fix: TestCollectContainers unit tests

* feat: Add `uc service start/stop` commands

* Add nolint:dupl for service start/stop commands

Co-authored-by: Pasha Sviderski <me@psviderski.name>

* Add --signal and --timeout options to uc service stop

* Check whether service stop --timeout flag was used to set options properly

---------

Co-authored-by: Pasha Sviderski <me@psviderski.name>

.editorconfig

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# EditorConfig is awesome: https://editorconfig.org
+
+root = true
+
+# Default settings for all files
+[*]
+charset = utf-8
+end_of_line = lf
+insert_final_newline = true
+trim_trailing_whitespace = true
+
+# Settings for Go files
+[*.go]
+indent_style = tab
+indent_size = 4
+
+# Settings for Bash scripts
+[*.sh]
+indent_style = space
+indent_size = 4

.github/FUNDING.yml

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+github: [psviderski]

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.md

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+---
+name: Bug Report
+about: Create a report to help us improve
+title: "[BUG] "
+labels: bug
+assignees: ""
+---
+
+**Describe the bug**
+
+<!-- A clear and concise description of what the bug is. -->
+
+**How to reproduce**
+
+<!-- Steps to reproduce the behavior:
+
+1. Run ...
+2. Do ...
+-->
+
+**Expected behavior**
+
+<!-- A clear and concise description of what you expected to happen. -->
+
+**Environment:**
+
+- Uncloud versions:
+  - Control (client) node (`uc --version`):
+  - Uncloud daemon (from the server) (`uncloudd --version`):
+- OS version (`uname -a`):
+  - Client (control node):
+  - Server:
+
+**Additional context**
+
+<!-- Add any other context about the problem here. -->

.github/copilot-instructions.md

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../AI.md

.github/workflows/go-tests.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+name: Go Tests
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - "main"
+      - "test/**"
+      - "release/**"
+  pull_request:
+    branches:
+      - main
+    paths:
+      - ".github/**"
+      - "**.go"
+      - "**.proto"
+      - "go.*"
+      - "Makefile"
+      - "scripts/**"
+      - "test/**"
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+jobs:
+  test:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout code
+        uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+
+      - name: Set up Go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@d35c59abb061a4a6fb18e82ac0862c26744d6ab5 # v5.5.0
+        with:
+          go-version: "1.25.1"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        run: |
+          go mod tidy
+          git diff --exit-code ||
+            (echo "go.mod or go.sum has changed. Please run 'go mod tidy' and commit the changes." && exit 1)
+
+      - name: Run tests
+        run: |
+          make ucind-image
+          make test
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+
+  check-protobuf:
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    timeout-minutes: 10
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        # Run on more platforms so that mise lockfile checksums are checked/generated for all platforms.
+        # See https://github.com/jdx/mise/issues/4276 for details.
+        os: [ubuntu-latest, macos-latest]
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout code
+        uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+
+      - name: Install Mise
+        uses: jdx/mise-action@13abe502c30c1559a5c37dff303831bab82c9402 # v2.2.3
+        with:
+          version: "2025.9.6"
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+
+      - name: Generate Protobuf files
+        run: |
+          make proto
+          # check if the generated files are up to date
+          git diff --exit-code ||
+            (echo "Generated protobuf files are not up to date. Please run 'make proto' and commit the changes." && exit 1)

.github/workflows/lint.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+name: Lint
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - "main"
+      - "test/**"
+      - "release/**"
+  pull_request:
+    branches:
+      - main
+    paths:
+      - "**.go"
+      - "go.*"
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+jobs:
+  lint:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout code
+        uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+
+      - name: Set up Go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@d35c59abb061a4a6fb18e82ac0862c26744d6ab5 # v5.5.0
+        with:
+          go-version: "1.25.1"
+
+      - name: golangci-lint
+        uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@4afd733a84b1f43292c63897423277bb7f4313a9 # v8.0.0
+        with:
+          version: v2.4.0
+
+      - name: Format code
+        run: |
+          make format
+          git diff --exit-code ||
+            (echo "Code is not formatted. Please run 'make format' and commit the changes." && exit 1)
+
+    timeout-minutes: 10

.gitignore

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ go.work.sum
 /data/
 /dist/
 /uc
+/tmp
 
 # Web
 node_modules/

.golangci.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+version: "2"
+
+run:
+  concurrency: 4
+  tests: true
+  timeout: 5m
+
+linters:
+  default: none
+  enable:
+    - bodyclose
+    # - dogsled
+    - dupl
+    # - errcheck
+    - gochecknoinits
+    - goconst
+    # - gocritic
+    # - gocyclo
+    # - godot
+    # - gosec
+    # - govet
+    - ineffassign
+    - misspell
+    - nakedret
+    # - prealloc
+    # - revive
+    # - staticcheck
+    - unconvert
+    # - unparam
+    # - unused
+    - whitespace
+  exclusions:
+    rules:
+      - path: ^test/e2e
+        linters:
+          - goconst  # constants here add no value, so we skip goconst only for test/e2e.
+
+formatters:
+  enable:
+    - gofumpt
+    - goimports
+

.goreleaser.yaml

@@ -16,7 +16,8 @@ builds:
     main: ./cmd/uncloud
     binary: uncloud
     env:
-      - CGO_ENABLED=0
+      # Use CGO to be able to build fsevent required by compose on macOS.
+      - CGO_ENABLED={{ if eq .Os "darwin" }}1{{ else }}0{{ end }}
     goos:
       - darwin
       - linux

.mise.lock

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+[[tools."aqua:vektra/mockery"]]
+version = "3.5.3"
+backend = "aqua:vektra/mockery"
+
+[tools."aqua:vektra/mockery".platforms.linux-x64]
+checksum = "sha256:ebce416b0175338525246c376885a1579ca6cd4d4015140ba0c70e6b5339a39c"
+size = 5498859
+url = "https://github.com/vektra/mockery/releases/download/v3.5.3/mockery_3.5.3_Linux_x86_64.tar.gz"
+
+[tools."aqua:vektra/mockery".platforms.macos-arm64]
+checksum = "sha256:a3a94b14c7414e148f2252199ffc4a0108d311358f3d336cbe05bb73cb203704"
+size = 5238877
+url = "https://github.com/vektra/mockery/releases/download/v3.5.3/mockery_3.5.3_Darwin_arm64.tar.gz"
+
+[[tools.go]]
+version = "1.25.1"
+backend = "core:go"
+
+[tools.go.platforms.linux-x64]
+checksum = "sha256:7716a0d940a0f6ae8e1f3b3f4f36299dc53e31b16840dbd171254312c41ca12e"
+size = 59660846
+url = "https://dl.google.com/go/go1.25.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz"
+
+[tools.go.platforms.macos-arm64]
+checksum = "sha256:68deebb214f39d542e518ebb0598a406ab1b5a22bba8ec9ade9f55fb4dd94a6c"
+size = 57906702
+url = "https://dl.google.com/go/go1.25.1.darwin-arm64.tar.gz"
+
+[[tools.golangci-lint]]
+version = "2.4.0"
+backend = "aqua:golangci/golangci-lint"
+
+[tools.golangci-lint.platforms.linux-x64]
+checksum = "sha256:fae792524c04424c0ac369f5b8076f04b45cf29fc945a370e55d369a8dc11840"
+size = 14126779
+url = "https://github.com/golangci/golangci-lint/releases/download/v2.4.0/golangci-lint-2.4.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz"
+
+[tools.golangci-lint.platforms.macos-arm64]
+checksum = "sha256:cd4dd53fa09b6646baff5fd22b8c64d91db02c21c7496df27992d75d34feec59"
+size = 13542526
+url = "https://github.com/golangci/golangci-lint/releases/download/v2.4.0/golangci-lint-2.4.0-darwin-arm64.tar.gz"
+
+[[tools.node]]
+version = "22.20.0"
+backend = "core:node"
+
+[tools.node.platforms.linux-x64]
+checksum = "sha256:eeaccb0378b79406f2208e8b37a62479c70595e20be6b659125eb77dd1ab2a29"
+size = 56645685
+url = "https://nodejs.org/dist/v22.20.0/node-v22.20.0-linux-x64.tar.gz"
+
+[tools.node.platforms.macos-arm64]
+checksum = "sha256:cc04a76a09f79290194c0646f48fec40354d88969bec467789a5d55dd097f949"
+size = 49838299
+url = "https://nodejs.org/dist/v22.20.0/node-v22.20.0-darwin-arm64.tar.gz"
+
+[[tools.protoc]]
+version = "27.3"
+backend = "aqua:protocolbuffers/protobuf/protoc"
+
+[tools.protoc.platforms.linux-x64]
+checksum = "blake3:8c2938accf7061164ea3968529a47ced1db4824ca553857f6903c68ae4347739"
+size = 3235873
+url = "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/releases/download/v27.3/protoc-27.3-linux-x86_64.zip"
+
+[tools.protoc.platforms.macos-arm64]
+checksum = "blake3:650c2494c003e9fddd6f4164a0a36e31da51ae7e1e5208da8cb560a4fe886fcd"
+size = 2372763
+url = "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/releases/download/v27.3/protoc-27.3-osx-aarch_64.zip"
+
+[[tools.protoc-gen-go]]
+version = "1.34.2"
+backend = "aqua:protocolbuffers/protobuf-go/protoc-gen-go"
+
+[tools.protoc-gen-go.platforms.linux-x64]
+checksum = "blake3:f765e393e0f0b25070c13848d88f5e6303e66090132afa1b753e981507a4174e"
+size = 1848331
+url = "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf-go/releases/download/v1.34.2/protoc-gen-go.v1.34.2.linux.amd64.tar.gz"
+
+[tools.protoc-gen-go.platforms.macos-arm64]
+checksum = "blake3:c237256a7f718ac4ccdc037ee30025a0b7c3f79300d7831ec59d76d782443fd5"
+size = 1784028
+url = "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf-go/releases/download/v1.34.2/protoc-gen-go.v1.34.2.darwin.arm64.tar.gz"
+
+[[tools.protoc-gen-go-grpc]]
+version = "1.5.1"
+backend = "aqua:grpc/grpc-go/protoc-gen-go-grpc"
+
+[tools.protoc-gen-go-grpc.platforms.linux-x64]
+checksum = "blake3:197739132f0408f017d0c83773ac1ace85c0572473fdd658ec6e4ccbf20e0552"
+size = 4859466
+url = "https://github.com/grpc/grpc-go/releases/download/cmd/protoc-gen-go-grpc/v1.5.1/protoc-gen-go-grpc.v1.5.1.linux.amd64.tar.gz"
+
+[tools.protoc-gen-go-grpc.platforms.macos-arm64]
+checksum = "blake3:3c668207565d23ea2cf006d699207e3a804ebb929a534bd38a3b4ff4e941e00c"
+size = 4565944
+url = "https://github.com/grpc/grpc-go/releases/download/cmd/protoc-gen-go-grpc/v1.5.1/protoc-gen-go-grpc.v1.5.1.darwin.arm64.tar.gz"

.mise.toml

@@ -1,5 +1,14 @@
+[settings]
+experimental = true
+
 [tools]
-go = "1.23"
+"aqua:vektra/mockery" = "3.5.3"
+go = "1.25.1"
+golangci-lint = "2.4.0"
+node = "22.20.0"
+protoc = "27.3"
+protoc-gen-go = "1.34.2"
+protoc-gen-go-grpc = "1.5.1"
 
 [env]
 _.file = ".env"

.mockery.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+packages:
+  github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/machine/caddyconfig:
+    interfaces:
+      CaddyfileValidator:

AI.md

@@ -0,0 +1,258 @@
+# AI.md - Uncloud Project Guide
+
+This document provides comprehensive information about the Uncloud project for AI assistants to understand the codebase, architecture, and development practices.
+
+## Project Overview
+
+**Uncloud** is a lightweight clustering and container orchestration tool that enables deployment and management of web applications across cloud VMs and bare metal servers. It creates a secure WireGuard mesh network between Docker hosts and provides automatic service discovery, load balancing, HTTPS ingress, and simple CLI commands for application management.
+
+### Key Characteristics
+
+- **Language**: Go
+- **Architecture**: Decentralized, no control plane
+- **Target**: Self-hosted infrastructure without Kubernetes complexity
+- **License**: View LICENSE file for details
+- **Status**: Active development, not yet ready for production
+
+## Core Features
+
+### 🏗️ Infrastructure
+
+- **Multi-machine deployment**: Combine cloud VMs, dedicated servers, and bare metal
+- **Zero-config networking**: Automatic WireGuard mesh with NAT traversal
+- **Decentralized design**: No central control plane, all machines are equal
+- **Service discovery**: Built-in DNS server resolves service names to container IPs
+
+### 🚀 Application Management
+
+- **Docker Compose compatibility**: Uses familiar Docker Compose format
+- **Zero-downtime deployments**: Rolling updates without service interruption
+- **Automatic HTTPS**: Caddy reverse proxy with Let's Encrypt integration
+- **Managed DNS**: Free `*.xxxxxx.uncld.dev` subdomains via Uncloud DNS service
+- **Cross-machine scaling**: Run containers across multiple machines
+
+### 🔧 Developer Experience
+
+- **Docker-like CLI**: Familiar commands (`uc` binary)
+- **Imperative operations**: Direct commands vs. declarative state reconciliation
+- **Remote management**: Control entire infrastructure via SSH to any machine
+- **Minimal overhead**: ~150MB RAM footprint per machine
+
+## Architecture
+
+### Core Components
+
+1. **CLI (`uc`)** - Main user interface for cluster management
+2. **Daemon (`uncloudd`)** - Machine daemon running on each node
+3. **Corrosion** - Distributed SQLite database for cluster state (Fly.io project)
+4. **Caddy** - Reverse proxy for HTTPS termination and routing
+5. **WireGuard** - Secure mesh networking between machines
+
+### Network Architecture
+
+- Each machine gets unique subnet (e.g., `10.210.0.0/24`, `10.210.1.0/24`)
+- Containers get cluster-unique IPs for direct communication
+- Automatic peer discovery and key management
+- NAT traversal for machines behind firewalls
+
+### State Management
+
+- **CRDT-based distributed storage** using Corrosion
+- **Eventually consistent** state across all machines
+- **Gossip protocol** (Serf) for state propagation
+- **No quorum requirements** - partial network splits remain functional
+
+## Project Structure
+
+### Key Directories
+
+- **`cmd/`**: Contains main applications
+
+  - `uncloud/`: CLI tool with subcommands for machine, service, volume management
+  - `uncloudd/`: Daemon that runs on each machine
+  - `ucind/`: Development cluster management for testing
+
+- **`internal/`**: Internal implementation packages
+
+  - `cli/`: Command-line interface logic
+  - `machine/`: Machine lifecycle and state management
+  - `daemon/`: Daemon implementation and gRPC services
+  - `dns/`: Internal DNS server for service discovery
+
+- **`pkg/`**: Public API packages for external use
+
+  - `api/`: Core API types and definitions
+  - `client/`: Client libraries for interacting with Uncloud
+
+- **`experiment/`**: Experimental features and prototypes
+- **`scripts/`**: Installation and utility scripts
+- **`test/`**: Test suites and test infrastructure
+- **`website/`**: Documentation website (Docusaurus)
+
+  - `landing/`: Landing page
+  - `docs/`: User documentation
+
+- **`misc/`**: Design documents and guides
+
+## Key Technologies
+
+### Core Dependencies
+
+```go
+// Networking and orchestration
+github.com/docker/docker                   // Docker API client
+github.com/docker/compose/v2               // Docker Compose integration
+golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard                 // WireGuard implementation
+github.com/hashicorp/serf                  // Gossip protocol
+
+// State management
+github.com/ipfs/go-ds-crdt                 // CRDT distributed storage
+github.com/dgraph-io/badger/v3             // Embedded database
+
+// Web proxy
+github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2            // HTTP server and reverse proxy
+
+// CLI and UX
+github.com/spf13/cobra                     // CLI framework
+github.com/charmbracelet/huh               // Interactive forms
+
+// gRPC and networking
+google.golang.org/grpc                     // gRPC framework
+github.com/siderolabs/grpc-proxy           // gRPC proxy for forwarding
+```
+
+## Development Workflow
+
+### Build and Development
+
+```bash
+# Build binaries
+go build -o uncloud ./cmd/uncloud
+go build -o uncloudd ./cmd/uncloudd
+```
+
+### Key Make Targets
+
+- `proto`: Generate protobuf code
+- `ucind-cluster`: Create development cluster
+- `update-dev`: Deploy to development machines
+- `demo-reset`: Reset demo environment
+- `fmt`: Format code
+- `test`: Run all tests
+- `lint`: Lint the code using golangci-lint
+- `lint-and-fix`: Lint the code and fix issues whenever possible
+
+## CLI Commands Structure
+
+The `uc` CLI provides these main command groups:
+
+### Machine Management
+
+```bash
+uc machine init <user@host>     # Initialize new cluster
+uc machine add <user@host>      # Add machine to cluster
+uc machine ls                   # List machines
+uc machine rm <name>            # Remove machine
+```
+
+### Service Management
+
+```bash
+uc run <image>                  # Run container from image
+uc deploy                       # Deploy from compose.yaml
+uc scale <service> <count>      # Scale service replicas
+uc ls                           # List services
+uc rm <service>                 # Remove service
+```
+
+### Context and Connectivity
+
+```bash
+uc context ls                   # List available contexts
+uc context use <name>           # Switch context
+```
+
+### Global Flags
+
+- `--connect`: Connect to remote machine directly, without a config file
+- `--uncloud-config`: Override config file path
+
+## Development Guidelines
+
+### Code Organization
+
+- **Package naming**: Use clear, descriptive names
+- **Error handling**: Wrap errors with context using `fmt.Errorf`
+- **Logging**: Use structured logging with levels
+- **gRPC**: Services defined in `internal/machine/api/pb/`
+
+### Testing
+
+- Test files and locations
+  - Unit tests alongside source files (`*_test.go`)
+  - Integration tests in `test/e2e/`
+  - Test fixtures in `test/fixtures/`
+- Use table driven tests whenever possible
+
+### Dependencies
+
+- Prefer standard library when possible
+- Pin versions in `go.mod`
+- Document rationale for external dependencies
+
+### Configuration
+
+- Support environment variables for key settings
+- Validate configuration early
+- Provide sensible defaults
+
+## Troubleshooting and Debugging
+
+### Common Issues
+
+- **Networking**: Check WireGuard status, iptables rules
+- **DNS**: Verify service discovery resolution
+- **Containers**: Use standard Docker debugging tools
+- **State sync**: Check Corrosion logs for replication issues
+
+### Debugging Tools
+
+- Standard Linux networking tools (`ping`, `traceroute`, `wireshark`)
+- Docker commands (`docker ps`, `docker logs`)
+- SSH access to machines for direct inspection
+- gRPC debugging tools
+
+### Logs and Monitoring
+
+- Systemd services (getting logs via `journalctl -u SERVICE_NAME`)
+  - `uncloud` -- Uncloud daemon
+  - `uncloud-corrosion` -- Corrosion process
+- Machine daemon logs
+- Container logs via Docker
+
+## File Patterns and Conventions
+
+### Important Files to Understand
+
+- `cmd/uncloud/main.go`: CLI entry point and command structure
+- `internal/cli/cli.go`: CLI implementation and configuration
+- `internal/machine/machine.go`: Core machine management
+- `pkg/api/`: Public API definitions
+- `misc/design.md`: Architecture and design philosophy
+- `README.md`: Repository README
+
+### Configuration Files
+
+- `go.mod/go.sum`: Go dependency management
+- `Makefile`: Build and development tasks
+- `Dockerfile`: Container build instructions forUncloud-in-Docker (used for testing)
+
+This document should help AI assistants understand the project structure, make informed suggestions, and contribute effectively to the Uncloud codebase.
+
+## Documentation
+
+Instructions when generating documentation:
+
+- Use conversational language – write as if you were speaking to a friend.
+- Keep sentences simple, optimize for clarity and understanding.
+- Place the subject before the action whenever possible. Example: prefer “The function loads data” over “Data is loaded by the function.”

CLAUDE.md

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+./AI.md

Dockerfile

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ARG ALPINE_VERSION=3.20.3
 
-FROM golang:1.23.2-alpine AS uncloudd
+FROM golang:1.25.1-alpine AS uncloudd
 
 ARG TARGETOS
 ARG TARGETARCH
@@ -13,17 +13,26 @@ COPY go.mod go.sum ./
 RUN go mod download && go mod verify
 
 COPY . .
-RUN GOOS=${TARGETOS} GOARCH=${TARGETARCH} go build -o uncloudd cmd/uncloudd/main.go
+RUN GOOS=${TARGETOS} GOARCH=${TARGETARCH} go build -o uncloudd ./cmd/uncloudd
 
 
 FROM alpine:${ALPINE_VERSION} AS corrosion-download
-RUN wget -q -O /tmp/corrosion.tar.gz \
+ARG TARGETARCH
-      https://github.com/psviderski/corrosion/releases/latest/download/corrosion-aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu.tar.gz \
+
+RUN CORROSION_ARCH=$(case "${TARGETARCH}" in \
+      "amd64") echo "x86_64" ;; \
+      "arm64") echo "aarch64" ;; \
+      *) echo "Architecture '${TARGETARCH}' not supported" >&2 && exit 1 ;; \
+    esac) \
+    && wget -q -O /tmp/corrosion.tar.gz \
+      "https://github.com/psviderski/corrosion/releases/latest/download/corrosion-${CORROSION_ARCH}-unknown-linux-gnu.tar.gz" \
     && tar -xzf /tmp/corrosion.tar.gz -C /tmp \
     && install /tmp/corrosion /usr/local/bin/corrosion \
     && rm /tmp/corrosion.tar.gz /tmp/corrosion
 
-FROM chainguard/wolfi-base:latest AS corrosion
+# Beware that more modern images like chainguard/wolfi-base build glibc with flags that require newer CPU features,
+# e.g. x86-64-v2. So such image may fail with "Fatal glibc error: CPU does not support x86-64-v2" on older CPUs.
+FROM gcr.io/distroless/cc-debian12:latest AS corrosion
 COPY --from=corrosion-download /usr/local/bin/corrosion /usr/local/bin/corrosion
 CMD ["corrosion", "agent"]
 

Makefile

@@ -38,25 +38,83 @@ demo-reset:
 
 .PHONY: ucind-cluster
 ucind-cluster:
-	go run ./cmd/ucind cluster rm && go run ./cmd/ucind cluster create -m 3
+	go run ./cmd/ucind cluster rm && go run ./cmd/ucind cluster create -m $(if $(MACHINES_COUNT),$(MACHINES_COUNT),3)
 
 .PHONY: proto
 proto:
 	protoc --go_out=. --go_opt=paths=source_relative --go-grpc_out=. --go-grpc_opt=paths=source_relative \
 		--proto_path=. --proto_path=internal/machine/api/vendor internal/machine/api/pb/*.proto
 
+.PHONY: proto-mise
+proto-mise:
+	mise exec -- protoc --go_out=. --go_opt=paths=source_relative --go-grpc_out=. --go-grpc_opt=paths=source_relative \
+		--proto_path=. --proto_path=internal/machine/api/vendor internal/machine/api/pb/*.proto
+
 .PHONY: corrosion-image
 corrosion-image:
 	docker build -t "$(CORROSION_IMAGE)" --target corrosion .
 
-.PHONY: corrosion-image-push
+.PHONY: corrosion-multiarch-image-push
-corrosion-image-push: corrosion-image
+corrosion-multiarch-image-push:
-	docker push "$(CORROSION_IMAGE)"
+	docker buildx build --push --platform linux/amd64,linux/arm64 -t "$(CORROSION_IMAGE)" --target corrosion .
 
 .PHONY: ucind-image
 ucind-image:
 	docker build -t "$(UCIND_IMAGE)" --target ucind .
 
-.PHONY: ucind-image-push
+.PHONY: ucind-multiarch-image-push
-ucind-image-push: ucind-image
+ucind-multiarch-image-push:
-	docker push "$(UCIND_IMAGE)"
+	docker buildx build --push --platform linux/amd64,linux/arm64 -t "$(UCIND_IMAGE)" --target ucind .
+
+.PHONY: mocks
+mocks:
+	@mockery
+
+.PHONY: test
+test:
+ifeq ($(TEST_NAME),)
+	go test -count=1 -v ./...
+else
+	go test -race -count=1 -v -run ^$(TEST_NAME)$$ ./...
+endif
+
+.PHONY: test-e2e
+test-e2e:
+	go test -race -count=1 -v ./test/e2e
+
+.PHONY: test-clean
+test-clean:
+	@CONTAINERS=$$(docker ps --filter "name=ucind-test" -q); \
+	if [ -n "$$CONTAINERS" ]; then \
+		echo "Killing containers..."; \
+		docker kill $$CONTAINERS; \
+	fi; \
+	CONTAINERS_STOPPED=$$(docker ps -a --filter "name=ucind-test" -q); \
+	if [ -n "$$CONTAINERS_STOPPED" ]; then \
+		echo "Removing stopped containers..."; \
+		docker rm $$CONTAINERS_STOPPED; \
+	else \
+		echo "Nothing to clean."; \
+	fi
+
+.PHONY: vet
+vet:
+	go vet ./...
+
+.PHONY: format fmt
+format fmt:
+	GOOS=linux golangci-lint fmt
+
+LINT_TARGETS := lint lint-and-fix
+.PHONY: $(LINT_TARGETS) _lint
+$(LINT_TARGETS): _lint
+lint: ARGS=
+lint-and-fix: ARGS=--fix
+_lint:
+# Explicitly set OS to Linux to not skip *_linux.go files when running on macOS.
+# Uncloud daemon won't likely support OS other than Linux anytime soon, so for now we can rely on that.
+	GOOS=linux golangci-lint run $(ARGS)
+
+.PHONY: cli-docs
+cli-docs:
+	go run ./cmd/uncloud docs

README.md

@@ -1,54 +1,74 @@
 <div align="center">
-  <img src="./website/images/logo.svg" height="100" alt="Uncloud logo"/>
+  <img src="./website/landing/images/logo-title.svg#gh-light-mode-only" alt="Uncloud logo"/>
-  <h1>Uncloud</h1>
+  <img src="./website/landing/images/logo-title-dark.svg#gh-dark-mode-only" alt="Uncloud logo"/>
-  <p><strong>Docker simplicity. Multi-machine power.</strong></p>
+  <p><strong>▸ Docker simplicity. Multi-machine power ◂</strong></p>
+
+  <p>
+    <a href="https://uncloud.run/docs"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Docs-blue.svg?style=for-the-badge&logo=gitbook&logoColor=white" alt="Documentation"></a>
+    <a href="https://discord.gg/eR35KQJhPu"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/discord-5865F2.svg?style=for-the-badge&logo=discord&logoColor=white" alt="Join Discord"></a>
+    <a href="https://x.com/psviderski"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/follow-black?style=for-the-badge&logo=X&logoColor=while" alt="Follow on X"></a>
+    <a href="https://github.com/sponsors/psviderski"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Donate-EA4AAA.svg?style=for-the-badge&logo=githubsponsors&logoColor=white" alt="Donate"></a>
+  </p>
 </div>
 
 Uncloud is a lightweight clustering and container orchestration tool that lets you deploy and manage web apps across
-cloud VMs and bare metal with minimized cluster management overhead. It creates a secure WireGuard mesh network between
+cloud VMs and bare metal with minimised cluster management overhead. It creates a secure WireGuard mesh network between
 your Docker hosts and provides automatic service discovery, load balancing, ingress with HTTPS, and simple CLI commands
 to manage your apps.
 
 Unlike traditional orchestrators, there's no central control plane and quorum to maintain. Each machine maintains a
-synchronized copy of the cluster state through peer-to-peer communication, keeping cluster operations functional even if
+synchronised copy of the cluster state through peer-to-peer communication, keeping cluster operations functional even if
 some machines go offline.
 
-Uncloud is the solution for developers who want the flexibility of self-hosted infrastructure without the
+Uncloud is the solution for developers who want the flexibility of self-hosted infrastructure without the operational
-operational complexity of Kubernetes.
+complexity of Kubernetes.
-
-## 🎬 Quick demo
-
-Deploy a highly available web app with automatic HTTPS across multiple regions and on-premises in just a couple minutes.
-
-<a href="https://uncloud.wistia.com/medias/k47uwt9uau?wvideo=k47uwt9uau">
-<img src="https://embed-ssl.wistia.com/deliveries/3cf7014a48b93afc556444bed3e39a8c.jpg?image_crop_resized=900x526&image_play_button_rounded=true&image_play_button_size=2x&image_play_button_color=18181Be0" alt="Uncloud demo" width="450" height="263" />
-</a>
 
 ## ✨ Features
 
-* **Deploy anywhere**: Combine cloud VMs, dedicated servers, and bare metal into a unified computing environment —
+* **Deploy anywhere**: Combine cloud VMs, dedicated servers, and bare metal into a unified computing environment,
   regardless of location or provider.
 * **Docker Compose**: Familiar [Docker Compose](https://compose-spec.io/) format for defining services and volumes. No
   need to learn a new bespoke DSL.
 * **Zero-downtime deployments**: Rolling updates without service interruption. Automatic rollback on failure is coming
   soon.
+* **[Unregistry](https://github.com/psviderski/unregistry) integration**: Build and push your Docker images directly to
+  your machines without an external registry. It will transfer only the missing layers, making it fast and efficient.
 * **Service discovery**: Built-in DNS server resolves service names to container IPs.
 * **Persistent storage**: Run stateful services with Docker volumes managed across machines.
 * **Zero-config private network**: Automatic WireGuard mesh with peer discovery and NAT traversal. Containers get unique
   IPs for direct cross-machine communication.
-* **No control plane**: Fully decentralized design eliminates single points of failure and reduces operational overhead.
+* **No control plane**: Fully decentralised design eliminates single points of failure and reduces operational overhead.
 * **Imperative over declarative**: Favoring imperative operations over state reconciliation simplifies both the mental
   model and troubleshooting.
-* **Managed DNS**: Automatic DNS records `*.<id>.cluster.uncloud.run` for services with public access via managed
+* **Managed DNS**: Automatic DNS records `*.xxxxxx.uncld.dev` for services with public access via managed
   [Uncloud DNS](https://github.com/psviderski/uncloud-dns) service.
 * **Automatic HTTPS**: Built-in Caddy reverse proxy handles TLS certificate provisioning and renewal using Let's
   Encrypt.
 * **Docker-like CLI**: Familiar commands for managing both infrastructure and applications.
 * **Remote management**: Control your entire infrastructure through SSH access to any single machine in the cluster.
 
-Here is a diagram of an Uncloud multi-provider cluster of 3 machines:
+## 🎬 Quick demo
 
-![Diagram: multi-provider cluster of 3 machines](website/images/diagram.webp)
+The screenshot below demonstrates how I use Uncloud to deploy https://uncloud.run website to 2 remote machines from
+the [`compose.yaml`](website/compose.yaml) file on my local machine.
+
+It exposes the container port `8000/tcp` as HTTPS on the domain `uncloud.run`, served by the Caddy reverse proxy on the
+remote machines. All managed by Uncloud.
+
+![Uncloud compose deployment demo](.github/images/compose-deploy.jpg)
+
+Here is a more advanced use case. Deploy a highly available web app with automatic HTTPS across multiple regions and
+on-premises in just a couple minutes.
+
+<a href="https://uncloud.wistia.com/medias/k47uwt9uau?wvideo=k47uwt9uau">
+<img src="https://embed-ssl.wistia.com/deliveries/3cf7014a48b93afc556444bed3e39a8c.jpg?image_crop_resized=900x526&image_play_button_rounded=true&image_play_button_size=2x&image_play_button_color=18181Be0" alt="Uncloud demo" width="450" height="263" />
+</a>
+
+<br>
+<br>
+
+> **📚 Want more examples?** Check out the [**uncloud-recipes**](https://github.com/psviderski/uncloud-recipes)
+> repository for community recipes and templates for deploying popular services on Uncloud.
 
 ## 💫 Why Uncloud?
 
@@ -58,14 +78,15 @@ believe there's a sweet spot in between — a pragmatic solution for the majorit
 scale. You should be able to:
 
 * **Own your infrastructure and data**: Whether driven by costs, compliance, or flexibility, run applications on any
-  combination of cloud VMs and personal hardware while maintaining the cloud-like experience you love.
+  combination of cloud VMs and personal hardware while controlling your data and maintaining the cloud-like experience
-* **Stay simple**: Don't worry about control planes, highly-available clusters, or complex YAML configurations for
+  you love.
-  common use cases.
+* **Stay simple as you grow**: Start with a single machine and add more whenever you need without changing your
+  workflow. No worrying about highly-available control planes or complex YAML configurations.
 * **Build with proven primitives**: Get production-grade networking, deployment primitives, service discovery, load
   balancing, and ingress with HTTPS out of the box without becoming a distributed systems expert.
-* **Support sustainable computing** 🌿: Minimize system overhead to maximize resources available for your applications.
+* **Support sustainable computing** 🌿: Minimise system overhead to maximise resources available for your applications.
 
-Uncloud's goal is to make deployment and management of containerized applications feel as seamless as using a cloud
+Uncloud's goal is to make deployment and management of containerised applications feel as seamless as using a cloud
 platform, whether you're running on a $5 VPS, a spare Mac mini, or a rack of bare metal servers.
 
 ## 🚀 Quick start
@@ -79,7 +100,9 @@ platform, whether you're running on a $5 VPS, a spare Mac mini, or a rack of bar
    curl -fsS https://get.uncloud.run/install.sh | sh
    ```
 
-2. Initialize your first machine:
+   See [Installation](https://uncloud.run/docs/getting-started/install-cli) for more options.
+
+2. Initialise your first machine:
 
    ```bash
    uc machine init root@your-server-ip
@@ -110,16 +133,20 @@ platform, whether you're running on a $5 VPS, a spare Mac mini, or a rack of bar
    uncloud-uninstall
    ```
 
-View the [user guide](docs/user_guide.md) for more information.
+View the [Documentation](https://uncloud.run/docs) for more information.
 
