.

On arm64 the x86 version of corrosion was downloaded. This downloads
the correct version. Also added comments to HACKING.md on how to clean
up a broken cluster as I have done it twice now and forgot how to do it
both times.

Fixes: #284

~~~ shell
% ./ucind cluster create miektest
Cluster "miektest" initialised with machine "machine-1"
Waiting for cluster to be ready... done.
Cluster 'miektest' added to Uncloud config as the current context.
Cluster 'miektest' created.
~~~

`uc machine ls` also works.

Signed-off-by: Miek Gieben <miek@miek.nl>

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.md

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+---
+name: Bug Report
+about: Create a report to help us improve
+title: "[BUG] "
+labels: bug
+assignees: ""
+---
+
+**Describe the bug**
+
+<!-- A clear and concise description of what the bug is. -->
+
+**How to reproduce**
+
+<!-- Steps to reproduce the behavior:
+
+1. Run ...
+2. Do ...
+-->
+
+**Expected behavior**
+
+<!-- A clear and concise description of what you expected to happen. -->
+
+**Environment:**
+
+- Uncloud versions:
+  - Control (client) node (`uc --version`):
+  - Uncloud daemon (from the server) (`uncloudd --version`):
+- OS version (`uname -a`):
+  - Client (control node):
+  - Server:
+
+**Additional context**
+
+<!-- Add any other context about the problem here. -->

.github/workflows/go-tests.yml

@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@ on:
       - "test/**"
 permissions:
   contents: read
+env:
+  MISE_VERSION: "2026.3.7"
 jobs:
   test:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
@@ -25,10 +27,12 @@ jobs:
       - name: Checkout code
         uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
 
-      - name: Set up Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@d35c59abb061a4a6fb18e82ac0862c26744d6ab5 # v5.5.0
+      - name: Install Mise
+        uses: jdx/mise-action@1648a7812b9aeae629881980618f079932869151 # v4.0.1
         with:
-          go-version: "1.23.2"
+          version: ${{ env.MISE_VERSION }}
+      - name: Reset changes in mise.lock after fresh mise install
+        run: git checkout mise.lock
 
       - name: Install dependencies
         run: |
@@ -36,11 +40,17 @@ jobs:
           git diff --exit-code ||
             (echo "go.mod or go.sum has changed. Please run 'go mod tidy' and commit the changes." && exit 1)
 
+      - name: Generate docs
+        run: |
+          make cli-docs
+          git diff --exit-code ||
+            (echo "Documentation is out of date. Please run 'make cli-docs' and commit the changes." && exit 1)
+
       - name: Run tests
         run: |
-          make ucind-image
+          mise ucind:image
           make test
-    timeout-minutes: 10
+    timeout-minutes: 15
 
   check-protobuf:
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
@@ -55,15 +65,18 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
 
       - name: Install Mise
-        uses: jdx/mise-action@13abe502c30c1559a5c37dff303831bab82c9402 # v2.2.3
+        uses: jdx/mise-action@1648a7812b9aeae629881980618f079932869151 # v4.0.1
         with:
-          version: "2025.6.5"
-        env:
-          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+          version: ${{ env.MISE_VERSION }}
+
+      # TODO: figure out how to properly lock all platforms in the lockfile and remove this hack.
+      # `mise lock` (mise run mise:lock) doesn't generate checksums for some of the tools, e.g. protoc*
+      - name: Reset changes in mise.lock after fresh mise install
+        run: git checkout mise.lock
 
       - name: Generate Protobuf files
         run: |
-          make proto
-          # check if the generated files are up to date
+          mise run proto
+          # Check if the generated files are up to date.
           git diff --exit-code ||
-            (echo "Generated protobuf files are not up to date. Please run 'make proto' and commit the changes." && exit 1)
+            (echo "Generated protobuf files are not up to date. Please run 'mise run proto' and commit the changes." && exit 1)

.github/workflows/lint.yml

@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ on:
       - "go.*"
 permissions:
   contents: read
+env:
+  MISE_VERSION: "2026.3.7"
 jobs:
   lint:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
@@ -20,20 +22,14 @@ jobs:
       - name: Checkout code
         uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
 
-      - name: Set up Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@d35c59abb061a4a6fb18e82ac0862c26744d6ab5 # v5.5.0
+      - name: Install Mise
+        uses: jdx/mise-action@1648a7812b9aeae629881980618f079932869151 # v4.0.1
         with:
-          go-version: "1.23.2"
+          version: ${{ env.MISE_VERSION }}
+      - name: Reset changes in mise.lock after fresh mise install
+        run: git checkout mise.lock
 
-      - name: golangci-lint
-        uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@4afd733a84b1f43292c63897423277bb7f4313a9 # v8.0.0
-        with:
-          version: v2.2.2
-
-      - name: Format code
-        run: |
-          make format
-          git diff --exit-code ||
-            (echo "Code is not formatted. Please run 'make format' and commit the changes." && exit 1)
+      - name: Lint
+        run: make lint
 
     timeout-minutes: 10

.gitignore

@@ -7,6 +7,10 @@
 *.dll
 *.so
 *.dylib
+/uncloud
+/uncloud-*
+/uncloudd
+/uncloudd-*
 
 # OS X
 .DS_Store
@@ -37,3 +41,6 @@ node_modules/
 
 # VS Code
 .vscode
+.devcontainer/
+
+.zed/

.goreleaser.yaml

@@ -16,7 +16,8 @@ builds:
     main: ./cmd/uncloud
     binary: uncloud
     env:
-      - CGO_ENABLED=0
+      # Use CGO to be able to build fsevent required by compose on macOS.
+      - CGO_ENABLED={{ if eq .Os "darwin" }}1{{ else }}0{{ end }}
     goos:
       - darwin
       - linux

.mise.lock

@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-[tools."aqua:vektra/mockery"]
-version = "3.5.3"
-backend = "aqua:vektra/mockery"
-
-[tools."aqua:vektra/mockery".checksums]
-"mockery_3.5.3_Darwin_arm64.tar.gz" = "sha256:a3a94b14c7414e148f2252199ffc4a0108d311358f3d336cbe05bb73cb203704"
-"mockery_3.5.3_Linux_x86_64.tar.gz" = "sha256:ebce416b0175338525246c376885a1579ca6cd4d4015140ba0c70e6b5339a39c"
-
-[tools.go]
-version = "1.23.10"
-backend = "core:go"
-
-[tools.go.checksums]
-"go1.23.10.darwin-arm64.tar.gz" = "sha256:25c64bfa8a8fd8e7f62fb54afa4354af8409a4bb2358c2699a1003b733e6fce5"
-"go1.23.10.linux-amd64.tar.gz" = "sha256:535f9f81802499f2a7dbfa70abb8fda3793725fcc29460f719815f6e10b5fd60"
-
-[tools.golangci-lint]
-version = "2.2.2"
-backend = "aqua:golangci/golangci-lint"
-
-[tools.golangci-lint.checksums]
-"golangci-lint-2.2.2-darwin-arm64.tar.gz" = "sha256:d84d94d042c0d495fd1746f3d18948a75de163b17a14e8de3ef840928dd2df74"
-"golangci-lint-2.2.2-linux-amd64.tar.gz" = "sha256:c27fbde948a87d326feacd21df2f61a9c54dbd2e3bfa185c0a1cd6917a6f964f"
-
-[tools.protoc]
-version = "27.3"
-backend = "aqua:protocolbuffers/protobuf/protoc"
-
-[tools.protoc.checksums]
-"protoc-27.3-linux-x86_64.zip" = "sha256:6dab2adab83f915126cab53540d48957c40e9e9023969c3e84d44bfb936c7741"
-"protoc-27.3-osx-aarch_64.zip" = "sha256:b22116bd97cdbd7ea25346abe635a9df268515fe5ef5afa93cd9a68fc2513f84"
-
-[tools.protoc-gen-go]
-version = "1.34.2"
-backend = "aqua:protocolbuffers/protobuf-go/protoc-gen-go"
-
-[tools.protoc-gen-go.checksums]
-"protoc-gen-go.v1.34.2.darwin.arm64.tar.gz" = "sha256:17aca7f948dbb624049030cf841e35895cf34183ba006e721247fdeb95ff2780"
-"protoc-gen-go.v1.34.2.linux.amd64.tar.gz" = "sha256:b87bc134dee55576a842141bf0ed27761c635d746780fce5dee038c6dd16554f"
-
-[tools.protoc-gen-go-grpc]
-version = "1.5.1"
-backend = "aqua:grpc/grpc-go/protoc-gen-go-grpc"
-
-[tools.protoc-gen-go-grpc.checksums]
-"protoc-gen-go-grpc.v1.5.1.darwin.arm64.tar.gz" = "sha256:d6083feb51dcfe59f26793e99ef01ef5eac68b64294ec2546711f614ac5878f3"
-"protoc-gen-go-grpc.v1.5.1.linux.amd64.tar.gz" = "sha256:a6cac4ea731e54aea304ad44d704a69d1cdc82997084b33637e21a89dc9229d6"

.mise.toml

@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-[settings]
-experimental = true
-
-[tools]
-"aqua:vektra/mockery" = "3.5.3"
-go = "1.23"
-golangci-lint = "2.2.2"
-protoc = "27.3"
-protoc-gen-go = "1.34.2"
-protoc-gen-go-grpc = "1.5.1"
-
-[env]
-_.file = ".env"