 ## ⚙️ How it works
 
-Check out the [design document](docs/design.md) to understand Uncloud's design philosophy and goals.
+Check out the [design document](misc/design.md) to understand Uncloud's design philosophy and goals.
+
+Here is a diagram of an Uncloud multi-provider cluster of 3 machines:
+
+![Diagram: multi-provider cluster of 3 machines](website/landing/images/diagram.webp)
 
 <details>
-<summary>Here, let's peek under the hood to see what happens when you run certain commands.</summary>
+<summary>Peek under the hood to see what happens when you run certain commands.</summary>
 
-**When you initialize a new cluster on a machine:**
+**When you initialise a new cluster on a machine:**
 
 ```bash
 $ uc machine init --name oracle-vm ubuntu@152.67.101.197
@@ -259,20 +286,61 @@ machine is a full backup of your control plane.
 Uncloud is currently in active development and is **not ready for production use**. Features may change significantly
 and there may be breaking changes between releases.
 
-I'd love your input! Here's how you can contribute:
+We'd love your input! Here's how you can contribute:
 
 * 🐛 Found a bug? [Open an issue](https://github.com/psviderski/uncloud/issues)
-* 💡 Have ideas? [Join the discussion](https://github.com/psviderski/uncloud/discussions)
+* 💡 Have questions, ideas, or need help?
+    * Start a discussion or join an existing one in
+      the [Discussions](https://github.com/psviderski/uncloud/discussions).
+    * Join our [Discord community](https://discord.gg/eR35KQJhPu) where we discuss features, roadmap, implementation
+      details, and help each other out.
+
+## 🙏 Inspiration & Acknowledgements
+
+I'm grateful to the following projects that inspired Uncloud's design and implementation:
+
+* [Kamal](https://kamal-deploy.org/) — for proving that even in the declarative era of Kubernetes there is a place for
+  simple deployment tools that use imperative commands without complex orchestration. Kamal powers the multi-billion
+  dollar company [37signals](https://37signals.com/) where it was created, and that's truly inspiring!
+* [Fly.io](https://fly.io/) — for inspiring my vision for what self-hosted infrastructure should feel like, proving that
+  developer experience and powerful infrastructure can coexist beautifully.
+* [Tailscale](https://tailscale.com/) — for pioneering the vision of decentralised flat mesh networking with an amazing
+  user experience that feels like magic.
+* [Talos Linux](https://github.com/siderolabs/talos)
+  and [KubeSpan](https://www.talos.dev/v1.10/talos-guides/network/kubespan/) — for the machine API design using
+  [grpc-proxy](https://github.com/siderolabs/grpc-proxy) and for its elegant approach to secure WireGuard-based overlay
+  networking with zero configuration.
+* [Docker Swarm Classic](https://github.com/docker-archive/classicswarm) and
+  [Rancher 1.x](http://rancher-com-website-main-elb-elb-1798790864.us-west-2.elb.amazonaws.com/docs/rancher/v1.6/en/)
+  — for showing the power of simplicity and pragmatism in container orchestration and that not every problem needs the
+  complexity of Kubernetes.
+
+Special thanks to the [Corrosion](https://github.com/superfly/corrosion) project by Fly.io for providing the distributed
+SQLite database used to share Uncloud's cluster state.
 
 ## 📫 Stay updated
 
-* [Subscribe](https://uncloud.run/#subscribe) to my newsletter to follow the progress, get early insights into new
+* Join our [Discord server](https://discord.gg/eR35KQJhPu) for real-time discussions, support, and updates.
+* Follow [@psviderski](https://x.com/psviderski) on X/Twitter.
+* Subscribe to [my newsletter](https://uncloud.run/#subscribe) to follow the progress, get early insights into new
   features, and be the first to know when it's ready for production use.
 * Watch this repository for releases.
-* Follow [@psviderski](https://x.com/psviderski) on X/Twitter.
+
+## 💖 Sponsors
+
+These companies and projects are helping Uncloud with their generous sponsorship and/or services:
+
+<!-- Sentry -->
+<a href="https://sentry.io/welcome/">
+  <img height="100" alt="Sentry" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/6c1439c0-d20d-40dc-a669-c9aa94651dfa" />
+</a>
 
 ## ❤️ Contributors
 
+<a href="https://trendshift.io/repositories/14069">
+    <img alt="Trendshift" src="https://trendshift.io/api/badge/repositories/14069" />
+</a>
+
 Thank you [@cedws](https://github.com/cedws) for being the first contributor to Uncloud! 🎉
 
 <a href="https://github.com/psviderski/uncloud/graphs/contributors">

cmd/ucind/cluster/create.go

@@ -2,8 +2,9 @@ package cluster
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
-	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/ucind"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
 
 func NewCreateCommand() *cobra.Command {

cmd/ucind/cluster/remove.go

@@ -2,8 +2,9 @@ package cluster
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
-	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/ucind"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
 
 func NewRemoveCommand() *cobra.Command {

cmd/ucind/cluster/root.go

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ func NewRootCommand() *cobra.Command {
 	}
 	cmd.AddCommand(
 		NewCreateCommand(),
-		//NewListCommand(),
+		// NewListCommand(),
 		NewRemoveCommand(),
 	)
 	return cmd

cmd/uncloud/build.go

@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+
+	composecli "github.com/compose-spec/compose-go/v2/cli"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/client/compose"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+)
+
+type buildOptions struct {
+	cli.BuildServicesOptions
+	files    []string
+	profiles []string
+}
+
+// NewBuildCommand creates a new command to build images for services from a Compose file.
+func NewBuildCommand() *cobra.Command {
+	opts := buildOptions{}
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "build [FLAGS] [SERVICE...]",
+		Short: "Build services from a Compose file.",
+		Long: `Build images for services from a Compose file using local Docker.
+
+By default, built images remain on the local Docker host. Use --push to upload them
+to cluster machines or --push-registry to upload them to external registries.`,
+		Example: `  # Build all services that have a build section in compose.yaml.
+  uc build
+
+  # Build specific services that have a build section.
+  uc build web api
+
+  # Build services and push images to all cluster machines or service x-machines if specified.
+  uc build --push
+
+  # Build services and push images to specific machines.
+  uc build --push -m machine1,machine2
+
+  # Build services and push images to external registries (e.g., Docker Hub).
+  uc build --push-registry
+
+  # Build services with build arguments, pull newer base images before building, and don't use cache.
+  uc build --build-arg NODE_VERSION=24 --build-arg ENV=production --no-cache --pull`,
+		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			uncli := cmd.Context().Value("cli").(*cli.CLI)
+			opts.Services = args
+
+			return runBuild(cmd.Context(), uncli, opts)
+		},
+		GroupID: "service",
+	}
+
+	cmd.Flags().StringArrayVar(&opts.BuildArgs, "build-arg", nil,
+		"Set a build-time variable for services. Used in Dockerfiles that declare the variable with ARG.\n"+
+			"Can be specified multiple times. Format: --build-arg VAR=VALUE")
+	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&opts.Check, "check", false,
+		"Check the build configuration for services without building them.")
+	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&opts.Deps, "deps", false,
+		"Also build services declared as dependencies of the selected services.")
+	cmd.Flags().StringSliceVarP(&opts.files, "file", "f", nil,
+		"One or more Compose files to build. (default compose.yaml)")
+	cmd.Flags().StringSliceVarP(&opts.Machines, "machine", "m", nil,
+		"Machine names or IDs to push the built images to (requires --push).\n"+
+			"Can be specified multiple times or as a comma-separated list. (default is all machines or x-machines)")
+	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&opts.NoCache, "no-cache", false,
+		"Do not use cache when building images.")
+	cmd.Flags().StringSliceVarP(&opts.profiles, "profile", "p", nil,
+		"One or more Compose profiles to enable.")
+	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&opts.Pull, "pull", false,
+		"Always attempt to pull newer versions of base images before building.")
+	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&opts.PushCluster, "push", false,
+		"Upload the built images to cluster machines after building.\n"+
+			"Use --machine to specify which machines. (default is all machines)")
+	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&opts.PushRegistry, "push-registry", false,
+		"Upload the built images to external registries (e.g., Docker Hub) after building.")
+
+	return cmd
+}
+
+// runBuild parses the Compose file(s) and builds the images for selected services.
+func runBuild(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts buildOptions) error {
+	// Validate push flags.
+	if opts.PushCluster && opts.PushRegistry {
+		return fmt.Errorf("cannot specify both --push and --push-registry: choose one push target")
+	}
+
+	machines := cli.ExpandCommaSeparatedValues(opts.Machines)
+	// Special handling for an explicit "all" keyword to push to all machines.
+	if len(machines) == 1 && machines[0] == "all" {
+		machines = nil
+	}
+	opts.Machines = machines
+
+	project, err := compose.LoadProject(ctx, opts.files, composecli.WithDefaultProfiles(opts.profiles...))
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("load compose file(s): %w", err)
+	}
+
+	servicesToBuild, err := cli.ServicesThatNeedBuild(project, opts.Services, opts.Deps)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("determine services to build: %w", err)
+	}
+	if len(servicesToBuild) == 0 {
+		fmt.Println("No services to build.")
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	return uncli.BuildServices(ctx, project, opts.BuildServicesOptions)
+}

cmd/uncloud/caddy/config.go

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+package caddy
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+
+	"github.com/alecthomas/chroma/v2/quick"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+)
+
+type configOptions struct {
+	machine string
+	noColor bool
+}
+
+func NewConfigCommand() *cobra.Command {
+	opts := configOptions{}
+
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "config",
+		Short: "Show the current Caddy configuration (Caddyfile).",
+		Long:  "Display the current Caddy configuration (Caddyfile) from the connected machine or a specified one.",
+		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			uncli := cmd.Context().Value("cli").(*cli.CLI)
+			return runConfig(cmd.Context(), uncli, opts)
+		},
+	}
+
+	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(&opts.machine, "machine", "m", "",
+		"Name or ID of the machine to get the configuration from. (default is connected machine)")
+	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&opts.noColor, "no-color", false,
+		"Disable syntax highlighting for the output.")
+
+	return cmd
+}
+
+func runConfig(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts configOptions) error {
+	clusterClient, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("connect to cluster: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer clusterClient.Close()
+
+	if opts.machine != "" {
+		// If a specific machine is requested, use it to get the Caddy configuration.
+		ctx, _, err = clusterClient.ProxyMachinesContext(ctx, []string{opts.machine})
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	config, err := clusterClient.Caddy.GetConfig(ctx, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("get Caddy config: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Print the Caddyfile with syntax highlighting.
+	if opts.noColor {
+		fmt.Print(config.Caddyfile)
+	} else {
+		if err = quick.Highlight(os.Stdout, config.Caddyfile, "caddy", "terminal256", "monokai"); err != nil {
+			// If highlighting fails, fall back to plain output.
+			fmt.Print(config.Caddyfile)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}

cmd/uncloud/caddy/deploy.go

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"maps"
+	"os"
 	"slices"
 	"strings"
 
@@ -18,9 +19,9 @@ import (
 )
 
 type deployOptions struct {
-	image    string
+	caddyfile string
-	machines []string
+	image     string
-	context  string
+	machines  []string
 }
 
 func NewDeployCommand() *cobra.Command {
@@ -37,21 +38,28 @@ func NewDeployCommand() *cobra.Command {
 		},
 	}
 
+	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&opts.caddyfile, "caddyfile", "",
+		"Path to a custom global Caddy config (Caddyfile) that will be prepended to the auto-generated Caddy config.")
 	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&opts.image, "image", "",
 		"Caddy Docker image to deploy. (default caddy:LATEST_VERSION)")
 	cmd.Flags().StringSliceVarP(&opts.machines, "machine", "m", nil,
-		"Machine names to deploy to. Can be specified multiple times or as a comma-separated "+
+		"Machine names or IDs to deploy to. Can be specified multiple times or as a comma-separated "+
-			"list of machine names. (default is all machines)")
+			"list. (default is all machines)")
-	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(
-		&opts.context, "context", "c", "",
-		"Name of the cluster context to deploy to. (default is the current context)",
-	)
 
 	return cmd
 }
 
 func runDeploy(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts deployOptions) error {
-	clusterClient, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx, opts.context)
+	caddyfile := ""
+	if opts.caddyfile != "" {
+		data, err := os.ReadFile(opts.caddyfile)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("read Caddyfile: %w", err)
+		}
+		caddyfile = strings.TrimSpace(string(data))
+	}
+
+	clusterClient, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("connect to cluster: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -91,7 +99,7 @@ func runDeploy(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts deployOptions) error {
 	placement := api.Placement{
 		Machines: cli.ExpandCommaSeparatedValues(opts.machines),
 	}
-	d, err := clusterClient.NewCaddyDeployment(opts.image, placement)
+	d, err := clusterClient.NewCaddyDeployment(opts.image, caddyfile, placement)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("create caddy deployment: %w", err)
 	}

cmd/uncloud/caddy/root.go

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ func NewRootCommand() *cobra.Command {
 		Short: "Manage Caddy reverse proxy service.",
 	}
 	cmd.AddCommand(
+		NewConfigCommand(),
 		NewDeployCommand(),
 	)
 	return cmd

cmd/uncloud/context/connection.go

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+package context
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/charmbracelet/huh"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli/config"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+)
+
+func NewConnectionCommand() *cobra.Command {
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "connection",
+		Short: "Choose a new default connection for the current context.",
+		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			uncli := cmd.Context().Value("cli").(*cli.CLI)
+			return selectConnection(uncli)
+		},
+	}
+	return cmd
+}
+
+func selectConnection(uncli *cli.CLI) error {
+	if uncli.Config == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("connection management is not available: Uncloud configuration file is not being used")
+	}
+	if len(uncli.Config.Contexts) == 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("no contexts found in Uncloud config (%s)", uncli.Config.Path())
+	}
+
+	currentCtxName := uncli.Config.CurrentContext
+	currentCtx, ok := uncli.Config.Contexts[currentCtxName]
+	if !ok {
+		return fmt.Errorf("current context '%s' not found", currentCtxName)
+	}
+
+	if len(currentCtx.Connections) == 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("no connections found in context '%s'", currentCtxName)
+	}
+
+	var selectedConnection int
+	form := huh.NewForm(
+		huh.NewGroup(
+			huh.NewSelect[int]().
+				Title("Select a default connection").
+				Options(buildConnectionOptions(currentCtx.Connections)...).
+				Value(&selectedConnection),
+		),
+	)
+	if err := form.Run(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("select connection: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	currentCtx.SetDefaultConnection(selectedConnection)
+	selected := currentCtx.Connections[0]
+
+	if err := uncli.Config.Save(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("save config: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	fmt.Printf("Default connection for context '%s' is now '%s'.\n", currentCtxName, selected)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func buildConnectionOptions(connections []config.MachineConnection) []huh.Option[int] {
+	options := make([]huh.Option[int], len(connections))
+	for i, conn := range connections {
+		key := conn.String()
+		opt := huh.NewOption(key, i)
+		if i == 0 {
+			opt.Key += " (default)"
+			opt = opt.Selected(true)
+		}
+		options[i] = opt
+	}
+	return options
+}

cmd/uncloud/context/ls.go

@@ -12,8 +12,6 @@ import (
 )
 
 func NewListCommand() *cobra.Command {
-	var clusterContext string
-
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{
 		Use:     "ls",
 		Aliases: []string{"list"},
@@ -24,11 +22,6 @@ func NewListCommand() *cobra.Command {
 		},
 	}
 
-	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(
-		&clusterContext, "context", "c", "",
-		"Name of the cluster context. (default is the current context)",
-	)
-
 	return cmd
 }
 
@@ -51,7 +44,7 @@ func list(uncli *cli.CLI) error {
 	for _, name := range contextNames {
 		current := ""
 		if name == currentContext {
-			current = "*"
+			current = "✓"
 		}
 		connCount := len(uncli.Config.Contexts[name].Connections)
 		fmt.Fprintf(tw, "%s\t%s\t%d\n", name, current, connCount)

cmd/uncloud/context/root.go

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ func NewRootCommand() *cobra.Command {
 	cmd.AddCommand(
 		NewListCommand(),
 		NewUseCommand(),
+		NewConnectionCommand(),
 	)
 
 	return cmd

cmd/uncloud/deploy.go

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"strings"
 
+	"github.com/charmbracelet/lipgloss"
 	composecli "github.com/compose-spec/compose-go/v2/cli"
 	"github.com/docker/compose/v2/pkg/progress"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli"
@@ -17,11 +18,14 @@ import (
 )
 
 type deployOptions struct {
+	cli.BuildServicesOptions
+
 	files    []string
 	profiles []string
 	services []string
-
+	noBuild  bool
-	context string
+	recreate bool
+	yes      bool
 }
 
 // NewDeployCommand creates a new command to deploy services from a Compose file.
@@ -31,44 +35,44 @@ func NewDeployCommand() *cobra.Command {
 		Use:   "deploy [FLAGS] [SERVICE...]",
 		Short: "Deploy services from a Compose file.",
 		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-			uncli := cmd.Context().Value("cli").(*cli.CLI)
+			cli.BindEnvToFlag(cmd, "yes", "UNCLOUD_AUTO_CONFIRM")
 
-			if len(args) > 0 {
+			uncli := cmd.Context().Value("cli").(*cli.CLI)
-				opts.services = args
+			opts.services = args
-			}
 
 			return runDeploy(cmd.Context(), uncli, opts)
 		},
+		GroupID: "service",
 	}
 
+	cmd.Flags().StringArrayVar(&opts.BuildServicesOptions.BuildArgs, "build-arg", nil,
+		"Set a build-time variable for services. Used in Dockerfiles that declare the variable with ARG.\n"+
+			"Can be specified multiple times. Format: --build-arg VAR=VALUE")
+	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&opts.BuildServicesOptions.Pull, "build-pull", false,
+		"Always attempt to pull newer versions of base images before building service images.")
 	cmd.Flags().StringSliceVarP(&opts.files, "file", "f", nil,
 		"One or more Compose files to deploy services from. (default compose.yaml)")
+	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&opts.noBuild, "no-build", false,
+		"Do not build new images before deploying services.")
+	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&opts.BuildServicesOptions.NoCache, "no-cache", false,
+		"Do not use cache when building images.")
 	cmd.Flags().StringSliceVarP(&opts.profiles, "profile", "p", nil,
 		"One or more Compose profiles to enable.")
-	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(&opts.context, "context", "c", "",
+	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&opts.recreate, "recreate", false,
-		"Name of the cluster context to deploy to (default is the current context)")
+		"Recreate containers even if their configuration and image haven't changed.")
+	cmd.Flags().BoolVarP(&opts.yes, "yes", "y", false,
+		"Auto-confirm deployment plan. Should be explicitly set when running non-interactively,\n"+
+			"e.g., in CI/CD pipelines. [$UNCLOUD_AUTO_CONFIRM]")
+
 	// TODO: Consider adding a filter flag to specify which machines to deploy to but keep the rest running.
 	//  Could be useful to test a new version on a subset of machines before rolling out to all.
 
 	return cmd
 }
 
-// projectOpts returns the project options for the Compose file(s).
-func projectOpts(opts deployOptions) []composecli.ProjectOptionsFn {
-	projectOpts := []composecli.ProjectOptionsFn{}
-
-	if len(opts.profiles) > 0 {
-		projectOpts = append(projectOpts, composecli.WithDefaultProfiles(opts.profiles...))
-	}
-
-	return projectOpts
-}
-
 // runDeploy parses the Compose file(s) and deploys the services.
 func runDeploy(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts deployOptions) error {
-	projectOpts := projectOpts(opts)
+	project, err := compose.LoadProject(ctx, opts.files, composecli.WithDefaultProfiles(opts.profiles...))
-
-	project, err := compose.LoadProject(ctx, opts.files, projectOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("load compose file(s): %w", err)
 	}
@@ -81,13 +85,74 @@ func runDeploy(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts deployOptions) error {
 		}
 	}
 
-	clusterClient, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx, opts.context)
+	servicesToBuild, err := cli.ServicesThatNeedBuild(project, opts.services, false)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("determine services to build: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if len(servicesToBuild) > 0 {
+		if opts.noBuild {
+			fmt.Println("Not building services as requested.")
+		} else {
+			// Build service images without pushing them to cluster yet to not connect to the cluster twice.
+			opts.BuildServicesOptions.Deps = true // build dependencies as deploy includes them by default
+			opts.BuildServicesOptions.Services = opts.services
+
+			if err = uncli.BuildServices(ctx, project, opts.BuildServicesOptions); err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("build services: %w", err)
+			}
+		}
+		fmt.Println()
+	}
+
+	clusterClient, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("connect to cluster: %w", err)
 	}
 	defer clusterClient.Close()
 
-	composeDeploy, err := compose.NewDeployment(ctx, clusterClient, project)
+	if len(servicesToBuild) > 0 && !opts.noBuild {
+		// Push built service images to cluster machines one at a time.
+		var errs []error
+		for _, s := range servicesToBuild {
+			if s.Image == "" {
+				// Skip services without an image name (shouldn't happen for services with build config).
+				continue
+			}
+
+			// Push to the specified x-machines or to *all* cluster machines if not specified.
+			var pushOpts client.PushImageOptions
+			if machines, ok := s.Extensions[compose.MachinesExtensionKey].(compose.MachinesSource); ok {
+				pushOpts.Machines = machines
+			}
+			if len(pushOpts.Machines) == 0 {
+				pushOpts.AllMachines = true
+			}
+
+			boldStyle := lipgloss.NewStyle().Bold(true)
+			err = progress.RunWithTitle(ctx, func(ctx context.Context) error {
+				if err = clusterClient.PushImage(ctx, s.Image, pushOpts); err != nil {
+					return fmt.Errorf("push image '%s' for service '%s': %w", s.Image, s.Name, err)
+				}
+				return nil
+			}, uncli.ProgressOut(), fmt.Sprintf("Pushing image %s to cluster", boldStyle.Render(s.Image)))
+			// Collect errors to try pushing all images.
+			if err != nil {
+				errs = append(errs, err)
+			}
+		}
+
+		if err = errors.Join(errs...); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		fmt.Println()
+	}
+
+	var strategy deploy.Strategy
+	if opts.recreate {
+		strategy = &deploy.RollingStrategy{ForceRecreate: true}
+	}
+	composeDeploy, err := compose.NewDeploymentWithStrategy(ctx, clusterClient, project, strategy)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("create compose deployment: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -102,19 +167,27 @@ func runDeploy(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts deployOptions) error {
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	fmt.Println("Deployment plan:")
+	fmt.Println(lipgloss.NewStyle().Bold(true).Render("Deployment plan"))
 	if err = printPlan(ctx, clusterClient, plan); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("print deployment plan: %w", err)
 	}
 	fmt.Println()
 
-	confirmed, err := cli.Confirm()
+	// Ask for plan confirmation before proceeding with the deployment unless auto-confirmed with --yes.
-	if err != nil {
+	if !opts.yes {
-		return fmt.Errorf("confirm deployment: %w", err)
+		if !cli.IsStdinTerminal() {
-	}
+			return errors.New("cannot ask to confirm deployment plan in non-interactive mode, " +
-	if !confirmed {
+				"use --yes flag or set UNCLOUD_AUTO_CONFIRM=true to auto-confirm")
-		fmt.Println("Cancelled. No changes were made.")
+		}
-		return nil
+
+		confirmed, err := cli.Confirm()
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("confirm deployment: %w", err)
+		}
+		if !confirmed {
+			fmt.Println("Cancelled. No changes were made.")
+			return nil
+		}
 	}
 
 	return progress.RunWithTitle(ctx, func(ctx context.Context) error {

cmd/uncloud/dns/release.go

@@ -12,32 +12,21 @@ import (
 	"google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/emptypb"
 )
 
-type releaseOptions struct {
-	context string
-}
-
 func NewReleaseCommand() *cobra.Command {
-	opts := releaseOptions{}
-
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{
 		Use:   "release",
 		Short: "Release the reserved cluster domain.",
 		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 			uncli := cmd.Context().Value("cli").(*cli.CLI)
-			return release(cmd.Context(), uncli, opts)
+			return release(cmd.Context(), uncli)
 		},
 	}
 
-	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(
-		&opts.context, "context", "c", "",
-		"Name of the cluster context. (default is the current context)",
-	)
-
 	return cmd
 }
 
-func release(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts releaseOptions) error {
+func release(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI) error {
-	client, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx, opts.context)
+	client, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("connect to cluster: %w", err)
 	}

cmd/uncloud/dns/reserve.go

@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ const DefaultUncloudDNSAPIEndpoint = "https://dns.uncloud.run/v1"
 
 type reserveOptions struct {
 	endpoint string
-	context  string
 }
 
 func NewReserveCommand() *cobra.Command {
@@ -36,16 +35,12 @@ func NewReserveCommand() *cobra.Command {
 
 	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&opts.endpoint, "endpoint", DefaultUncloudDNSAPIEndpoint,
 		"API endpoint for the Uncloud DNS service.")
-	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(
-		&opts.context, "context", "c", "",
-		"Name of the cluster context. (default is the current context)",
-	)
 
 	return cmd
 }
 
 func reserve(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts reserveOptions) error {
-	clusterClient, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx, opts.context)
+	clusterClient, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("connect to cluster: %w", err)
 	}

cmd/uncloud/dns/root.go

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ func NewRootCommand() *cobra.Command {
 		Use:   "dns",
 		Short: "Manage cluster domain in Uncloud DNS.",
 		Long: "Manage cluster domain in Uncloud DNS.\n" +
-			"DNS commands allow you to reserve or release a unique '<id>.cluster.uncloud.run' domain for your " +
+			"DNS commands allow you to reserve or release a unique 'xxxxxx.uncld.dev' domain for your " +
 			"cluster. When reserved, Caddy service deployments will automatically update DNS records to route " +
 			"traffic to the services in the cluster.",
 	}

cmd/uncloud/dns/show.go

@@ -10,32 +10,21 @@ import (
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
 
-type showOptions struct {
-	context string
-}
-
 func NewShowCommand() *cobra.Command {
-	opts := showOptions{}
-
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{
 		Use:   "show",
 		Short: "Print the cluster domain name.",
 		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 			uncli := cmd.Context().Value("cli").(*cli.CLI)
-			return show(cmd.Context(), uncli, opts)
+			return show(cmd.Context(), uncli)
 		},
 	}
 
-	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(
-		&opts.context, "context", "c", "",
-		"Name of the cluster context. (default is the current context)",
-	)
-
 	return cmd
 }
 
-func show(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts showOptions) error {
+func show(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI) error {
-	clusterClient, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx, opts.context)
+	clusterClient, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("connect to cluster: %w", err)
 	}

cmd/uncloud/docs.go

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"regexp"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra/doc"
+)
+
+const docsDir = "website/docs/9-cli-reference"
+
+type cmdWrapper struct {
+	cmd *cobra.Command
+}
+
+// NewDocsCommand creates a new hidden command to generate CLI reference docs.
+func NewDocsCommand() *cobra.Command {
+	wrapper := &cmdWrapper{}
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:                   "docs",
+		Short:                 "Generate Uncloud CLI reference docs",
+		SilenceUsage:          true,
+		DisableFlagsInUseLine: true,
+		Hidden:                true,
+		Args:                  cobra.NoArgs,
+		ValidArgsFunction:     cobra.NoFileCompletions,
+		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string) error {
+			// Remove existing markdown files.
+			mdFiles, err := filepath.Glob(filepath.Join(docsDir, "*.md"))
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("list existing CLI docs: %w", err)
+			}
+			for _, f := range mdFiles {
+				if err = os.Remove(f); err != nil {
+					return fmt.Errorf("remove '%s': %w", f, err)
+				}
+			}
+
+			// Generate new CLI reference docs.
+			wrapper.cmd.Root().DisableAutoGenTag = true
+			if err := doc.GenMarkdownTree(cmd.Root(), docsDir); err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("generate CLI docs: %w", err)
+			}
+
+			// Remove *completion*.md files that contain malformatted code blocks that break Docusaurus.
+			mdFiles, err = filepath.Glob(filepath.Join(docsDir, "*completion*.md"))
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("list generated CLI docs: %w", err)
+			}
+			for _, f := range mdFiles {
+				if err = os.Remove(f); err != nil {
+					return fmt.Errorf("remove '%s': %w", f, err)
+				}
+			}
+
+			// Post-process generated markdown files.
+			mdFiles, err = filepath.Glob(filepath.Join(docsDir, "*.md"))
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("list generated CLI docs: %w", err)
+			}
+
+			for _, f := range mdFiles {
+				if err = postProcessMarkdown(f); err != nil {
+					return fmt.Errorf("post-process '%s': %w", f, err)
+				}
+			}
+
+			return nil
+		},
+	}
+
+	wrapper.cmd = cmd
+	return cmd
+}
+
+// postProcessMarkdown applies transformations to generated markdown files.
+func postProcessMarkdown(filename string) error {
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(filename)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	content := string(data)
+
+	// Replace "SEE ALSO" with "See also".
+	content = strings.ReplaceAll(content, "SEE ALSO", "See also")
+	// Escape <id> to avoid Docusaurus treating it as an HTML tag.
+	content = strings.ReplaceAll(content, "<id>", "\\<id>")
+
+	// Remove broken links to completion docs.
+	if strings.Contains(content, "[uc completion") {
+		lines := strings.Split(content, "\n")
+		var filteredLines []string
+		for _, line := range lines {
+			if !strings.Contains(line, "[uc completion") {
+				filteredLines = append(filteredLines, line)
+			}
+		}
+		content = strings.Join(filteredLines, "\n")
+	}
+
+	// Adjust heading levels. Process from shortest to longest to avoid double replacements.
+	replacements := []struct {
+		old, new string
+	}{
+		{`(?m)^## `, `# `},
+		{`(?m)^### `, `## `},
+		{`(?m)^#### `, `### `},
+		{`(?m)^##### `, `#### `},
+	}
+
+	for _, r := range replacements {
+		re := regexp.MustCompile(r.old)
+		content = re.ReplaceAllString(content, r.new)
+	}
+
+	return os.WriteFile(filename, []byte(content), 0o644)
+}

cmd/uncloud/image/ls.go

@@ -0,0 +1,307 @@
+package image
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"slices"
+	"sort"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/charmbracelet/lipgloss"
+	"github.com/charmbracelet/lipgloss/table"
+	"github.com/containerd/platforms"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/image"
+	"github.com/docker/go-units"
+	"github.com/muesli/termenv"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/api"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+)
+
+type listOptions struct {
+	machines   []string
+	nameFilter string
+}
+
+func NewListCommand() *cobra.Command {
+	opts := listOptions{}
+
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:     "ls [REPO:[TAG]]",
+		Aliases: []string{"list"},
+		Short:   "List images on machines in the cluster.",
+		Long:    "List images on machines in the cluster. By default, on all machines. Optionally filter by image name.",
+		Example: `  # List all images on all machines.
+  uc image ls
+
+  # List images on specific machine.
+  uc image ls -m machine1
+
+  # List images on multiple machines.
+  uc image ls -m machine1,machine2
+
+  # List images filtered by name (with any tag) on all machines.
+  uc image ls myapp
+
+  # List images filtered by name pattern on specific machine.
+  uc image ls "myapp:1.*" -m machine1`,
+		Args: cobra.MaximumNArgs(1),
+		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			if len(args) > 0 {
+				opts.nameFilter = args[0]
+			}
+			uncli := cmd.Context().Value("cli").(*cli.CLI)
+			return list(cmd.Context(), uncli, opts)
+		},
+	}
+
+	cmd.Flags().StringSliceVarP(&opts.machines, "machine", "m", nil,
+		"Filter images by machine name or ID. Can be specified multiple times or as a comma-separated list. "+
+			"(default is include all machines)")
+
+	return cmd
+}
+
+// imageRow represents a single image with its metadata for display.
+type imageRow struct {
+	id           string
+	name         string
+	platforms    string
+	createdHuman string
+	createdUnix  int64
+	size         string
+	inUse        string
+	store        string
+	machine      string
+}
+
+func list(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts listOptions) error {
+	clusterClient, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("connect to cluster: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer clusterClient.Close()
+
+	// Get all machines to create ID to name mapping.
+	allMachines, err := clusterClient.ListMachines(ctx, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("list machines: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	machineIDToName := make(map[string]string)
+	for _, machineMember := range allMachines {
+		if machineMember.Machine != nil && machineMember.Machine.Id != "" && machineMember.Machine.Name != "" {
+			machineIDToName[machineMember.Machine.Id] = machineMember.Machine.Name
+		}
+	}
+
+	machines := cli.ExpandCommaSeparatedValues(opts.machines)
+
+	clusterImages, err := clusterClient.ListImages(ctx, api.ImageFilter{
+		Machines: machines,
+		Name:     opts.nameFilter,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("list images: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Collect all images from all machines.
+	var rows []imageRow
+
+	for _, machineImages := range clusterImages {
+		// Get machine name for better readability.
+		machineName := machineImages.Metadata.Machine
+		if m := allMachines.FindByNameOrID(machineName); m != nil {
+			machineName = m.Machine.Name
+		}
+
+		store := "docker"
+		if machineImages.ContainerdStore {
+			store = "containerd"
+		}
+
+		// Process each image for this machine.
+		for _, img := range machineImages.Images {
+			// Show the first 12 chars without 'sha256:' as the image ID like Docker does.
+			id := strings.TrimPrefix(img.ID, "sha256:")[:12]
+
+			name := "<none>"
+			if len(img.RepoTags) > 0 && img.RepoTags[0] != "<none>:<none>" {
+				name = img.RepoTags[0]
+			}
+
+			imgPlatforms, _ := imagePlatforms(img)
+			formattedPlatforms := formatPlatforms(imgPlatforms)
+
+			created := ""
+			createdAt := time.Unix(img.Created, 0)
+			if !createdAt.IsZero() {
+				created = units.HumanDuration(time.Now().UTC().Sub(createdAt)) + " ago"
+			}
+
+			size := units.HumanSizeWithPrecision(float64(img.Size), 3)
+
+			// Check if the image is in use by any containers. Only supported by Docker API >=1.51
+			inUse := "-"
+			if img.Containers != -1 { // -1 means the info is not available.
+				if img.Containers > 0 {
+					inUse = lipgloss.NewStyle().Foreground(lipgloss.Color("10")).Render("●")
+				} else {
+					inUse = lipgloss.NewStyle().Foreground(lipgloss.Color("8")).Render("○")
+				}
+			}
+
+			rows = append(rows, imageRow{
+				id:           id,
+				name:         name,
+				platforms:    formattedPlatforms,
+				createdHuman: created,
+				createdUnix:  img.Created,
+				size:         size,
+				inUse:        inUse,
+				store:        store,
+				machine:      machineName,
+			})
+		}
+	}
+
+	if len(rows) == 0 {
+		if opts.nameFilter != "" {
+			fmt.Printf("No images matching '%s' found.\n", opts.nameFilter)
+		} else {
+			fmt.Println("No images found.")
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// Sort images by name, then by machine name.
+	sort.Slice(rows, func(i, j int) bool {
+		if rows[i].name != rows[j].name {
+			return rows[i].name < rows[j].name
+		}
+		return rows[i].machine < rows[j].machine
+	})
+
+	// Print the images in a table format.
+	fmt.Println(formatImageTable(rows))
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// imagePlatforms returns a list of platforms supported by the image and a boolean indicating if it's multi-platform.
+func imagePlatforms(img image.Summary) ([]string, bool) {
+	var formattedPlatforms []string
+	multiPlatform := false
+
+	for _, m := range img.Manifests {
+		if m.Kind != image.ManifestKindImage || !m.Available {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if m.ID != img.ID {
+			// There is an image manifest that has digest different from the main image digest.
+			// This means the image manifest is an index or a manifest list (multi-platform image).
+			multiPlatform = true
+		}
+		formattedPlatforms = append(formattedPlatforms, platforms.Format(m.ImageData.Platform))
+	}
+
+	slices.Sort(formattedPlatforms)
+
+	return formattedPlatforms, multiPlatform
+}
+
+func formatPlatforms(platforms []string) string {
+	if len(platforms) == 0 {
+		return "-"
+	}
+
+	platformStyle := lipgloss.NewStyle().
+		BorderForeground(lipgloss.Color("152")).
+		Foreground(lipgloss.Color("0")).
+		Background(lipgloss.Color("152"))
+	// Use fancy pill borders only if the output is a terminal with color support.
+	if lipgloss.ColorProfile() != termenv.Ascii {
+		platformStyle = platformStyle.Border(lipgloss.Border{Left: "", Right: ""}, false, true, false, true)
+	}
+
+	styledPlatforms := make([]string, len(platforms))
+	for i, p := range platforms {
+		styledPlatforms[i] = platformStyle.Render(p)
+	}
+
+	return strings.Join(styledPlatforms, " ")
+}
+
+func formatImageTable(rows []imageRow) string {
+	columns := []struct {
+		name string
+		hide bool
+	}{
+		{name: "IMAGE ID"},
+		{name: "NAME"},
+		{name: "PLATFORMS"},
+		{name: "CREATED"},
+		{name: "SIZE"},
+		{name: "IN USE"},
+		{name: "STORE"},
+		{name: "MACHINE"},
+	}
+
+	// Hide the "IN USE" column if none of the images have that info available.
+	inUseInfoAvailable := slices.ContainsFunc(rows, func(r imageRow) bool {
+		return r.inUse != "-"
+	})
+	if !inUseInfoAvailable {
+		// Hide "IN USE" column.
+		columns[5].hide = true
+	}
+
+	t := table.New().
+		// Remove the default border.
+		Border(lipgloss.Border{}).
+		BorderTop(false).
+		BorderBottom(false).
+		BorderLeft(false).
+		BorderRight(false).
+		BorderHeader(false).
+		BorderColumn(false).
+		StyleFunc(func(row, col int) lipgloss.Style {
+			if row == table.HeaderRow {
+				return lipgloss.NewStyle().Bold(true).PaddingRight(3)
+			}
+			// Regular style for data rows with padding.
+			return lipgloss.NewStyle().PaddingRight(3)
+		})
+
+	var headers []string
+	for _, col := range columns {
+		if !col.hide {
+			headers = append(headers, col.name)
+		}
+	}
+	t.Headers(headers...)
+
+	for _, row := range rows {
+		values := []string{
+			row.id,
+			row.name,
+			row.platforms,
+			row.createdHuman,
+			row.size,
+			row.inUse,
+			row.store,
+			row.machine,
+		}
+		var filteredValues []string
+		for i, v := range values {
+			if !columns[i].hide {
+				filteredValues = append(filteredValues, v)
+			}
+		}
+		t.Row(filteredValues...)
+	}
+
+	return t.String()
+}

cmd/uncloud/image/push.go

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+package image
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/containerd/platforms"
+	"github.com/docker/compose/v2/pkg/progress"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/client"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+)
+
+type pushOptions struct {
+	image    string
+	machines []string
+	platform string
+}
+
+func NewPushCommand() *cobra.Command {
+	opts := pushOptions{}
+
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "push IMAGE",
+		Short: "Upload a local Docker image to the cluster.",
+		Long: `Upload a local Docker image to the cluster transferring only the missing layers.
+The image is uploaded to all cluster machines (default) or the specified machine(s).`,
+		Example: `  # Push image to all machines in the cluster.
+  uc image push myapp:latest
+
+  # Push image to specific machine.
+  uc image push myapp:latest -m machine1
+
+  # Push image to multiple machines.
+  uc image push myapp:latest -m machine1,machine2,machine3
+
+  # Push a specific platform of a multi-platform image.
+  uc image push myapp:latest --platform linux/amd64`,
+		Args: cobra.ExactArgs(1),
+		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			uncli := cmd.Context().Value("cli").(*cli.CLI)
+
+			opts.image = args[0]
+			return push(cmd.Context(), uncli, opts)
+		},
+	}
+
+	cmd.Flags().StringSliceVarP(&opts.machines, "machine", "m", nil,
+		"Machine names or IDs to push the image to. Can be specified multiple times or as a comma-separated list. "+
+			"(default is all machines)")
+	cmd.Flags().StringVar(
+		&opts.platform, "platform", "",
+		"Push a specific platform of a multi-platform image (e.g., linux/amd64, linux/arm64).\n"+
+			"Local Docker must be configured to use containerd image store to support multi-platform images.",
+	)
+
+	return cmd
+}
+
+func push(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts pushOptions) error {
+	clusterClient, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("connect to cluster: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer clusterClient.Close()
+
+	machines := cli.ExpandCommaSeparatedValues(opts.machines)
+	pushOpts := client.PushImageOptions{}
+
+	// Special handling for an explicit "all" keyword to push to all machines.
+	if len(machines) == 1 && machines[0] == "all" {
+		pushOpts.AllMachines = true
+	} else if len(machines) > 0 {
+		pushOpts.Machines = machines
+	} else {
+		// Default is to push to all machines in the cluster.
+		pushOpts.AllMachines = true
+	}
+
+	if opts.platform != "" {
+		p, err := platforms.Parse(opts.platform)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("invalid platform '%s': %w", opts.platform, err)
+		}
+		pushOpts.Platform = &p
+	}
+
+	return progress.RunWithTitle(ctx, func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		if err = clusterClient.PushImage(ctx, opts.image, pushOpts); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("push image to cluster: %w", err)
+		}
+		return nil
+	}, uncli.ProgressOut(), fmt.Sprintf("Pushing image %s to cluster", opts.image))
+}

cmd/uncloud/image/root.go

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package image
+
+import (
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+)
+
+func NewRootCommand() *cobra.Command {
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "image",
+		Short: "Manage images on machines in the cluster.",
+	}
+
+	cmd.AddCommand(
+		NewListCommand(),
+		NewPushCommand(),
+	)
+
+	return cmd
+}

cmd/uncloud/images.go

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/cmd/uncloud/image"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+)
+
+// NewImagesCommand returns the 'image ls' command modified to work as 'images'.
+func NewImagesCommand() *cobra.Command {
+	listCmd := image.NewListCommand()
+	listCmd.Use = "images [IMAGE]"
+	// Remove 'list' alias since this command is already an alias.
+	listCmd.Aliases = nil
+	listCmd.Example = strings.ReplaceAll(listCmd.Example, "uc image ls", "uc images")
+
+	return listCmd
+}

cmd/uncloud/machine/add.go

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/netip"
+	"strings"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4"
@@ -20,12 +21,12 @@ import (
 )
 
 type addOptions struct {
-	name     string
+	name      string
-	noCaddy  bool
+	noCaddy   bool
-	publicIP string
+	noInstall bool
-	sshKey   string
+	publicIP  string
-	context  string
+	sshKey    string
-	version  string
+	version   string
 }
 
 func NewAddCommand() *cobra.Command {
@@ -33,19 +34,31 @@ func NewAddCommand() *cobra.Command {
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{
 		Use:   "add [USER@]HOST[:PORT]",
 		Short: "Add a remote machine to a cluster.",
-		Args:  cobra.ExactArgs(1),
+		Long: `Add a new machine to an existing Uncloud cluster.
+
+Connection methods:
+  ssh://user@host       - Use built-in SSH library (default, no prefix required)
+  ssh+cli://user@host   - Use system SSH command (supports ProxyJump, SSH config)`,
+		Args: cobra.ExactArgs(1),
 		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 			uncli := cmd.Context().Value("cli").(*cli.CLI)
 
-			user, host, port, err := config.SSHDestination(args[0]).Parse()
+			// Determine if SSH CLI needs to be used and strip scheme
+			destination := args[0]
+			useSSHCLI := strings.HasPrefix(destination, "ssh+cli://")
+			destination = strings.TrimPrefix(destination, "ssh+cli://")
+			destination = strings.TrimPrefix(destination, "ssh://")
+
+			user, host, port, err := config.SSHDestination(destination).Parse()
 			if err != nil {
 				return fmt.Errorf("parse remote machine: %w", err)
 			}
-			remoteMachine := cli.RemoteMachine{
+			remoteMachine := &cli.RemoteMachine{
-				User:    user,
+				User:      user,
-				Host:    host,
+				Host:      host,
-				Port:    port,
+				Port:      port,
-				KeyPath: opts.sshKey,
+				KeyPath:   opts.sshKey,
+				UseSSHCLI: useSSHCLI,
 			}
 
 			return add(cmd.Context(), uncli, remoteMachine, opts)
@@ -56,33 +69,35 @@ func NewAddCommand() *cobra.Command {
 		&opts.noCaddy, "no-caddy", false,
 		"Don't deploy Caddy reverse proxy service to the machine.",
 	)
+	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(
+		&opts.noInstall, "no-install", false,
+		"Skip installation of Docker, Uncloud daemon, and dependencies on the machine. "+
+			"Assumes they're already installed and running.",
+	)
 	cmd.Flags().StringVar(
 		&opts.publicIP, "public-ip", "auto",
 		"Public IP address of the machine for ingress configuration. Use 'auto' for automatic detection, "+
-			"blank '' or 'none' to disable ingress on this machine, or specify an IP address.",
+			fmt.Sprintf("blank '' or '%s' to disable ingress on this machine, or specify an IP address.", PublicIPNone),
 	)
 	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(
 		&opts.sshKey, "ssh-key", "i", "",
-		"path to SSH private key for SSH remote login. (default ~/.ssh/id_*)",
+		fmt.Sprintf("Path to SSH private key for remote login (if not already added to SSH agent). (default %q)",
+			cli.DefaultSSHKeyPath),
 	)
 	cmd.Flags().StringVar(
 		&opts.version, "version", "latest",
 		"Version of the Uncloud daemon to install on the machine.",
 	)
-	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(
-		&opts.context, "context", "c", "",
-		"Name of the cluster context to add the machine to. (default is the current context)",
-	)
 
 	return cmd
 }
 
-func add(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, remoteMachine cli.RemoteMachine, opts addOptions) error {
+func add(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, remoteMachine *cli.RemoteMachine, opts addOptions) error {
 	var publicIP *netip.Addr
 	switch opts.publicIP {
 	case "auto":
 		publicIP = &netip.Addr{}
-	case "", "none":
+	case "", PublicIPNone:
 		publicIP = nil
 	default:
 		ip, err := netip.ParseAddr(opts.publicIP)
@@ -92,16 +107,17 @@ func add(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, remoteMachine cli.RemoteMachine, o
 		publicIP = &ip
 	}
 
-	machineClient, err := uncli.AddMachine(ctx, cli.AddMachineOptions{
+	clusterClient, machineClient, err := uncli.AddMachine(ctx, cli.AddMachineOptions{
-		Context:       opts.context,
 		MachineName:   opts.name,
 		PublicIP:      publicIP,
 		RemoteMachine: remoteMachine,
+		SkipInstall:   opts.noInstall,
 		Version:       opts.version,
 	})
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	defer clusterClient.Close()
 	defer machineClient.Close()
 
 	if opts.noCaddy {
@@ -117,8 +133,11 @@ func add(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, remoteMachine cli.RemoteMachine, o
 
 	// Deploy a Caddy service container to the added machine. If caddy service is already deployed on other machines,
 	// use the deployed image version. Otherwise, use the latest version.
+	// NOTE: We use the cluster client to inspect and scale the Caddy service because the newly added machine may have
+	// issues accessing the Machine API of existing machines in the cluster.
+	// See the issue for more details: https://github.com/psviderski/uncloud/issues/65.
 	caddyImage := ""
-	caddySvc, err := machineClient.InspectService(ctx, client.CaddyServiceName)
+	caddySvc, err := clusterClient.InspectService(ctx, client.CaddyServiceName)
 	if err != nil {
 		if !errors.Is(err, api.ErrNotFound) {
 			return fmt.Errorf("inspect caddy service: %w", err)
@@ -141,7 +160,7 @@ func add(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, remoteMachine cli.RemoteMachine, o
 
 	// TODO: scale the existing Caddy service to the new machine instead of running a new deployment
 	//  that may cause a small downtime.
-	d, err := machineClient.NewCaddyDeployment(caddyImage, api.Placement{})
+	d, err := clusterClient.NewCaddyDeployment(caddyImage, "", api.Placement{})
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("create caddy deployment: %w", err)
 	}

cmd/uncloud/machine/constants.go

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+package machine
+
+const (
+	// PublicIPNone is the value used to indicate removal of public IP
+	PublicIPNone = "none"
+)

cmd/uncloud/machine/init.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/netip"
+	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/docker/compose/v2/pkg/progress"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/cmd/uncloud/caddy"
@@ -22,6 +23,7 @@ type initOptions struct {
 	network     string
 	noCaddy     bool
 	noDNS       bool
+	noInstall   bool
 	publicIP    string
 	sshKey      string
 	version     string
@@ -33,7 +35,24 @@ func NewInitCommand() *cobra.Command {
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{
 		Use:   "init [USER@HOST:PORT]",
 		Short: "Initialise a new cluster with a remote machine as the first member.",
-		// TODO: include usage examples of initialising a remote machine.
+		Long: `Initialise a new cluster by setting up a remote machine as the first member.
+This command creates a new context in your Uncloud config to manage the cluster.
+
+Connection methods:
+  ssh://user@host       - Use built-in SSH library (default, no prefix required)
+  ssh+cli://user@host   - Use system SSH command (supports ProxyJump, SSH config)`,
+		Example: `  # Initialise a new cluster with default settings.
+  uc machine init root@<your-server-ip>
+
+  # Initialise with a context name 'prod' in the Uncloud config (~/.config/uncloud/config.yaml) and machine name 'vps1'.
+  uc machine init root@<your-server-ip> -c prod -n vps1
+
+  # Initialise with a non-root user and custom SSH port and key.
+  uc machine init ubuntu@<your-server-ip>:2222 -i ~/.ssh/mykey
+
+  # Initialise without Caddy (no reverse proxy) and without an automatically managed domain name (xxxxxx.uncld.dev).
+  # You can deploy Caddy with 'uc caddy deploy' and reserve a domain with 'uc dns reserve' later.
+  uc machine init root@<your-server-ip> --no-caddy --no-dns`,
 		// TODO: support initialising a cluster on the local machine.
 		Args: cobra.MaximumNArgs(1),
 		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
@@ -41,15 +60,22 @@ func NewInitCommand() *cobra.Command {
 
 			var remoteMachine *cli.RemoteMachine
 			if len(args) > 0 {
-				user, host, port, err := config.SSHDestination(args[0]).Parse()
+				// Determine if SSH CLI is requested and strip scheme
+				destination := args[0]
+				useSSHCLI := strings.HasPrefix(destination, "ssh+cli://")
+				destination = strings.TrimPrefix(destination, "ssh+cli://")
+				destination = strings.TrimPrefix(destination, "ssh://")
+
+				user, host, port, err := config.SSHDestination(destination).Parse()
 				if err != nil {
 					return fmt.Errorf("parse remote machine: %w", err)
 				}
 				remoteMachine = &cli.RemoteMachine{
-					User:    user,
+					User:      user,
-					Host:    host,
+					Host:      host,
-					Port:    port,
+					Port:      port,
-					KeyPath: opts.sshKey,
+					KeyPath:   opts.sshKey,
+					UseSSHCLI: useSSHCLI,
 				}
 			}
 
@@ -68,28 +94,34 @@ func NewInitCommand() *cobra.Command {
 	)
 	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(
 		&opts.noCaddy, "no-caddy", false,
-		"Don't deploy Caddy reverse proxy service to the machine.",
+		"Don't deploy Caddy reverse proxy service to the machine. You can deploy it later with 'uc caddy deploy'.",
 	)
 	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(
 		&opts.noDNS, "no-dns", false,
-		"Don't reserve a cluster domain in Uncloud DNS.",
+		"Don't reserve a cluster domain in Uncloud DNS. You can reserve it later with 'uc dns reserve'.",
+	)
+	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(
+		&opts.noInstall, "no-install", false,
+		"Skip installation of Docker, Uncloud daemon, and dependencies on the machine. "+
+			"Assumes they're already installed and running.",
 	)
 	cmd.Flags().StringVar(
 		&opts.publicIP, "public-ip", "auto",
 		"Public IP address of the machine for ingress configuration. Use 'auto' for automatic detection, "+
-			"blank '' or 'none' to disable ingress on this machine, or specify an IP address.",
+			fmt.Sprintf("blank '' or '%s' to disable ingress on this machine, or specify an IP address.", PublicIPNone),
 	)
 	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(
 		&opts.sshKey, "ssh-key", "i", "",
-		"Path to SSH private key for SSH remote login. (default ~/.ssh/id_*)",
+		fmt.Sprintf("Path to SSH private key for remote login (if not already added to SSH agent). (default %q)",
+			cli.DefaultSSHKeyPath),
 	)
 	cmd.Flags().StringVar(
 		&opts.version, "version", "latest",
 		"Version of the Uncloud daemon to install on the machine.",
 	)
 	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(
-		&opts.context, "context", "c", "default",
+		&opts.context, "context", "c", cli.DefaultContextName,
-		"Name of the created context for the initialised cluster in the Uncloud config.",
+		"Name of the new context to be created in the Uncloud config to manage the cluster.",
 	)
 
 	return cmd
@@ -105,7 +137,7 @@ func initCluster(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, remoteMachine *cli.RemoteM
 	switch opts.publicIP {
 	case "auto":
 		publicIP = &netip.Addr{}
-	case "", "none":
+	case "", PublicIPNone:
 		publicIP = nil
 	default:
 		ip, err := netip.ParseAddr(opts.publicIP)
@@ -114,13 +146,13 @@ func initCluster(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, remoteMachine *cli.RemoteM
 		}
 		publicIP = &ip
 	}
-	
 	client, err := uncli.InitCluster(ctx, cli.InitClusterOptions{
 		Context:       opts.context,
 		MachineName:   opts.name,
 		Network:       netPrefix,
 		PublicIP:      publicIP,
 		RemoteMachine: remoteMachine,
+		SkipInstall:   opts.noInstall,
 		Version:       opts.version,
 	})
 	if err != nil {
@@ -147,7 +179,7 @@ func initCluster(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, remoteMachine *cli.RemoteM
 	}
 
 	if !opts.noCaddy {
-		d, err := client.NewCaddyDeployment("", api.Placement{})
+		d, err := client.NewCaddyDeployment("", "", api.Placement{})
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("create caddy deployment: %w", err)
 		}

cmd/uncloud/machine/ls.go

@@ -14,25 +14,20 @@ import (
 )
 
 func NewListCommand() *cobra.Command {
-	var clusterContext string
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{
 		Use:     "ls",
 		Aliases: []string{"list"},
 		Short:   "List machines in a cluster.",
 		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 			uncli := cmd.Context().Value("cli").(*cli.CLI)
-			return list(cmd.Context(), uncli, clusterContext)
+			return list(cmd.Context(), uncli)
 		},
 	}
-	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(
-		&clusterContext, "context", "c", "",
-		"Name of the cluster context. (default is the current context)",
-	)
 	return cmd
 }
 
-func list(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, clusterName string) error {
+func list(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI) error {
-	client, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx, clusterName)
+	client, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("connect to cluster: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -46,7 +41,7 @@ func list(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, clusterName string) error {
 	// Print the list of machines in a table format.
 	tw := tabwriter.NewWriter(os.Stdout, 0, 0, 3, ' ', 0)
 	// Print header.
-	if _, err = fmt.Fprintln(tw, "NAME\tSTATE\tADDRESS\tPUBLIC IP\tWIREGUARD ENDPOINTS"); err != nil {
+	if _, err = fmt.Fprintln(tw, "NAME\tSTATE\tADDRESS\tPUBLIC IP\tWIREGUARD ENDPOINTS\tMACHINE ID"); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("write header: %w", err)
 	}
 	// Print rows.
@@ -68,7 +63,8 @@ func list(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, clusterName string) error {
 		}
 
 		if _, err = fmt.Fprintf(
-			tw, "%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\n", m.Name, capitalise(member.State.String()), subnet, publicIP, strings.Join(endpoints, ", "),
+			tw, "%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\n", m.Name, capitalise(member.State.String()), subnet, publicIP,
+			strings.Join(endpoints, ", "), member.Machine.Id,
 		); err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("write row: %w", err)
 		}

cmd/uncloud/machine/rename.go

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+package machine
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+)
+
+func NewRenameCommand() *cobra.Command {
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "rename OLD_NAME NEW_NAME",
+		Short: "Rename a machine in the cluster.",
+		Long: `Rename a machine in the cluster.
+
+This command changes the name of an existing machine while preserving all other
+configuration including network settings, public IP, and cluster membership.`,
+		Args: cobra.ExactArgs(2),
+		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			uncli := cmd.Context().Value("cli").(*cli.CLI)
+			return rename(cmd.Context(), uncli, args[0], args[1])
+		},
+	}
+	return cmd
+}
+
+func rename(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, oldName, newName string) error {
+	client, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer client.Close()
+
+	machine, err := client.RenameMachine(ctx, oldName, newName)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("rename machine: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	fmt.Printf("Machine %q renamed to %q (ID: %s)\n", oldName, machine.Name, machine.Id)
+	return nil
+}

cmd/uncloud/machine/rm.go

@@ -0,0 +1,259 @@
+package machine
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"maps"
+	"slices"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+
+	"github.com/charmbracelet/lipgloss"
+	"github.com/charmbracelet/lipgloss/tree"
+	"github.com/docker/compose/v2/pkg/progress"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/container"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/machine/api/pb"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/api"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+)
+
+type removeOptions struct {
+	noReset bool
+	yes     bool
+}
+
+func NewRmCommand() *cobra.Command {
+	opts := removeOptions{}
+
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:     "rm MACHINE",
+		Aliases: []string{"remove", "delete"},
+		Short:   "Remove a machine from a cluster and reset it.",
+		Args:    cobra.ExactArgs(1),
+		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			uncli := cmd.Context().Value("cli").(*cli.CLI)
+			return remove(cmd.Context(), uncli, args[0], opts)
+		},
+	}
+
+	cmd.Flags().BoolVarP(&opts.yes, "yes", "y", false,
+		"Do not prompt for confirmation before removing the machine.")
+	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&opts.noReset, "no-reset", false,
+		"Do not reset the machine after removing it from the cluster. This will leave all containers and data intact.")
+
+	return cmd
+}
+
+func remove(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, nameOrID string, opts removeOptions) error {
+	// TODO: automatically choose a connection to the machine that is not being removed.
+	client, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("connect to cluster: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer client.Close()
+
+	// Verify the machine exists and list all service containers on it including stopped ones.
+	mctx, machines, err := client.ProxyMachinesContext(ctx, []string{nameOrID})
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if len(machines) == 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("machine '%s' not found in the cluster", nameOrID)
+	}
+	m := machines[0].Machine
+
+	// Verify if the machine being removed is the proxy machine we're connected to.
+	proxyMachine, err := client.MachineClient.Inspect(ctx, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("inspect proxy machine: %w", err)
+	}
+	if proxyMachine.Id == m.Id {
+		allMachines, err := client.ListMachines(ctx, nil)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("list machines: %w", err)
+		}
+		if len(allMachines) > 1 {
+			return errors.New("cannot remove the machine you are currently connected to. " +
+				"Please connect to another machine in the cluster and try again. " +
+				"Use --connect flag or update 'connections' for the cluster context in your Uncloud config")
+			// It's ok to remove the proxy machine if it's the last one in the cluster.
+		}
+	}
+
+	// TODO: mark the machine as being removed and unschedulable when this is possible to prevent new containers
+	//  from being scheduled on it while the removal is in progress.
+
+	reset := !opts.noReset
+	var containers []api.ServiceContainer
+	reachable := false
+	if reset {
+		// Check if the machine is up and has service containers.
+		listOpts := container.ListOptions{All: true}
+		machineContainers, err := client.Docker.ListServiceContainers(mctx, "", listOpts)
+		if err == nil {
+			reachable = true
+			containers = machineContainers[0].Containers
+			if len(containers) > 0 {
+				plural := ""
+				if len(containers) > 1 {
+					plural = "s"
+				}
+				fmt.Printf("Found %d service container%s on machine '%s':\n", len(containers), plural, m.Name)
+				fmt.Println(formatContainerTree(containers))
+				fmt.Println()
+				fmt.Println("This will remove all service containers from the machine, remove it from the cluster, " +
+					"and reset it to the uninitialised state.")
+			} else {
+				fmt.Printf("No service containers found on machine '%s'.\n", m.Name)
+				fmt.Println("This will remove the machine from the cluster and reset it to the uninitialised state.")
+			}
+		} else {
+			fmt.Printf("This will remove machine '%s' from the cluster without resetting it as it's unreachable.\n",
+				m.Name)
+		}
+	} else {
+		fmt.Printf("This will remove machine '%s' from the cluster without resetting it.\n", m.Name)
+	}
+
+	if !opts.yes {
+		confirmed, err := cli.Confirm()
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("confirm removal: %w", err)
+		}
+		if !confirmed {
+			fmt.Println("Cancelled. Machine was not removed.")
+			return nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	if reset && len(containers) > 0 {
+		err = progress.RunWithTitle(ctx, func(ctx context.Context) error {
+			return removeContainers(ctx, client, containers)
+		}, uncli.ProgressOut(), "Removing containers")
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("remove containers: %w", err)
+		}
+		fmt.Println()
+	}
+
+	if _, err = client.RemoveMachine(ctx, &pb.RemoveMachineRequest{Id: m.Id}); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("remove machine from cluster: %w", err)
+	}
+	fmt.Printf("Machine '%s' removed from the cluster.\n", m.Name)
+
+	if reset && reachable {
+		_, err = client.MachineClient.Reset(mctx, &pb.ResetRequest{})
+		if err != nil {
+			fmt.Printf("WARNING: Failed to reset machine: %v\n", err)
+		} else {
+			fmt.Println("Machine reset initiated and will complete in the background.")
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Remove the connection to the machine from the uncloud config if it exists.
+	if uncli.Config != nil {
+		contextName := uncli.GetContextOverrideOrCurrent()
+		if context, ok := uncli.Config.Contexts[contextName]; ok {
+			for i, c := range context.Connections {
+				if c.MachineID == m.Id {
+					context.Connections = slices.Delete(context.Connections, i, i+1)
+					break
+				}
+			}
+			if err := uncli.Config.Save(); err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("save config: %w", err)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// TODO: If Caddy was running on this machine and a cluster domain is reserved,
+	//  let the user know that the DNS records should be updated.
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// formatContainerTree formats a list of containers grouped by service as a tree structure.
+func formatContainerTree(containers []api.ServiceContainer) string {
+	if len(containers) == 0 {
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	// Group containers by service.
+	serviceContainers := make(map[string][]api.ServiceContainer)
+	for _, ctr := range containers {
+		serviceName := ctr.ServiceName()
+		serviceContainers[serviceName] = append(serviceContainers[serviceName], ctr)
+	}
+
+	// Build tree output.
+	var output []string
+	serviceNames := slices.Sorted(maps.Keys(serviceContainers))
+	for _, serviceName := range serviceNames {
+		ctrs := serviceContainers[serviceName]
+		mode := ctrs[0].ServiceMode()
+
+		// Format a tree for the service with its containers.
+		plural := ""
+		if len(ctrs) > 1 {
+			plural = "s"
+		}
+		t := tree.Root(fmt.Sprintf("• %s (%s, %d container%s)", serviceName, mode, len(ctrs), plural)).
+			EnumeratorStyle(lipgloss.NewStyle().MarginLeft(2).MarginRight(1))
+
+		// Add containers as children.
+		for _, ctr := range ctrs {
+			state, _ := ctr.HumanState()
+			info := fmt.Sprintf("%s • %s • %s", ctr.Name, ctr.Config.Image, state)
+			t.Child(info)
+		}
+
+		output = append(output, t.String())
+	}
+
+	return strings.Join(output, "\n")
+}
+
+// removeContainers removes the given service containers from the machine.
+func removeContainers(ctx context.Context, client api.Client, containers []api.ServiceContainer) error {
+	if len(containers) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	wg := sync.WaitGroup{}
+	errCh := make(chan error)
+
+	for _, ctr := range containers {
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func(c api.ServiceContainer) {
+			defer wg.Done()
+
+			// Gracefully stop the container before removing it.
+			err := client.StopContainer(ctx, c.ServiceID(), c.ID, container.StopOptions{})
+			if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, api.ErrNotFound) {
+				errCh <- fmt.Errorf("stop container '%s': %w", c.ID, err)
+			}
+
+			err = client.RemoveContainer(ctx, c.ServiceID(), c.ID, container.RemoveOptions{
+				// Remove anonymous volumes created by the container.
+				RemoveVolumes: true,
+			})
+			if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, api.ErrNotFound) {
+				errCh <- fmt.Errorf("remove container '%s': %w", c.ID, err)
+			}
+		}(ctr)
+	}
+
+	go func() {
+		wg.Wait()
+		close(errCh)
+	}()
+
+	var err error
+	for e := range errCh {
+		err = errors.Join(err, e)
+	}
+
+	return err
+}

cmd/uncloud/machine/root.go

@@ -6,13 +6,17 @@ import (
 
 func NewRootCommand() *cobra.Command {
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{
-		Use:   "machine",
+		Use:     "machine",
-		Short: "Manage machines in an Uncloud cluster.",
+		Aliases: []string{"m"},
+		Short:   "Manage machines in the cluster.",
 	}
 	cmd.AddCommand(
 		NewAddCommand(),
 		NewInitCommand(),
 		NewListCommand(),
+		NewRenameCommand(),
+		NewRmCommand(),
+		NewUpdateCommand(),
 		NewTokenCommand(),
 	)
 	return cmd

cmd/uncloud/machine/token.go

@@ -2,9 +2,10 @@ package machine
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
-	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/daemon"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/machine"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
 
 type tokenOptions struct {

cmd/uncloud/machine/update.go

@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+package machine
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/netip"
+
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/machine/api/pb"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+)
+
+type updateOptions struct {
+	name     string
+	publicIP string
+}
+
+func NewUpdateCommand() *cobra.Command {
+	opts := updateOptions{}
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "update",
+		Short: "Update machine configuration in the cluster.",
+		Long: `Update machine configuration in the cluster.
+
+This command allows setting various machine properties including:
+- Machine name (--name)
+- Public IP address (--public-ip)
+
+At least one flag must be specified to perform an update operation.`,
+		Args: cobra.ExactArgs(1),
+		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			uncli := cmd.Context().Value("cli").(*cli.CLI)
+			return update(cmd.Context(), uncli, cmd, opts, args[0])
+		},
+	}
+
+	cmd.Flags().StringVar(
+		&opts.name, "name", "",
+		"New name for the machine",
+	)
+	cmd.Flags().StringVar(
+		&opts.publicIP, "public-ip", "",
+		fmt.Sprintf("Public IP address of the machine for ingress configuration. Use '%s' or '' to remove the public IP.", PublicIPNone),
+	)
+
+	return cmd
+}
+
+func update(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, cmd *cobra.Command, opts updateOptions, machineNameOrID string) error {
+	// Check if at least one flag was explicitly set
+	if !cmd.Flags().Changed("name") && !cmd.Flags().Changed("public-ip") {
+		return fmt.Errorf("at least one update flag must be specified (--name, --public-ip)")
+	}
+
+	client, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer client.Close()
+
+	// First, resolve the machine to get its ID
+	machine, err := client.InspectMachine(ctx, machineNameOrID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("find machine: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Build the update request
+	req := &pb.UpdateMachineRequest{
+		MachineId: machine.Machine.Id,
+	}
+
+	if opts.name != "" {
+		req.Name = &opts.name
+	}
+
+	// Check if --public-ip flag was explicitly provided
+	if cmd.Flags().Changed("public-ip") {
+		if opts.publicIP == "" || opts.publicIP == PublicIPNone {
+			req.PublicIp = &pb.IP{} // Empty IP to signal removal
+		} else {
+			// Parse and validate the public IP
+			ip, err := netip.ParseAddr(opts.publicIP)