.mise/tasks/dev/install

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+#MISE description="Build and install uncloud binaries on dev machines, restart daemon if running"
+#MISE depends=["build:uncloudd-amd64", "build:uncloudd-arm64"]
+#MISE raw=true
+#USAGE arg "<hosts>" var=#true var_min=1 help="Hosts in [user@]host[/arch] format, arch defaults to amd64"
+
+for arg in ${usage_hosts}; do
+  if [[ "$arg" == */* ]]; then
+    host="${arg%/*}"
+    arch="${arg##*/}"
+  else
+    host="$arg"
+    arch="amd64"
+  fi
+
+  binary="uncloudd-linux-${arch}"
+  echo "==> Installing uncloudd on ${host} (${arch})..."
+  scp "$binary" "${host}:/tmp/"
+  ssh "$host" "sudo install /tmp/${binary} /usr/local/bin/uncloudd && rm /tmp/${binary} && sudo systemctl try-restart uncloud"
+done
+
+rm -f uncloudd-linux-amd64 uncloudd-linux-arm64

.mise/tasks/dev/reset

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+#MISE description="Stop uncloud daemon and wipe state on dev machines"
+#USAGE arg "<hosts>" var=#true var_min=1 help="Hosts in [user@]host format"
+
+for host in ${usage_hosts}; do
+  # Strip optional /arch suffix since reset doesn't need it.
+  host="${host%/*}"
+  echo "==> Resetting ${host}..."
+  ssh "$host" "sudo systemctl stop uncloud && sudo rm -rf /var/lib/uncloud"
+done
+
+echo "==> Done"

AGENTS.md

@@ -1,10 +1,14 @@
-# AI.md - Uncloud Project Guide
+# AGENTS.md - Uncloud Project Guide
 
-This document provides comprehensive information about the Uncloud project for AI assistants to understand the codebase, architecture, and development practices.
+This document provides comprehensive information about the Uncloud project for AI assistants to understand the codebase,
+architecture, and development practices.
 
 ## Project Overview
 
-**Uncloud** is a lightweight clustering and container orchestration tool that enables deployment and management of web applications across cloud VMs and bare metal servers. It creates a secure WireGuard mesh network between Docker hosts and provides automatic service discovery, load balancing, HTTPS ingress, and simple CLI commands for application management.
+**Uncloud** is a lightweight clustering and container orchestration tool that enables deployment and management of web
+applications across cloud VMs and bare metal servers. It creates a secure WireGuard mesh network between Docker hosts
+and provides automatic service discovery, load balancing, HTTPS ingress, and simple CLI commands for application
+management.
 
 ### Key Characteristics
 
@@ -28,7 +32,7 @@ This document provides comprehensive information about the Uncloud project for A
 - **Docker Compose compatibility**: Uses familiar Docker Compose format
 - **Zero-downtime deployments**: Rolling updates without service interruption
 - **Automatic HTTPS**: Caddy reverse proxy with Let's Encrypt integration
-- **Managed DNS**: Free `*.cluster.uncloud.run` subdomains via Uncloud DNS service
+- **Managed DNS**: Free `*.xxxxxx.uncld.dev` subdomains via Uncloud DNS service
 - **Cross-machine scaling**: Run containers across multiple machines
 
 ### 🔧 Developer Experience
@@ -88,6 +92,10 @@ This document provides comprehensive information about the Uncloud project for A
 - **`scripts/`**: Installation and utility scripts
 - **`test/`**: Test suites and test infrastructure
 - **`website/`**: Documentation website (Docusaurus)
+
+    - `landing/`: Landing page
+    - `docs/`: User documentation
+
 - **`misc/`**: Design documents and guides
 
 ## Key Technologies
@@ -184,9 +192,11 @@ uc context use <name>           # Switch context
 
 ### Testing
 
-- Unit tests alongside source files (`*_test.go`)
-- Integration tests in `test/e2e/`
-- Test fixtures in `test/fixtures/`
+- Test files and locations
+    - Unit tests alongside source files (`*_test.go`)
+    - Integration tests in `test/e2e/`
+    - Test fixtures in `test/fixtures/`
+- Use table driven tests whenever possible
 
 ### Dependencies
 
@@ -233,7 +243,7 @@ uc context use <name>           # Switch context
 - `internal/machine/machine.go`: Core machine management
 - `pkg/api/`: Public API definitions
 - `misc/design.md`: Architecture and design philosophy
-- `README.md`: User-facing documentation
+- `README.md`: Repository README
 
 ### Configuration Files
 
@@ -241,4 +251,15 @@ uc context use <name>           # Switch context
 - `Makefile`: Build and development tasks
 - `Dockerfile`: Container build instructions forUncloud-in-Docker (used for testing)
 
-This document should help AI assistants understand the project structure, make informed suggestions, and contribute effectively to the Uncloud codebase.
+This document should help AI assistants understand the project structure, make informed suggestions, and contribute
+effectively to the Uncloud codebase.
+
+## Documentation
+
+Instructions when generating documentation:
+
+- Use conversational language – write as if you were speaking to a friend.
+- Keep sentences simple, optimize for clarity and understanding.
+- Do not use em dashes (—) or semicolons (;) in sentences. Instead, break complex sentences into simpler ones.
+- Place the subject before the action whenever possible. Example: prefer "The function loads data" over "Data is loaded
+  by the function."

CLAUDE.md

@@ -1 +1 @@
-./AI.md
+./AGENTS.md

Dockerfile

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-ARG ALPINE_VERSION=3.20.3
+ARG ALPINE_VERSION=3.23.3
 
-FROM golang:1.23.2-alpine AS uncloudd
+FROM golang:1.26.1-alpine AS uncloudd
 
 ARG TARGETOS
 ARG TARGETARCH
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ COPY go.mod go.sum ./
 RUN go mod download && go mod verify
 
 COPY . .
-RUN GOOS=${TARGETOS} GOARCH=${TARGETARCH} go build -o uncloudd cmd/uncloudd/main.go
+RUN GOOS=${TARGETOS} GOARCH=${TARGETARCH} go build -o uncloudd ./cmd/uncloudd
 
 
 FROM alpine:${ALPINE_VERSION} AS corrosion-download
@@ -39,10 +39,11 @@ CMD ["corrosion", "agent"]
 
 FROM alpine:${ALPINE_VERSION} AS corrosion-image-tarball
 ARG CORROSION_IMAGE="ghcr.io/psviderski/corrosion:latest"
+ARG TARGETOS
+ARG TARGETARCH
 
 RUN apk --no-cache add crane
-RUN crane pull "${CORROSION_IMAGE}" /corrosion.tar
-
+RUN crane pull --platform ${TARGETOS}/${TARGETARCH} "${CORROSION_IMAGE}" /corrosion.tar
 
 # Uncloud-in-Docker (ucind) image for running Uncloud test clusters using Docker.
 FROM docker:27.3.1-dind AS ucind

HACKING.md

@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+# Developing Uncloud
+
+A short guide on setting up your local development environment.
+
+## Prerequisites
+
+- [mise](https://mise.jdx.dev/) (development environment setup tool)
+- [Docker](https://docs.docker.com/get-docker/) (for running end-to-end tests)
+
+## Setup
+
+Uncloud uses `mise` to install and manage development tools and dependencies. It makes it easy to create reproducible
+development environments on developer machines and CI.
+
+Follow the [Installing Mise](https://mise.jdx.dev/installing-mise.html) guide to get it set up on your machine.
+
+Mark the project as trusted and install all required tools (Go, `protoc`, `golangci-lint`, etc.) by running from the
+project root:
+
+```shell
+mise trust
+mise install
+```
+
+This reads [`mise.toml`](mise.toml) and installs the exact versions of tools specified there. They will be available in
+your `PATH` when you are in the project directory, so you can run `go` or `golangci-lint` directly. The tools won't be
+available outside the project, so they don't interfere with system packages.
+
+## Building
+
+Build the CLI:
+
+```shell
+go build -o uc ./cmd/uncloud
+```
+
+Or build and run the CLI with a single command:
+
+```shell
+go run ./cmd/uncloud --help
+```
+
+The Uncloud daemon (`uncloudd`) only supports Linux, so you need to cross-compile it if you're developing on macOS or
+Windows:
+
+```shell
+GOOS=linux GOARCH=amd64 go build -o uncloudd ./cmd/uncloudd
+```
+
+## Testing
+
+Run all tests (unit and e2e):
+
+```shell
+make test
+```
+
+### End-to-end tests
+
+E2e tests run inside Docker using the [Uncloud-in-Docker](#uncloud-in-docker-ucind) image. Build it first:
+
+```shell
+mise ucind:image
+```
+
+⚠️ NOTE: You need to rebuild the `ucind` image every time you make changes to the daemon code if you want to test them
+in e2e tests.
+
+Then run the tests:
+
+```shell
+make test-e2e
+```
+
+If tests leave leftover containers, clean them up with:
+
+```shell
+make test-clean
+```
+
+### Manual testing on dev machines
+
+After making changes to the daemon code, you may want to test them in your dev cluster. Build and install `uncloudd` on
+one or multiple dev machines over SSH with:
+
+```shell
+mise run dev:install user@host1 user@host2/arm64
+```
+
+It will also restart the `uncloud.service` daemon on those machines to pick up the new version. The host format is
+`[user@]host[/arch]`. The architecture of a machine defaults to `amd64` if not specified.
+
+To stop the daemon and wipe all Uncloud data on the dev machines, run:
+
+```shell
+mise run dev:reset user@host1 user@host2
+```
+
+## Linting and formatting
+
+Lint and format the code:
+
+```shell
+make lint-and-fix
+```
+
+## Code generation
+
+Update the generated Go code for the machine gRPC API after modifying `.proto` files:
+
+```shell
+mise run proto
+```
+
+Regenerate mocks:
+
+```shell
+make mocks
+```
+
+## Uncloud in Docker (UCinD)
+
+The [`ucind`](./cmd/ucind) CLI lets you run Uncloud clusters locally using Docker containers instead of real machines.
+Each cluster machine runs as a Docker container connected to a shared Docker network.
+
+Cluster machines use the `ghcr.io/psviderski/ucind:latest` Docker image by default. It may not always have the
+latest changes to the `uncloudd` daemon code as it's not automatically rebuilt on CI yet.
+
+You can rebuild it locally to pick up the latest changes, including your work in progress, and test them in a UCinD
+cluster:
+
+```shell
+mise ucind:image
+```
+
+Create a cluster with 3 machines:
+
+```shell
+mise ucind cluster create -m 3
+```
+
+This also sets the new cluster as the active context, so you can interact with it using the `uc` CLI right away.
+
+Remove the cluster when you're done:
+
+```shell
+mise ucind cluster rm
+```
+
+Sometimes crashed tests or interrupted runs can leave orphaned containers and networks behind. Clean them all up with:
+
+```shell
+mise ucind:cleanup
+```