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("invalid public IP address %q: %w", opts.publicIP, err)
+			}
+			req.PublicIp = pb.NewIP(ip)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Perform the update operation
+	updatedMachine, err := client.UpdateMachine(ctx, req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("update machine: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Report what was changed
+	changes := make([]string, 0)
+	if opts.name != "" {
+		changes = append(changes, fmt.Sprintf("name: %q -> %q", machine.Machine.Name, updatedMachine.Name))
+	}
+	if cmd.Flags().Changed("public-ip") {
+		oldIP := PublicIPNone
+		if machine.Machine.PublicIp != nil {
+			if addr, err := machine.Machine.PublicIp.ToAddr(); err == nil {
+				oldIP = addr.String()
+			}
+		}
+		newIP := PublicIPNone
+		if updatedMachine.PublicIp != nil {
+			if addr, err := updatedMachine.PublicIp.ToAddr(); err == nil {
+				newIP = addr.String()
+			}
+		}
+		changes = append(changes, fmt.Sprintf("public IP: %s -> %s", oldIP, newIP))
+	}
+
+	fmt.Printf("Machine %q (ID: %s) configuration updated:\n", updatedMachine.Name, updatedMachine.Id)
+	for _, change := range changes {
+		fmt.Printf("  %s\n", change)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}

cmd/uncloud/main.go

@@ -6,15 +6,18 @@ import (
 	"net/netip"
 	"strings"
 
+	"github.com/charmbracelet/lipgloss"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/cmd/uncloud/caddy"
 	cmdcontext "github.com/psviderski/uncloud/cmd/uncloud/context"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/cmd/uncloud/dns"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/cmd/uncloud/image"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/cmd/uncloud/machine"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/cmd/uncloud/service"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/cmd/uncloud/volume"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli/config"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/fs"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/log"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/version"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
@@ -22,17 +25,24 @@ import (
 type globalOptions struct {
 	configPath string
 	connect    string
+	context    string
 }
 
 func main() {
+	log.InitLoggerFromEnv()
+
 	opts := globalOptions{}
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{
-		Use:           "uncloud",
+		Use:           "uc",
-		Short:         "A CLI tool for managing Uncloud resources such as clusters, machines, and services.",
+		Short:         "A CLI tool for managing Uncloud resources such as machines, services, and volumes.",
 		Version:       version.String(),
 		SilenceUsage:  true,
 		SilenceErrors: true,
 		PersistentPreRunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			cli.BindEnvToFlag(cmd, "connect", "UNCLOUD_CONNECT")
+			cli.BindEnvToFlag(cmd, "uncloud-config", "UNCLOUD_CONFIG")
+			cli.BindEnvToFlag(cmd, "context", "UNCLOUD_CONTEXT")
+
 			var conn *config.MachineConnection
 			if opts.connect != "" {
 				if strings.HasPrefix(opts.connect, "tcp://") {
@@ -43,11 +53,17 @@ func main() {
 					conn = &config.MachineConnection{
 						TCP: &addrPort,
 					}
-				} else {
+				} else if strings.HasPrefix(opts.connect, "ssh+cli://") {
-					dest := opts.connect
+					dest := opts.connect[len("ssh+cli://"):]
-					if strings.HasPrefix(dest, "ssh://") {
+					conn = &config.MachineConnection{
-						dest = dest[len("ssh://"):]
+						SSHCLI: config.SSHDestination(dest),
 					}
+				} else if strings.HasPrefix(opts.connect, "unix://") {
+					conn = &config.MachineConnection{
+						Unix: opts.connect[len("unix://"):],
+					}
+				} else {
+					dest := strings.TrimPrefix(opts.connect, "ssh://")
 					conn = &config.MachineConnection{
 						SSH: config.SSHDestination(dest),
 					}
@@ -55,7 +71,7 @@ func main() {
 			}
 
 			configPath := fs.ExpandHomeDir(opts.configPath)
-			uncli, err := cli.New(configPath, conn)
+			uncli, err := cli.New(configPath, conn, opts.context)
 			if err != nil {
 				return fmt.Errorf("initialise CLI: %w", err)
 			}
@@ -65,26 +81,58 @@ func main() {
 	}
 
 	cmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&opts.connect, "connect", "",
-		"Connect to a remote cluster machine without using the Uncloud configuration file.\n"+
+		"Connect to a remote cluster machine without using the Uncloud configuration file. [$UNCLOUD_CONNECT]\n"+
-			"Format: [ssh://]user@host[:port] or tcp://host:port")
+			"Format: [ssh://]user@host[:port], ssh+cli://user@host[:port], tcp://host:port, or unix:///path/to/uncloud.sock")
-	// TODO: allow to override using UNCLOUD_CONFIG env var.
 	cmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&opts.configPath, "uncloud-config", "~/.config/uncloud/config.yaml",
-		"Path to the Uncloud configuration file.")
+		"Path to the Uncloud configuration file. [$UNCLOUD_CONFIG]")
 	_ = cmd.MarkPersistentFlagFilename("uncloud-config", "yaml", "yml")
-	// TODO: make --context a global flag and pass it as a value of the command context.
+	cmd.PersistentFlags().StringVarP(&opts.context, "context", "c", "",
+		"Name of the cluster context to use (default is the current context). [$UNCLOUD_CONTEXT]")
+
+	// Set custom help function to show links to docs and Discord only for the root 'uc' command.
+	defaultHelpFunc := cmd.HelpFunc()
+	cmd.SetHelpFunc(func(c *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+		defaultHelpFunc(c, args)
+		// Only show links for the root 'uc' command.
+		if c.Name() == "uc" {
+			urlStyle := lipgloss.NewStyle().
+				Underline(true).
+				Foreground(lipgloss.Color("12")) // light blue
+
+			fmt.Fprintln(c.OutOrStdout())
+			fmt.Fprintf(c.OutOrStdout(), "Learn more about Uncloud:       %s\n",
+				urlStyle.Render("https://uncloud.run/docs"))
+			fmt.Fprintf(c.OutOrStdout(), "Join our Discord community:     %s\n",
+				urlStyle.Render("https://uncloud.run/discord"))
+		}
+	})
+
+	cmd.AddGroup(&cobra.Group{
+		ID:    "service",
+		Title: "Deploy and manage services:",
+	})
 
 	cmd.AddCommand(
+		NewBuildCommand(),
 		NewDeployCommand(),
+		NewDocsCommand(),
+		NewImagesCommand(),
+		NewPsCommand(),
 		caddy.NewRootCommand(),
 		cmdcontext.NewRootCommand(),
 		dns.NewRootCommand(),
+		image.NewRootCommand(),
 		machine.NewRootCommand(),
 		service.NewRootCommand(),
-		service.NewInspectCommand(),
+		service.NewExecCommand("service"),
-		service.NewListCommand(),
+		service.NewInspectCommand("service"),
-		service.NewRmCommand(),
+		service.NewListCommand("service"),
-		service.NewRunCommand(),
+		service.NewLogsCommand("service"),
-		service.NewScaleCommand(),
+		service.NewRmCommand("service"),
+		service.NewRunCommand("service"),
+		service.NewScaleCommand("service"),
+		service.NewStartCommand("service"),
+		service.NewStopCommand("service"),
 		volume.NewRootCommand(),
 	)
 	cobra.CheckErr(cmd.Execute())

cmd/uncloud/ps.go

@@ -0,0 +1,284 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"sort"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/charmbracelet/huh/spinner"
+	"github.com/charmbracelet/lipgloss"
+	"github.com/charmbracelet/lipgloss/table"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/container"
+	"github.com/docker/go-units"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/client"
+)
+
+const (
+	sortByService = "service"
+	sortByMachine = "machine"
+	sortByHealth  = "health"
+)
+
+type containerHighlight int
+
+const (
+	highlightDanger containerHighlight = iota
+	highlightWarning
+	highlightSuccess
+	highlightNormal
+)
+
+type psOptions struct {
+	sortBy string
+}
+
+func NewPsCommand() *cobra.Command {
+	opts := psOptions{}
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "ps",
+		Short: "List all service containers.",
+		Long: `List all service containers across all machines in the cluster.
+
+This command provides a comprehensive overview of all running containers that are part of a service,
+making it easy to see the distribution and status of containers across the cluster.`,
+		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			uncli := cmd.Context().Value("cli").(*cli.CLI)
+
+			if opts.sortBy != sortByService && opts.sortBy != sortByMachine && opts.sortBy != sortByHealth {
+				return fmt.Errorf("invalid value for --sort: %q, must be one of '%s', '%s' or '%s'", opts.sortBy,
+					sortByService, sortByMachine, sortByHealth)
+			}
+
+			return runPs(cmd.Context(), uncli, opts)
+		},
+		GroupID: "service",
+	}
+	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(&opts.sortBy, "sort", "s", sortByService,
+		"Sort containers by 'service', 'machine', or 'health'.")
+	return cmd
+}
+
+type containerInfo struct {
+	serviceName string
+	machineName string
+	id          string
+	name        string
+	image       string
+	status      string
+	highlight   containerHighlight
+	created     time.Time
+	ip          string
+}
+
+func runPs(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts psOptions) error {
+	clusterClient, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("connect to cluster: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer clusterClient.Close()
+
+	var containers []containerInfo
+	err = spinner.New().
+		Title(" Collecting container info...").
+		Type(spinner.MiniDot).
+		Style(lipgloss.NewStyle().Foreground(lipgloss.Color("3"))).
+		ActionWithErr(func(ctx context.Context) error {
+			containers, err = collectContainers(ctx, clusterClient)
+			return err
+		}).
+		Run()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("collect containers: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Sort the containers based on the sorting option.
+	sort.SliceStable(containers, func(i, j int) bool {
+		a, b := containers[i], containers[j]
+		switch opts.sortBy {
+		case sortByHealth:
+			if a.highlight != b.highlight {
+				return a.highlight < b.highlight
+			}
+			if a.serviceName != b.serviceName {
+				return a.serviceName < b.serviceName
+			}
+		case sortByMachine:
+			if a.machineName != b.machineName {
+				return a.machineName < b.machineName
+			}
+			if a.serviceName != b.serviceName {
+				return a.serviceName < b.serviceName
+			}
+		default: // sortByService
+			if a.serviceName != b.serviceName {
+				return a.serviceName < b.serviceName
+			}
+		}
+		// Fallback to creation time (newest first).
+		return a.created.After(b.created)
+	})
+
+	return printContainers(containers)
+}
+
+func printContainers(containers []containerInfo) error {
+	t := table.New().
+		// Remove the default border.
+		Border(lipgloss.Border{}).
+		BorderTop(false).
+		BorderBottom(false).
+		BorderLeft(false).
+		BorderRight(false).
+		BorderHeader(false).
+		BorderColumn(false).
+		StyleFunc(func(row, col int) lipgloss.Style {
+			if row == table.HeaderRow {
+				return lipgloss.NewStyle().Bold(true).PaddingRight(3)
+			}
+			// Regular style for data rows with padding.
+			return lipgloss.NewStyle().PaddingRight(3)
+		})
+
+	t.Headers("SERVICE", "CONTAINER ID", "CONTAINER NAME", "IMAGE", "CREATED", "STATUS", "IP ADDRESS", "MACHINE")
+
+	for _, ctr := range containers {
+		id := ctr.id
+		if len(id) > 12 {
+			id = id[:12]
+		}
+
+		created := units.HumanDuration(time.Now().UTC().Sub(ctr.created)) + " ago"
+
+		var statusStyle lipgloss.Style
+		switch ctr.highlight {
+		case highlightSuccess:
+			statusStyle = lipgloss.NewStyle().Foreground(lipgloss.Color("2")) // Green
+		case highlightDanger:
+			statusStyle = lipgloss.NewStyle().Foreground(lipgloss.Color("1")) // Red
+		case highlightWarning:
+			statusStyle = lipgloss.NewStyle().Foreground(lipgloss.Color("3")) // Yellow
+		default:
+			statusStyle = lipgloss.NewStyle() // Default
+		}
+
+		t.Row(
+			ctr.serviceName,
+			id,
+			ctr.name,
+			ctr.image,
+			created,
+			statusStyle.Render(ctr.status),
+			ctr.ip,
+			ctr.machineName,
+		)
+	}
+
+	fmt.Println(t)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func collectContainers(ctx context.Context, cli *client.Client) ([]containerInfo, error) {
+	listCtx, machines, err := cli.ProxyMachinesContext(ctx, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("proxy machines context: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Create a map of IP to machine name for resolving response metadata
+	machinesNamesByIP := make(map[string]string)
+	for _, m := range machines {
+		if addr, err := m.Machine.Network.ManagementIp.ToAddr(); err == nil {
+			machinesNamesByIP[addr.String()] = m.Machine.Name
+		}
+	}
+
+	// List all service containers across all machines in the cluster.
+	machineContainers, err := cli.Docker.ListServiceContainers(
+		listCtx, "", container.ListOptions{All: true},
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("list service containers: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	var containers []containerInfo
+	for _, msc := range machineContainers {
+		machineName := "unknown"
+
+		// Metadata can be nil if the request was broadcasted to only one machine.
+		if msc.Metadata == nil && len(machineContainers) > 1 {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("something went wrong with gRPC proxy: metadata is missing for a machine response")
+		}
+		if msc.Metadata != nil && msc.Metadata.Error != "" {
+			client.PrintWarning(fmt.Sprintf("failed to list containers on machine %s: %s", machineName,
+				msc.Metadata.Error))
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if msc.Metadata != nil {
+			var ok bool
+			machineName, ok = machinesNamesByIP[msc.Metadata.Machine]
+			if !ok {
+				// Fallback to machine's IP as name.
+				machineName = msc.Metadata.Machine
+			}
+		} else {
+			// Fallback to the first available machine name.
+			if len(machines) > 0 {
+				machineName = machines[0].Machine.Name
+			}
+		}
+
+		for _, ctr := range msc.Containers {
+			if ctr.Container.State == nil || ctr.Container.Config == nil {
+				continue
+			}
+
+			status, err := ctr.Container.HumanState()
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("get human state for container %s: %w", ctr.Container.ID, err)
+			}
+
+			var highlight containerHighlight
+			healthStatus := ""
+			if ctr.Container.State.Health != nil {
+				healthStatus = ctr.Container.State.Health.Status
+			}
+
+			if healthStatus == container.Unhealthy || ctr.Container.State.Status == "dead" || ctr.Container.State.OOMKilled || ctr.Container.State.Dead {
+				highlight = highlightDanger
+			} else if healthStatus == container.Healthy {
+				highlight = highlightSuccess
+			} else if ctr.Container.State.Status == "running" {
+				highlight = highlightNormal
+			} else { // Other non-critical but noteworthy states
+				highlight = highlightWarning
+			}
+
+			created, _ := time.Parse(time.RFC3339Nano, ctr.Container.Created)
+
+			ip := ctr.Container.UncloudNetworkIP()
+			ipStr := ""
+			// The container might not have an IP if it's not running or uses the host network.
+			if ip.IsValid() {
+				ipStr = ip.String()
+			}
+
+			info := containerInfo{
+				serviceName: ctr.ServiceName(),
+				machineName: machineName,
+				id:          ctr.Container.ID,
+				name:        ctr.Container.Name,
+				image:       ctr.Container.Config.Image,
+				status:      status,
+				highlight:   highlight,
+				created:     created,
+				ip:          ipStr,
+			}
+			containers = append(containers, info)
+		}
+	}
+	return containers, nil
+}

cmd/uncloud/ps_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,442 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/machine/api/pb"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/machine/docker"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/client"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc"
+	"google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/emptypb"
+)
+
+// mockDockerClient implements pb.DockerClient
+type mockDockerClient struct {
+	pb.DockerClient // Embed to avoid implementing all methods
+	listResp        *pb.ListServiceContainersResponse
+	listErr         error
+}
+
+func (m *mockDockerClient) ListServiceContainers(ctx context.Context, in *pb.ListServiceContainersRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*pb.ListServiceContainersResponse, error) {
+	return m.listResp, m.listErr
+}
+
+// mockClusterClient implements pb.ClusterClient
+type mockClusterClient struct {
+	pb.ClusterClient // Embed to avoid implementing all methods
+	machinesResp     *pb.ListMachinesResponse
+	machinesErr      error
+}
+
+func (m *mockClusterClient) ListMachines(ctx context.Context, in *emptypb.Empty, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*pb.ListMachinesResponse, error) {
+	return m.machinesResp, m.machinesErr
+}
+
+func TestCollectContainers_NilMetadata(t *testing.T) {
+	// Setup container data
+	containerData := map[string]interface{}{
+		"Id":   "container1",
+		"Name": "test-container",
+		"Config": map[string]interface{}{
+			"Image": "test-image",
+		},
+		"State": map[string]interface{}{
+			"Status":     "running",
+			"StartedAt":  "2023-01-01T12:00:00Z",
+			"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z",
+		},
+		"NetworkSettings": map[string]interface{}{
+			"Networks": map[string]interface{}{},
+		},
+	}
+	containerJSON, err := json.Marshal(containerData)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	serviceSpecJSON, err := json.Marshal(map[string]interface{}{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Setup mocks
+	mockDocker := &mockDockerClient{
+		listResp: &pb.ListServiceContainersResponse{
+			Messages: []*pb.MachineServiceContainers{
+				{
+					Metadata: nil, // Simulating the issue: nil metadata
+					Containers: []*pb.ServiceContainer{
+						{
+							Container:   containerJSON,
+							ServiceSpec: serviceSpecJSON,
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	machineIP := "10.0.0.1"
+	mockCluster := &mockClusterClient{
+		machinesResp: &pb.ListMachinesResponse{
+			Machines: []*pb.MachineMember{
+				{
+					Machine: &pb.MachineInfo{
+						Name: "machine-1",
+						Network: &pb.NetworkConfig{
+							ManagementIp: pb.NewIP(netip.MustParseAddr(machineIP)),
+						},
+					},
+					State: pb.MachineMember_UP,
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	// Construct client with mocks
+	cli := &client.Client{
+		Docker: &docker.Client{
+			GRPCClient: mockDocker,
+		},
+		ClusterClient: mockCluster,
+	}
+
+	// Execute
+	containers, err := collectContainers(context.Background(), cli)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Verify
+	assert.Len(t, containers, 1)
+	if len(containers) > 0 {
+		c := containers[0]
+		assert.Equal(t, "container1", c.id)
+		assert.Equal(t, "test-container", c.name)
+		assert.Equal(t, "machine-1", c.machineName, "Should fall back to the single machine name when metadata is nil")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCollectContainers_NilMetadata_MultipleMachines_Error(t *testing.T) {
+	// If we have multiple machines but receive nil metadata, it should return an error as it is ambiguous
+
+	// Setup container data
+	containerData1 := map[string]interface{}{
+		"Id": "container1",
+	}
+	containerJSON1, _ := json.Marshal(containerData1)
+
+	containerData2 := map[string]interface{}{
+		"Id": "container2",
+		"Config": map[string]interface{}{
+			"Image": "test-image",
+		},
+		"State": map[string]interface{}{
+			"Status":     "running",
+			"StartedAt":  "2023-01-01T12:00:00Z",
+			"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z",
+		},
+		"NetworkSettings": map[string]interface{}{
+			"Networks": map[string]interface{}{},
+		},
+	}
+	containerJSON2, _ := json.Marshal(containerData2)
+
+	serviceSpecJSON, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]interface{}{})
+
+	// Setup mocks
+	mockDocker := &mockDockerClient{
+		listResp: &pb.ListServiceContainersResponse{
+			Messages: []*pb.MachineServiceContainers{
+				{
+					Metadata: nil, // Nil metadata
+					Containers: []*pb.ServiceContainer{
+						{
+							Container:   containerJSON1,
+							ServiceSpec: serviceSpecJSON,
+						},
+					},
+				},
+				{
+					Metadata: &pb.Metadata{Machine: "10.0.0.2"},
+					Containers: []*pb.ServiceContainer{
+						{
+							Container:   containerJSON2,
+							ServiceSpec: serviceSpecJSON,
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	mockCluster := &mockClusterClient{
+		machinesResp: &pb.ListMachinesResponse{
+			Machines: []*pb.MachineMember{
+				{
+					Machine: &pb.MachineInfo{
+						Name: "machine-1",
+						Network: &pb.NetworkConfig{
+							ManagementIp: pb.NewIP(netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.0.1")),
+						},
+					},
+				},
+				{
+					Machine: &pb.MachineInfo{
+						Name: "machine-2",
+						Network: &pb.NetworkConfig{
+							ManagementIp: pb.NewIP(netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.0.2")),
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	// Construct client with mocks
+	cli := &client.Client{
+		Docker: &docker.Client{
+			GRPCClient: mockDocker,
+		},
+		ClusterClient: mockCluster,
+	}
+
+	// Execute
+	_, err := collectContainers(context.Background(), cli)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "metadata is missing for a machine response")
+}
+
+func TestCollectContainers_MetadataPresent_MultipleMachines(t *testing.T) {
+	// Verify correct mapping of containers to machines when metadata is present
+
+	// Setup container data
+	containerData1 := map[string]interface{}{
+		"Id":   "container1",
+		"Name": "container-1",
+		"Config": map[string]interface{}{
+			"Image": "image-1",
+		},
+		"State": map[string]interface{}{
+			"Status":     "running",
+			"StartedAt":  "2023-01-01T12:00:00Z",
+			"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z",
+		},
+		"NetworkSettings": map[string]interface{}{
+			"Networks": map[string]interface{}{},
+		},
+	}
+	containerJSON1, _ := json.Marshal(containerData1)
+
+	containerData2 := map[string]interface{}{
+		"Id":   "container2",
+		"Name": "container-2",
+		"Config": map[string]interface{}{
+			"Image": "image-2",
+		},
+		"State": map[string]interface{}{
+			"Status":     "running",
+			"StartedAt":  "2023-01-01T12:00:00Z",
+			"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z",
+		},
+		"NetworkSettings": map[string]interface{}{
+			"Networks": map[string]interface{}{},
+		},
+	}
+	containerJSON2, _ := json.Marshal(containerData2)
+
+	serviceSpecJSON, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]interface{}{})
+
+	// Setup mocks
+	mockDocker := &mockDockerClient{
+		listResp: &pb.ListServiceContainersResponse{
+			Messages: []*pb.MachineServiceContainers{
+				{
+					Metadata: &pb.Metadata{Machine: "10.0.0.1"},
+					Containers: []*pb.ServiceContainer{
+						{
+							Container:   containerJSON1,
+							ServiceSpec: serviceSpecJSON,
+						},
+					},
+				},
+				{
+					Metadata: &pb.Metadata{Machine: "10.0.0.2"},
+					Containers: []*pb.ServiceContainer{
+						{
+							Container:   containerJSON2,
+							ServiceSpec: serviceSpecJSON,
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	mockCluster := &mockClusterClient{
+		machinesResp: &pb.ListMachinesResponse{
+			Machines: []*pb.MachineMember{
+				{
+					Machine: &pb.MachineInfo{
+						Name: "machine-1",
+						Network: &pb.NetworkConfig{
+							ManagementIp: pb.NewIP(netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.0.1")),
+						},
+					},
+				},
+				{
+					Machine: &pb.MachineInfo{
+						Name: "machine-2",
+						Network: &pb.NetworkConfig{
+							ManagementIp: pb.NewIP(netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.0.2")),
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	cli := &client.Client{
+		Docker:        &docker.Client{GRPCClient: mockDocker},
+		ClusterClient: mockCluster,
+	}
+
+	containers, err := collectContainers(context.Background(), cli)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	assert.Len(t, containers, 2)
+	// Order is not guaranteed by the map iteration in logic or parallel fetch (though here it's mocked sequential),
+	// but collectContainers just appends.
+	// We'll find them by ID.
+	for _, c := range containers {
+		if c.id == "container1" {
+			assert.Equal(t, "machine-1", c.machineName)
+		} else if c.id == "container2" {
+			assert.Equal(t, "machine-2", c.machineName)
+		} else {
+			t.Errorf("unexpected container id: %s", c.id)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCollectContainers_NilMetadata_NoMachines(t *testing.T) {
+	// Case: 1 msc with nil metadata but no machines at all
+
+	containerData := map[string]interface{}{
+		"Id": "container1",
+		"Config": map[string]interface{}{
+			"Image": "test-image",
+		},
+		"State": map[string]interface{}{
+			"Status":     "running",
+			"StartedAt":  "2023-01-01T12:00:00Z",
+			"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z",
+		},
+		"NetworkSettings": map[string]interface{}{
+			"Networks": map[string]interface{}{},
+		},
+	}
+	containerJSON, _ := json.Marshal(containerData)
+	serviceSpecJSON, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]interface{}{})
+
+	mockDocker := &mockDockerClient{
+		listResp: &pb.ListServiceContainersResponse{
+			Messages: []*pb.MachineServiceContainers{
+				{
+					Metadata: nil,
+					Containers: []*pb.ServiceContainer{
+						{
+							Container:   containerJSON,
+							ServiceSpec: serviceSpecJSON,
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	// No machines in cluster response
+	mockCluster := &mockClusterClient{
+		machinesResp: &pb.ListMachinesResponse{
+			Machines: []*pb.MachineMember{},
+		},
+	}
+
+	cli := &client.Client{
+		Docker:        &docker.Client{GRPCClient: mockDocker},
+		ClusterClient: mockCluster,
+	}
+
+	containers, err := collectContainers(context.Background(), cli)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	assert.Len(t, containers, 1)
+	if len(containers) > 0 {
+		assert.Equal(t, "unknown", containers[0].machineName)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCollectContainers_MetadataPresent_NotInMapping(t *testing.T) {
+	// Case: msc with metadata that is not in the IP-to-name mapping
+
+	containerData := map[string]interface{}{
+		"Id": "container1",
+		"Config": map[string]interface{}{
+			"Image": "test-image",
+		},
+		"State": map[string]interface{}{
+			"Status":     "running",
+			"StartedAt":  "2023-01-01T12:00:00Z",
+			"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z",
+		},
+		"NetworkSettings": map[string]interface{}{
+			"Networks": map[string]interface{}{},
+		},
+	}
+	containerJSON, _ := json.Marshal(containerData)
+	serviceSpecJSON, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]interface{}{})
+
+	mockDocker := &mockDockerClient{
+		listResp: &pb.ListServiceContainersResponse{
+			Messages: []*pb.MachineServiceContainers{
+				{
+					Metadata: &pb.Metadata{Machine: "10.0.0.99"}, // Unknown IP
+					Containers: []*pb.ServiceContainer{
+						{
+							Container:   containerJSON,
+							ServiceSpec: serviceSpecJSON,
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	mockCluster := &mockClusterClient{
+		machinesResp: &pb.ListMachinesResponse{
+			Machines: []*pb.MachineMember{
+				{
+					Machine: &pb.MachineInfo{
+						Name: "machine-1",
+						Network: &pb.NetworkConfig{
+							ManagementIp: pb.NewIP(netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.0.1")),
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	cli := &client.Client{
+		Docker:        &docker.Client{GRPCClient: mockDocker},
+		ClusterClient: mockCluster,
+	}
+
+	containers, err := collectContainers(context.Background(), cli)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	assert.Len(t, containers, 1)
+	if len(containers) > 0 {
+		// Should fallback to the IP/string in metadata
+		assert.Equal(t, "10.0.0.99", containers[0].machineName)
+	}
+}

cmd/uncloud/service/exec.go

@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+package service
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+
+	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/streams"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/api"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+)
+
+type execCliOptions struct {
+	detach      bool
+	interactive bool
+	noTty       bool
+	containerId string
+}
+
+var DEFAULT_COMMAND = []string{"sh", "-c", "command -v bash >/dev/null 2>&1 && exec bash || exec sh"}
+
+func NewExecCommand(groupID string) *cobra.Command {
+	opts := execCliOptions{}
+
+	execCmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "exec [OPTIONS] SERVICE [COMMAND ARGS...]",
+		Short: "Execute a command in a running service container.",
+		Long: `Execute a command (interactive shell by default) in a running container within a service.
+If the service has multiple replicas and no container ID is specified, the command will be executed in a random container.
+	`,
+		Example: `
+  # Start an interactive shell ("bash" or "sh" will be tried by default)
+  uc exec web-service
+
+  # Start an interactive shell with explicit command
+  uc exec web-service /bin/zsh
+
+  # List files in the specific container of the service; --container accepts full ID or a (unique) prefix
+  uc exec --container d792e web-service ls -la
+
+  # Pipe input to a command inside the service container
+  cat backup.sql | uc exec -T db-service psql -U postgres mydb
+
+  # Run a task in the background (detached mode)
+  uc exec -d web-service /scripts/cleanup.sh`,
+		Args: cobra.MinimumNArgs(1),
+		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			uncli := cmd.Context().Value("cli").(*cli.CLI)
+			serviceName := args[0]
+			command := args[1:]
+			if len(command) == 0 {
+				command = DEFAULT_COMMAND
+			}
+			return runExec(cmd.Context(), uncli, serviceName, command, opts)
+		},
+		GroupID: groupID,
+	}
+
+	execCmd.Flags().BoolVarP(&opts.detach, "detach", "d", false, "Detached mode: run command in the background")
+
+	execCmd.Flags().BoolVarP(&opts.noTty, "no-tty", "T", !cli.IsStdoutTerminal(),
+		"Disable pseudo-TTY allocation. By default 'uc exec' allocates a TTY when connected to a terminal.")
+
+	// Keep "-i" and "-t" flags hidden for compatibility with docker exec
+	execCmd.Flags().BoolVarP(&opts.interactive, "interactive", "i", true, "Keep STDIN open even if not attached")
+	execCmd.Flags().MarkHidden("interactive")
+
+	execCmd.Flags().BoolP("tty", "t", false, "Allocate a pseudo-TTY")
+	execCmd.Flags().MarkHidden("tty")
+
+	// Common flags
+	execCmd.Flags().StringVar(&opts.containerId, "container", "",
+		"ID of the container to exec into. Accepts full ID or a unique prefix "+
+			"(default is the random container of the service)")
+
+	// This tells Cobra that all flags must come before positional arguments, so that
+	// commands with their own flags can be handled correctly.
+	execCmd.Flags().SetInterspersed(false)
+
+	return execCmd
+}
+
+func runExec(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, serviceName string, command []string, opts execCliOptions) error {
+	if !opts.detach {
+		// Check if we're trying to attach to a TTY from a non-TTY client, e.g.
+		// when doing an 'cmd | uc exec ...'
+		stdin := streams.NewIn(os.Stdin)
+		// TODO: this logic/behavior mirrors docker-compose, but we can be smarter about it and detect TTY dynamically
+		if err := stdin.CheckTty(opts.interactive, !opts.noTty); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("check TTY: %w; use -T option to disable TTY allocation", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	client, err := uncli.ConnectClusterWithOptions(ctx, cli.ConnectOptions{
+		ShowProgress: false,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("connect to cluster: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer client.Close()
+
+	execConfig := api.ExecOptions{
+		Command:     command,
+		AttachStdin: opts.interactive,
+		Tty:         !opts.noTty,
+		Detach:      opts.detach,
+	}
+
+	if !opts.detach {
+		execConfig.AttachStdout = true
+		execConfig.AttachStderr = true
+	}
+
+	exitCode, err := client.ExecContainer(ctx, serviceName, opts.containerId, execConfig)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("exec container: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// For non-detached mode, exit with the same code as the executed command
+	if !opts.detach {
+		if exitCode != 0 {
+			os.Exit(exitCode)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}

cmd/uncloud/service/inspect.go

@@ -4,25 +4,25 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
+	"slices"
 	"text/tabwriter"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/docker/docker/pkg/stringid"
 	"github.com/docker/go-units"
-
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/api"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
 
 type inspectOptions struct {
 	service string
-	cluster string
 }
 
-func NewInspectCommand() *cobra.Command {
+func NewInspectCommand(groupID string) *cobra.Command {
 	opts := inspectOptions{}
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{
-		Use:   "inspect",
+		Use:   "inspect SERVICE",
 		Short: "Display detailed information on a service.",
 		Args:  cobra.ExactArgs(1),
 		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
@@ -30,16 +30,13 @@ func NewInspectCommand() *cobra.Command {
 			opts.service = args[0]
 			return inspect(cmd.Context(), uncli, opts)
 		},
+		GroupID: groupID,
 	}
-	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(
-		&opts.cluster, "context", "c", "",
-		"Name of the cluster context. (default is the current context)",
-	)
 	return cmd
 }
 
 func inspect(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts inspectOptions) error {
-	client, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx, opts.cluster)
+	client, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("connect to cluster: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -59,23 +56,31 @@ func inspect(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts inspectOptions) error {
 		machinesNamesByID[m.Machine.Id] = m.Machine.Name
 	}
 
-	fmt.Printf("ID:    %s\n", svc.ID)
+	fmt.Printf("Service ID: %s\n", svc.ID)
-	fmt.Printf("Name:  %s\n", svc.Name)
+	fmt.Printf("Name:       %s\n", svc.Name)
-	fmt.Printf("Mode:  %s\n", svc.Mode)
+	fmt.Printf("Mode:       %s\n", svc.Mode)
 	fmt.Println()
 
+	// Parse created times for sorting and display.
+	createdTimes := make(map[string]time.Time, len(svc.Containers))
+	for _, ctr := range svc.Containers {
+		createdTimes[ctr.Container.ID], _ = time.Parse(time.RFC3339Nano, ctr.Container.Created)
+	}
+
+	// Sort containers by created time (newest first).
+	slices.SortFunc(svc.Containers, func(a, b api.MachineServiceContainer) int {
+		return createdTimes[b.Container.ID].Compare(createdTimes[a.Container.ID])
+	})
+
 	// Print the list of containers in a table format.
 	tw := tabwriter.NewWriter(os.Stdout, 0, 0, 3, ' ', 0)
-	if _, err = fmt.Fprintln(tw, "CONTAINER ID\tIMAGE\tCREATED\tSTATUS\tMACHINE"); err != nil {
+	if _, err = fmt.Fprintln(tw, "CONTAINER ID\tIMAGE\tCREATED\tSTATUS\tIP ADDRESS\tMACHINE"); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("write header: %w", err)
 	}
 
+	now := time.Now().UTC()
 	for _, ctr := range svc.Containers {
-		createdAt, err := time.Parse(time.RFC3339Nano, ctr.Container.Created)
+		created := units.HumanDuration(now.Sub(createdTimes[ctr.Container.ID])) + " ago"
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("parse created time: %w", err)
-		}
-		created := units.HumanDuration(time.Now().UTC().Sub(createdAt)) + " ago"
 
 		machine := machinesNamesByID[ctr.MachineID]
 		if machine == "" {
@@ -86,13 +91,21 @@ func inspect(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts inspectOptions) error {
 			return fmt.Errorf("get human state: %w", err)
 		}
 
+		ip := ctr.Container.UncloudNetworkIP()
+		ipStr := ""
+		// The container might not have an IP if it's not running or uses the host network.
+		if ip.IsValid() {
+			ipStr = ip.String()
+		}
+
 		_, err = fmt.Fprintf(
 			tw,
-			"%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\n",
+			"%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\n",
 			stringid.TruncateID(ctr.Container.ID),
 			ctr.Container.Config.Image,
 			created,
 			state,
+			ipStr,
 			machine,
 		)
 		if err != nil {

cmd/uncloud/service/logs.go

@@ -0,0 +1,336 @@
+package service
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"slices"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/charmbracelet/lipgloss"
+	mapset "github.com/deckarep/golang-set/v2"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/pkg/stringid"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/api"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/client"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/client/compose"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+)
+
+type logsOptions struct {
+	files    []string