Makefile

@@ -1,54 +1,11 @@
+# TODO: Makefile is deprecated, add new targets as mise tasks in mise.toml instead.
+
 CORROSION_IMAGE ?= ghcr.io/psviderski/corrosion:latest
 UCIND_IMAGE ?= ghcr.io/psviderski/ucind:latest
 
-update-dev:
-	GOOS=linux GOARCH=amd64 go build -o uncloudd-linux-amd64 ./cmd/uncloudd && \
-		scp uncloudd-linux-amd64 spy@192.168.40.243:~/ && \
-		ssh spy@192.168.40.243 sudo install ./uncloudd-linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/uncloudd
-		scp uncloudd-linux-amd64 spy@192.168.40.176:~/ && \
-		ssh spy@192.168.40.176 sudo install ./uncloudd-linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/uncloudd && \
-		rm uncloudd-linux-amd64
-#	GOOS=linux GOARCH=arm64 go build -o uncloudd-linux-arm64 ./cmd/uncloudd && \
-#		scp uncloudd-linux-arm64 ubuntu@152.67.101.197:~/ && \
-#		ssh ubuntu@152.67.101.197 sudo install ./uncloudd-linux-arm64 /usr/local/bin/uncloudd && \
-#		rm uncloudd-linux-arm64
-
-update-restart-dev:
-	GOOS=linux GOARCH=amd64 go build -o uncloudd-linux-amd64 ./cmd/uncloudd && \
-		scp uncloudd-linux-amd64 spy@192.168.40.243:~/ && \
-		ssh spy@192.168.40.243 "sudo install ./uncloudd-linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/uncloudd && sudo systemctl restart uncloud" && \
-		scp uncloudd-linux-amd64 spy@192.168.40.176:~/ && \
-		ssh spy@192.168.40.176 "sudo install ./uncloudd-linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/uncloudd && sudo systemctl restart uncloud" && \
-		rm uncloudd-linux-amd64
-#	GOOS=linux GOARCH=arm64 go build -o uncloudd-linux-arm64 ./cmd/uncloudd && \
-#		scp uncloudd-linux-arm64 ubuntu@152.67.101.197:~/ && \
-#		ssh ubuntu@152.67.101.197 "sudo install ./uncloudd-linux-arm64 /usr/local/bin/uncloudd && sudo systemctl restart uncloud" && \
-#		rm uncloudd-linux-arm64
-
-reset-dev:
-	ssh spy@192.168.40.243 "sudo systemctl stop uncloud && sudo rm -rf /var/lib/uncloud"
-	ssh spy@192.168.40.176 "sudo systemctl stop uncloud && sudo rm -rf /var/lib/uncloud"
-	ssh ubuntu@152.67.101.197 "sudo systemctl stop uncloud && sudo rm -rf /var/lib/uncloud"
-
-demo-reset:
-	rm -fv ~/.config/uncloud/config.yaml
-	ssh ubuntu@152.67.101.197 "AUTO_CONFIRM=true sudo -E uncloud-uninstall && docker rmi caddy:2.9.1"
-	ssh root@5.223.45.199 "AUTO_CONFIRM=true sudo -E uncloud-uninstall"
-	ssh spy@192.168.40.243 "AUTO_CONFIRM=true sudo -E uncloud-uninstall"
-
 .PHONY: ucind-cluster
 ucind-cluster:
-	go run ./cmd/ucind cluster rm && go run ./cmd/ucind cluster create -m 3
-
-.PHONY: proto
-proto:
-	protoc --go_out=. --go_opt=paths=source_relative --go-grpc_out=. --go-grpc_opt=paths=source_relative \
-		--proto_path=. --proto_path=internal/machine/api/vendor internal/machine/api/pb/*.proto
-
-.PHONY: proto-mise
-proto-mise:
-	mise exec -- protoc --go_out=. --go_opt=paths=source_relative --go-grpc_out=. --go-grpc_opt=paths=source_relative \
-		--proto_path=. --proto_path=internal/machine/api/vendor internal/machine/api/pb/*.proto
+	go run ./cmd/ucind cluster rm && go run ./cmd/ucind cluster create -m $(if $(MACHINES_COUNT),$(MACHINES_COUNT),3)
 
 .PHONY: corrosion-image
 corrosion-image:
@@ -58,10 +15,6 @@ corrosion-image:
 corrosion-multiarch-image-push:
 	docker buildx build --push --platform linux/amd64,linux/arm64 -t "$(CORROSION_IMAGE)" --target corrosion .
 
-.PHONY: ucind-image
-ucind-image:
-	docker build -t "$(UCIND_IMAGE)" --target ucind .
-
 .PHONY: ucind-multiarch-image-push
 ucind-multiarch-image-push:
 	docker buildx build --push --platform linux/amd64,linux/arm64 -t "$(UCIND_IMAGE)" --target ucind .
@@ -73,23 +26,23 @@ mocks:
 .PHONY: test
 test:
 ifeq ($(TEST_NAME),)
-	go test -count=1 -v ./...
+	go test -shuffle=on -count=1 -v ./...
 else
-	go test -race -count=1 -v -run ^$(TEST_NAME)$$ ./...
+	go test -shuffle=on -race -count=1 -v -run ^$(TEST_NAME)$$ ./...
 endif
 
 .PHONY: test-e2e
 test-e2e:
-	go test -race -count=1 -v ./test/e2e
+	go test -shuffle=on -race -count=1 -v ./test/e2e
 
 .PHONY: test-clean
 test-clean:
-	@CONTAINERS=$$(docker ps --filter "name=ucind-test" -q); \
+	@CONTAINERS=$$(docker ps --filter "label=ucind.managed" -q); \
 	if [ -n "$$CONTAINERS" ]; then \
 		echo "Killing containers..."; \
 		docker kill $$CONTAINERS; \
 	fi; \
-	CONTAINERS_STOPPED=$$(docker ps -a --filter "name=ucind-test" -q); \
+	CONTAINERS_STOPPED=$$(docker ps -a --filter "label=ucind.managed" -q); \
 	if [ -n "$$CONTAINERS_STOPPED" ]; then \
 		echo "Removing stopped containers..."; \
 		docker rm $$CONTAINERS_STOPPED; \

README.md

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <div align="center">
-  <img src="./website/landing/images/logo.svg" height="100" width="100" alt="Uncloud logo"/>
-  <h1>Uncloud</h1>
-  <p><strong>Docker simplicity. Multi-machine power.</strong></p>
+  <img src="./website/landing/images/logo-title.svg#gh-light-mode-only" alt="Uncloud logo"/>
+  <img src="./website/landing/images/logo-title-dark.svg#gh-dark-mode-only" alt="Uncloud logo"/>
+  <p><strong>▸ Deploy and scale containerised apps across servers without Swarm or Kubernetes overhead ◂</strong></p>
 
   <p>
     <a href="https://uncloud.run/docs"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Docs-blue.svg?style=for-the-badge&logo=gitbook&logoColor=white" alt="Documentation"></a>
@@ -25,12 +25,14 @@ complexity of Kubernetes.
 
 ## ✨ Features
 
-* **Deploy anywhere**: Combine cloud VMs, dedicated servers, and bare metal into a unified computing environment —
+* **Deploy anywhere**: Combine cloud VMs, dedicated servers, and bare metal into a unified computing environment,
   regardless of location or provider.
 * **Docker Compose**: Familiar [Docker Compose](https://compose-spec.io/) format for defining services and volumes. No
   need to learn a new bespoke DSL.
 * **Zero-downtime deployments**: Rolling updates without service interruption. Automatic rollback on failure is coming
   soon.
+* **[Unregistry](https://github.com/psviderski/unregistry) integration**: Build and push your Docker images directly to
+  your machines without an external registry. It will transfer only the missing layers, making it fast and efficient.
 * **Service discovery**: Built-in DNS server resolves service names to container IPs.
 * **Persistent storage**: Run stateful services with Docker volumes managed across machines.
 * **Zero-config private network**: Automatic WireGuard mesh with peer discovery and NAT traversal. Containers get unique
@@ -38,18 +40,13 @@ complexity of Kubernetes.
 * **No control plane**: Fully decentralised design eliminates single points of failure and reduces operational overhead.
 * **Imperative over declarative**: Favoring imperative operations over state reconciliation simplifies both the mental
   model and troubleshooting.
-* **Managed DNS**: Automatic DNS records `*.<id>.cluster.uncloud.run` for services with public access via managed
+* **Managed DNS**: Automatic DNS records `*.xxxxxx.uncld.dev` for services with public access via managed
   [Uncloud DNS](https://github.com/psviderski/uncloud-dns) service.
 * **Automatic HTTPS**: Built-in Caddy reverse proxy handles TLS certificate provisioning and renewal using Let's
   Encrypt.
 * **Docker-like CLI**: Familiar commands for managing both infrastructure and applications.
 * **Remote management**: Control your entire infrastructure through SSH access to any single machine in the cluster.
 