+	follow   bool
+	tail     string
+	since    string
+	until    string
+	utc      bool
+	machines []string
+}
+
+func NewLogsCommand(groupID string) *cobra.Command {
+	var options logsOptions
+
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:     "logs [SERVICE...]",
+		Aliases: []string{"log"},
+		Short:   "View service logs.",
+		Long: `View logs from all replicas of the specified service(s) across all machines in the cluster.
+
+If no services are specified, streams logs from all services defined in the Compose file
+(compose.yaml by default or the file(s) specified with --file).`,
+		Example: `  # View recent logs for a service.
+  uc logs web
+
+  # Stream logs in real-time (follow mode).
+  uc logs -f web
+
+  # View logs from multiple services.
+  uc logs web api db
+
+  # View logs from all services in compose.yaml.
+  uc logs
+
+  # Show last 20 lines per replica (default is 100).
+  uc logs -n 20 web
+
+  # Show all logs without line limit.
+  uc logs -n all web
+
+  # View logs from a specific time range.
+  uc logs --since 3h --until 1h30m web
+
+  # View logs only from replicas running on specific machines.
+  uc logs -m machine1,machine2 web api`,
+		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			uncli := cmd.Context().Value("cli").(*cli.CLI)
+			return runLogs(cmd.Context(), uncli, args, options)
+		},
+		GroupID: groupID,
+	}
+
+	cmd.Flags().StringSliceVar(&options.files, "file", nil,
+		"One or more Compose files to load service names from when no services are specified. (default compose.yaml)")
+	cmd.Flags().BoolVarP(&options.follow, "follow", "f", false,
+		"Continually stream new logs.")
+	cmd.Flags().StringSliceVarP(&options.machines, "machine", "m", nil,
+		"Filter logs by machine name or ID. Can be specified multiple times or as a comma-separated list.")
+	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&options.since, "since", "",
+		"Show logs generated on or after the given timestamp. Accepts relative duration, RFC 3339 date, or Unix timestamp.\n"+
+			"Examples:\n"+
+			"  --since 2m30s                      Relative duration (2 minutes 30 seconds ago)\n"+
+			"  --since 1h                         Relative duration (1 hour ago)\n"+
+			"  --since 2025-11-24                 RFC 3339 date only (midnight using local timezone)\n"+
+			"  --since 2024-05-14T22:50:00        RFC 3339 date/time using local timezone\n"+
+			"  --since 2024-01-31T10:30:00Z       RFC 3339 date/time in UTC\n"+
+			"  --since 1763953966                 Unix timestamp (seconds since January 1, 1970)")
+	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(&options.tail, "tail", "n", "100",
+		"Show the most recent logs and limit the number of lines shown per replica. Use 'all' to show all logs.")
+	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&options.until, "until", "",
+		"Show logs generated before the given timestamp. Accepts relative duration, RFC 3339 date, or Unix timestamp.\n"+
+			"See --since for examples.")
+	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&options.utc, "utc", false,
+		"Print timestamps in UTC instead of local timezone.")
+
+	return cmd
+}
+
+func runLogs(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, serviceNames []string, opts logsOptions) error {
+	// If no services specified, try to load them from the Compose file(s).
+	if len(serviceNames) == 0 {
+		project, err := compose.LoadProject(ctx, opts.files)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("load compose file(s): %w", err)
+		}
+		// View logs for all services, including disabled by inactive profiles.
+		serviceNames = append(project.ServiceNames(), project.DisabledServiceNames()...)
+		if len(serviceNames) == 0 {
+			return errors.New("no services found in compose file(s)")
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Parse tail option.
+	tail := -1
+	if opts.tail != "all" {
+		tailInt, err := strconv.Atoi(opts.tail)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("invalid --tail value '%s': %w", opts.tail, err)
+		}
+		tail = tailInt
+	}
+
+	c, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("connect to cluster: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer c.Close()
+
+	logsOpts := api.ServiceLogsOptions{
+		Follow:   opts.follow,
+		Tail:     tail,
+		Since:    opts.since,
+		Until:    opts.until,
+		Machines: cli.ExpandCommaSeparatedValues(opts.machines),
+	}
+
+	// Collect log streams from all services.
+	machineIDsSet := mapset.NewSet[string]()
+	svcStreams := make([]<-chan api.ServiceLogEntry, 0, len(serviceNames))
+	for _, serviceName := range serviceNames {
+		svc, ch, err := c.ServiceLogs(ctx, serviceName, logsOpts)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("stream logs for service '%s': %w", serviceName, err)
+		}
+		svcStreams = append(svcStreams, ch)
+
+		machineIDs := svc.MachineIDs()
+		machineIDsSet.Append(machineIDs...)
+	}
+
+	var stream <-chan api.ServiceLogEntry
+	if len(serviceNames) == 1 {
+		stream = svcStreams[0]
+	} else {
+		// Merge all service streams into a single sorted stream without stall detection as its handled per-service.
+		merger := client.NewLogMerger(svcStreams, client.LogMergerOptions{})
+		stream = merger.Stream()
+	}
+
+	// Fetch machine names for all machines (machineIDsSet) service containers are running on.
+	machines, err := c.ListMachines(ctx, &api.MachineFilter{NamesOrIDs: machineIDsSet.ToSlice()})
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("list machines: %w", err)
+	}
+	machineNames := make([]string, 0, len(machines))
+	for _, m := range machines {
+		machineNames = append(machineNames, m.Machine.Name)
+	}
+
+	formatter := newLogFormatter(machineNames, serviceNames, opts.utc)
+
+	// Print merged logs.
+	for entry := range stream {
+		if entry.Err != nil {
+			formatter.printError(entry)
+			continue
+		}
+		formatter.printEntry(entry)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Available colors for machine/service differentiation.
+var colorPalette = []lipgloss.Color{
+	lipgloss.Color("10"), // Bright green
+	lipgloss.Color("11"), // Bright yellow
+	lipgloss.Color("12"), // Bright blue
+	lipgloss.Color("13"), // Bright magenta
+	lipgloss.Color("14"), // Bright cyan
+	lipgloss.Color("2"),  // Green
+	lipgloss.Color("3"),  // Yellow
+	lipgloss.Color("4"),  // Blue
+	lipgloss.Color("5"),  // Magenta
+	lipgloss.Color("6"),  // Cyan
+}
+
+// logFormatter handles formatting and printing of log entries with dynamic column alignment.
+type logFormatter struct {
+	machineNames []string
+	serviceNames []string
+
+	maxMachineWidth int
+	maxServiceWidth int
+
+	utc bool
+}
+
+func newLogFormatter(machineNames, serviceNames []string, utc bool) *logFormatter {
+	slices.Sort(machineNames)
+	slices.Sort(serviceNames)
+
+	maxMachineWidth := 0
+	for _, name := range machineNames {
+		if len(name) > maxMachineWidth {
+			maxMachineWidth = len(name)
+		}
+	}
+
+	maxServiceWidth := 0
+	for _, name := range serviceNames {
+		if len(name) > maxServiceWidth {
+			maxServiceWidth = len(name)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return &logFormatter{
+		machineNames:    machineNames,
+		serviceNames:    serviceNames,
+		maxMachineWidth: maxMachineWidth,
+		maxServiceWidth: maxServiceWidth,
+		utc:             utc,
+	}
+}
+
+// formatTimestamp formats timestamp using local timezone or UTC if configured.
+func (f *logFormatter) formatTimestamp(t time.Time) string {
+	if f.utc {
+		t = t.UTC()
+	} else {
+		t = t.In(time.Local)
+	}
+	dimStyle := lipgloss.NewStyle().Faint(true)
+
+	return dimStyle.Render(t.Format(time.StampMilli))
+}
+
+func (f *logFormatter) formatMachine(name string) string {
+	style := lipgloss.NewStyle().Bold(true).PaddingRight(f.maxMachineWidth - len(name))
+
+	if len(f.serviceNames) == 1 {
+		// Machine name is coloured for single-service logs.
+		i := slices.Index(f.machineNames, name)
+		if i == -1 {
+			f.machineNames = append(f.machineNames, name)
+			i = len(f.machineNames) - 1
+		}
+
+		style = style.Foreground(colorPalette[i%len(colorPalette)])
+	}
+
+	return style.Render(name)
+}
+
+func (f *logFormatter) formatServiceContainer(serviceName, containerID string) string {
+	styleService := lipgloss.NewStyle().Bold(true).PaddingRight(f.maxServiceWidth - len(serviceName))
+	styleContainer := lipgloss.NewStyle().Faint(true)
+
+	if len(f.serviceNames) > 1 {
+		// Service name is coloured for multi-service logs.
+		i := slices.Index(f.serviceNames, serviceName)
+		if i == -1 {
+			f.serviceNames = append(f.serviceNames, serviceName)
+			i = len(f.serviceNames) - 1
+		}
+
+		styleService = styleService.Foreground(colorPalette[i%len(colorPalette)])
+	}
+
+	return styleService.Render(serviceName) + styleContainer.Render("["+containerID[:5]+"]")
+}
+
+// printEntry prints a single log entry with proper formatting.
+func (f *logFormatter) printEntry(entry api.ServiceLogEntry) {
+	if entry.Stream != api.LogStreamStdout && entry.Stream != api.LogStreamStderr {
+		return
+	}
+
+	var output strings.Builder
+
+	// Timestamp
+	output.WriteString(f.formatTimestamp(entry.Timestamp))
+	output.WriteString(" ")
+
+	// Machine name
+	output.WriteString(f.formatMachine(entry.Metadata.MachineName))
+	output.WriteString(" ")
+
+	// Service[container_id]
+	output.WriteString(f.formatServiceContainer(entry.Metadata.ServiceName, entry.Metadata.ContainerID))
+	output.WriteString(" ")
+
+	// Message
+	output.Write(entry.Message)
+
+	// Print to appropriate stream.
+	if entry.Stream == api.LogStreamStderr {
+		fmt.Fprint(os.Stderr, output.String())
+	} else {
+		fmt.Print(output.String())
+	}
+}
+
+// printError prints an error entry (e.g., stalled stream warning).
+func (f *logFormatter) printError(entry api.ServiceLogEntry) {
+	if entry.Metadata.ContainerID != "" {
+		msg := fmt.Sprintf("WARNING: log stream from %s[%s] on machine '%s'",
+			entry.Metadata.ServiceName,
+			stringid.TruncateID(entry.Metadata.ContainerID),
+			entry.Metadata.MachineName)
+
+		if errors.Is(entry.Err, api.ErrLogStreamStalled) {
+			msg += " stopped responding"
+		} else {
+			msg += fmt.Sprintf(": %v", entry.Err)
+		}
+
+		style := lipgloss.NewStyle().Bold(true).Foreground(lipgloss.Color("11")) // Bold bright yellow
+		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, style.Render(msg))
+	} else {
+		msg := fmt.Sprintf("ERROR: %v", entry.Err)
+		style := lipgloss.NewStyle().Bold(true).Foreground(lipgloss.Color("9")) // Bold bright red
+		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, style.Render(msg))
+	}
+}

cmd/uncloud/service/ls.go

@@ -4,34 +4,31 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
+	"slices"
 	"strings"
 	"text/tabwriter"
 
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/api"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
 
-func NewListCommand() *cobra.Command {
+func NewListCommand(groupID string) *cobra.Command {
-	// TODO(lhf): rename to context
-	var cluster string
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{
 		Use:     "ls",
 		Aliases: []string{"list"},
 		Short:   "List services.",
 		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 			uncli := cmd.Context().Value("cli").(*cli.CLI)
-			return list(cmd.Context(), uncli, cluster)
+			return list(cmd.Context(), uncli)
 		},
+		GroupID: groupID,
 	}
-	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(
-		&cluster, "context", "c", "",
-		"Name of the cluster context. (default is the current context)",
-	)
 	return cmd
 }
 
-func list(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, clusterName string) error {
+func list(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI) error {
-	client, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx, clusterName)
+	client, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("connect to cluster: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -42,15 +39,15 @@ func list(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, clusterName string) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("list services: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	serviceNames := make(map[string]struct{}, len(services))
+	// Sort services by name.
 	haveDuplicateNames := false
-	for _, svc := range services {
+	slices.SortFunc(services, func(a, b api.Service) int {
-		if _, exists := serviceNames[svc.Name]; exists {
+		if a.Name == b.Name {
 			haveDuplicateNames = true
-			break
+			return strings.Compare(a.ID, b.ID)
 		}
-		serviceNames[svc.Name] = struct{}{}
+		return strings.Compare(a.Name, b.Name)
-	}
+	})
 
 	// Print the list of services in a table format.
 	tw := tabwriter.NewWriter(os.Stdout, 0, 0, 3, ' ', 0)
@@ -61,19 +58,29 @@ func list(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, clusterName string) error {
 			return fmt.Errorf("write header: %w", err)
 		}
 	}
-	if _, err = fmt.Fprintln(tw, "NAME\tMODE\tREPLICAS\tENDPOINTS"); err != nil {
+	if _, err = fmt.Fprintln(tw, "NAME\tMODE\tREPLICAS\tIMAGE\tENDPOINTS"); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("write header: %w", err)
 	}
 	for _, s := range services {
-		endpointsSlice := s.Endpoints()
+		images := strings.Join(s.Images(), ", ")
-		endpoints := strings.Join(endpointsSlice, ", ")
+		endpoints := strings.Join(s.Endpoints(), ", ")
+
+		// If no endpoints from ports, check if the service uses custom Caddy config.
+		if endpoints == "" {
+			for _, ctr := range s.Containers {
+				if ctr.Container.ServiceSpec.CaddyConfig() != "" {
+					endpoints = "(custom Caddy config)"
+				}
+			}
+		}
 
 		if haveDuplicateNames {
 			if _, err = fmt.Fprintf(tw, "%s\t", s.ID); err != nil {
 				return fmt.Errorf("write row: %w", err)
 			}
 		}
-		if _, err = fmt.Fprintf(tw, "%s\t%s\t%d\t%s\n", s.Name, s.Mode, len(s.Containers), endpoints); err != nil {
+		if _, err = fmt.Fprintf(tw, "%s\t%s\t%d\t%s\t%s\n",
+			s.Name, s.Mode, len(s.Containers), images, endpoints); err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("write row: %w", err)
 		}
 	}

cmd/uncloud/service/rm.go

@@ -11,31 +11,32 @@ import (
 
 type rmOptions struct {
 	services []string
-	cluster  string
 }
 
-func NewRmCommand() *cobra.Command {
+func NewRmCommand(groupID string) *cobra.Command {
 	opts := rmOptions{}
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{
 		Use:     "rm SERVICE [SERVICE...]",
 		Aliases: []string{"remove", "delete"},
 		Short:   "Remove one or more services.",
-		Args:    cobra.MinimumNArgs(1),
+		Long: `Remove one or more services.
+
+The volumes used by the services are preserved and should be removed separately
+with 'uc volume rm'. Anonymous Docker volumes (automatically created from VOLUME
+directives in image Dockerfiles) are automatically removed with their containers.`,
+		Args: cobra.MinimumNArgs(1),
 		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 			uncli := cmd.Context().Value("cli").(*cli.CLI)
 			opts.services = args
 			return rm(cmd.Context(), uncli, opts)
 		},
+		GroupID: groupID,
 	}
-	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(
-		&opts.cluster, "context", "c", "",
-		"Name of the cluster context. (default is the current context)",
-	)
 	return cmd
 }
 
 func rm(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts rmOptions) error {
-	client, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx, opts.cluster)
+	client, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("connect to cluster: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -50,5 +51,5 @@ func rm(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts rmOptions) error {
 		}, uncli.ProgressOut(), "Removing service "+s)
 	}
 
-	return nil
+	return err
 }

cmd/uncloud/service/root.go

@@ -8,14 +8,18 @@ func NewRootCommand() *cobra.Command {
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{
 		Use:     "service",
 		Aliases: []string{"svc"},
-		Short:   "Manage services in an Uncloud cluster.",
+		Short:   "Manage services in the cluster.",
 	}
 	cmd.AddCommand(
-		NewInspectCommand(),
+		NewExecCommand(""),
-		NewListCommand(),
+		NewInspectCommand(""),
-		NewRmCommand(),
+		NewListCommand(""),
-		NewRunCommand(),
+		NewLogsCommand(""),
-		NewScaleCommand(),
+		NewRmCommand(""),
+		NewRunCommand(""),
+		NewScaleCommand(""),
+		NewStartCommand(""),
+		NewStopCommand(""),
 	)
 	return cmd
 }

cmd/uncloud/service/run.go

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 type runOptions struct {
+	caddyfile         string
 	command           []string
 	cpu               dockeropts.NanoCPUs
 	entrypoint        string
@@ -33,11 +34,9 @@ type runOptions struct {
 	replicas          uint
 	user              string
 	volumes           []string
-
-	cluster string
 }
 
-func NewRunCommand() *cobra.Command {
+func NewRunCommand(groupID string) *cobra.Command {
 	opts := runOptions{}
 
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{
@@ -55,8 +54,12 @@ func NewRunCommand() *cobra.Command {
 
 			return run(cmd.Context(), uncli, opts)
 		},
+		GroupID: groupID,
 	}
 
+	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&opts.caddyfile, "caddyfile", "",
+		"Path to a custom Caddy config (Caddyfile) for the service. "+
+			"Cannot be used together with non-@host published ports.")
 	cmd.Flags().VarP(&opts.cpu, "cpu", "",
 		"Maximum number of CPU cores a service container can use. Fractional values are allowed: "+
 			"0.5 for half a core or 2.25 for two and a quarter cores.")
@@ -82,13 +85,14 @@ func NewRunCommand() *cobra.Command {
 		"Give extended privileges to service containers. This is a security risk and should be used with caution.")
 	cmd.Flags().StringSliceVarP(&opts.publish, "publish", "p", nil,
 		"Publish a service port to make it accessible outside the cluster. Can be specified multiple times.\n"+
-			"Format: [hostname:][load_balancer_port:]container_port[/protocol] or [host_ip:]:host_port:container_port[/protocol]@host\n"+
+			"Format: [hostname:]container_port[/protocol] or [host_ip:]host_port:container_port[/protocol]@host\n"+
 			"Supported protocols: tcp, udp, http, https (default is tcp). If a hostname for http(s) port is not specified\n"+
 			"and a cluster domain is reserved, service-name.cluster-domain will be used as the hostname.\n"+
 			"Examples:\n"+
-			"  -p 8080/https                  Publish port 8080 as HTTPS via load balancer with default service-name.cluster-domain hostname\n"+
+			"  -p 8080/https                  Publish port 8080 as HTTPS via reverse proxy with default service-name.cluster-domain hostname\n"+
-			"  -p app.example.com:8080/https  Publish port 8080 as HTTPS via load balancer with custom hostname\n"+
+			"  -p app.example.com:8080/https  Publish port 8080 as HTTPS via reverse proxy with custom hostname\n"+
-			"  -p 9000:8080                   Publish port 8080 as TCP port 9000 via load balancer\n"+
+			// TODO: add support for publishing L4 tcp/udp ports.
+			//"  -p 9000:8080                   Publish port 8080 as TCP port 9000 via reverse proxy\n"+
 			"  -p 53:5353/udp@host            Bind UDP port 5353 to host port 53")
 	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&opts.pull, "pull", api.PullPolicyMissing,
 		fmt.Sprintf("Pull image from the registry before running service containers ('%s', '%s', '%s').",
@@ -107,11 +111,6 @@ func NewRunCommand() *cobra.Command {
 			"  -v /data/uploads:/app/uploads         	 Bind mount /data/uploads host directory to /app/uploads in container\n"+
 			"  -v /host/path:/container/path:ro 		 Bind mount a host directory or file as read-only")
 
-	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(
-		&opts.cluster, "context", "c", "",
-		"Name of the cluster context to run the service in. (default is the current context)",
-	)
-
 	return cmd
 }
 
@@ -121,7 +120,7 @@ func run(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts runOptions) error {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	clusterClient, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx, opts.cluster)
+	clusterClient, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("connect to cluster: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -160,6 +159,15 @@ func run(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts runOptions) error {
 func prepareServiceSpec(opts runOptions) (api.ServiceSpec, error) {
 	var spec api.ServiceSpec
 
+	caddyfile := ""
+	if opts.caddyfile != "" {
+		data, err := os.ReadFile(opts.caddyfile)
+		if err != nil {
+			return spec, fmt.Errorf("read Caddyfile: %w", err)
+		}
+		caddyfile = strings.TrimSpace(string(data))
+	}
+
 	env, err := parseEnv(opts.env)
 	if err != nil {
 		return spec, err
@@ -217,6 +225,12 @@ func prepareServiceSpec(opts runOptions) (api.ServiceSpec, error) {
 		Volumes:   volumes,
 	}
 
+	if caddyfile != "" {
+		spec.Caddy = &api.CaddySpec{
+			Config: caddyfile,
+		}
+	}
+
 	// Overwrite the default ENTRYPOINT of the image or reset it if an empty string is passed.
 	if opts.entrypoint != "" {
 		spec.Container.Entrypoint = []string{opts.entrypoint}

cmd/uncloud/service/scale.go

@@ -15,10 +15,9 @@ import (
 type scaleOptions struct {
 	service  string
 	replicas uint
-	cluster  string
 }
 
-func NewScaleCommand() *cobra.Command {
+func NewScaleCommand(groupID string) *cobra.Command {
 	opts := scaleOptions{}
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{
 		Use:   "scale SERVICE REPLICAS",
@@ -37,13 +36,9 @@ func NewScaleCommand() *cobra.Command {
 
 			return scale(cmd.Context(), uncli, opts)
 		},
+		GroupID: groupID,
 	}
 
-	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(
-		&opts.cluster, "context", "c", "",
-		"Name of the cluster context. (default is the current context)",
-	)
-
 	return cmd
 }
 
@@ -57,7 +52,7 @@ func scale(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts scaleOptions) error {
 		)
 	}
 
-	clusterClient, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx, opts.cluster)
+	clusterClient, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("connect to cluster: %w", err)
 	}

cmd/uncloud/service/start.go

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+//nolint:dupl
+package service
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/docker/compose/v2/pkg/progress"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+)
+
+type startOptions struct {
+	services []string
+}
+
+func NewStartCommand(groupID string) *cobra.Command {
+	opts := startOptions{}
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "start SERVICE [SERVICE...]",
+		Short: "Start one or more services.",
+		Long: `Start one or more previously stopped services.
+
+Starts all containers of the specified service(s) across all machines in the cluster.
+Services can be specified by name or ID.`,
+		Args: cobra.MinimumNArgs(1),
+		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			uncli := cmd.Context().Value("cli").(*cli.CLI)
+			opts.services = args
+			return start(cmd.Context(), uncli, opts)
+		},
+		GroupID: groupID,
+	}
+	return cmd
+}
+
+func start(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts startOptions) error {
+	client, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("connect to cluster: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer client.Close()
+
+	for _, s := range opts.services {
+		err = progress.RunWithTitle(ctx, func(ctx context.Context) error {
+			if err = client.StartService(ctx, s); err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("start service '%s': %w", s, err)
+			}
+			return nil
+		}, uncli.ProgressOut(), "Starting service "+s)
+	}
+
+	return err
+}

cmd/uncloud/service/stop.go

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+//nolint:dupl
+package service
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/docker/compose/v2/pkg/progress"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/container"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+)
+
+type stopOptions struct {
+	services []string
+	signal   string
+	timeout  int
+}
+
+func NewStopCommand(groupID string) *cobra.Command {
+	opts := stopOptions{}
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "stop SERVICE [SERVICE...]",
+		Short: "Stop one or more services.",
+		Long: `Stop one or more running services.
+
+Gracefully stops all containers of the specified service(s) across all machines in the cluster.
+Services can be specified by name or ID. Stopped services can be restarted with 'uc start'.`,
+		Args: cobra.MinimumNArgs(1),
+		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			uncli := cmd.Context().Value("cli").(*cli.CLI)
+			opts.services = args
+			return stop(cmd.Context(), uncli, opts)
+		},
+		GroupID: groupID,
+	}
+	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(&opts.signal, "signal", "s", "",
+		"Signal to send to each container's main process.\n"+
+			"Can be a signal name (SIGTERM, SIGINT, SIGHUP, etc.) or a number. (default SIGTERM)")
+	cmd.Flags().IntVarP(&opts.timeout, "timeout", "t", 10,
+		"Seconds to wait for each container to stop gracefully before forcibly killing it with SIGKILL.\n"+
+			"Use -1 to wait indefinitely.")
+	return cmd
+}
+
+func stop(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts stopOptions) error {
+	client, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("connect to cluster: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer client.Close()
+
+	stopOpts := container.StopOptions{
+		Signal:  opts.signal,
+		Timeout: &opts.timeout,
+	}
+
+	for _, s := range opts.services {
+		err = progress.RunWithTitle(ctx, func(ctx context.Context) error {
+			if err = client.StopService(ctx, s, stopOpts); err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("stop service '%s': %w", s, err)
+			}
+			return nil
+		}, uncli.ProgressOut(), "Stopping service "+s)
+	}
+
+	return err
+}

cmd/uncloud/volume/create.go

@@ -19,14 +19,13 @@ type createOptions struct {
 	driverOpts []string
 	labels     []string
 	machine    string
-	context    string
 }
 
 func NewCreateCommand() *cobra.Command {
 	opts := createOptions{}
 
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{
-		Use:   "create [FLAGS] VOLUME_NAME",
+		Use:   "create VOLUME_NAME",
 		Short: "Create a volume on a specific machine.",
 		Args:  cobra.ExactArgs(1),
 		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
@@ -50,14 +49,12 @@ func NewCreateCommand() *cobra.Command {
 		"Labels to assign to the volume in the form of 'key=value' pairs. Can be specified multiple times.")
 	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(&opts.machine, "machine", "m", "",
 		"Name or ID of the machine to create the volume on.")
-	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(&opts.context, "context", "c", "",
-		"Name of the cluster context. (default is the current context)")
 
 	return cmd
 }
 
 func create(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, name string, opts createOptions) error {
-	client, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx, opts.context)
+	client, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("connect to cluster: %w", err)
 	}

cmd/uncloud/volume/inspect.go

@@ -13,14 +13,13 @@ import (
 
 type inspectOptions struct {
 	machine string
-	context string
 }
 
 func NewInspectCommand() *cobra.Command {
 	opts := inspectOptions{}
 
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{
-		Use:   "inspect [FLAGS] VOLUME_NAME",
+		Use:   "inspect VOLUME_NAME",
 		Short: "Display detailed information on a volume.",
 		Args:  cobra.ExactArgs(1),
 		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
@@ -32,14 +31,12 @@ func NewInspectCommand() *cobra.Command {
 	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(&opts.machine, "machine", "m", "",
 		"Name or ID of the machine where the volume is located. "+
 			"If not specified, the volume will be searched across all machines.")
-	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(&opts.context, "context", "c", "",
-		"Name of the cluster context. (default is the current context)")
 
 	return cmd
 }
 
 func inspect(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, name string, opts inspectOptions) error {
-	client, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx, opts.context)
+	client, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("connect to cluster: %w", err)
 	}

cmd/uncloud/volume/ls.go

@@ -16,14 +16,13 @@ import (
 type listOptions struct {
 	machines []string
 	quiet    bool
-	context  string
 }
 
 func NewListCommand() *cobra.Command {
 	opts := listOptions{}
 
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{
-		Use:     "ls [FLAGS]",
+		Use:     "ls",
 		Aliases: []string{"list"},
 		Short:   "List volumes across all machines in the cluster.",
 		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
@@ -38,14 +37,11 @@ func NewListCommand() *cobra.Command {
 	cmd.Flags().BoolVarP(&opts.quiet, "quiet", "q", false,
 		"Only display volume names.")
 
-	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(&opts.context, "context", "c", "",
-		"Name of the cluster context. (default is the current context)")
-
 	return cmd
 }
 
 func list(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts listOptions) error {
-	client, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx, opts.context)
+	client, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("connect to cluster: %w", err)
 	}

cmd/uncloud/volume/rm.go

@@ -14,14 +14,13 @@ type removeOptions struct {
 	force    bool
 	machines []string
 	yes      bool
-	context  string
 }
 
 func NewRemoveCommand() *cobra.Command {
 	opts := removeOptions{}
 
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{
-		Use:     "rm [FLAGS] VOLUME_NAME [VOLUME_NAME...]",
+		Use:     "rm VOLUME_NAME [VOLUME_NAME...]",
 		Aliases: []string{"remove", "delete"},
 		Short:   "Remove one or more volumes.",
 		Long:    "Remove one or more volumes. You cannot remove a volume that is in use by a container.",
@@ -41,14 +40,11 @@ func NewRemoveCommand() *cobra.Command {
 	cmd.Flags().BoolVarP(&opts.yes, "yes", "y", false,
 		"Do not prompt for confirmation before removing the volume(s).")
 
-	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(&opts.context, "context", "c", "",
-		"Name of the cluster context. (default is the current context)")
-
 	return cmd
 }
 
 func remove(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, names []string, opts removeOptions) error {
-	client, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx, opts.context)
+	client, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("connect to cluster: %w", err)
 	}

cmd/uncloud/volume/root.go

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import (
 func NewRootCommand() *cobra.Command {
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{
 		Use:   "volume",
-		Short: "Manage volumes in an Uncloud cluster.",
+		Short: "Manage volumes in the cluster.",
 	}
 	cmd.AddCommand(
 		NewCreateCommand(),

cmd/uncloudd/dialstdio.go

@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"os"
+
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/machine"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+)
+
+func newDialStdioCommand() *cobra.Command {
+	var socketPath string
+
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:    "dial-stdio",
+		Short:  "Proxy stdin/stdout to the Uncloud API socket",
+		Hidden: true,
+		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			return runDialStdio(cmd.Context(), socketPath, os.Stdin, os.Stdout)
+		},
+	}
+
+	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&socketPath, "socket", machine.DefaultUncloudSockPath,
+		"Path to the Uncloud API socket")
+
+	return cmd
+}
+
+// halfReadCloser is the read side of a half-duplex connection.
+type halfReadCloser interface {
+	io.Reader
+	CloseRead() error
+}
+
+// halfWriteCloser is the write side of a half-duplex connection.
+type halfWriteCloser interface {
+	io.Writer
+	CloseWrite() error
+}
+
+// halfReadCloserWrapper wraps an io.ReadCloser to implement halfReadCloser.
+type halfReadCloserWrapper struct {
+	io.ReadCloser
+}
+
+func (x *halfReadCloserWrapper) CloseRead() error {
+	return x.Close()
+}
+
+// halfWriteCloserWrapper wraps an io.WriteCloser to implement halfWriteCloser.
+type halfWriteCloserWrapper struct {
+	io.WriteCloser
+}
+
+func (x *halfWriteCloserWrapper) CloseWrite() error {
+	return x.Close()
+}
+
+func runDialStdio(ctx context.Context, socketPath string, stdin io.Reader, stdout io.Writer) error {
+	// Connect to the unix socket.
+	var dialer net.Dialer
+	conn, err := dialer.DialContext(ctx, "unix", socketPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("connect to socket %q: %w", socketPath, err)
+	}
+	defer conn.Close()
+
+	// Wrap stdin/stdout to support half-closing.
+	var stdinCloser halfReadCloser
+	if c, ok := stdin.(halfReadCloser); ok {
+		stdinCloser = c
+	} else if c, ok := stdin.(io.ReadCloser); ok {
+		stdinCloser = &halfReadCloserWrapper{c}
+	}
+
+	var stdoutCloser halfWriteCloser
+	if c, ok := stdout.(halfWriteCloser); ok {
+		stdoutCloser = c
+	} else if c, ok := stdout.(io.WriteCloser); ok {
+		stdoutCloser = &halfWriteCloserWrapper{c}
+	}
+
+	// Copy data bidirectionally between stdin/stdout and the socket.
+	stdin2socket := make(chan error, 1)
+	socket2stdout := make(chan error, 1)
+
+	// Copy from stdin to socket.
+	go func() {
+		_, err := io.Copy(conn, stdin)
+		stdin2socket <- err
+		// Close write side of connection after stdin is done.
+		if unixConn, ok := conn.(*net.UnixConn); ok {
+			unixConn.CloseWrite()
+		}
+		if stdinCloser != nil {
+			stdinCloser.CloseRead()
+		}
+	}()
+
+	// Copy from socket to stdout.
+	go func() {
+		_, err := io.Copy(stdout, conn)
+		socket2stdout <- err
+		// Close read side of connection after socket is done sending.
+		if unixConn, ok := conn.(*net.UnixConn); ok {
+			unixConn.CloseRead()
+		}
+		if stdoutCloser != nil {
+			stdoutCloser.CloseWrite()
+		}
+	}()
+
+	select {
+	case err = <-stdin2socket:
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		// wait for stdout
+		err = <-socket2stdout
+	case err = <-socket2stdout:
+		// return immediately, matching Docker's approach
+		// (stdin is never closed when TTY)
+	}
+	return err
+}

cmd/uncloudd/main.go

@@ -42,6 +42,9 @@ func main() {
 		"Directory for storing persistent machine state")
 	_ = cmd.MarkFlagDirname("data-dir")
 
+	// Add dial-stdio subcommand.
+	cmd.AddCommand(newDialStdioCommand())
+
 	// ctx is canceled when the daemon command is interrupted.
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 
@@ -55,5 +58,4 @@ func main() {
 	}()
 
 	cobra.CheckErr(cmd.ExecuteContext(ctx))
-
 }

experiment/broadcaster.go

@@ -3,10 +3,11 @@ package main
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
-	"github.com/hashicorp/serf/serf"
-	crdt "github.com/ipfs/go-ds-crdt"
 	"log/slog"
 	"time"
+
+	"github.com/hashicorp/serf/serf"
+	crdt "github.com/ipfs/go-ds-crdt"
 )
 
 // Implements the Broadcaster interface.

experiment/explorer/explorer.go

@@ -2,9 +2,10 @@ package main
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
-	"github.com/dgraph-io/badger/v3"
 	"log"
 	"time"
+
+	"github.com/dgraph-io/badger/v3"
 )
 
 func customTimeEncoder(t time.Time) string {

experiment/logger.go

@@ -2,9 +2,10 @@ package main
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
-	"github.com/ipfs/go-log/v2"
 	"log/slog"
 	"os"
+
+	"github.com/ipfs/go-log/v2"
 )
 
 // ipfsLogger is an slog logger that implements the IPFS go-log StandardLogger interface.

experiment/networkdb/main.go

@@ -2,12 +2,13 @@ package main
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
-	"github.com/docker/docker/libnetwork/networkdb"
 	"log/slog"
 	"os"
 	"os/signal"
 	"syscall"
 	"time"
+
+	"github.com/docker/docker/libnetwork/networkdb"
 )
 
 func main() {

experiment/serf_crdt.go

@@ -4,6 +4,13 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"flag"
 	"fmt"
+	"log/slog"
+	"net"
+	"os"
+	"os/signal"
+	"syscall"
+	"time"
+
 	"github.com/hashicorp/memberlist"
 	"github.com/hashicorp/serf/cmd/serf/command/agent"
 	"github.com/hashicorp/serf/serf"
@@ -11,12 +18,6 @@ import (
 	badger "github.com/ipfs/go-ds-badger3"
 	crdt "github.com/ipfs/go-ds-crdt"
 	"github.com/lmittmann/tint"
-	"log/slog"
-	"net"
-	"os"
-	"os/signal"
-	"syscall"
-	"time"
 )
 
 func createSerfAgentConfig(name, bindAddr, rpcAddr, profile string) *agent.Config {
@@ -49,9 +50,9 @@ func createSerfAgent(config *agent.Config) (*agent.Agent, error) {
 
 	serfConfig.MemberlistConfig.BindAddr = bindIP
 	serfConfig.MemberlistConfig.BindPort = bindPort
-	//serfConfig.MemberlistConfig.AdvertiseAddr = advertiseIP
+	// serfConfig.MemberlistConfig.AdvertiseAddr = advertiseIP
-	//serfConfig.MemberlistConfig.AdvertisePort = advertisePort
+	// serfConfig.MemberlistConfig.AdvertisePort = advertisePort
-	//serfConfig.MemberlistConfig.SecretKey = encryptKey
+	// serfConfig.MemberlistConfig.SecretKey = encryptKey