-### 🚀 Coming soon
-
-* **[Unregistry](https://github.com/psviderski/unregistry) integration**: Push your Docker images directly to your
-  machines without an external registry. It will transfer only the missing layers, making it fast and efficient.
-
 ## 🎬 Quick demo
 
 The screenshot below demonstrates how I use Uncloud to deploy https://uncloud.run website to 2 remote machines from
@@ -64,9 +61,15 @@ Here is a more advanced use case. Deploy a highly available web app with automat
 on-premises in just a couple minutes.
 
 <a href="https://uncloud.wistia.com/medias/k47uwt9uau?wvideo=k47uwt9uau">
-<img src="https://embed-ssl.wistia.com/deliveries/3cf7014a48b93afc556444bed3e39a8c.jpg?image_crop_resized=900x526&image_play_button_rounded=true&image_play_button_size=2x&image_play_button_color=18181Be0" alt="Uncloud demo" width="450" height="263" />
+<img src="https://embed-ssl.wistia.com/deliveries/4fb71ea442905b81b1ad4e25fc02132e.jpg?image_crop_resized=900x526&image_play_button_rounded=true&image_play_button_size=2x&image_play_button_color=18181Be0" alt="Uncloud demo" width="450" height="263" />
 </a>
 
+<br>
+<br>
+
+> **📚 Want more examples?** Check out the [**uncloud-recipes**](https://github.com/psviderski/uncloud-recipes)
+> repository for community recipes and templates for deploying popular services on Uncloud.
+
 ## 💫 Why Uncloud?
 
 Modern cloud platforms like Heroku and Render offer amazing developer experiences but at a premium price. Traditional
@@ -278,6 +281,16 @@ using the CLI or directly over SSH. They all have the complete cluster state and
 machine is a full backup of your control plane.
 </details>
 
+## 🧪 Interactive tutorials
+
+To give you a chance to play with Uncloud without even leaving your browser, we're providing interactive tutorials and playgrounds on the [iximiuz Labs](https://labs.iximiuz.com/) platform.
+
+Available tutorials:
+
+1. [Setting up a new Uncloud cluster](https://labs.iximiuz.com/tutorials/uncloud-create-cluster-ebebf72b) - the tutorial walks you through creating a new cluster with two machines and then deploying a simple web service to it.
+
+You can also launch the [Uncloud playground](https://labs.iximiuz.com/playgrounds/uncloud-cluster-64523f7c) where you can play with an already initialized Uncloud cluster.
+
 ## 🏗 Project status
 
 Uncloud is currently in active development and is **not ready for production use**. Features may change significantly
@@ -334,6 +347,10 @@ These companies and projects are helping Uncloud with their generous sponsorship
 
 ## ❤️ Contributors
 
+<a href="https://trendshift.io/repositories/14069">
+    <img alt="Trendshift" src="https://trendshift.io/api/badge/repositories/14069" />
+</a>
+
 Thank you [@cedws](https://github.com/cedws) for being the first contributor to Uncloud! 🎉
 
 <a href="https://github.com/psviderski/uncloud/graphs/contributors">

cmd/uncloud/build.go

@@ -10,68 +10,104 @@ import (
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
 
-// NewBuildCommand creates a new command to build services from a Compose file.
+type buildOptions struct {
+	cli.BuildServicesOptions
+	files    []string
+	profiles []string
+}
+
+// NewBuildCommand creates a new command to build images for services from a Compose file.
 func NewBuildCommand() *cobra.Command {
-	opts := cli.BuildOptions{}
+	opts := buildOptions{}
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{
 		Use:   "build [FLAGS] [SERVICE...]",
 		Short: "Build services from a Compose file.",
+		Long: `Build images for services from a Compose file using local Docker.
+
+By default, built images remain on the local Docker host. Use --push to upload them
+to cluster machines or --push-registry to upload them to external registries.`,
+		Example: `  # Build all services that have a build section in compose.yaml.
+  uc build
+
+  # Build specific services that have a build section.
+  uc build web api
+
+  # Build services and push images to all cluster machines or service x-machines if specified.
+  uc build --push
+
+  # Build services and push images to specific machines.
+  uc build --push -m machine1,machine2
+
+  # Build services and push images to external registries (e.g., Docker Hub).
+  uc build --push-registry
+
+  # Build services with build arguments, pull newer base images before building, and don't use cache.
+  uc build --build-arg NODE_VERSION=24 --build-arg ENV=production --no-cache --pull`,
 		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 			uncli := cmd.Context().Value("cli").(*cli.CLI)
-
-			if len(args) > 0 {
 			opts.Services = args
-			}
 
 			return runBuild(cmd.Context(), uncli, opts)
 		},
+		GroupID: "service",
 	}
 
-	cmd.Flags().StringSliceVarP(&opts.Files, "file", "f", nil,
-		"One or more Compose files to build (default compose.yaml)")
-	cmd.Flags().StringSliceVarP(&opts.Profiles, "profile", "p", nil,
+	cmd.Flags().StringArrayVar(&opts.BuildArgs, "build-arg", nil,
+		"Set a build-time variable for services. Used in Dockerfiles that declare the variable with ARG.\n"+
+			"Can be specified multiple times. Format: --build-arg VAR=VALUE")
+	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&opts.Check, "check", false,
+		"Check the build configuration for services without building them.")
+	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&opts.Deps, "deps", false,
+		"Also build services declared as dependencies of the selected services.")
+	cmd.Flags().StringSliceVarP(&opts.files, "file", "f", nil,
+		"One or more Compose files to build. (default compose.yaml)")
+	cmd.Flags().StringSliceVarP(&opts.Machines, "machine", "m", nil,
+		"Machine names or IDs to push the built images to (requires --push).\n"+
+			"Can be specified multiple times or as a comma-separated list. (default is all machines or x-machines)")
+	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&opts.NoCache, "no-cache", false,
+		"Do not use cache when building images.")
+	cmd.Flags().StringSliceVarP(&opts.profiles, "profile", "p", nil,
 		"One or more Compose profiles to enable.")
-	cmd.Flags().BoolVarP(&opts.Push, "push", "P", false,
-		"Push built images to the registry after building. (default false)")
-	cmd.Flags().BoolVarP(&opts.NoCache, "no-cache", "n", false,
-		"Do not use cache when building images. (default false)")
+	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&opts.Pull, "pull", false,
+		"Always attempt to pull newer versions of base images before building.")
+	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&opts.PushCluster, "push", false,
+		"Upload the built images to cluster machines after building.\n"+
+			"Use --machine to specify which machines. (default is all machines)")
+	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&opts.PushRegistry, "push-registry", false,
+		"Upload the built images to external registries (e.g., Docker Hub) after building.")
 
 	return cmd
 }
 
-// TODO: deduplicate with a similar functino for deploy options
-// projectOpts returns the project options for the Compose file(s).
-func projectOptsFromBuildOpts(opts cli.BuildOptions) []composecli.ProjectOptionsFn {
-	projectOpts := []composecli.ProjectOptionsFn{}
-
-	if len(opts.Profiles) > 0 {
-		projectOpts = append(projectOpts, composecli.WithDefaultProfiles(opts.Profiles...))
+// runBuild parses the Compose file(s) and builds the images for selected services.
+func runBuild(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts buildOptions) error {
+	// Validate push flags.
+	if opts.PushCluster && opts.PushRegistry {
+		return fmt.Errorf("cannot specify both --push and --push-registry: choose one push target")
 	}
 
-	return projectOpts
-}
+	machines := cli.ExpandCommaSeparatedValues(opts.Machines)
+	// Special handling for an explicit "all" keyword to push to all machines.
+	if len(machines) == 1 && machines[0] == "all" {
+		machines = nil
+	}
+	opts.Machines = machines
 
-// runBuild parses the Compose file(s), builds the services, and pushes them if requested.
-func runBuild(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts cli.BuildOptions) error {
-	projectOpts := projectOptsFromBuildOpts(opts)
-	project, err := compose.LoadProject(ctx, opts.Files, projectOpts...)
+	project, err := compose.LoadProject(ctx, opts.files, composecli.WithDefaultProfiles(opts.profiles...))
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("load compose file(s): %w", err)
 	}
 
-	if len(opts.Services) > 0 {
-		project, err = project.WithSelectedServices(opts.Services)
+	uncli.SetClusterContextIfUnset(compose.ClusterContext(project))
+
+	servicesToBuild, err := cli.ServicesThatNeedBuild(project, opts.Services, opts.Deps)
 	if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("select services: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("determine services to build: %w", err)
 	}
-	}
-
-	servicesToBuild := cli.GetServicesThatNeedBuild(project)
-
 	if len(servicesToBuild) == 0 {
 		fmt.Println("No services to build.")
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	return cli.BuildServices(ctx, servicesToBuild, opts)
+	return uncli.BuildServices(ctx, project, opts.BuildServicesOptions)
 }

cmd/uncloud/caddy/config.go

@@ -7,14 +7,12 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/alecthomas/chroma/v2/quick"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli"
-	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/api"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
 
 type configOptions struct {
 	machine string
 	noColor bool
-	context string
 }
 
 func NewConfigCommand() *cobra.Command {
@@ -34,16 +32,12 @@ func NewConfigCommand() *cobra.Command {
 		"Name or ID of the machine to get the configuration from. (default is connected machine)")
 	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&opts.noColor, "no-color", false,
 		"Disable syntax highlighting for the output.")
-	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(
-		&opts.context, "context", "c", "",
-		"Name of the cluster context. (default is the current context)",
-	)
 
 	return cmd
 }
 
 func runConfig(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts configOptions) error {
-	clusterClient, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx, opts.context)
+	clusterClient, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("connect to cluster: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -51,7 +45,7 @@ func runConfig(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts configOptions) error {
 
 	if opts.machine != "" {
 		// If a specific machine is requested, use it to get the Caddy configuration.
-		ctx, _, err = api.ProxyMachinesContext(ctx, clusterClient, []string{opts.machine})
+		ctx, _, err = clusterClient.ProxyMachinesContext(ctx, []string{opts.machine})
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}

cmd/uncloud/caddy/deploy.go

@@ -9,9 +9,11 @@ import (
 	"slices"
 	"strings"
 
+	"charm.land/lipgloss/v2"
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/streams"
 	"github.com/docker/compose/v2/pkg/progress"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli/tui"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/machine/api/pb"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/api"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/client"
@@ -22,7 +24,6 @@ type deployOptions struct {
 	caddyfile string
 	image     string
 	machines  []string
-	context   string
 }
 
 func NewDeployCommand() *cobra.Command {
@@ -44,12 +45,8 @@ func NewDeployCommand() *cobra.Command {
 	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&opts.image, "image", "",
 		"Caddy Docker image to deploy. (default caddy:LATEST_VERSION)")
 	cmd.Flags().StringSliceVarP(&opts.machines, "machine", "m", nil,
-		"Machine names to deploy to. Can be specified multiple times or as a comma-separated "+
-			"list of machine names. (default is all machines)")
-	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(
-		&opts.context, "context", "c", "",
-		"Name of the cluster context to deploy to. (default is the current context)",
-	)
+		"Machine names or IDs to deploy to. Can be specified multiple times or as a comma-separated "+
+			"list. (default is all machines)")
 
 	return cmd
 }
@@ -64,7 +61,7 @@ func runDeploy(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts deployOptions) error {
 		caddyfile = strings.TrimSpace(string(data))
 	}
 
-	clusterClient, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx, opts.context)
+	clusterClient, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("connect to cluster: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -75,9 +72,11 @@ func runDeploy(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts deployOptions) error {
 		if !errors.Is(err, api.ErrNotFound) {
 			return fmt.Errorf("inspect caddy service: %w", err)
 		}
-		fmt.Printf("Service: %s (not running)\n", client.CaddyServiceName)
+		fmt.Println(tui.Faint.Render("service: ") + tui.NameStyle.Render(client.CaddyServiceName) +
+			tui.Faint.Render(" (not running)"))
 	} else {
-		fmt.Printf("Service: %s (%s mode)\n", svc.Name, svc.Mode)
+		fmt.Println(tui.Faint.Render("service: ") + tui.NameStyle.Render(svc.Name) +
+			tui.Faint.Render(" ("+svc.Mode+" mode)"))
 
 		// Collect unique images of all containers in the running caddy service.
 		images := make(map[string]struct{}, len(svc.Containers))
@@ -87,15 +86,19 @@ func runDeploy(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts deployOptions) error {
 		currentImages := slices.Collect(maps.Keys(images))
 
 		if len(currentImages) > 1 {
-			commaSeparatedImages := strings.Join(currentImages, ", ")
-			fmt.Printf("Current images (multiple versions detected): %s\n", commaSeparatedImages)
+			formattedImages := make([]string, len(currentImages))
+			for i, img := range currentImages {
+				formattedImages[i] = tui.FormatImage(img, lipgloss.NewStyle())
+			}
+			fmt.Println(tui.Faint.Render("current images (multiple versions detected): ") +
+				strings.Join(formattedImages, tui.Faint.Render(", ")))
 		} else {
-			fmt.Printf("Current image: %s\n", currentImages[0])
+			fmt.Println(tui.Faint.Render("current image: ") + tui.FormatImage(currentImages[0], lipgloss.NewStyle()))
 		}
 	}
 
 	if opts.image != "" {
-		fmt.Printf("Target image: %s\n", opts.image)
+		fmt.Println(tui.Faint.Render("target image: ") + tui.FormatImage(opts.image, tui.Green))
 	}
 
 	fmt.Println()
@@ -110,7 +113,8 @@ func runDeploy(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts deployOptions) error {
 	}
 
 	if opts.image == "" {
-		fmt.Printf("Target image: %s (latest stable)\n", d.Spec.Container.Image)
+		fmt.Println(tui.Faint.Render("target image: ") + tui.FormatImage(d.Spec.Container.Image,
+			tui.Green) + tui.Faint.Render(" (latest stable)"))
 	}
 
 	plan, err := d.Plan(ctx)
@@ -129,18 +133,41 @@ func runDeploy(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts deployOptions) error {
 			}
 		}
 
-		// Initialise a machine and container name resolver to properly format the plan output.
-		resolver, err := clusterClient.ServiceOperationNameResolver(ctx, svc)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("create machine and container name resolver for service operations: %w", err)
+		fmt.Println()
+		fmt.Println(tui.Bold.Underline(true).Render("Deployment plan"))
+		fmt.Println()
+
+		directConn := uncli.DirectConnection()
+		contextName := uncli.ContextOverrideOrCurrent()
+		deployTarget := ""
+		if directConn != "" {
+			deployTarget = directConn
+			fmt.Println(tui.Faint.Render("connection: ") + tui.NameStyle.Render(directConn))
+			fmt.Println()
+		} else if contextName != "" && len(uncli.Config.Contexts) > 1 {
+			// Only show context if there's more than one to avoid unnecessary clutter.
+			deployTarget = contextName
+			fmt.Println(tui.Faint.Render("context: ") + tui.NameStyle.Render(contextName))
+			fmt.Println()
 		}
 
-		fmt.Println()
-		fmt.Println("Deployment plan:")
-		fmt.Println(plan.Format(resolver))
+		fmt.Println(plan.Format())
+
+		summary := plan.FormatSummary()
+		fmt.Println(tui.Faint.Render(strings.Repeat("─", lipgloss.Width(summary))))
+		fmt.Println(summary)
 		fmt.Println()
 
-		confirmed, err := cli.Confirm()
+		title := "Proceed with deployment?"
+		// Include the direct connection or context name in the confirmation prompt to avoid accidentally
+		// deploying to the wrong cluster.
+		if deployTarget != "" {
+			isDark := lipgloss.HasDarkBackground(os.Stdin, os.Stdout)
+			confirmStyle := tui.ThemeConfirm().Theme(isDark).Focused.Title
+			title = "Proceed with deployment to " + tui.NameStyle.Render(deployTarget) + confirmStyle.Render("?")
+		}
+
+		confirmed, err := tui.Confirm(title)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("confirm deployment: %w", err)
 		}

cmd/uncloud/context/connection.go

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+package context
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+
+	"charm.land/huh/v2"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli/config"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+)
+
+func NewConnectionCommand() *cobra.Command {
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:     "connection",
+		Aliases: []string{"conn"},
+		Short:   "Choose a new default connection for the current context.",
+		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			uncli := cmd.Context().Value("cli").(*cli.CLI)
+			return selectConnection(uncli)
+		},
+	}
+	return cmd
+}
+
+func selectConnection(uncli *cli.CLI) error {
+	if uncli.Config == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("connection management is not available: Uncloud configuration file is not being used")
+	}
+	if len(uncli.Config.Contexts) == 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("no contexts found in Uncloud config (%s)", uncli.Config.Path())
+	}
+
+	currentCtxName := uncli.Config.CurrentContext
+	currentCtx, ok := uncli.Config.Contexts[currentCtxName]
+	if !ok {
+		return fmt.Errorf("current context '%s' not found", currentCtxName)
+	}
+
+	if len(currentCtx.Connections) == 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("no connections found in context '%s'", currentCtxName)
+	}
+
+	var selectedConnection int
+	form := huh.NewForm(
+		huh.NewGroup(
+			huh.NewSelect[int]().
+				Title("Select a default connection").
+				Options(buildConnectionOptions(currentCtx.Connections)...).
+				Value(&selectedConnection),
+		),
+	)
+	if err := form.Run(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("select connection: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	currentCtx.SetDefaultConnection(selectedConnection)
+	selected := currentCtx.Connections[0]
+
+	if err := uncli.Config.Save(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("save config: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	fmt.Printf("Default connection for context '%s' is now '%s'.\n", currentCtxName, selected.String())
+	return nil
+}
+
+func buildConnectionOptions(connections []config.MachineConnection) []huh.Option[int] {
+	options := make([]huh.Option[int], len(connections))
+	for i, conn := range connections {
+		key := conn.String()
+		opt := huh.NewOption(key, i)
+		if i == 0 {
+			opt.Key += " (default)"
+			opt = opt.Selected(true)
+		}
+		options[i] = opt
+	}
+	return options
+}

cmd/uncloud/context/ls.go

@@ -12,8 +12,6 @@ import (
 )
 
 func NewListCommand() *cobra.Command {
-	var clusterContext string
-
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{
 		Use:     "ls",
 		Aliases: []string{"list"},
@@ -24,11 +22,6 @@ func NewListCommand() *cobra.Command {
 		},
 	}
 
-	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(
-		&clusterContext, "context", "c", "",
-		"Name of the cluster context. (default is the current context)",
-	)
-
 	return cmd
 }
 
@@ -51,7 +44,7 @@ func list(uncli *cli.CLI) error {
 	for _, name := range contextNames {
 		current := ""
 		if name == currentContext {
-			current = "*"
+			current = "✓"
 		}
 		connCount := len(uncli.Config.Contexts[name].Connections)
 		fmt.Fprintf(tw, "%s\t%s\t%d\n", name, current, connCount)

cmd/uncloud/context/root.go

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ func NewRootCommand() *cobra.Command {
 	cmd.AddCommand(
 		NewListCommand(),
 		NewUseCommand(),
+		NewConnectionCommand(),
 	)
 
 	return cmd

cmd/uncloud/context/use.go

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"maps"
 	"slices"
 