 	serfConfig.NodeName = config.NodeName
 	serfConfig.Tags = config.Tags
 	serfConfig.SnapshotPath = config.SnapshotPath
@@ -129,7 +130,7 @@ func main() {
 	logger := slog.New(tint.NewHandler(os.Stdout, &tint.Options{
 		AddSource: true,
 		Level:     slog.LevelDebug,
-		//Level:      slog.LevelInfo,
+		// Level:      slog.LevelInfo,
 		TimeFormat: time.RFC3339Nano,
 	}))
 	slog.SetDefault(logger)
@@ -164,7 +165,7 @@ func main() {
 
 	opts := crdt.DefaultOptions()
 	opts.Logger = newIPFSLogger(logger)
-	//opts.MultiHeadProcessing = true
+	// opts.MultiHeadProcessing = true
 	// TODO: debug why the heads count may grow on the receiving side if the event backlog is huge and the processing
 	//  is slow.
 	store, err := crdt.New(localStore, ds.NewKey("/"), syncer, broadcaster, opts)
@@ -172,7 +173,7 @@ func main() {
 		panic(err)
 	}
 
-	//ticker := time.NewTicker(10 * time.Millisecond)
+	// ticker := time.NewTicker(10 * time.Millisecond)
 	ticker := time.NewTicker(3 * time.Second)
 	go func() {
 		for {

experiment/syncer.go

@@ -4,18 +4,19 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"log/slog"
+
 	"github.com/hashicorp/serf/serf"
 	"github.com/ipfs/boxo/datastore/dshelp"
 	dag "github.com/ipfs/boxo/ipld/merkledag"
 	"github.com/ipfs/go-cid"
 	ds "github.com/ipfs/go-datastore"
 	ipld "github.com/ipfs/go-ipld-format"
-	"log/slog"
 )
 
 // Implements the DAGService interface.
 // TODO: implement SessionDAGService to optimize node fetching.
-// TOOD: persistentSerfDAG?
+// TODO: persistentSerfDAG?
 type dagSyncer struct {
 	// Persistent storage for the nodes.
 	store     ds.Datastore
@@ -50,8 +51,7 @@ func (d *dagSyncer) Get(ctx context.Context, cid cid.Cid) (ipld.Node, error) {
 	}
 	slog.Debug("Queried node from peers", "cid", cid, "deadline", query.Deadline())
 
-	responded := false
+	for {
-	for !responded {
 		select {
 		case resp, ok := <-query.ResponseCh():
 			if !ok {
@@ -63,7 +63,6 @@ func (d *dagSyncer) Get(ctx context.Context, cid cid.Cid) (ipld.Node, error) {
 				continue
 			}
 			slog.Debug("Received node from peer", "cid", cid, "peer", resp.From)
-			responded = true
 			query.Close()
 
 			node, err = nodeFromBytes(resp.Payload)

experiment/talos_discovery.go

@@ -6,12 +6,13 @@ import (
 	"crypto/cipher"
 	"encoding/hex"
 	"fmt"
+	"net/netip"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/machine/network"
 	"github.com/siderolabs/discovery-api/api/v1alpha1/client/pb"
 	discovery "github.com/siderolabs/discovery-client/pkg/client"
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
-	"net/netip"
-	"time"
-	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/machine/network"
 )
 
 const (

go.mod

@@ -1,26 +1,30 @@
 module github.com/psviderski/uncloud
 
-go 1.23.0
+go 1.25
-
-toolchain go1.23.2
 
 require (
-	github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.4.0
+	github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.5.0
 	github.com/Masterminds/semver v1.5.0
 	github.com/Masterminds/squirrel v1.5.4
+	github.com/alecthomas/chroma/v2 v2.20.0
 	github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2 v2.8.4
 	github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4 v4.3.0
+	github.com/charmbracelet/bubbles v0.21.0
+	github.com/charmbracelet/bubbletea v1.3.10
 	github.com/charmbracelet/huh v0.6.0
-	github.com/charmbracelet/lipgloss v0.13.0
+	github.com/charmbracelet/huh/spinner v0.0.0-20251110114415-25888d17260b
-	github.com/compose-spec/compose-go/v2 v2.4.5
+	github.com/charmbracelet/lipgloss v1.1.0
+	github.com/compose-spec/compose-go/v2 v2.9.0
+	github.com/containerd/errdefs v1.0.0
+	github.com/containerd/platforms v1.0.0-rc.1
 	github.com/coreos/go-systemd v0.0.0-20191104093116-d3cd4ed1dbcf
 	github.com/deckarep/golang-set/v2 v2.8.0
 	github.com/dgraph-io/badger/v3 v3.2103.5
 	github.com/distribution/reference v0.6.0
-	github.com/docker/cli v27.5.0+incompatible
+	github.com/docker/cli v28.5.0+incompatible
-	github.com/docker/compose/v2 v2.31.0
+	github.com/docker/compose/v2 v2.40.0
-	github.com/docker/docker v27.4.0-rc.2+incompatible
+	github.com/docker/docker v28.5.0+incompatible
-	github.com/docker/go-connections v0.5.0
+	github.com/docker/go-connections v0.6.0
 	github.com/docker/go-units v0.5.0
 	github.com/goccy/go-yaml v1.17.1
 	github.com/google/go-cmp v0.7.0
@@ -37,44 +41,67 @@ require (
 	github.com/jmoiron/sqlx v1.4.0
 	github.com/lmittmann/tint v1.0.5
 	github.com/miekg/dns v1.1.65
+	github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure v1.5.0
+	github.com/moby/term v0.5.2
+	github.com/muesli/termenv v0.16.0
 	github.com/opencontainers/go-digest v1.0.0
-	github.com/opencontainers/image-spec v1.1.0
+	github.com/opencontainers/image-spec v1.1.1
+	github.com/psviderski/unregistry v0.3.1
 	github.com/siderolabs/discovery-api v0.1.4
 	github.com/siderolabs/discovery-client v0.1.9
 	github.com/siderolabs/grpc-proxy v0.5.1
-	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.8.1
+	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.10.1
-	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.10.0
+	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.11.1
-	github.com/vishvananda/netlink v1.3.0
+	github.com/vishvananda/netlink v1.3.1
 	go.uber.org/zap v1.27.0
 	go4.org/netipx v0.0.0-20231129151722-fdeea329fbba
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.33.0
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.41.0
-	golang.org/x/net v0.35.0
+	golang.org/x/net v0.43.0
-	golang.org/x/sync v0.11.0
+	golang.org/x/sync v0.17.0
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.31.0
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.36.0
+	golang.org/x/term v0.34.0
 	golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard v0.0.0-20231211153847-12269c276173
 	golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl v0.0.0-20230429144221-925a1e7659e6
-	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20241209162323-e6fa225c2576
+	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20250528174236-200df99c418a
-	google.golang.org/grpc v1.68.1
+	google.golang.org/grpc v1.74.2
-	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.3
+	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.9
 	modernc.org/sqlite v1.36.3
 )
 
 require (
+	cloud.google.com/go/kms v1.19.0 // indirect
+	cloud.google.com/go/longrunning v0.6.0 // indirect
 	filippo.io/edwards25519 v1.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/AdaLogics/go-fuzz-headers v0.0.0-20230811130428-ced1acdcaa24 // indirect
+	github.com/AlecAivazis/survey/v2 v2.3.7 // indirect
 	github.com/AndreasBriese/bbloom v0.0.0-20190825152654-46b345b51c96 // indirect
-	github.com/Azure/go-ansiterm v0.0.0-20210617225240-d185dfc1b5a1 // indirect
+	github.com/Azure/go-ansiterm v0.0.0-20250102033503-faa5f7b0171c // indirect
+	github.com/DefangLabs/secret-detector v0.0.0-20250403165618-22662109213e // indirect
 	github.com/Masterminds/goutils v1.1.1 // indirect
-	github.com/Masterminds/semver/v3 v3.2.1 // indirect
+	github.com/Masterminds/semver/v3 v3.4.0 // indirect
 	github.com/Masterminds/sprig/v3 v3.2.3 // indirect
 	github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.2 // indirect
-	github.com/OneOfOne/xxhash v1.2.8 // indirect
+	github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim v0.13.0 // indirect
+	github.com/acarl005/stripansi v0.0.0-20180116102854-5a71ef0e047d // indirect
 	github.com/antlr4-go/antlr/v4 v4.13.0 // indirect
+	github.com/apparentlymart/go-textseg/v15 v15.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/armon/circbuf v0.0.0-20190214190532-5111143e8da2 // indirect
 	github.com/armon/go-metrics v0.4.1 // indirect
 	github.com/armon/go-radix v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/aryann/difflib v0.0.0-20210328193216-ff5ff6dc229b // indirect
 	github.com/atotto/clipboard v0.1.4 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2 v1.30.3 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/config v1.27.27 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/credentials v1.17.27 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/feature/ec2/imds v1.16.11 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/configsources v1.3.15 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/endpoints/v2 v2.6.15 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/ini v1.8.0 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/accept-encoding v1.11.3 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/presigned-url v1.11.17 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/sso v1.22.4 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/ssooidc v1.26.4 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/sts v1.30.3 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/smithy-go v1.20.3 // indirect
 	github.com/aymanbagabas/go-osc52/v2 v2.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/bgentry/speakeasy v0.2.0 // indirect
@@ -84,67 +111,86 @@ require (
 	github.com/catppuccin/go v0.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/cespare/xxhash v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 // indirect
-	github.com/charmbracelet/bubbles v0.20.0 // indirect
+	github.com/charmbracelet/colorprofile v0.2.3-0.20250311203215-f60798e515dc // indirect
-	github.com/charmbracelet/bubbletea v1.1.1 // indirect
+	github.com/charmbracelet/x/ansi v0.10.1 // indirect
-	github.com/charmbracelet/x/ansi v0.3.2 // indirect
+	github.com/charmbracelet/x/cellbuf v0.0.13-0.20250311204145-2c3ea96c31dd // indirect
 	github.com/charmbracelet/x/exp/strings v0.0.0-20240919170804-a4978c8e603a // indirect
-	github.com/charmbracelet/x/term v0.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/charmbracelet/x/term v0.2.1 // indirect
 	github.com/chzyer/readline v1.5.1 // indirect
-	github.com/cloudflare/cfssl v1.6.4 // indirect
+	github.com/containerd/cgroups/v3 v3.0.5 // indirect
-	github.com/containerd/console v1.0.4 // indirect
+	github.com/containerd/console v1.0.5 // indirect
-	github.com/containerd/containerd v1.7.24 // indirect
+	github.com/containerd/containerd/api v1.9.0 // indirect
-	github.com/containerd/containerd/api v1.7.19 // indirect
+	github.com/containerd/containerd/v2 v2.1.4 // indirect
-	github.com/containerd/continuity v0.4.4 // indirect
+	github.com/containerd/continuity v0.4.5 // indirect
-	github.com/containerd/errdefs v0.3.0 // indirect
+	github.com/containerd/errdefs/pkg v0.3.0 // indirect
+	github.com/containerd/fifo v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/containerd/log v0.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/containerd/platforms v0.2.1 // indirect
+	github.com/containerd/plugin v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/containerd/stargz-snapshotter/estargz v0.16.3 // indirect
-	github.com/containerd/ttrpc v1.2.5 // indirect
+	github.com/containerd/ttrpc v1.2.7 // indirect
-	github.com/containerd/typeurl/v2 v2.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/containerd/typeurl/v2 v2.2.3 // indirect
-	github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2 v2.0.6 // indirect
+	github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2 v2.0.7 // indirect
-	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 // indirect
+	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.2-0.20180830191138-d8f796af33cc // indirect
 	github.com/decred/dcrd/dcrec/secp256k1/v4 v4.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/dgraph-io/badger v1.6.2 // indirect
 	github.com/dgraph-io/badger/v2 v2.2007.4 // indirect
 	github.com/dgraph-io/ristretto v0.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/dgryski/go-farm v0.0.0-20200201041132-a6ae2369ad13 // indirect
-	github.com/docker/buildx v0.18.0 // indirect
+	github.com/dgryski/go-rendezvous v0.0.0-20200823014737-9f7001d12a5f // indirect
+	github.com/distribution/distribution/v3 v3.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/dlclark/regexp2 v1.11.5 // indirect
+	github.com/docker/buildx v0.29.1 // indirect
+	github.com/docker/cli-docs-tool v0.10.0 // indirect
 	github.com/docker/distribution v2.8.3+incompatible // indirect
-	github.com/docker/docker-credential-helpers v0.8.2 // indirect
+	github.com/docker/docker-credential-helpers v0.9.3 // indirect
 	github.com/docker/go v1.5.1-1.0.20160303222718-d30aec9fd63c // indirect
 	github.com/docker/go-events v0.0.0-20190806004212-e31b211e4f1c // indirect
 	github.com/docker/go-metrics v0.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.1 // indirect
+	github.com/eiannone/keyboard v0.0.0-20220611211555-0d226195f203 // indirect
+	github.com/emicklei/go-restful/v3 v3.11.0 // indirect
 	github.com/erikgeiser/coninput v0.0.0-20211004153227-1c3628e74d0f // indirect
-	github.com/fatih/color v1.17.0 // indirect
+	github.com/fatih/color v1.18.0 // indirect
 	github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.0.4 // indirect
+	github.com/fsnotify/fsevents v0.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/fvbommel/sortorder v1.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2 v2.7.0 // indirect
 	github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v3 v3.0.3 // indirect
 	github.com/go-kit/kit v0.13.0 // indirect
 	github.com/go-kit/log v0.2.1 // indirect
 	github.com/go-logfmt/logfmt v0.6.0 // indirect
-	github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.2 // indirect
+	github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.3 // indirect
 	github.com/go-logr/stdr v1.2.2 // indirect
+	github.com/go-openapi/jsonpointer v0.21.0 // indirect
+	github.com/go-openapi/jsonreference v0.20.2 // indirect
+	github.com/go-openapi/swag v0.23.0 // indirect
 	github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql v1.8.1 // indirect
 	github.com/go-task/slim-sprig/v3 v3.0.0 // indirect
-	github.com/go-viper/mapstructure/v2 v2.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/go-viper/mapstructure/v2 v2.4.0 // indirect
 	github.com/godbus/dbus/v5 v5.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/gofrs/flock v0.12.1 // indirect
 	github.com/gogo/protobuf v1.3.2 // indirect
-	github.com/golang/glog v1.2.2 // indirect
+	github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v5 v5.2.2 // indirect
+	github.com/golang/glog v1.2.5 // indirect
 	github.com/golang/groupcache v0.0.0-20210331224755-41bb18bfe9da // indirect
 	github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.4 // indirect
 	github.com/golang/snappy v0.0.4 // indirect
 	github.com/google/btree v1.1.2 // indirect
 	github.com/google/cel-go v0.20.1 // indirect
 	github.com/google/flatbuffers v24.3.25+incompatible // indirect
-	github.com/google/pprof v0.0.0-20250317173921-a4b03ec1a45e // indirect
+	github.com/google/gnostic-models v0.6.8 // indirect
+	github.com/google/gofuzz v1.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/google/pprof v0.0.0-20250403155104-27863c87afa6 // indirect
 	github.com/google/shlex v0.0.0-20191202100458-e7afc7fbc510 // indirect
 	github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0 // indirect
+	github.com/gorilla/handlers v1.5.2 // indirect
 	github.com/gorilla/mux v1.8.1 // indirect
-	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.24.0 // indirect
+	github.com/gorilla/websocket v1.5.3 // indirect
+	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.26.1 // indirect
 	github.com/hashicorp/errwrap v1.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/hashicorp/go-cleanhttp v0.5.2 // indirect
 	github.com/hashicorp/go-immutable-radix v1.3.1 // indirect
+	github.com/hashicorp/go-immutable-radix/v2 v2.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/hashicorp/go-msgpack v0.5.5 // indirect
 	github.com/hashicorp/go-msgpack/v2 v2.1.2 // indirect
 	github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror v1.1.1 // indirect
@@ -152,13 +198,15 @@ require (
 	github.com/hashicorp/go-syslog v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/hashicorp/go-version v1.7.0 // indirect
 	github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru v1.0.2 // indirect
+	github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru/arc/v2 v2.0.7 // indirect
 	github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru/v2 v2.0.7 // indirect
 	github.com/hashicorp/logutils v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/hashicorp/mdns v1.0.5 // indirect
 	github.com/huandu/xstrings v1.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/imdario/mergo v0.3.16 // indirect
-	github.com/in-toto/in-toto-golang v0.5.0 // indirect
+	github.com/in-toto/in-toto-golang v0.9.0 // indirect
 	github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/inhies/go-bytesize v0.0.0-20220417184213-4913239db9cf // indirect
 	github.com/ipfs/bbloom v0.0.4 // indirect
 	github.com/ipfs/go-block-format v0.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/ipfs/go-ipfs-util v0.0.3 // indirect
@@ -176,8 +224,12 @@ require (
 	github.com/jackc/pgtype v1.14.0 // indirect
 	github.com/jackc/pgx/v4 v4.18.3 // indirect
 	github.com/jbenet/goprocess v0.1.4 // indirect
+	github.com/jonboulle/clockwork v0.5.0 // indirect
+	github.com/josharian/intern v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/josharian/native v1.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.17.11 // indirect
+	github.com/json-iterator/go v1.1.12 // indirect
+	github.com/kballard/go-shellquote v0.0.0-20180428030007-95032a82bc51 // indirect
+	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.18.0 // indirect
 	github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.2.9 // indirect
 	github.com/lann/builder v0.0.0-20180802200727-47ae307949d0 // indirect
 	github.com/lann/ps v0.0.0-20150810152359-62de8c46ede0 // indirect
@@ -187,6 +239,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p-pubsub v0.11.0 // indirect
 	github.com/libp2p/go-msgio v0.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/lucasb-eyer/go-colorful v1.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/mailru/easyjson v0.7.7 // indirect
 	github.com/manifoldco/promptui v0.9.0 // indirect
 	github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.13 // indirect
 	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20 // indirect
@@ -205,20 +258,27 @@ require (
 	github.com/mitchellh/go-homedir v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/mitchellh/go-ps v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/mitchellh/hashstructure/v2 v2.0.2 // indirect
-	github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure v1.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/mitchellh/reflectwalk v1.0.2 // indirect
-	github.com/moby/buildkit v0.17.2 // indirect
+	github.com/moby/buildkit v0.25.0 // indirect
 	github.com/moby/docker-image-spec v1.3.1 // indirect
+	github.com/moby/go-archive v0.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/moby/locker v1.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/moby/patternmatcher v0.6.0 // indirect
+	github.com/moby/spdystream v0.5.0 // indirect
+	github.com/moby/sys/atomicwriter v0.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/moby/sys/capability v0.4.0 // indirect
+	github.com/moby/sys/mountinfo v0.7.2 // indirect
 	github.com/moby/sys/sequential v0.6.0 // indirect
 	github.com/moby/sys/signal v0.7.1 // indirect
-	github.com/moby/term v0.5.0 // indirect
+	github.com/moby/sys/symlink v0.3.0 // indirect
+	github.com/moby/sys/user v0.4.0 // indirect
+	github.com/moby/sys/userns v0.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/modern-go/concurrent v0.0.0-20180306012644-bacd9c7ef1dd // indirect
+	github.com/modern-go/reflect2 v1.0.2 // indirect
 	github.com/morikuni/aec v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/mr-tron/base58 v1.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/muesli/ansi v0.0.0-20230316100256-276c6243b2f6 // indirect
 	github.com/muesli/cancelreader v0.2.2 // indirect
-	github.com/muesli/termenv v0.15.3-0.20240618155329-98d742f6907a // indirect
 	github.com/multiformats/go-base32 v0.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/multiformats/go-base36 v0.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/multiformats/go-multiaddr v0.13.0 // indirect
@@ -229,93 +289,131 @@ require (
 	github.com/multiformats/go-multistream v0.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/multiformats/go-varint v0.0.7 // indirect
 	github.com/munnerz/goautoneg v0.0.0-20191010083416-a7dc8b61c822 // indirect
+	github.com/mxk/go-flowrate v0.0.0-20140419014527-cca7078d478f // indirect
 	github.com/ncruces/go-strftime v0.1.9 // indirect
 	github.com/onsi/ginkgo/v2 v2.22.0 // indirect
+	github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec v1.2.1 // indirect
+	github.com/opencontainers/selinux v1.12.0 // indirect
 	github.com/pelletier/go-toml v1.9.5 // indirect
 	github.com/pires/go-proxyproto v0.7.0 // indirect
 	github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 // indirect
 	github.com/planetscale/vtprotobuf v0.6.1-0.20240319094008-0393e58bdf10 // indirect
-	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.1-0.20181226105442-5d4384ee4fb2 // indirect
 	github.com/polydawn/refmt v0.89.0 // indirect
 	github.com/posener/complete v1.2.3 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.20.5 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.22.0 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.1 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/common v0.61.0 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/common v0.62.0 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.15.1 // indirect
 	github.com/quic-go/qpack v0.5.1 // indirect
 	github.com/quic-go/quic-go v0.48.2 // indirect
+	github.com/redis/go-redis/extra/rediscmd/v9 v9.0.5 // indirect
+	github.com/redis/go-redis/extra/redisotel/v9 v9.0.5 // indirect
+	github.com/redis/go-redis/v9 v9.7.3 // indirect
 	github.com/remyoudompheng/bigfft v0.0.0-20230129092748-24d4a6f8daec // indirect
 	github.com/rivo/uniseg v0.4.7 // indirect
 	github.com/rs/xid v1.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/russross/blackfriday/v2 v2.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/santhosh-tekuri/jsonschema/v6 v6.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/sean-/seed v0.0.0-20170313163322-e2103e2c3529 // indirect
-	github.com/secure-systems-lab/go-securesystemslib v0.4.0 // indirect
+	github.com/secure-systems-lab/go-securesystemslib v0.6.0 // indirect
+	github.com/serialx/hashring v0.0.0-20200727003509-22c0c7ab6b1b // indirect
 	github.com/shibumi/go-pathspec v1.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/shopspring/decimal v1.4.0 // indirect
 	github.com/shurcooL/sanitized_anchor_name v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/siderolabs/gen v0.4.8 // indirect
 	github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.9.3 // indirect
+	github.com/skratchdot/open-golang v0.0.0-20200116055534-eef842397966 // indirect
 	github.com/slackhq/nebula v1.6.1 // indirect
 	github.com/smallstep/certificates v0.26.1 // indirect
 	github.com/smallstep/nosql v0.6.1 // indirect
-	github.com/smallstep/pkcs7 v0.0.0-20231024181729-3b98ecc1ca81 // indirect
+	github.com/smallstep/pkcs7 v0.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/smallstep/scep v0.0.0-20231024192529-aee96d7ad34d // indirect
 	github.com/smallstep/truststore v0.13.0 // indirect
 	github.com/spaolacci/murmur3 v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/spf13/cast v1.7.0 // indirect
-	github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.5 // indirect
+	github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.10 // indirect
 	github.com/stoewer/go-strcase v1.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/stretchr/objx v0.5.2 // indirect
 	github.com/tailscale/tscert v0.0.0-20240517230440-bbccfbf48933 // indirect
 	github.com/theupdateframework/notary v0.7.0 // indirect
-	github.com/tonistiigi/dchapes-mode v0.0.0-20241001053921-ca0759fec205 // indirect
+	github.com/tilt-dev/fsnotify v1.4.8-0.20220602155310-fff9c274a375 // indirect
-	github.com/tonistiigi/fsutil v0.0.0-20241028165955-397af5306b5c // indirect
+	github.com/tonistiigi/dchapes-mode v0.0.0-20250318174251-73d941a28323 // indirect
-	github.com/tonistiigi/go-csvvalue v0.0.0-20240710180619-ddb21b71c0b4 // indirect
+	github.com/tonistiigi/fsutil v0.0.0-20250605211040-586307ad452f // indirect
+	github.com/tonistiigi/go-csvvalue v0.0.0-20240814133006-030d3b2625d0 // indirect
 	github.com/tonistiigi/units v0.0.0-20180711220420-6950e57a87ea // indirect
 	github.com/tonistiigi/vt100 v0.0.0-20240514184818-90bafcd6abab // indirect
-	github.com/urfave/cli v1.22.16 // indirect
+	github.com/urfave/cli v1.22.17 // indirect
-	github.com/vbatts/tar-split v0.11.6 // indirect
+	github.com/vbatts/tar-split v0.12.1 // indirect
-	github.com/vishvananda/netns v0.0.4 // indirect
+	github.com/vishvananda/netns v0.0.5 // indirect
-	github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonpointer v0.0.0-20190905194746-02993c407bfb // indirect
+	github.com/x448/float16 v0.8.4 // indirect
-	github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonreference v0.0.0-20180127040603-bd5ef7bd5415 // indirect
+	github.com/xhit/go-str2duration/v2 v2.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonschema v1.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/xo/terminfo v0.0.0-20220910002029-abceb7e1c41e // indirect
+	github.com/zclconf/go-cty v1.17.0 // indirect
 	github.com/zeebo/blake3 v0.2.4 // indirect
-	go.etcd.io/bbolt v1.3.11 // indirect
+	go.etcd.io/bbolt v1.4.3 // indirect
 	go.opencensus.io v0.24.0 // indirect
 	go.opentelemetry.io/auto/sdk v1.1.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/google.golang.org/grpc/otelgrpc v0.49.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/bridges/prometheus v0.57.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/httptrace/otelhttptrace v0.46.1 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/exporters/autoexport v0.57.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.58.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/google.golang.org/grpc/otelgrpc v0.60.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.33.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/httptrace/otelhttptrace v0.60.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlpmetric/otlpmetricgrpc v0.44.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.60.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace v1.33.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.36.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc v1.27.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlplog/otlploggrpc v0.8.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.33.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlplog/otlploghttp v0.8.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.33.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlpmetric/otlpmetricgrpc v1.35.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric v1.32.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlpmetric/otlpmetrichttp v1.35.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.33.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace v1.35.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v1.4.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc v1.35.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracehttp v1.35.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/prometheus v0.54.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdoutlog v0.8.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdoutmetric v1.32.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdouttrace v1.32.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/log v0.8.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.36.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.36.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/log v0.8.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric v1.36.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.36.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v1.5.0 // indirect
 	go.step.sm/cli-utils v0.9.0 // indirect
 	go.step.sm/crypto v0.45.0 // indirect
 	go.step.sm/linkedca v0.20.1 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/automaxprocs v1.5.3 // indirect
-	go.uber.org/mock v0.5.0 // indirect
+	go.uber.org/mock v0.6.0 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/multierr v1.11.0 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/zap/exp v0.2.0 // indirect
+	go.yaml.in/yaml/v3 v3.0.4 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/crypto/x509roots/fallback v0.0.0-20240507223354-67b13616a595 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20241215155358-4a5509556b9e // indirect
+	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20250408133849-7e4ce0ab07d0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/mod v0.23.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/mod v0.27.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/term v0.29.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.30.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/text v0.22.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/text v0.28.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/time v0.8.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/time v0.11.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/tools v0.30.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/tools v0.36.0 // indirect
 	golang.zx2c4.com/wintun v0.0.0-20230126152724-0fa3db229ce2 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20240401170217-c3f982113cda // indirect
+	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20250528174236-200df99c418a // indirect
-	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20241209162323-e6fa225c2576 // indirect
+	gopkg.in/evanphx/json-patch.v4 v4.12.0 // indirect
+	gopkg.in/inf.v0 v0.9.1 // indirect
+	gopkg.in/ini.v1 v1.67.0 // indirect
+	gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
 	gvisor.dev/gvisor v0.0.0-20230927004350-cbd86285d259 // indirect
 	howett.net/plist v1.0.0 // indirect
+	k8s.io/api v0.32.3 // indirect
+	k8s.io/apimachinery v0.32.3 // indirect
+	k8s.io/client-go v0.32.3 // indirect
+	k8s.io/klog/v2 v2.130.1 // indirect
+	k8s.io/kube-openapi v0.0.0-20241105132330-32ad38e42d3f // indirect
+	k8s.io/utils v0.0.0-20241104100929-3ea5e8cea738 // indirect
 	lukechampine.com/blake3 v1.3.0 // indirect
 	modernc.org/libc v1.61.13 // indirect
 	modernc.org/mathutil v1.7.1 // indirect
 	modernc.org/memory v1.8.2 // indirect
+	sigs.k8s.io/json v0.0.0-20241010143419-9aa6b5e7a4b3 // indirect
+	sigs.k8s.io/structured-merge-diff/v4 v4.4.2 // indirect
+	sigs.k8s.io/yaml v1.4.0 // indirect
+	tags.cncf.io/container-device-interface v1.0.1 // indirect
 )

internal/cli/build.go

@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+package cli
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/charmbracelet/lipgloss"
+	composetypes "github.com/compose-spec/compose-go/v2/types"
+	mapset "github.com/deckarep/golang-set/v2"
+	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/command"
+	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/flags"
+	composeapi "github.com/docker/compose/v2/pkg/api"
+	composev2 "github.com/docker/compose/v2/pkg/compose"
+	"github.com/docker/compose/v2/pkg/progress"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/client"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/client/compose"
+)
+
+// BuildServicesOptions contains options for building services in a Compose project.
+type BuildServicesOptions struct {
+	// BuildArgs sets build-time variables for services. Used in Dockerfiles that declare variables with ARG.
+	BuildArgs []string
+	// Check the build configuration for services without building them.
+	Check bool
+	// Deps enables to also build services declared as dependencies of the selected Services.
+	Deps bool
+	// NoCache disables the use of cache when building images.
+	NoCache bool
+	// Pull attempts to pull newer versions of the base images before building.
+	Pull bool
+	// Services specifies which services to build. If empty, all services with a build config are built.
+	Services []string
+
+	// Push targets are mutually exclusive.
+	// PushCluster uploads the built images to cluster machines after building.
+	PushCluster bool
+	// PushRegistry uploads the built images to external registries after building.
+	PushRegistry bool
+
+	// Cluster-specific options (only used if PushCluster is true).
+	// Machines is a list of machine names or IDs to push the image to. If empty, images are pushed to all machines.
+	Machines []string
+}
+
+// BuildServices builds images for services in the Compose project.
+func (cli *CLI) BuildServices(ctx context.Context, project *composetypes.Project, opts BuildServicesOptions) error {
+	// Validate push targets.
+	if opts.PushCluster && opts.PushRegistry {
+		return fmt.Errorf("cannot specify both PushCluster and PushRegistry: choose one push target")
+	}
+
+	// Build service images using Compose implementation.
+	dockerCli, err := command.NewDockerCli()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("create docker client: %w", err)
+	}
+	// Initialise the Docker CLI with default options.
+	if err = dockerCli.Initialize(flags.NewClientOptions()); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("initialise docker client: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	composeService := composev2.NewComposeService(dockerCli)
+	buildOpts := composeapi.BuildOptions{
+		Args:     composetypes.NewMappingWithEquals(opts.BuildArgs),
+		Check:    opts.Check,
+		Deps:     opts.Deps,
+		NoCache:  opts.NoCache,
+		Pull:     opts.Pull,
+		Push:     opts.PushRegistry,
+		Services: opts.Services,
+	}
+
+	if err = composeService.Build(ctx, project, buildOpts); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if !opts.PushCluster {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// Push built service images to cluster machines.
+	builtServices, err := ServicesThatNeedBuild(project, opts.Services, opts.Deps)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("determine built services: %w", err)
+	}
+	if len(builtServices) == 0 {
+		// No services were built, nothing to push.
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// Add a line break after the build output.
+	fmt.Fprintln(cli.ProgressOut())
+
+	clusterClient, err := cli.ConnectCluster(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("connect to cluster: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer clusterClient.Close()
+
+	// Push one service image at a time.
+	var errs []error
+	for _, s := range builtServices {
+		if s.Image == "" {
+			// Skip services without an image name (shouldn't happen for services with build config).
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// Push to the specified machines falling back to service x-machines.
+		// If none specified, push to *all* cluster machines.
+		var pushOpts client.PushImageOptions
+
+		if len(opts.Machines) > 0 {
+			pushOpts.Machines = opts.Machines
+		} else if machines, ok := s.Extensions[compose.MachinesExtensionKey].(compose.MachinesSource); ok {
+			pushOpts.Machines = machines
+		}
+
+		if len(pushOpts.Machines) == 0 {
+			pushOpts.AllMachines = true
+		}
+
+		boldStyle := lipgloss.NewStyle().Bold(true)
+		err = progress.RunWithTitle(ctx, func(ctx context.Context) error {
+			if err = clusterClient.PushImage(ctx, s.Image, pushOpts); err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("push image '%s' for service '%s': %w", s.Image, s.Name, err)
+			}
+			return nil
+		}, cli.ProgressOut(), fmt.Sprintf("Pushing image %s to cluster", boldStyle.Render(s.Image)))
+		// Collect errors to try pushing all images.
+		if err != nil {
+			errs = append(errs, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return errors.Join(errs...)
+}
+
+// ServicesThatNeedBuild returns a list of services that require building.
+// deps indicates whether to include services that are dependencies of the selected services.
+// Implementation is based on the logic from docker/compose/v2/pkg/compose/build.go.
+func ServicesThatNeedBuild(
+	project *composetypes.Project, selectedServices []string, deps bool,
+) ([]composetypes.ServiceConfig, error) {
+	servicesToBuild := make([]composetypes.ServiceConfig, 0, len(project.Services))
+
+	var policy composetypes.DependencyOption = composetypes.IgnoreDependencies
+	if deps {
+		policy = composetypes.IncludeDependencies
+	}
+
+	// Also include services used as build.additional_contexts with service: prefix.
+	selectedServices = includeAdditionalContextsServices(project, selectedServices)
+	// Some build dependencies we just introduced may not be enabled, enable them.
+	var err error
+	if project, err = project.WithServicesEnabled(selectedServices...); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if project, err = project.WithSelectedServices(selectedServices); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	err = project.ForEachService(selectedServices, func(serviceName string, service *composetypes.ServiceConfig) error {
+		if service.Build != nil {
+			servicesToBuild = append(servicesToBuild, *service)
+		}
+		return nil
+	}, policy)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return servicesToBuild, nil
+}
+
+// includeAdditionalContextsServices adds services referenced in build.additional_contexts to the list
+// of selected services.
+func includeAdditionalContextsServices(project *composetypes.Project, selectedServices []string) []string {
+	servicesWithDependencies := mapset.NewSet(selectedServices...)
+	for _, service := range selectedServices {
+		s, ok := project.Services[service]
+		if !ok {
+			s = project.DisabledServices[service]
+		}
+		if s.Build != nil {
+			for _, target := range s.Build.AdditionalContexts {
+				if name, found := strings.CutPrefix(target, composetypes.ServicePrefix); found {
+					servicesWithDependencies.Add(name)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if servicesWithDependencies.Cardinality() > len(selectedServices) {
+		return includeAdditionalContextsServices(project, servicesWithDependencies.ToSlice())
+	}
+
+	return servicesWithDependencies.ToSlice()
+}

internal/cli/cli.go

@@ -2,15 +2,13 @@ package cli
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/netip"
 	"os"
+	"slices"
 
-	"github.com/charmbracelet/huh"
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/streams"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli/config"
-	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/fs"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/machine"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/machine/api/pb"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/sshexec"
@@ -22,17 +20,24 @@ import (
 	"google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/emptypb"
 )
 
-const defaultContextName = "default"
+const (
+	// DefaultSSHKeyPath is the fallback location for the SSH private key when provisioning remote machines.
+	// Used when no key is explicitly provided and SSH agent authentication fails.
+	DefaultSSHKeyPath  = "~/.ssh/id_ed25519"
+	DefaultContextName = "default"
+)
 
 type CLI struct {
-	Config *config.Config
+	Config          *config.Config
-	conn   *config.MachineConnection
+	conn            *config.MachineConnection
+	contextOverride string
 }
 
 // New creates a new CLI instance with the given config path or remote machine connection.
 // If the connection is provided, the config is ignored for all operations which is useful for interacting with
 // a cluster without creating a config.
-func New(configPath string, conn *config.MachineConnection) (*CLI, error) {
+// If a non-empty context name is given, it will override the current default.
+func New(configPath string, conn *config.MachineConnection, contextName string) (*CLI, error) {
 	if conn != nil {
 		return &CLI{conn: conn}, nil
 	}
@@ -43,7 +48,8 @@ func New(configPath string, conn *config.MachineConnection) (*CLI, error) {
 	}
 
 	return &CLI{
-		Config: cfg,
+		Config:          cfg,
+		contextOverride: contextName,
 	}, nil
 }
 
@@ -65,11 +71,30 @@ func (cli *CLI) SetCurrentContext(name string) error {
 	return cli.Config.Save()
 }
 
-// ConnectCluster connects to a cluster using the given context name or the current context if not specified.
+func (cli *CLI) GetContextOverrideOrCurrent() string {
+	contextName := cli.contextOverride
+	if contextName == "" {
+		contextName = cli.Config.CurrentContext
+	}
+	return contextName
+}
+
+// ConnectCluster connects to a cluster using the context override or the current context if not specified.
 // If the CLI was initialised with a machine connection, the config is ignored and the connection is used instead.
-func (cli *CLI) ConnectCluster(ctx context.Context, contextName string) (*client.Client, error) {
+func (cli *CLI) ConnectCluster(ctx context.Context) (*client.Client, error) {
+	return cli.ConnectClusterWithOptions(ctx, ConnectOptions{
+		// Default to showing progress for CLI usage.
+		ShowProgress: true,
+	})
+}
+
+// ConnectClusterWithOptions connects to a cluster with the given options.
+// If the CLI was initialised with a machine connection, the config is ignored and the connection is used instead.
+// If the CLI has an override context, it is used instead of the current default.
+// Options are useful when using the CLI as a library where you may want to disable visual feedback.
+func (cli *CLI) ConnectClusterWithOptions(ctx context.Context, opts ConnectOptions) (*client.Client, error) {
 	if cli.conn != nil {
-		return connectCluster(ctx, *cli.conn)
+		return ConnectCluster(ctx, *cli.conn, opts)
 	}
 
 	if len(cli.Config.Contexts) == 0 {
@@ -79,6 +104,8 @@ func (cli *CLI) ConnectCluster(ctx context.Context, contextName string) (*client
 			cli.Config.Path(),
 		)
 	}
+
+	contextName := cli.contextOverride
 	if contextName == "" {
 		// If the cluster is not specified, use the current cluster if set.
 		if cli.Config.CurrentContext == "" {
@@ -111,38 +138,20 @@ func (cli *CLI) ConnectCluster(ctx context.Context, contextName string) (*client
 		)
 	}
 
-	// TODO: iterate over all connections and try to connect to the cluster using the first successful connection.
+	// Try each connection in order until one succeeds.
-	conn := cfg.Connections[0]
+	var lastErr error
-
+	for _, conn := range cfg.Connections {
-	c, err := connectCluster(ctx, conn)
+		c, err := ConnectCluster(ctx, conn, opts)
-	if err != nil {
+		if err == nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("connect to cluster (context '%s'): %w", contextName, err)
+			return c, nil
-	}
-
-	return c, nil
-}
-
-func connectCluster(ctx context.Context, conn config.MachineConnection) (*client.Client, error) {
-	if conn.SSH != "" {
-		user, host, port, err := conn.SSH.Parse()
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("parse SSH connection %q: %w", conn.SSH, err)
 		}
 
-		keyPath := fs.ExpandHomeDir(conn.SSHKeyFile)
+		lastErr = err
-
-		sshConfig := &connector.SSHConnectorConfig{
-			User:    user,
-			Host:    host,
-			Port:    port,
-			KeyPath: keyPath,
-		}
-		return client.New(ctx, connector.NewSSHConnector(sshConfig))
-	} else if conn.TCP != nil && conn.TCP.IsValid() {
-		return client.New(ctx, connector.NewTCPConnector(*conn.TCP))
 	}
 
-	return nil, errors.New("connection configuration is invalid")
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to connect to cluster context '%s': "+
+		"all connections (%d) in the Uncloud config (%s) failed; last error: %w",
+		contextName, len(cfg.Connections), cli.Config.Path(), lastErr)
 }
 
 type InitClusterOptions struct {
@@ -151,6 +160,7 @@ type InitClusterOptions struct {
 	Network       netip.Prefix
 	PublicIP      *netip.Addr
 	RemoteMachine *RemoteMachine
+	SkipInstall   bool
 	Version       string
 }
 
@@ -165,15 +175,12 @@ func (cli *CLI) InitCluster(ctx context.Context, opts InitClusterOptions) (*clie
 }
 
 func (cli *CLI) initRemoteMachine(ctx context.Context, opts InitClusterOptions) (*client.Client, error) {
-	contextName := opts.Context
+	contextName, err := cli.newContextName(opts.Context)
-	if contextName == "" {
+	if err != nil {
-		contextName = defaultContextName
+		return nil, err
-	}
-	if _, ok := cli.Config.Contexts[contextName]; ok {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("cluster context '%s' already exists", contextName)
 	}
 
-	machineClient, err := cli.provisionRemoteMachine(ctx, *opts.RemoteMachine, opts.Version)
+	machineClient, err := provisionOrConnectRemoteMachine(ctx, opts.RemoteMachine, opts.SkipInstall, opts.Version)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -190,7 +197,7 @@ func (cli *CLI) initRemoteMachine(ctx context.Context, opts InitClusterOptions)
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("inspect machine: %w", err)
 	}
 	if minfo.Id != "" {
-		if err = cli.promptResetMachine(); err != nil {
+		if err = promptResetMachine(ctx, machineClient.MachineClient); err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 	}
@@ -235,8 +242,13 @@ func (cli *CLI) initRemoteMachine(ctx context.Context, opts InitClusterOptions)
 
 	// Save the machine's SSH connection details in the context config.
 	connCfg := config.MachineConnection{
-		SSH:        config.NewSSHDestination(opts.RemoteMachine.User, opts.RemoteMachine.Host, opts.RemoteMachine.Port),
 		SSHKeyFile: opts.RemoteMachine.KeyPath,
+		MachineID:  resp.Machine.Id,
+	}
+	if opts.RemoteMachine.UseSSHCLI {
+		connCfg.SSHCLI = config.NewSSHDestination(opts.RemoteMachine.User, opts.RemoteMachine.Host, opts.RemoteMachine.Port)
+	} else {
+		connCfg.SSH = config.NewSSHDestination(opts.RemoteMachine.User, opts.RemoteMachine.Host, opts.RemoteMachine.Port)
 	}
 	cli.Config.Contexts[contextName].Connections = append(cli.Config.Contexts[contextName].Connections, connCfg)
 	if err = cli.Config.Save(); err != nil {
@@ -245,30 +257,59 @@ func (cli *CLI) initRemoteMachine(ctx context.Context, opts InitClusterOptions)
 	return machineClient, nil
 }
 
+// newContextName returns a unique name for a new cluster context. If the provided name is not DefaultContextName,
+// and it's already taken, an error is returned. If the name is not provided or is DefaultContextName, the first
+// available name "default[-N]" is returned.
+func (cli *CLI) newContextName(name string) (string, error) {
+	if name == "" {
+		name = DefaultContextName
+	}
+
+	if _, exists := cli.Config.Contexts[name]; !exists {
+		return name, nil
+	}
+
+	// If non-default context already exists, error out.
+	if name != DefaultContextName {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("cluster context '%s' already exists", name)
+	}
+
+	// The default context already exists, generate a numbered suffix to make it unique.
+	for i := 1; ; i++ {
+		name = fmt.Sprintf("%s-%d", DefaultContextName, i)
+		if _, exists := cli.Config.Contexts[name]; !exists {
+			return name, nil
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 type AddMachineOptions struct {
-	Context       string
 	MachineName   string
 	PublicIP      *netip.Addr
-	RemoteMachine RemoteMachine
+	RemoteMachine *RemoteMachine
+	SkipInstall   bool
 	Version       string
 }
 
-// AddMachine provisions a remote machine and adds it to the cluster. It returns a client to interact with the machine
+// AddMachine provisions a remote machine and adds it to the cluster. It returns a cluster client and a machine client.
-// which should be closed after use by the caller.
+// The cluster client is connected to the existing machine in the cluster. It was used to add the new machine to the
-func (cli *CLI) AddMachine(ctx context.Context, opts AddMachineOptions) (*client.Client, error) {
+// cluster. The machine client is connected to the new machine and can be used to interact with it.
-	contextName := opts.Context
+// Both client should be closed after use by the caller.
-	if contextName == "" {
+func (cli *CLI) AddMachine(ctx context.Context, opts AddMachineOptions) (*client.Client, *client.Client, error) {
-		contextName = cli.Config.CurrentContext
+	contextName := cli.GetContextOverrideOrCurrent()
-	}
+	c, err := cli.ConnectCluster(ctx)
-	c, err := cli.ConnectCluster(ctx, contextName)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("connect to cluster (context '%s'): %w", contextName, err)
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("connect to cluster (context '%s'): %w", contextName, err)
 	}
-	defer c.Close()
+	defer func() {
+		if err != nil {
+			c.Close()
+		}
+	}()
 
-	machineClient, err := cli.provisionRemoteMachine(ctx, opts.RemoteMachine, opts.Version)
+	machineClient, err := provisionOrConnectRemoteMachine(ctx, opts.RemoteMachine, opts.SkipInstall, opts.Version)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return nil, nil, err
 	}
 	defer func() {
 		if err != nil {
@@ -279,11 +320,22 @@ func (cli *CLI) AddMachine(ctx context.Context, opts AddMachineOptions) (*client
 	// Check if the machine is already initialised as a cluster member and prompt the user to reset it first.
 	minfo, err := machineClient.Inspect(ctx, &emptypb.Empty{})
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("inspect machine: %w", err)
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("inspect machine: %w", err)
 	}
 	if minfo.Id != "" {
-		if err = cli.promptResetMachine(); err != nil {
+		// Check if the machine is already a member of this cluster.
-			return nil, err
+		machines, err := c.ListMachines(ctx, nil)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("list cluster machines: %w", err)
+		}
+		if slices.ContainsFunc(machines, func(m *pb.MachineMember) bool {
+			return m.Machine.Id == minfo.Id
+		}) {
+			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("machine is already a member of this cluster (%s)", minfo.Name)
+		}
+
+		if err = promptResetMachine(ctx, machineClient.MachineClient); err != nil {
+			return nil, nil, err
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -292,19 +344,19 @@ func (cli *CLI) AddMachine(ctx context.Context, opts AddMachineOptions) (*client
 	// TODO(lhf): remove Unimplemented check when v0.9.0 is released.
 	if err != nil {
 		if status.Convert(err).Code() != codes.Unimplemented {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("check machine prerequisites: %w", err)
+			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("check machine prerequisites: %w", err)
 		}
 	} else if !checkResp.Satisfied {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("machine prerequisites not satisfied: %s", checkResp.Error)
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("machine prerequisites not satisfied: %s", checkResp.Error)
 	}
 
 	tokenResp, err := machineClient.Token(ctx, &emptypb.Empty{})
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("get remote machine token: %w", err)
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("get remote machine token: %w", err)
 	}
 	token, err := machine.ParseToken(tokenResp.Token)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("parse remote machine token: %w", err)
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("parse remote machine token: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	// Register the machine in the cluster using its public key and endpoints from the token.
@@ -330,13 +382,13 @@ func (cli *CLI) AddMachine(ctx context.Context, opts AddMachineOptions) (*client
 
 	addResp, err := c.AddMachine(ctx, addReq)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("add machine to cluster (context '%s'): %w", contextName, err)
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("add machine to cluster (context '%s'): %w", contextName, err)
 	}
 
-	// List other machines in the cluster to include them in the join request.
+	// Get the most up-to-date list of other machines in the cluster to include them in the join request.
 	machines, err := c.ListMachines(ctx, nil)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("list cluster machines: %w", err)
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("list cluster machines: %w", err)
 	}
 	otherMachines := make([]*pb.MachineInfo, 0, len(machines)-1)
 	for _, m := range machines {
@@ -351,7 +403,7 @@ func (cli *CLI) AddMachine(ctx context.Context, opts AddMachineOptions) (*client
 		OtherMachines: otherMachines,
 	}
 	if _, err = machineClient.JoinCluster(ctx, joinReq); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("join cluster: %w", err)
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("join cluster: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	// TODO: fix empty context name when using the current context (contextName == "").
@@ -359,42 +411,86 @@ func (cli *CLI) AddMachine(ctx context.Context, opts AddMachineOptions) (*client
 
 	// Save the machine's SSH connection details in the context config.
 	connCfg := config.MachineConnection{
-		SSH:        config.NewSSHDestination(opts.RemoteMachine.User, opts.RemoteMachine.Host, opts.RemoteMachine.Port),
 		SSHKeyFile: opts.RemoteMachine.KeyPath,
+		MachineID:  addResp.Machine.Id,
 	}
-	if contextName == "" {
+	if opts.RemoteMachine.UseSSHCLI {
-		contextName = cli.Config.CurrentContext
+		connCfg.SSHCLI = config.NewSSHDestination(opts.RemoteMachine.User, opts.RemoteMachine.Host, opts.RemoteMachine.Port)
+	} else {
+		connCfg.SSH = config.NewSSHDestination(opts.RemoteMachine.User, opts.RemoteMachine.Host, opts.RemoteMachine.Port)
 	}
 	cli.Config.Contexts[contextName].Connections = append(cli.Config.Contexts[contextName].Connections, connCfg)
 	if err = cli.Config.Save(); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("save config: %w", err)
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("save config: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	return machineClient, nil
+	return c, machineClient, nil
 }
 
-// provisionRemoteMachine installs the Uncloud daemon and dependencies on the remote machine over SSH and returns
+// provisionOrConnectRemoteMachine installs the Uncloud daemon and dependencies on the remote machine over SSH and
-// a machine API client to interact with the machine. The client should be closed after use by the caller.
+// returns a machine API client to interact with the machine. The client should be closed after use by the caller.
 // The version parameter specifies the version of the Uncloud daemon to install. If empty, the latest version is used.
-func (cli *CLI) provisionRemoteMachine(
+// If skipInstall is true, the installation step is skipped, and it is assumed that the Uncloud daemon and dependencies
-	ctx context.Context, remoteMachine RemoteMachine, version string,
+// are already installed and running.
+// The remoteMachine.SSHKeyPath could be updated to the default SSH key path if it is not set and the SSH agent
+// authentication fails.
+func provisionOrConnectRemoteMachine(
+	ctx context.Context, remoteMachine *RemoteMachine, skipInstall bool, version string,
 ) (*client.Client, error) {
-	// Provision the remote machine by installing the Uncloud daemon and dependencies over SSH.
+	// Use SSH CLI
+	if remoteMachine.UseSSHCLI {
+		exec := sshexec.NewSSHCLIRemote(
+			remoteMachine.User,
+			remoteMachine.Host,
+			remoteMachine.Port,
+			remoteMachine.KeyPath,
+		)
+
+		if !skipInstall {
+			if err := provisionMachine(ctx, exec, version); err != nil {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("provision machine: %w", err)
+			}
+		}
+
+		sshConfig := &connector.SSHConnectorConfig{
+			User:    remoteMachine.User,
+			Host:    remoteMachine.Host,
+			Port:    remoteMachine.Port,
+			KeyPath: remoteMachine.KeyPath,
+		}
+		machineClient, err := client.New(ctx, connector.NewSSHCLIConnector(sshConfig))
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("connect to remote machine: %w", err)
+		}
+		return machineClient, nil
+	}
+
+	// Use Go SSH
 	sshClient, err := sshexec.Connect(remoteMachine.User, remoteMachine.Host, remoteMachine.Port, remoteMachine.KeyPath)
+	// If the SSH connection using SSH agent fails and no key path is provided, try to use the default SSH key.
+	if err != nil && remoteMachine.KeyPath == "" {
+		remoteMachine.KeyPath = DefaultSSHKeyPath
+		sshClient, err = sshexec.Connect(
+			remoteMachine.User, remoteMachine.Host, remoteMachine.Port, remoteMachine.KeyPath,
+		)
+	}
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf(
 			"SSH login to remote machine %s: %w",
 			config.NewSSHDestination(remoteMachine.User, remoteMachine.Host, remoteMachine.Port), err,
 		)
 	}
-	exec := sshexec.NewRemote(sshClient)
+
-	// Install and run the Uncloud daemon and dependencies on the remote machine.
+	if !skipInstall {
-	if err = provisionMachine(ctx, exec, version); err != nil {
+		// Provision the remote machine by installing the Uncloud daemon and dependencies over SSH.
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("provision machine: %w", err)
+		exec := sshexec.NewRemote(sshClient)
+		if err = provisionMachine(ctx, exec, version); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("provision machine: %w", err)
+		}
 	}
 
 	var machineClient *client.Client
-	if remoteMachine.User == "root" {
+	if remoteMachine.User == "root" || skipInstall {
 		// Create a machine API client over the established SSH connection to the remote machine.
 		machineClient, err = client.New(ctx, connector.NewSSHConnectorFromClient(sshClient))
 	} else {
@@ -414,31 +510,6 @@ func (cli *CLI) provisionRemoteMachine(
 	return machineClient, nil
 }
 
-func (cli *CLI) promptResetMachine() error {
-	var confirm bool
-	form := huh.NewForm(
-		huh.NewGroup(
-			huh.NewConfirm().
-				Title(
-					"The remote machine is already initialised as a cluster member. Do you want to reset it first?",
-				).
-				Affirmative("Yes!").
-				Negative("No").
-				Value(&confirm),
-		),
-	).WithAccessible(true)
-	if err := form.Run(); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("prompt user to confirm: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if !confirm {
-		return fmt.Errorf("remote machine is already initialised as a cluster member")
-	}
-	// TODO: implement resetting the remote machine.
-	return fmt.Errorf("resetting the remote machine is not implemented yet. " +
-		"Please manually run 'uncloud-uninstall' on the remote machine to fully uninstall Uncloud from it")
-}
-
 // ProgressOut returns an output stream for progress writer.
 func (cli *CLI) ProgressOut() *streams.Out {
 	return streams.NewOut(os.Stdout)

internal/cli/config/config.go

@@ -53,11 +53,15 @@ func (c *Config) Read() error {
 
 func (c *Config) Save() error {
 	dir, _ := filepath.Split(c.path)
-	if err := os.MkdirAll(dir, 0700); err != nil {
+	// If dir is empty (e.g., when path is just a filename), use current directory
+	if dir == "" {
+		dir = "."
+	}
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(dir, 0o700); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("create config directory '%s': %w", dir, err)
 	}
 
-	f, err := os.OpenFile(c.path, os.O_WRONLY|os.O_CREATE|os.O_TRUNC, 0600)
+	f, err := os.OpenFile(c.path, os.O_WRONLY|os.O_CREATE|os.O_TRUNC, 0o600)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("write config file '%s': %w", c.path, err)
 	}

internal/cli/config/config_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+package config
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestConfig_Save(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	// Create a temporary directory for the test
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+
+	// Change to temp directory so relative paths resolve correctly
+	originalDir, err := os.Getwd()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to get current directory: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if err := os.Chdir(originalDir); err != nil {
+			t.Logf("Failed to restore original directory: %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name            string
+		configPath      string
+		contextName     string
+		expectFileAt    string // Expected file location for verification
+		useAbsolutePath bool   // Whether to use absolute path for expectFileAt
+	}{
+		{
+			name:        "relative path without prefix",
+			configPath:  "test-config.yaml",
+			contextName: "test",
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "relative path with prefix",
+			configPath:  "./test-config-2.yaml",
+			contextName: "test2",
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "absolute path",
+			configPath:  filepath.Join(tmpDir, "absolute-config.yaml"),
+			contextName: "test3",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			if err := os.Chdir(tmpDir); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("Failed to change to temp directory: %v", err)
+			}
+
+			cfg := &Config{
+				CurrentContext: tt.contextName,
+				Contexts: map[string]*Context{
+					tt.contextName: {
+						Name: tt.contextName,
+					},
+				},
+				path: tt.configPath,
+			}
+
+			// This should not fail when saving the config
+			err := cfg.Save()
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Errorf("Expected no error when saving config, got: %v", err)
+			}
+
+			// Verify the file was created
+			if _, err := os.Stat(tt.configPath); os.IsNotExist(err) {
+				t.Errorf("Config file was not created at expected path: %s", tt.configPath)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

internal/cli/config/connection.go

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 package config
 
 import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"net/netip"
 	"strconv"
@@ -16,12 +18,54 @@ const (
 
 type MachineConnection struct {
 	SSH        SSHDestination `yaml:"ssh,omitempty"`
+	SSHCLI     SSHDestination `yaml:"ssh_cli,omitempty"`
 	SSHKeyFile string         `yaml:"ssh_key_file,omitempty"`
 	// TCP is the address and port of the machine's API server.
 	// The pointer is used to omit the field when not set. Otherwise, yaml marshalling includes an empty object.
-	TCP       *netip.AddrPort `yaml:"tcp,omitempty"`
+	TCP *netip.AddrPort `yaml:"tcp,omitempty"`
-	Host      string          `yaml:"host,omitempty"`
+	// Unix is the path to the machine's API unix socket.
-	PublicKey secret.Secret   `yaml:"public_key,omitempty"`
+	Unix      string        `yaml:"unix,omitempty"`
+	Host      string        `yaml:"host,omitempty"`
+	PublicKey secret.Secret `yaml:"public_key,omitempty"`
+	MachineID string        `yaml:"machine_id,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (c MachineConnection) String() string {
+	if c.SSH != "" {
+		return "ssh://" + string(c.SSH)
+	} else if c.SSHCLI != "" {
+		return "ssh+cli://" + string(c.SSHCLI)
+	} else if c.TCP != nil && c.TCP.IsValid() {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("tcp://%s", c.TCP)
+	} else if c.Unix != "" {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("unix://%s", c.Unix)
+	}
+	return "unknown connection"
+}
+
+func (c *MachineConnection) Validate() error {
+	setCount := 0
+	if c.SSH != "" {
+		setCount++
+	}
+	if c.SSHCLI != "" {
+		setCount++
+	}
+	if c.TCP != nil && c.TCP.IsValid() {
+		setCount++
+	}
+	if c.Unix != "" {
+		setCount++
+	}
+
+	if setCount == 0 {
+		return errors.New("no connection method specified (ssh, ssh_cli, tcp, or unix required)")
+	}
+	if setCount > 1 {
+		return errors.New("only one connection method allowed per connection (ssh, ssh_cli, tcp, or unix)")
+	}
+
+	return nil
 }
 
 // SSHDestination represents an SSH destination string in the canonical form of "user@host:port".

internal/cli/config/connection_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+package config
+
+import (
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestMachineConnection_String(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		conn MachineConnection
+		want string
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "ssh connection",
+			conn: MachineConnection{
+				SSH: "user@host.com",
+			},
+			want: "ssh://user@host.com",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "ssh connection with port",
+			conn: MachineConnection{
+				SSH: "user@host.com:2222",
+			},
+			want: "ssh://user@host.com:2222",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "ssh_cli connection",
+			conn: MachineConnection{
+				SSHCLI: "user@host.com",
+			},
+			want: "ssh+cli://user@host.com",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "ssh_cli connection with port",
+			conn: MachineConnection{
+				SSHCLI: "user@host.com:2222",
+			},
+			want: "ssh+cli://user@host.com:2222",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "tcp connection",
+			conn: MachineConnection{
+				TCP: func() *netip.AddrPort {
+					addr := netip.MustParseAddrPort("10.0.0.1:8080")
+					return &addr
+				}(),
+			},
+			want: "tcp://10.0.0.1:8080",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "unix connection",
+			conn: MachineConnection{
+				Unix: "/run/uncloud/uncloud.sock",
+			},
+			want: "unix:///run/uncloud/uncloud.sock",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "no connection",
+			conn: MachineConnection{},
+			want: "unknown connection",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "ssh connection with machine id",
+			conn: MachineConnection{
+				SSH:       "user@host.com",
+				MachineID: "ed98b9f7575308c340263cd279e3b568",
+			},
+			// String() does not use MachineID; just verifying entry with it is valid
+			want: "ssh://user@host.com",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			got := tt.conn.String()
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.want, got)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMachineConnection_Validate(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		conn    MachineConnection
+		wantErr bool
+		errMsg  string
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "ssh only - valid",
+			conn: MachineConnection{
+				SSH: "user@host",
+			},
+			wantErr: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "ssh_cli only - valid",
+			conn: MachineConnection{
+				SSHCLI: "user@host",
+			},
+			wantErr: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "tcp only - valid",
+			conn: MachineConnection{
+				TCP: func() *netip.AddrPort {
+					addr := netip.MustParseAddrPort("10.0.0.1:8080")
+					return &addr
+				}(),
+			},
+			wantErr: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "unix only - valid",
+			conn: MachineConnection{
+				Unix: "/path/to/socket",
+			},
+			wantErr: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "no connection method - error",
+			conn:    MachineConnection{},
+			wantErr: true,
+			errMsg:  "no connection method specified",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "ssh and ssh_cli - error",
+			conn: MachineConnection{
+				SSH:    "user@host",
+				SSHCLI: "user@host",
+			},
+			wantErr: true,
+			errMsg:  "only one connection method allowed",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "ssh and unix - error",
+			conn: MachineConnection{
+				SSH:  "user@host",
+				Unix: "/path/to/socket",
+			},
+			wantErr: true,
+			errMsg:  "only one connection method allowed",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "ssh and tcp - error",
+			conn: MachineConnection{
+				SSH: "user@host",
+				TCP: func() *netip.AddrPort {
+					addr := netip.MustParseAddrPort("10.0.0.1:8080")
+					return &addr
+				}(),
+			},
+			wantErr: true,
+			errMsg:  "only one connection method allowed",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "ssh_cli and tcp - error",
+			conn: MachineConnection{
+				SSHCLI: "user@host",
+				TCP: func() *netip.AddrPort {
+					addr := netip.MustParseAddrPort("10.0.0.1:8080")
+					return &addr
+				}(),
+			},
+			wantErr: true,
+			errMsg:  "only one connection method allowed",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "all three - error",
+			conn: MachineConnection{
+				SSH:    "user@host",
+				SSHCLI: "user@host2",
+				TCP: func() *netip.AddrPort {
+					addr := netip.MustParseAddrPort("10.0.0.1:8080")
+					return &addr
+				}(),
+			},
+			wantErr: true,
+			errMsg:  "only one connection method allowed",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			err := tt.conn.Validate()
+			if tt.wantErr {
+				assert.Error(t, err)
+				assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), tt.errMsg)
+			} else {
+				assert.NoError(t, err)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

internal/cli/config/context.go

@@ -4,3 +4,21 @@ type Context struct {
 	Name        string              `yaml:"-"`
 	Connections []MachineConnection `yaml:"connections"`
 }
+
+func (c *Context) SetDefaultConnection(index int) {
+	// Do nothing if the index is out of range.
+	if index < 0 || index >= len(c.Connections) {
+		return
+	}
+
+	selected := c.Connections[index]
+	newConnections := make([]MachineConnection, 0, len(c.Connections))
+	newConnections = append(newConnections, selected)
+
+	for i, conn := range c.Connections {
+		if i != index {
+			newConnections = append(newConnections, conn)
+		}
+	}
+	c.Connections = newConnections
+}

internal/cli/connect.go

@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+package cli
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/charmbracelet/bubbles/spinner"
+	tea "github.com/charmbracelet/bubbletea"
+	"github.com/charmbracelet/lipgloss"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli/config"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/fs"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/client"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/client/connector"
+)
+
+// ConnectOptions configures the behavior of cluster connection attempts.
+type ConnectOptions struct {
+	// Whether to show connection progress spinner if stdout is a terminal or progress logs if not.
+	ShowProgress bool
+}
+
+func ConnectCluster(ctx context.Context, conn config.MachineConnection, opts ConnectOptions) (*client.Client, error) {
+	if opts.ShowProgress {
+		return connectClusterWithProgress(ctx, conn)
+	}
+	return connectCluster(ctx, conn)
+}
+
+// connectClusterWithProgress connects to the cluster while displaying a progress spinner.
+// If the stdout is not a terminal, it falls back to simple progress logs to stderr.
+func connectClusterWithProgress(ctx context.Context, conn config.MachineConnection) (*client.Client, error) {
+	// If stdout is not a terminal, fall back to simple progress logs.
+	if !IsStdoutTerminal() {
+		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "Connecting to", conn.String())
+		cli, err := connectCluster(ctx, conn)
+		if err != nil {
+			fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "Connection failed:", err)
+		} else {
+			fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "Connected to cluster.")
+		}
+		return cli, err
+	}
+
+	// Run the connection TUI model.
+	p := tea.NewProgram(newConnectModel(ctx, conn))
+	model, err := p.Run()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("run connection TUI: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	m := model.(connectModel)
+	return m.result.client, m.result.err
+}
+
+func connectCluster(ctx context.Context, conn config.MachineConnection) (*client.Client, error) {
+	// Determine which SSH type is configured
+	var sshDest config.SSHDestination
+	var useSSHCLI bool
+
+	// Validate connection configuration early to provide clear error messages.
+	if err := conn.Validate(); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid connection configuration: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if conn.SSH != "" {
+		sshDest = conn.SSH
+		useSSHCLI = false
+	} else if conn.SSHCLI != "" {
+		sshDest = conn.SSHCLI
+		useSSHCLI = true
+	} else if conn.TCP != nil && conn.TCP.IsValid() {
+		return client.New(ctx, connector.NewTCPConnector(*conn.TCP))
+	} else if conn.Unix != "" {
+		return client.New(ctx, connector.NewUnixConnector(conn.Unix))
+	} else {
+		return nil, errors.New("connection configuration is invalid")
+	}
+
+	// Parse SSH destination and create config (shared for both types)
+	user, host, port, err := sshDest.Parse()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("parse SSH connection %q: %w", sshDest, err)
+	}
+
+	keyPath := fs.ExpandHomeDir(conn.SSHKeyFile)
+
+	sshConfig := &connector.SSHConnectorConfig{
+		User:    user,
+		Host:    host,
+		Port:    port,
+		KeyPath: keyPath,
+	}
+
+	// Create appropriate connector based on type
+	if useSSHCLI {
+		return client.New(ctx, connector.NewSSHCLIConnector(sshConfig))
+	}
+	return client.New(ctx, connector.NewSSHConnector(sshConfig))
+}
+
+// connectModel is a TUI model for connecting to a cluster with a progress spinner.
+type connectModel struct {
+	ctx     context.Context
+	conn    config.MachineConnection
+	spinner spinner.Model
+	// showSpinner controls whether the spinner is visible (delayed to avoid flashing).
+	showSpinner bool
+	// done indicates whether the connection attempt has completed (successfully or with error).
+	done bool
+	// result holds the result of the connection attempt.
+	result connectResultMsg
+}
+
+type connectResultMsg struct {
+	client *client.Client
+	err    error
+}
+
+// showSpinnerMsg is sent after a delay to show the spinner.
+type showSpinnerMsg struct{}
+
+func newConnectModel(ctx context.Context, conn config.MachineConnection) connectModel {
+	s := spinner.New()
+	s.Spinner = spinner.MiniDot
+	s.Style = lipgloss.NewStyle().Foreground(lipgloss.Color("3")) // the same yellow as in compose progress
+
+	return connectModel{
+		ctx:     ctx,
+		conn:    conn,
+		spinner: s,
+	}
+}
+
+func (m connectModel) Init() tea.Cmd {
+	return tea.Batch(
+		m.spinner.Tick,
+		m.connect(),