-	"github.com/charmbracelet/huh"
+	"charm.land/huh/v2"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )

cmd/uncloud/deploy.go

@@ -4,12 +4,13 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"strings"
+	"os"
 
+	"charm.land/lipgloss/v2"
 	composecli "github.com/compose-spec/compose-go/v2/cli"
 	"github.com/docker/compose/v2/pkg/progress"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli"
-	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/api"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli/tui"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/client"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/client/compose"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/client/deploy"
@@ -17,13 +18,15 @@ import (
 )
 
 type deployOptions struct {
+	cli.BuildServicesOptions
+
 	files      []string
 	profiles   []string
 	services   []string
 	noBuild    bool
 	recreate   bool
-
-	context string
+	skipHealth bool
+	yes        bool
 }
 
 // NewDeployCommand creates a new command to deploy services from a Compose file.
@@ -33,26 +36,38 @@ func NewDeployCommand() *cobra.Command {
 		Use:   "deploy [FLAGS] [SERVICE...]",
 		Short: "Deploy services from a Compose file.",
 		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-			uncli := cmd.Context().Value("cli").(*cli.CLI)
+			cli.BindEnvToFlag(cmd, "yes", "UNCLOUD_AUTO_CONFIRM")
 
-			if len(args) > 0 {
+			uncli := cmd.Context().Value("cli").(*cli.CLI)
 			opts.services = args
-			}
 
 			return runDeploy(cmd.Context(), uncli, opts)
 		},
+		GroupID: "service",
 	}
 
+	cmd.Flags().StringArrayVar(&opts.BuildServicesOptions.BuildArgs, "build-arg", nil,
+		"Set a build-time variable for services. Used in Dockerfiles that declare the variable with ARG.\n"+
+			"Can be specified multiple times. Format: --build-arg VAR=VALUE")
+	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&opts.BuildServicesOptions.Pull, "build-pull", false,
+		"Always attempt to pull newer versions of base images before building service images.")
 	cmd.Flags().StringSliceVarP(&opts.files, "file", "f", nil,
 		"One or more Compose files to deploy services from. (default compose.yaml)")
+	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&opts.noBuild, "no-build", false,
+		"Do not build new images before deploying services.")
+	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&opts.BuildServicesOptions.NoCache, "no-cache", false,
+		"Do not use cache when building images.")
 	cmd.Flags().StringSliceVarP(&opts.profiles, "profile", "p", nil,
 		"One or more Compose profiles to enable.")
-	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(&opts.context, "context", "c", "",
-		"Name of the cluster context to deploy to (default is the current context)")
-	cmd.Flags().BoolVarP(&opts.noBuild, "no-build", "n", false,
-		"Do not build images before deploying services. (default false)")
 	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&opts.recreate, "recreate", false,
 		"Recreate containers even if their configuration and image haven't changed.")
+	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&opts.skipHealth, "skip-health", false,
+		"Skip the monitoring period and health checks after starting new containers. Useful for faster emergency "+
+			"deployments.\n"+
+			"Warning: This may cause downtime if new containers fail to start properly.")
+	cmd.Flags().BoolVarP(&opts.yes, "yes", "y", false,
+		"Auto-confirm deployment plan. Should be explicitly set when running non-interactively,\n"+
+			"e.g., in CI/CD pipelines. [$UNCLOUD_AUTO_CONFIRM]")
 
 	// TODO: Consider adding a filter flag to specify which machines to deploy to but keep the rest running.
 	//  Could be useful to test a new version on a subset of machines before rolling out to all.
@@ -60,26 +75,15 @@ func NewDeployCommand() *cobra.Command {
 	return cmd
 }
 
-// projectOpts returns the project options for the Compose file(s).
-func projectOpts(opts deployOptions) []composecli.ProjectOptionsFn {
-	projectOpts := []composecli.ProjectOptionsFn{}
-
-	if len(opts.profiles) > 0 {
-		projectOpts = append(projectOpts, composecli.WithDefaultProfiles(opts.profiles...))
-	}
-
-	return projectOpts
-}
-
 // runDeploy parses the Compose file(s) and deploys the services.
 func runDeploy(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts deployOptions) error {
-	projectOpts := projectOpts(opts)
-
-	project, err := compose.LoadProject(ctx, opts.files, projectOpts...)
+	project, err := compose.LoadProject(ctx, opts.files, composecli.WithDefaultProfiles(opts.profiles...))
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("load compose file(s): %w", err)
 	}
 
+	uncli.SetClusterContextIfUnset(compose.ClusterContext(project))
+
 	if len(opts.services) > 0 {
 		// Includes service dependencies by default. This is the default docker compose behavior.
 		project, err = project.WithSelectedServices(opts.services)
@@ -88,32 +92,72 @@ func runDeploy(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts deployOptions) error {
 		}
 	}
 
-	servicesToBuild := cli.GetServicesThatNeedBuild(project)
+	servicesToBuild, err := cli.ServicesThatNeedBuild(project, opts.services, false)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("determine services to build: %w", err)
+	}
 
 	if len(servicesToBuild) > 0 {
 		if opts.noBuild {
 			fmt.Println("Not building services as requested.")
 		} else {
-			buildOpts := cli.BuildOptions{
-				Push:    true,
-				NoCache: false,
-			}
+			// Build service images without pushing them to cluster yet to not connect to the cluster twice.
+			opts.BuildServicesOptions.Deps = true // build dependencies as deploy includes them by default
+			opts.BuildServicesOptions.Services = opts.services
 
-			if err := cli.BuildServices(ctx, servicesToBuild, buildOpts); err != nil {
+			if err = uncli.BuildServices(ctx, project, opts.BuildServicesOptions); err != nil {
 				return fmt.Errorf("build services: %w", err)
 			}
 		}
+		fmt.Println()
 	}
 
-	clusterClient, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx, opts.context)
+	clusterClient, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("connect to cluster: %w", err)
 	}
 	defer clusterClient.Close()
 
-	var strategy deploy.Strategy
-	if opts.recreate {
-		strategy = &deploy.RollingStrategy{ForceRecreate: true}
+	if len(servicesToBuild) > 0 && !opts.noBuild {
+		// Push built service images to cluster machines one at a time.
+		var errs []error
+		for _, s := range servicesToBuild {
+			if s.Image == "" {
+				// Skip services without an image name (shouldn't happen for services with build config).
+				continue
+			}
+
+			// Push to the specified x-machines or to *all* cluster machines if not specified.
+			var pushOpts client.PushImageOptions
+			if machines, ok := s.Extensions[compose.MachinesExtensionKey].(compose.MachinesSource); ok {
+				pushOpts.Machines = machines
+			}
+			if len(pushOpts.Machines) == 0 {
+				pushOpts.AllMachines = true
+			}
+
+			boldStyle := lipgloss.NewStyle().Bold(true)
+			err = progress.RunWithTitle(ctx, func(ctx context.Context) error {
+				if err = clusterClient.PushImage(ctx, s.Image, pushOpts); err != nil {
+					return fmt.Errorf("push image '%s' for service '%s': %w", s.Image, s.Name, err)
+				}
+				return nil
+			}, uncli.ProgressOut(), fmt.Sprintf("Pushing image %s to cluster", boldStyle.Render(s.Image)))
+			// Collect errors to try pushing all images.
+			if err != nil {
+				errs = append(errs, err)
+			}
+		}
+
+		if err = errors.Join(errs...); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		fmt.Println()
+	}
+
+	strategy := &deploy.RollingStrategy{
+		ForceRecreate:     opts.recreate,
+		SkipHealthMonitor: opts.skipHealth,
 	}
 	composeDeploy, err := compose.NewDeploymentWithStrategy(ctx, clusterClient, project, strategy)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -125,18 +169,47 @@ func runDeploy(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts deployOptions) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("plan deployment: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	if len(plan.Operations) == 0 {
+	if plan.IsEmpty() {
 		fmt.Println("Services are up to date.")
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	fmt.Println("Deployment plan:")
-	if err = printPlan(ctx, clusterClient, plan); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("print deployment plan: %w", err)
-	}
+	fmt.Println(tui.Bold.Underline(true).Render("Deployment plan"))
 	fmt.Println()
 
-	confirmed, err := cli.Confirm()
+	directConn := uncli.DirectConnection()
+	contextName := uncli.ContextOverrideOrCurrent()
+	deployTarget := ""
+	if directConn != "" {
+		deployTarget = directConn
+		fmt.Println(tui.Faint.Render("connection: ") + tui.NameStyle.Render(directConn))
+		fmt.Println()
+	} else if contextName != "" && len(uncli.Config.Contexts) > 1 {
+		// Only show context if there's more than one to avoid unnecessary clutter.
+		deployTarget = contextName
+		fmt.Println(tui.Faint.Render("context: ") + tui.NameStyle.Render(contextName))
+		fmt.Println()
+	}
+
+	fmt.Println(plan.Format())
+
+	// Ask for plan confirmation before proceeding with the deployment unless auto-confirmed with --yes.
+	if !opts.yes {
+		if !tui.IsStdinTerminal() {
+			return errors.New("cannot ask to confirm deployment plan in non-interactive mode, " +
+				"use --yes flag or set UNCLOUD_AUTO_CONFIRM=true to auto-confirm")
+		}
+
+		title := "Proceed with deployment?"
+		// Include the direct connection or context name in the confirmation prompt to avoid accidentally
+		// deploying to the wrong cluster.
+		if deployTarget != "" {
+			isDark := lipgloss.HasDarkBackground(os.Stdin, os.Stdout)
+			confirmStyle := tui.ThemeConfirm().Theme(isDark).Focused.Title
+			title = "Proceed with deployment to " + tui.NameStyle.Render(deployTarget) + confirmStyle.Render("?")
+		}
+
+		confirmed, err := tui.Confirm(title)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("confirm deployment: %w", err)
 		}
@@ -144,44 +217,16 @@ func runDeploy(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts deployOptions) error {
 			fmt.Println("Cancelled. No changes were made.")
 			return nil
 		}
+	}
 
+	title := "Deploying"
+	if deployTarget != "" {
+		title += " to " + tui.NameStyle.Render(deployTarget)
+	}
 	return progress.RunWithTitle(ctx, func(ctx context.Context) error {
 		if err := plan.Execute(ctx, clusterClient); err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("deploy services: %w", err)
 		}
 		return nil
-	}, uncli.ProgressOut(), "Deploying services")
-}
-
-func printPlan(ctx context.Context, cli *client.Client, plan deploy.SequenceOperation) error {
-	for _, op := range plan.Operations {
-		svcPlan, ok := op.(*deploy.Plan)
-		if !ok {
-			fmt.Println("- " + op.Format(nil))
-			continue
-		}
-
-		svc, err := cli.InspectService(ctx, svcPlan.ServiceID)
-		if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, api.ErrNotFound) {
-			return fmt.Errorf("inspect service: %w", err)
-		}
-		// Initialise a machine and container name resolver to properly format the service plan output.
-		resolver, err := cli.ServiceOperationNameResolver(ctx, svc)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("create machine and container name resolver for service operations: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		fmt.Printf("- Deploy service [name=%s]\n", svcPlan.ServiceName)
-		fmt.Println(indent(svcPlan.Format(resolver), "  "))
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func indent(text, prefix string) string {
-	lines := strings.Split(text, "\n")
-	for i, line := range lines {
-		lines[i] = prefix + line
-	}
-	return strings.Join(lines, "\n")
+	}, uncli.ProgressOut(), title)
 }

cmd/uncloud/dns/release.go

@@ -12,32 +12,21 @@ import (
 	"google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/emptypb"
 )
 
-type releaseOptions struct {
-	context string
-}
-
 func NewReleaseCommand() *cobra.Command {
-	opts := releaseOptions{}
-
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{
 		Use:   "release",
 		Short: "Release the reserved cluster domain.",
 		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 			uncli := cmd.Context().Value("cli").(*cli.CLI)
-			return release(cmd.Context(), uncli, opts)
+			return release(cmd.Context(), uncli)
 		},
 	}
 
-	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(
-		&opts.context, "context", "c", "",
-		"Name of the cluster context. (default is the current context)",
-	)
-
 	return cmd
 }
 
-func release(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts releaseOptions) error {
-	client, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx, opts.context)
+func release(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI) error {
+	client, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("connect to cluster: %w", err)
 	}

cmd/uncloud/dns/reserve.go

@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ const DefaultUncloudDNSAPIEndpoint = "https://dns.uncloud.run/v1"
 
 type reserveOptions struct {
 	endpoint string
-	context  string
 }
 
 func NewReserveCommand() *cobra.Command {
@@ -36,16 +35,12 @@ func NewReserveCommand() *cobra.Command {
 
 	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&opts.endpoint, "endpoint", DefaultUncloudDNSAPIEndpoint,
 		"API endpoint for the Uncloud DNS service.")
-	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(
-		&opts.context, "context", "c", "",
-		"Name of the cluster context. (default is the current context)",
-	)
 
 	return cmd
 }
 
 func reserve(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts reserveOptions) error {
-	clusterClient, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx, opts.context)
+	clusterClient, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("connect to cluster: %w", err)
 	}

cmd/uncloud/dns/root.go

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ func NewRootCommand() *cobra.Command {
 		Use:   "dns",
 		Short: "Manage cluster domain in Uncloud DNS.",
 		Long: "Manage cluster domain in Uncloud DNS.\n" +
-			"DNS commands allow you to reserve or release a unique '<id>.cluster.uncloud.run' domain for your " +
+			"DNS commands allow you to reserve or release a unique 'xxxxxx.uncld.dev' domain for your " +
 			"cluster. When reserved, Caddy service deployments will automatically update DNS records to route " +
 			"traffic to the services in the cluster.",
 	}

cmd/uncloud/dns/show.go

@@ -10,32 +10,21 @@ import (
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
 
-type showOptions struct {
-	context string
-}
-
 func NewShowCommand() *cobra.Command {
-	opts := showOptions{}
-
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{
 		Use:   "show",
 		Short: "Print the cluster domain name.",
 		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 			uncli := cmd.Context().Value("cli").(*cli.CLI)
-			return show(cmd.Context(), uncli, opts)
+			return show(cmd.Context(), uncli)
 		},
 	}
 
-	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(
-		&opts.context, "context", "c", "",
-		"Name of the cluster context. (default is the current context)",
-	)
-
 	return cmd
 }
 
-func show(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts showOptions) error {
-	clusterClient, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx, opts.context)
+func show(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI) error {
+	clusterClient, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("connect to cluster: %w", err)
 	}

cmd/uncloud/image/ls.go

@@ -0,0 +1,309 @@
+package image
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"slices"
+	"sort"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"charm.land/lipgloss/v2"
+	"charm.land/lipgloss/v2/table"
+	"github.com/charmbracelet/colorprofile"
+	"github.com/containerd/platforms"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/image"
+	"github.com/docker/go-units"
+
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/api"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+)
+
+type listOptions struct {
+	machines   []string
+	nameFilter string
+}
+
+func NewListCommand() *cobra.Command {
+	opts := listOptions{}
+
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:     "ls [REPO:[TAG]]",
+		Aliases: []string{"list"},
+		Short:   "List images on machines in the cluster.",
+		Long:    "List images on machines in the cluster. By default, on all machines. Optionally filter by image name.",
+		Example: `  # List all images on all machines.
+  uc image ls
+
+  # List images on specific machine.
+  uc image ls -m machine1
+
+  # List images on multiple machines.
+  uc image ls -m machine1,machine2
+
+  # List images filtered by name (with any tag) on all machines.
+  uc image ls myapp
+
+  # List images filtered by name pattern on specific machine.
+  uc image ls "myapp:1.*" -m machine1`,
+		Args: cobra.MaximumNArgs(1),
+		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			if len(args) > 0 {
+				opts.nameFilter = args[0]
+			}
+			uncli := cmd.Context().Value("cli").(*cli.CLI)
+			return list(cmd.Context(), uncli, opts)
+		},
+	}
+
+	cmd.Flags().StringSliceVarP(&opts.machines, "machine", "m", nil,
+		"Filter images by machine name or ID. Can be specified multiple times or as a comma-separated list. "+
+			"(default is include all machines)")
+
+	return cmd
+}
+
+// imageRow represents a single image with its metadata for display.
+type imageRow struct {
+	id           string
+	name         string
+	platforms    string
+	createdHuman string
+	createdUnix  int64
+	size         string
+	inUse        string
+	store        string
+	machine      string
+}
+
+func list(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts listOptions) error {
+	clusterClient, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("connect to cluster: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer clusterClient.Close()
+
+	// Get all machines to create ID to name mapping.
+	allMachines, err := clusterClient.ListMachines(ctx, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("list machines: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	machineIDToName := make(map[string]string)
+	for _, machineMember := range allMachines {
+		if machineMember.Machine != nil && machineMember.Machine.Id != "" && machineMember.Machine.Name != "" {
+			machineIDToName[machineMember.Machine.Id] = machineMember.Machine.Name
+		}
+	}
+
+	machines := cli.ExpandCommaSeparatedValues(opts.machines)
+
+	clusterImages, err := clusterClient.ListImages(ctx, api.ImageFilter{
+		Machines: machines,
+		Name:     opts.nameFilter,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("list images: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Collect all images from all machines.
+	var rows []imageRow
+
+	for _, machineImages := range clusterImages {
+		// Get machine name for better readability.
+		machineName := machineImages.Metadata.Machine
+		if m := allMachines.FindByNameOrID(machineName); m != nil {
+			machineName = m.Machine.Name
+		}
+
+		store := "docker"
+		if machineImages.ContainerdStore {
+			store = "containerd"
+		}
+
+		// Process each image for this machine.
+		for _, img := range machineImages.Images {
+			// Show the first 12 chars without 'sha256:' as the image ID like Docker does.
+			id := strings.TrimPrefix(img.ID, "sha256:")[:12]
+
+			name := "<none>"
+			if len(img.RepoTags) > 0 && img.RepoTags[0] != "<none>:<none>" {
+				name = img.RepoTags[0]
+			}
+
+			imgPlatforms, _ := imagePlatforms(img)
+			formattedPlatforms := formatPlatforms(imgPlatforms)
+
+			created := ""
+			createdAt := time.Unix(img.Created, 0)
+			if !createdAt.IsZero() {
+				created = units.HumanDuration(time.Now().UTC().Sub(createdAt)) + " ago"
+			}
+
+			size := units.HumanSizeWithPrecision(float64(img.Size), 3)
+
+			// Check if the image is in use by any containers. Only supported by Docker API >=1.51
+			inUse := "-"
+			if img.Containers != -1 { // -1 means the info is not available.
+				if img.Containers > 0 {
+					inUse = lipgloss.NewStyle().Foreground(lipgloss.Color("10")).Render("●")
+				} else {
+					inUse = lipgloss.NewStyle().Foreground(lipgloss.Color("8")).Render("○")
+				}
+			}
+
+			rows = append(rows, imageRow{
+				id:           id,
+				name:         name,
+				platforms:    formattedPlatforms,
+				createdHuman: created,
+				createdUnix:  img.Created,
+				size:         size,
+				inUse:        inUse,
+				store:        store,
+				machine:      machineName,
+			})
+		}
+	}
+
+	if len(rows) == 0 {
+		if opts.nameFilter != "" {
+			fmt.Printf("No images matching '%s' found.\n", opts.nameFilter)
+		} else {
+			fmt.Println("No images found.")
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// Sort images by name, then by machine name.
+	sort.Slice(rows, func(i, j int) bool {
+		if rows[i].name != rows[j].name {
+			return rows[i].name < rows[j].name
+		}
+		return rows[i].machine < rows[j].machine
+	})
+
+	// Print the images in a table format.
+	fmt.Println(formatImageTable(rows))
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// imagePlatforms returns a list of platforms supported by the image and a boolean indicating if it's multi-platform.
+func imagePlatforms(img image.Summary) ([]string, bool) {
+	var formattedPlatforms []string
+	multiPlatform := false
+
+	for _, m := range img.Manifests {
+		if m.Kind != image.ManifestKindImage || !m.Available {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if m.ID != img.ID {
+			// There is an image manifest that has digest different from the main image digest.
+			// This means the image manifest is an index or a manifest list (multi-platform image).
+			multiPlatform = true
+		}
+		formattedPlatforms = append(formattedPlatforms, platforms.Format(m.ImageData.Platform))
+	}
+
+	slices.Sort(formattedPlatforms)
+
+	return formattedPlatforms, multiPlatform
+}
+
+func formatPlatforms(platforms []string) string {
+	if len(platforms) == 0 {
+		return "-"
+	}
+
+	platformStyle := lipgloss.NewStyle().
+		BorderForeground(lipgloss.Color("152")).
+		Foreground(lipgloss.Color("0")).
+		Background(lipgloss.Color("152"))
+	// Use fancy pill borders only if the output is a terminal with color support.
+	if colorprofile.Detect(os.Stdout, os.Environ()) > colorprofile.ASCII {
+		platformStyle = platformStyle.Border(lipgloss.Border{Left: "", Right: ""}, false, true, false, true)
+	}
+
+	styledPlatforms := make([]string, len(platforms))
+	for i, p := range platforms {
+		styledPlatforms[i] = platformStyle.Render(p)
+	}
+
+	return strings.Join(styledPlatforms, " ")
+}
+
+func formatImageTable(rows []imageRow) string {
+	columns := []struct {
+		name string
+		hide bool
+	}{
+		{name: "IMAGE ID"},
+		{name: "NAME"},
+		{name: "PLATFORMS"},
+		{name: "CREATED"},
+		{name: "SIZE"},
+		{name: "IN USE"},
+		{name: "STORE"},
+		{name: "MACHINE"},
+	}
+
+	// Hide the "IN USE" column if none of the images have that info available.
+	inUseInfoAvailable := slices.ContainsFunc(rows, func(r imageRow) bool {
+		return r.inUse != "-"
+	})
+	if !inUseInfoAvailable {
+		// Hide "IN USE" column.
+		columns[5].hide = true
+	}
+
+	t := table.New().
+		// Remove the default border.
+		Border(lipgloss.Border{}).
+		BorderTop(false).
+		BorderBottom(false).
+		BorderLeft(false).
+		BorderRight(false).
+		BorderHeader(false).
+		BorderColumn(false).
+		StyleFunc(func(row, col int) lipgloss.Style {
+			if row == table.HeaderRow {
+				return lipgloss.NewStyle().Bold(true).PaddingRight(3)
+			}
+			// Regular style for data rows with padding.
+			return lipgloss.NewStyle().PaddingRight(3)
+		})
+
+	var headers []string
+	for _, col := range columns {
+		if !col.hide {
+			headers = append(headers, col.name)
+		}
+	}
+	t.Headers(headers...)
+
+	for _, row := range rows {
+		values := []string{
+			row.id,
+			row.name,
+			row.platforms,
+			row.createdHuman,
+			row.size,
+			row.inUse,
+			row.store,
+			row.machine,
+		}
+		var filteredValues []string
+		for i, v := range values {
+			if !columns[i].hide {
+				filteredValues = append(filteredValues, v)
+			}
+		}
+		t.Row(filteredValues...)
+	}
+
+	return t.String()
+}