+		m.delayShowSpinner(),
+	)
+}
+
+func (m connectModel) connect() tea.Cmd {
+	return func() tea.Msg {
+		cli, err := connectCluster(m.ctx, m.conn)
+		return connectResultMsg{
+			client: cli,
+			err:    err,
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// delayShowSpinner returns a command that sends a message to show the spinner after a delay.
+// This avoids flashing the spinner if the connection is fast.
+func (m connectModel) delayShowSpinner() tea.Cmd {
+	return tea.Tick(500*time.Millisecond, func(t time.Time) tea.Msg {
+		return showSpinnerMsg{}
+	})
+}
+
+func (m connectModel) Update(msg tea.Msg) (tea.Model, tea.Cmd) {
+	select {
+	case <-m.ctx.Done():
+		m.result.err = m.ctx.Err()
+		m.done = true
+		return m, tea.Quit
+	default:
+	}
+
+	switch msg := msg.(type) {
+	case connectResultMsg:
+		m.result = msg
+		m.done = true
+		return m, tea.Quit
+
+	case showSpinnerMsg:
+		// Only show spinner if connection hasn't completed yet.
+		if !m.done {
+			m.showSpinner = true
+		}
+		return m, nil
+
+	case spinner.TickMsg:
+		var cmd tea.Cmd
+		m.spinner, cmd = m.spinner.Update(msg)
+		return m, cmd
+
+	case tea.KeyMsg:
+		if msg.Type == tea.KeyCtrlC {
+			m.result.err = fmt.Errorf("connection cancelled")
+			m.done = true
+			return m, tea.Quit
+		}
+	}
+
+	return m, nil
+}
+
+func (m connectModel) View() string {
+	// Don't show anything if done or spinner not yet visible.
+	if m.done || !m.showSpinner {
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	style := lipgloss.NewStyle().Foreground(lipgloss.Color("153"))
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s %s\n",
+		m.spinner.View(),
+		fmt.Sprintf("Connecting to %s", style.Render(m.conn.String())),
+	)
+}

internal/cli/flags.go

@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
 package cli
 
 import (
+	"log"
+	"os"
 	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
 
 // ExpandCommaSeparatedValues takes a slice of strings and expands any comma-separated values into individual elements.
@@ -21,3 +25,12 @@ func ExpandCommaSeparatedValues(values []string) []string {
 
 	return expanded
 }
+
+// BindEnvToFlag assigns the value of an environment variable to the given command flag if the flag has not been set.
+func BindEnvToFlag(cmd *cobra.Command, flagName, envVar string) {
+	if value := os.Getenv(envVar); value != "" && !cmd.Flags().Changed(flagName) {
+		if err := cmd.Flags().Set(flagName, value); err != nil {
+			log.Fatalf("Failed to bind environment variable '%s' to flag '%s': %v", envVar, flagName, err)
+		}
+	}
+}

internal/cli/machine.go

@@ -5,18 +5,27 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
 	"strings"
+	"time"
 
+	"github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4"
+	"github.com/charmbracelet/huh"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/machine/api/pb"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/sshexec"
+	"google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/emptypb"
 )
 
-// TODO: support pinning the script version to the CLI version.
+const (
-const installScriptURL = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/psviderski/uncloud/refs/heads/main/scripts/install.sh"
+	// TODO: support pinning the script version to the CLI version.
+	installScriptURL = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/psviderski/uncloud/refs/heads/main/scripts/install.sh"
+	rootUser         = "root"
+)
 
 type RemoteMachine struct {
-	User    string
+	User      string
-	Host    string
+	Host      string
-	Port    int
+	Port      int
-	KeyPath string
+	KeyPath   string
+	UseSSHCLI bool // indicates ssh+cli:// should be used
 }
 
 func installCmd(user string, version string) string {
@@ -24,7 +33,7 @@ func installCmd(user string, version string) string {
 	var env []string
 
 	// Add the SSH user (non-root) to the uncloud group to allow access to the Uncloud daemon unix socket.
-	if user != "root" {
+	if user != rootUser {
 		sudoPrefix = "sudo"
 		env = append(env, "UNCLOUD_GROUP_ADD_USER="+sshexec.Quote(user))
 	}
@@ -46,6 +55,26 @@ func provisionMachine(ctx context.Context, exec sshexec.Executor, version string
 		return fmt.Errorf("run whoami: %w", err)
 	}
 
+	if user != rootUser {
+		// 'sudo -n' is not used because it fails with 'sudo: a password is required' when the user has no password
+		// in /etc/shadow even though it may have valid sudo access.
+		out, err := exec.Run(ctx, "sudo true")
+		if err != nil {
+			if strings.Contains(out, "password is required") {
+				return fmt.Errorf(
+					"user '%[1]s' requires a password for sudo, but Uncloud needs passwordless sudo or root access "+
+						"to install and configure the uncloudd daemon on the remote machine.\n\n"+
+						"Possible solutions:\n"+
+						"1. Use root user or a user with passwordless sudo instead.\n"+
+						"2. Configure passwordless sudo for the user '%[1]s' by running on the remote machine:\n"+
+						"   echo '%[1]s ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL' | sudo tee /etc/sudoers.d/%[1]s",
+					user)
+			}
+			return fmt.Errorf("sudo command failed for user '%s': %w. "+
+				"Please ensure the user has sudo privileges or use root user instead", user, err)
+		}
+	}
+
 	cmd := installCmd(user, version)
 
 	fmt.Println("Downloading Uncloud install script:", installScriptURL)
@@ -56,3 +85,56 @@ func provisionMachine(ctx context.Context, exec sshexec.Executor, version string
 	}
 	return nil
 }
+
+func promptResetMachine(ctx context.Context, machineClient pb.MachineClient) error {
+	var confirm bool
+	form := huh.NewForm(
+		huh.NewGroup(
+			huh.NewConfirm().
+				Title(
+					"The remote machine is already initialised as a cluster member. Do you want to reset it first?\n" +
+						"This will:\n" +
+						"- Remove all service containers from the machine\n" +
+						"- Reset the machine to the uninitialised state",
+				).
+				Affirmative("Yes!").
+				Negative("No").
+				Value(&confirm),
+		),
+	).WithAccessible(true)
+	if err := form.Run(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("prompt user to confirm: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if !confirm {
+		return fmt.Errorf("remote machine is already initialised as a cluster member")
+	}
+
+	if _, err := machineClient.Reset(ctx, &pb.ResetRequest{}); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("reset remote machine: %w. You can also manually run 'uncloud-uninstall' "+
+			"on the remote machine to fully uninstall Uncloud from it", err)
+	}
+	fmt.Println("Resetting the remote machine...")
+	if err := waitMachineReady(ctx, machineClient, 1*time.Minute); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("wait for machine to be ready after reset: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// waitMachineReady waits for the machine to be ready to serve requests.
+func waitMachineReady(ctx context.Context, machineClient pb.MachineClient, timeout time.Duration) error {
+	boff := backoff.WithContext(backoff.NewExponentialBackOff(
+		backoff.WithMaxInterval(1*time.Second),
+		backoff.WithMaxElapsedTime(timeout),
+	), ctx)
+
+	inspect := func() error {
+		_, err := machineClient.Inspect(ctx, &emptypb.Empty{})
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("inspect machine: %w", err)
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+	return backoff.Retry(inspect, boff)
+}

internal/cli/prompt.go

@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
 package cli
 
-import "github.com/charmbracelet/huh"
+import (
+	"os"
+
+	"github.com/charmbracelet/huh"
+	"golang.org/x/term"
+)
 
 func Confirm() (bool, error) {
 	var confirmed bool
@@ -21,3 +26,13 @@ func Confirm() (bool, error) {
 
 	return confirmed, nil
 }
+
+// IsStdinTerminal checks if the standard input is a terminal (TTY).
+func IsStdinTerminal() bool {
+	return term.IsTerminal(int(os.Stdin.Fd()))
+}
+
+// IsStdoutTerminal checks if the standard output is a terminal (TTY).
+func IsStdoutTerminal() bool {
+	return term.IsTerminal(int(os.Stdout.Fd()))
+}

internal/corrosion/client.go

@@ -5,14 +5,15 @@ import (
 	"crypto/tls"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4"
-	"golang.org/x/net/http2"
 	"log/slog"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/netip"
 	"net/url"
 	"time"
+
+	"github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4"
+	"golang.org/x/net/http2"
 )
 
 const (

internal/corrosion/subscribe.go

@@ -6,11 +6,12 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4"
 	"io"
 	"log/slog"
 	"net/http"
 	"strconv"
+
+	"github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4"
 )
 
 type ChangeType string

internal/daemon/daemon.go

@@ -3,8 +3,9 @@ package daemon
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
-	systemd "github.com/coreos/go-systemd/daemon"
 	"log/slog"
+
+	systemd "github.com/coreos/go-systemd/daemon"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/machine"
 )
 

internal/daemon/token.go

@@ -3,10 +3,11 @@ package daemon
 import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/machine"
-	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/machine/network"
 	"net/netip"
 	"os"
+
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/machine"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/machine/network"
 )
 
 // MachineToken returns the local machine's token that can be used for adding the machine to a cluster.

internal/docker/client.go

@@ -4,13 +4,19 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4"
-	"github.com/docker/docker/client"
 	"log/slog"
 	"time"
+
+	"github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/client"
 )
 
+type Client struct {
+	*client.Client
+}
+
 // WaitDaemonReady waits for the Docker daemon to start and be ready to serve requests.
+// TODO(lhf): convert into a Client method.
 func WaitDaemonReady(ctx context.Context, cli *client.Client) error {
 	// Retry to ping the Docker daemon until it's ready or the context is canceled.
 	boff := backoff.WithContext(backoff.NewExponentialBackOff(

internal/docker/container.go

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+package docker
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/containerd/errdefs"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/container"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/image"
+	"github.com/docker/go-connections/nat"
+)
+
+// CreateContainerWithImagePull creates a container. If the image is missing, it pulls the image first.
+func (cli *Client) CreateContainerWithImagePull(
+	ctx context.Context, name string, config *container.Config, hostConfig *container.HostConfig,
+) (container.CreateResponse, error) {
+	resp, err := cli.ContainerCreate(ctx, config, hostConfig, nil, nil, name)
+	if err == nil || !errdefs.IsNotFound(err) {
+		return resp, err
+	}
+
+	pullCh, err := cli.PullImage(ctx, config.Image, image.PullOptions{})
+	if err != nil {
+		return resp, fmt.Errorf("pull image: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Drain the pull channel until it's closed (image is fully pulled) or an error occurs.
+	// If the context is canceled during the pull, the channel will receive a context cancellation error.
+	for msg := range pullCh {
+		if msg.Err != nil {
+			return resp, fmt.Errorf("pull image: %w", msg.Err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Create container again after image pull.
+	if resp, err = cli.ContainerCreate(ctx, config, hostConfig, nil, nil, name); err != nil {
+		return resp, err
+	}
+
+	return resp, nil
+}
+
+// WaitPortPublished waits for a container port to be published on the host which happens asynchronously.
+func (cli *Client) WaitPortPublished(ctx context.Context, containerID string, port nat.Port) ([]nat.PortBinding, error) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 5*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	for {
+		c, err := cli.ContainerInspect(ctx, containerID)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("inspect container: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		binding, ok := c.NetworkSettings.Ports[port]
+		if ok && len(binding) > 0 {
+			return binding, nil
+		}
+
+		select {
+		case <-time.After(10 * time.Millisecond):
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			if errors.Is(ctx.Err(), context.DeadlineExceeded) {
+				return nil, errors.New("timeout")
+			}
+			return nil, ctx.Err()
+		}
+	}
+}

internal/docker/image.go

@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+package docker
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+
+	dockercommand "github.com/docker/cli/cli/command"
+	dockerconfig "github.com/docker/cli/cli/config"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/image"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/registry"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/pkg/jsonmessage"
+)
+
+type PullPushImageMessage struct {
+	Message jsonmessage.JSONMessage
+	Err     error
+}
+
+// PullImage pulls an image and returns a channel to receive progress messages.
+func (cli *Client) PullImage(
+	ctx context.Context, image string, opts image.PullOptions,
+) (<-chan PullPushImageMessage, error) {
+	if opts.RegistryAuth == "" {
+		// Try to retrieve the authentication token for the image from the default local Docker config file.
+		if encodedAuth, err := RetrieveLocalDockerRegistryAuth(image); err == nil {
+			opts.RegistryAuth = encodedAuth
+		}
+	}
+
+	respBody, err := cli.ImagePull(ctx, image, opts)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	ch := make(chan PullPushImageMessage)
+	go processPullPushImageResp(ctx, respBody, ch)
+
+	return ch, nil
+}
+
+// PushImage pushes an image and returns a channel to receive progress messages.
+func (cli *Client) PushImage(
+	ctx context.Context, image string, opts image.PushOptions,
+) (<-chan PullPushImageMessage, error) {
+	if opts.RegistryAuth == "" {
+		// Try to retrieve the authentication token for the image from the default local Docker config file.
+		encodedAuth, _ := RetrieveLocalDockerRegistryAuth(image)
+		if encodedAuth == "" {
+			// If no credentials are found, provide an encoded empty auth config to work around the bug in Docker:
+			// https://github.com/moby/moby/issues/50729
+			var err error
+			if encodedAuth, err = registry.EncodeAuthConfig(registry.AuthConfig{}); err != nil {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("encode empty auth config: %w", err)
+			}
+		}
+		opts.RegistryAuth = encodedAuth
+	}
+
+	respBody, err := cli.ImagePush(ctx, image, opts)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	ch := make(chan PullPushImageMessage)
+	go processPullPushImageResp(ctx, respBody, ch)
+
+	return ch, nil
+}
+
+// processPullPushImageResp decodes JSON messages from the image pull/push response body and
+// sends them to the provided channel.
+func processPullPushImageResp(ctx context.Context, respBody io.ReadCloser, ch chan<- PullPushImageMessage) {
+	defer respBody.Close()
+	defer close(ch)
+
+	decoder := json.NewDecoder(respBody)
+	for {
+		var jm jsonmessage.JSONMessage
+		if err := decoder.Decode(&jm); err != nil {
+			if errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+				return
+			}
+			ch <- PullPushImageMessage{Err: fmt.Errorf("decode image pull/push message: %w", err)}
+			return
+		}
+
+		msg := PullPushImageMessage{Message: jm}
+		if jm.Error != nil {
+			msg.Err = errors.New(jm.Error.Message)
+		}
+
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			ch <- PullPushImageMessage{Err: ctx.Err()}
+			return
+		default:
+			ch <- msg
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// RetrieveLocalDockerRegistryAuth retrieves the authentication token for the specified image from the local Docker
+// config file. It returns the encoded authentication token if it contains any credentials, or an empty string if
+// no credentials are found.
+func RetrieveLocalDockerRegistryAuth(image string) (string, error) {
+	// Try to retrieve the authentication token for the image from the default local Docker config file.
+	dockerConfig := dockerconfig.LoadDefaultConfigFile(os.Stderr)
+	encodedAuth, err := dockercommand.RetrieveAuthTokenFromImage(dockerConfig, image)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	// The encodedAuth can be a base64-encoded "{}" (empty JSON object) or include a server address but no credentials.
+	// Return encodedAuth only if it contains any credentials.
+	auth, err := registry.DecodeAuthConfig(encodedAuth)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("decode auth config: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if auth.Username == "" &&
+		auth.Password == "" &&
+		auth.Auth == "" &&
+		auth.IdentityToken == "" &&
+		auth.RegistryToken == "" {
+		return "", nil
+	}
+
+	return encodedAuth, nil
+}

internal/gitutil/state.go

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+package gitutil
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os/exec"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// GitState contains information about the Git repository state.
+type GitState struct {
+	// Date is the current commit datetime.
+	Date time.Time
+	// IsDirty indicates whether there are uncommitted changes.
+	IsDirty bool
+	// IsRepo indicates whether the directory is a Git repository.
+	IsRepo bool
+	// SHA is the full SHA-1 (40 characters) of the current commit.
+	SHA string
+}
+
+// InspectGitState inspects the Git repo state from the specified directory.
+// If the directory is not a Git repository, or if git utility is not available,
+// returns GitState with IsRepo=false and no error.
+func InspectGitState(dir string) (GitState, error) {
+	// Check if git command is available.
+	if _, err := exec.LookPath("git"); err != nil {
+		return GitState{}, nil
+	}
+
+	state := GitState{
+		IsRepo: isGitRepo(dir),
+	}
+	if !state.IsRepo {
+		return state, nil
+	}
+
+	// Get the current commit SHA.
+	sha, err := gitCommand(dir, "rev-parse", "HEAD")
+	if err != nil {
+		return state, fmt.Errorf("get current commit SHA: %w", err)
+	}
+	state.SHA = strings.TrimSpace(sha)
+
+	// Get the current commit timestamp.
+	timestamp, err := gitCommand(dir, "log", "-1", "--format=%ct")
+	if err != nil {
+		return state, fmt.Errorf("get current commit timestamp: %w", err)
+	}
+	seconds, err := strconv.ParseInt(strings.TrimSpace(timestamp), 10, 64)
+	if err != nil {
+		return state, fmt.Errorf("parse current commit timestamp: %w", err)
+	}
+	state.Date = time.Unix(seconds, 0).UTC()
+
+	// Check for uncommitted changes.
+	status, err := gitCommand(dir, "status", "--porcelain")
+	if err != nil {
+		return state, fmt.Errorf("check git status: %w", err)
+	}
+	state.IsDirty = strings.TrimSpace(status) != ""
+
+	return state, nil
+}
+
+// isGitRepo checks if the directory is a Git repository.
+func isGitRepo(dir string) bool {
+	_, err := gitCommand(dir, "rev-parse", "--git-dir")
+	return err == nil
+}
+
+// gitCommand runs a git command in the specified directory.
+func gitCommand(dir string, args ...string) (string, error) {
+	cmd := exec.Command("git", args...)
+	cmd.Dir = dir
+	output, err := cmd.Output()
+	if err != nil {
+		if exitErr, ok := err.(*exec.ExitError); ok {
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("git command failed: %s", exitErr.Stderr)
+		}
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	return string(output), nil
+}
+
+// ShortSHA returns a truncated SHA with the specified length.
+// If length is negative, zero, or greater than the SHA length, it returns the full SHA.
+// Returns empty string if SHA is empty.
+func (s *GitState) ShortSHA(length int) string {
+	if length <= 0 || length > len(s.SHA) {
+		length = len(s.SHA)
+	}
+	return s.SHA[:length]
+}

internal/gitutil/state_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+package gitutil
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestInspectGitState_GitNotAvailable(t *testing.T) {
+	// Reset the PATH env var to simulate git not being available.
+	t.Setenv("PATH", "")
+
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+
+	state, err := InspectGitState(tmpDir)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	assert.False(t, state.IsRepo)
+	assert.Empty(t, state.SHA)
+	assert.Empty(t, state.ShortSHA(7))
+	assert.True(t, state.Date.IsZero())
+	assert.False(t, state.IsDirty)
+}
+
+func TestInspectGitState_NotARepo(t *testing.T) {
+	// Create a temporary directory that's not a git repo.
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+
+	state, err := InspectGitState(tmpDir)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// If tmpDir happens to be in a git repo (e.g., parent directory), skip this test.
+	// This is common when running tests from within the project itself.
+	if state.IsRepo {
+		t.Skip("tmpDir is within a git repository, skipping test")
+	}
+
+	assert.False(t, state.IsRepo)
+	assert.Empty(t, state.SHA)
+	assert.Empty(t, state.ShortSHA(7))
+	assert.True(t, state.Date.IsZero()) // Should have zero time if not a repo.
+	assert.False(t, state.IsDirty)
+}
+
+func TestInspectGitState_CleanRepo(t *testing.T) {
+	// Create a temporary git repo.
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	initGitRepo(t, tmpDir)
+
+	createAndCommitFile(t, tmpDir, "test.txt", "test content")
+
+	state, err := InspectGitState(tmpDir)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	assert.True(t, state.IsRepo)
+	assert.Len(t, state.SHA, 40)
+	assert.Equal(t, state.ShortSHA(7), state.SHA[:7])
+	assert.False(t, state.Date.IsZero())
+	assert.False(t, state.IsDirty)
+}
+
+func TestInspectGitState_DirtyRepo(t *testing.T) {
+	// Create a temporary git repo.
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	initGitRepo(t, tmpDir)
+
+	createAndCommitFile(t, tmpDir, "test.txt", "test content")
+
+	// Modify the file to make the repo dirty.
+	err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(tmpDir, "test.txt"), []byte("modified content"), 0o644)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	state, err := InspectGitState(tmpDir)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	assert.True(t, state.IsRepo)
+	assert.True(t, state.IsDirty)
+}
+
+func TestInspectGitState_UntrackedFiles(t *testing.T) {
+	// Create a temporary git repo.
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	initGitRepo(t, tmpDir)
+
+	createAndCommitFile(t, tmpDir, "test.txt", "test content")
+
+	// Add an untracked file.
+	err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(tmpDir, "untracked.txt"), []byte("untracked"), 0o644)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	state, err := InspectGitState(tmpDir)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	assert.True(t, state.IsRepo)
+	assert.True(t, state.IsDirty) // Untracked files make the repo dirty.
+}
+
+func TestGitState_ShortSHA(t *testing.T) {
+	state := &GitState{
+		SHA: "1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef12345678",
+	}
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		length   int
+		expected string
+	}{
+		{"short 7", 7, "1234567"},
+		{"short 10", 10, "1234567890"},
+		{"full SHA", 40, "1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef12345678"},
+		{"longer than SHA", 50, "1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef12345678"},
+		{"negative", -42, "1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef12345678"},
+		{"zero", 0, "1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef12345678"},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result := state.ShortSHA(tt.length)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expected, result)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGitState_ShortSHA_Empty(t *testing.T) {
+	state := &GitState{
+		SHA: "",
+	}
+
+	result := state.ShortSHA(7)
+	assert.Empty(t, result)
+}
+
+// Helper functions.
+
+func initGitRepo(t *testing.T, dir string) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	// Initialize git repo.
+	runGitCommand(t, dir, "init")
+	runGitCommand(t, dir, "config", "user.email", "test@example.com")
+	runGitCommand(t, dir, "config", "user.name", "Test User")
+}
+
+func createAndCommitFile(t *testing.T, dir, filename, content string) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	// Create file.
+	path := filepath.Join(dir, filename)
+	err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte(content), 0o644)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Commit file.
+	runGitCommand(t, dir, "add", filename)
+	runGitCommand(t, dir, "commit", "-m", "Add "+filename)
+}
+
+func runGitCommand(t *testing.T, dir string, args ...string) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	cmd := exec.Command("git", args...)
+	cmd.Dir = dir
+	output, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
+	require.NoError(t, err, "git command failed: %s", output)
+}

internal/log/env.go

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package log
+
+import (
+	"log/slog"
+	"os"
+	"slices"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+func InitLoggerFromEnv() {
+	debugValues := []string{"1", "true", "yes"}
+	if slices.Contains(debugValues, strings.ToLower(os.Getenv("DEBUG"))) {
+		logger := slog.New(NewSlogTextHandler(os.Stderr, &slog.HandlerOptions{
+			Level: slog.LevelDebug,
+		}))
+		slog.SetDefault(logger)
+	}
+	slog.Debug("logger initialized")
+}

internal/machine/api/pb/caddy.pb.go

@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+// Code generated by protoc-gen-go. DO NOT EDIT.
+// versions:
+// 	protoc-gen-go v1.34.2
+// 	protoc        v5.27.3
+// source: internal/machine/api/pb/caddy.proto
+
+package pb
+
+import (
+	protoreflect "google.golang.org/protobuf/reflect/protoreflect"
+	protoimpl "google.golang.org/protobuf/runtime/protoimpl"
+	emptypb "google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/emptypb"
+	timestamppb "google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/timestamppb"
+	reflect "reflect"
+	sync "sync"
+)
+
+const (
+	// Verify that this generated code is sufficiently up-to-date.
+	_ = protoimpl.EnforceVersion(20 - protoimpl.MinVersion)
+	// Verify that runtime/protoimpl is sufficiently up-to-date.
+	_ = protoimpl.EnforceVersion(protoimpl.MaxVersion - 20)
+)
+
+type GetCaddyConfigResponse struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+
+	// The generated Caddyfile content.
+	Caddyfile string `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=caddyfile,proto3" json:"caddyfile,omitempty"`
+	// Timestamp when the config was last modified.
+	ModifiedAt *timestamppb.Timestamp `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=modified_at,json=modifiedAt,proto3" json:"modified_at,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (x *GetCaddyConfigResponse) Reset() {
+	*x = GetCaddyConfigResponse{}
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
+		mi := &file_internal_machine_api_pb_caddy_proto_msgTypes[0]
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+	}
+}
+
+func (x *GetCaddyConfigResponse) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*GetCaddyConfigResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *GetCaddyConfigResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_internal_machine_api_pb_caddy_proto_msgTypes[0]
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use GetCaddyConfigResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*GetCaddyConfigResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_internal_machine_api_pb_caddy_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{0}
+}
+
+func (x *GetCaddyConfigResponse) GetCaddyfile() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Caddyfile
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *GetCaddyConfigResponse) GetModifiedAt() *timestamppb.Timestamp {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.ModifiedAt
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+var File_internal_machine_api_pb_caddy_proto protoreflect.FileDescriptor
+
+var file_internal_machine_api_pb_caddy_proto_rawDesc = []byte{
+	0x0a, 0x23, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x74, 0x65, 0x72, 0x6e, 0x61, 0x6c, 0x2f, 0x6d, 0x61, 0x63, 0x68, 0x69,
+	0x6e, 0x65, 0x2f, 0x61, 0x70, 0x69, 0x2f, 0x70, 0x62, 0x2f, 0x63, 0x61, 0x64, 0x64, 0x79, 0x2e,
+	0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x12, 0x03, 0x61, 0x70, 0x69, 0x1a, 0x1b, 0x67, 0x6f, 0x6f, 0x67,
+	0x6c, 0x65, 0x2f, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x62, 0x75, 0x66, 0x2f, 0x65, 0x6d, 0x70, 0x74,
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+	0x62, 0x62, 0x06, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x33,
+}
+
+var (
+	file_internal_machine_api_pb_caddy_proto_rawDescOnce sync.Once
+	file_internal_machine_api_pb_caddy_proto_rawDescData = file_internal_machine_api_pb_caddy_proto_rawDesc
+)
+
+func file_internal_machine_api_pb_caddy_proto_rawDescGZIP() []byte {
+	file_internal_machine_api_pb_caddy_proto_rawDescOnce.Do(func() {
+		file_internal_machine_api_pb_caddy_proto_rawDescData = protoimpl.X.CompressGZIP(file_internal_machine_api_pb_caddy_proto_rawDescData)
+	})
+	return file_internal_machine_api_pb_caddy_proto_rawDescData
+}
+
+var file_internal_machine_api_pb_caddy_proto_msgTypes = make([]protoimpl.MessageInfo, 1)
+var file_internal_machine_api_pb_caddy_proto_goTypes = []any{
+	(*GetCaddyConfigResponse)(nil), // 0: api.GetCaddyConfigResponse
+	(*timestamppb.Timestamp)(nil),  // 1: google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	(*emptypb.Empty)(nil),          // 2: google.protobuf.Empty
+}
+var file_internal_machine_api_pb_caddy_proto_depIdxs = []int32{
+	1, // 0: api.GetCaddyConfigResponse.modified_at:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	2, // 1: api.Caddy.GetConfig:input_type -> google.protobuf.Empty
+	0, // 2: api.Caddy.GetConfig:output_type -> api.GetCaddyConfigResponse
+	2, // [2:3] is the sub-list for method output_type
+	1, // [1:2] is the sub-list for method input_type
+	1, // [1:1] is the sub-list for extension type_name
+	1, // [1:1] is the sub-list for extension extendee
+	0, // [0:1] is the sub-list for field type_name
+}
+
+func init() { file_internal_machine_api_pb_caddy_proto_init() }
+func file_internal_machine_api_pb_caddy_proto_init() {
+	if File_internal_machine_api_pb_caddy_proto != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	if !protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
+		file_internal_machine_api_pb_caddy_proto_msgTypes[0].Exporter = func(v any, i int) any {
+			switch v := v.(*GetCaddyConfigResponse); i {
+			case 0:
+				return &v.state
+			case 1:
+				return &v.sizeCache
+			case 2:
+				return &v.unknownFields
+			default:
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	type x struct{}
+	out := protoimpl.TypeBuilder{
+		File: protoimpl.DescBuilder{
+			GoPackagePath: reflect.TypeOf(x{}).PkgPath(),
+			RawDescriptor: file_internal_machine_api_pb_caddy_proto_rawDesc,
+			NumEnums:      0,
+			NumMessages:   1,
+			NumExtensions: 0,
+			NumServices:   1,
+		},
+		GoTypes:           file_internal_machine_api_pb_caddy_proto_goTypes,
+		DependencyIndexes: file_internal_machine_api_pb_caddy_proto_depIdxs,
+		MessageInfos:      file_internal_machine_api_pb_caddy_proto_msgTypes,
+	}.Build()
+	File_internal_machine_api_pb_caddy_proto = out.File
+	file_internal_machine_api_pb_caddy_proto_rawDesc = nil
+	file_internal_machine_api_pb_caddy_proto_goTypes = nil
+	file_internal_machine_api_pb_caddy_proto_depIdxs = nil
+}

internal/machine/api/pb/caddy.proto

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package api;
+
+option go_package = "github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/machine/api/pb";
+
+import "google/protobuf/empty.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/timestamp.proto";
+
+service Caddy {
+  // GetConfig retrieves the current Caddy configuration from the machine.
+  rpc GetConfig(google.protobuf.Empty) returns (GetCaddyConfigResponse);
+}
+
+message GetCaddyConfigResponse {
+  // The generated Caddyfile content.
+  string caddyfile = 1;
+  // Timestamp when the config was last modified.
+  google.protobuf.Timestamp modified_at = 2;
+}

internal/machine/api/pb/caddy_grpc.pb.go

@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+// Code generated by protoc-gen-go-grpc. DO NOT EDIT.
+// versions:
+// - protoc-gen-go-grpc v1.5.1
+// - protoc             v5.27.3
+// source: internal/machine/api/pb/caddy.proto
+
+package pb
+
+import (
+	context "context"
+	grpc "google.golang.org/grpc"
+	codes "google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
+	status "google.golang.org/grpc/status"
+	emptypb "google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/emptypb"
+)
+
+// This is a compile-time assertion to ensure that this generated file
+// is compatible with the grpc package it is being compiled against.
+// Requires gRPC-Go v1.64.0 or later.
+const _ = grpc.SupportPackageIsVersion9
+
+const (
+	Caddy_GetConfig_FullMethodName = "/api.Caddy/GetConfig"
+)
+
+// CaddyClient is the client API for Caddy service.
+//
+// For semantics around ctx use and closing/ending streaming RPCs, please refer to https://pkg.go.dev/google.golang.org/grpc/?tab=doc#ClientConn.NewStream.
+type CaddyClient interface {
+	// GetConfig retrieves the current Caddy configuration from the machine.
+	GetConfig(ctx context.Context, in *emptypb.Empty, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*GetCaddyConfigResponse, error)
+}
+
+type caddyClient struct {
+	cc grpc.ClientConnInterface
+}
+
+func NewCaddyClient(cc grpc.ClientConnInterface) CaddyClient {
+	return &caddyClient{cc}
+}
+
+func (c *caddyClient) GetConfig(ctx context.Context, in *emptypb.Empty, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*GetCaddyConfigResponse, error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
+	out := new(GetCaddyConfigResponse)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, Caddy_GetConfig_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+// CaddyServer is the server API for Caddy service.
+// All implementations must embed UnimplementedCaddyServer
+// for forward compatibility.
+type CaddyServer interface {
+	// GetConfig retrieves the current Caddy configuration from the machine.
+	GetConfig(context.Context, *emptypb.Empty) (*GetCaddyConfigResponse, error)
+	mustEmbedUnimplementedCaddyServer()
+}
+
+// UnimplementedCaddyServer must be embedded to have
+// forward compatible implementations.
+//
+// NOTE: this should be embedded by value instead of pointer to avoid a nil
+// pointer dereference when methods are called.
+type UnimplementedCaddyServer struct{}
+
+func (UnimplementedCaddyServer) GetConfig(context.Context, *emptypb.Empty) (*GetCaddyConfigResponse, error) {
+	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method GetConfig not implemented")
+}
+func (UnimplementedCaddyServer) mustEmbedUnimplementedCaddyServer() {}
+func (UnimplementedCaddyServer) testEmbeddedByValue()               {}
+
+// UnsafeCaddyServer may be embedded to opt out of forward compatibility for this service.
+// Use of this interface is not recommended, as added methods to CaddyServer will
+// result in compilation errors.
+type UnsafeCaddyServer interface {
+	mustEmbedUnimplementedCaddyServer()
+}
+
+func RegisterCaddyServer(s grpc.ServiceRegistrar, srv CaddyServer) {
+	// If the following call pancis, it indicates UnimplementedCaddyServer was
+	// embedded by pointer and is nil.  This will cause panics if an
+	// unimplemented method is ever invoked, so we test this at initialization
+	// time to prevent it from happening at runtime later due to I/O.
+	if t, ok := srv.(interface{ testEmbeddedByValue() }); ok {
+		t.testEmbeddedByValue()
+	}
+	s.RegisterService(&Caddy_ServiceDesc, srv)
+}
+
+func _Caddy_GetConfig_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(interface{}) error, interceptor grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {
+	in := new(emptypb.Empty)
+	if err := dec(in); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if interceptor == nil {
+		return srv.(CaddyServer).GetConfig(ctx, in)
+	}
+	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
+		Server:     srv,
+		FullMethod: Caddy_GetConfig_FullMethodName,
+	}
+	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+		return srv.(CaddyServer).GetConfig(ctx, req.(*emptypb.Empty))
+	}
+	return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)
+}
+
+// Caddy_ServiceDesc is the grpc.ServiceDesc for Caddy service.
+// It's only intended for direct use with grpc.RegisterService,
+// and not to be introspected or modified (even as a copy)
+var Caddy_ServiceDesc = grpc.ServiceDesc{
+	ServiceName: "api.Caddy",
+	HandlerType: (*CaddyServer)(nil),
+	Methods: []grpc.MethodDesc{
+		{
+			MethodName: "GetConfig",
+			Handler:    _Caddy_GetConfig_Handler,
+		},
+	},
+	Streams:  []grpc.StreamDesc{},
+	Metadata: "internal/machine/api/pb/caddy.proto",
+}