cmd/uncloud/image/push.go

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+package image
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/containerd/platforms"
+	"github.com/docker/compose/v2/pkg/progress"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/client"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+)
+
+type pushOptions struct {
+	image    string
+	machines []string
+	platform string
+}
+
+func NewPushCommand() *cobra.Command {
+	opts := pushOptions{}
+
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "push IMAGE",
+		Short: "Upload a local Docker image to the cluster.",
+		Long: `Upload a local Docker image to the cluster transferring only the missing layers.
+The image is uploaded to all cluster machines (default) or the specified machine(s).`,
+		Example: `  # Push image to all machines in the cluster.
+  uc image push myapp:latest
+
+  # Push image to specific machine.
+  uc image push myapp:latest -m machine1
+
+  # Push image to multiple machines.
+  uc image push myapp:latest -m machine1,machine2,machine3
+
+  # Push a specific platform of a multi-platform image.
+  uc image push myapp:latest --platform linux/amd64`,
+		Args: cobra.ExactArgs(1),
+		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			uncli := cmd.Context().Value("cli").(*cli.CLI)
+
+			opts.image = args[0]
+			return push(cmd.Context(), uncli, opts)
+		},
+	}
+
+	cmd.Flags().StringSliceVarP(&opts.machines, "machine", "m", nil,
+		"Machine names or IDs to push the image to. Can be specified multiple times or as a comma-separated list. "+
+			"(default is all machines)")
+	cmd.Flags().StringVar(
+		&opts.platform, "platform", "",
+		"Push a specific platform of a multi-platform image (e.g., linux/amd64, linux/arm64).\n"+
+			"Local Docker must be configured to use containerd image store to support multi-platform images.",
+	)
+
+	return cmd
+}
+
+func push(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts pushOptions) error {
+	clusterClient, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("connect to cluster: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer clusterClient.Close()
+
+	machines := cli.ExpandCommaSeparatedValues(opts.machines)
+	pushOpts := client.PushImageOptions{}
+
+	// Special handling for an explicit "all" keyword to push to all machines.
+	if len(machines) == 1 && machines[0] == "all" {
+		pushOpts.AllMachines = true
+	} else if len(machines) > 0 {
+		pushOpts.Machines = machines
+	} else {
+		// Default is to push to all machines in the cluster.
+		pushOpts.AllMachines = true
+	}
+
+	if opts.platform != "" {
+		p, err := platforms.Parse(opts.platform)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("invalid platform '%s': %w", opts.platform, err)
+		}
+		pushOpts.Platform = &p
+	}
+
+	return progress.RunWithTitle(ctx, func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		if err = clusterClient.PushImage(ctx, opts.image, pushOpts); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("push image to cluster: %w", err)
+		}
+		return nil
+	}, uncli.ProgressOut(), fmt.Sprintf("Pushing image %s to cluster", opts.image))
+}

cmd/uncloud/image/root.go

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package image
+
+import (
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+)
+
+func NewRootCommand() *cobra.Command {
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "image",
+		Short: "Manage images on machines in the cluster.",
+	}
+
+	cmd.AddCommand(
+		NewListCommand(),
+		NewPushCommand(),
+	)
+
+	return cmd
+}

cmd/uncloud/images.go

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/cmd/uncloud/image"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+)
+
+// NewImagesCommand returns the 'image ls' command modified to work as 'images'.
+func NewImagesCommand() *cobra.Command {
+	listCmd := image.NewListCommand()
+	listCmd.Use = "images [IMAGE]"
+	// Remove 'list' alias since this command is already an alias.
+	listCmd.Aliases = nil
+	listCmd.Example = strings.ReplaceAll(listCmd.Example, "uc image ls", "uc images")
+
+	return listCmd
+}

cmd/uncloud/machine/add.go

@@ -5,27 +5,31 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/netip"
+	"strings"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4"
+	"charm.land/huh/v2/spinner"
+	"charm.land/lipgloss/v2"
 	"github.com/docker/compose/v2/pkg/progress"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/cmd/uncloud/caddy"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli/config"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli/tui"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/machine/network"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/api"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/client"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
-	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
-	"google.golang.org/grpc/status"
 )
 
 type addOptions struct {
 	name        string
 	noCaddy     bool
+	noInstall   bool
 	publicIP    string
 	sshKey      string
-	context  string
 	version     string
+	wgEndpoints []string
+	yes         bool
 }
 
 func NewAddCommand() *cobra.Command {
@@ -33,11 +37,24 @@ func NewAddCommand() *cobra.Command {
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{
 		Use:   "add [USER@]HOST[:PORT]",
 		Short: "Add a remote machine to a cluster.",
+		Long: `Add a new machine to an existing Uncloud cluster.
+
+Connection methods:
+  ssh://user@host       - Use built-in SSH library (default, no prefix required)
+  ssh+cli://user@host   - Use system SSH command (supports ProxyJump, SSH config)`,
 		Args: cobra.ExactArgs(1),
 		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			cli.BindEnvToFlag(cmd, "yes", "UNCLOUD_AUTO_CONFIRM")
+
 			uncli := cmd.Context().Value("cli").(*cli.CLI)
 
-			user, host, port, err := config.SSHDestination(args[0]).Parse()
+			// Determine if SSH CLI needs to be used and strip scheme
+			destination := args[0]
+			useSSHCLI := strings.HasPrefix(destination, "ssh+cli://")
+			destination = strings.TrimPrefix(destination, "ssh+cli://")
+			destination = strings.TrimPrefix(destination, "ssh://")
+
+			user, host, port, err := config.SSHDestination(destination).Parse()
 			if err != nil {
 				return fmt.Errorf("parse remote machine: %w", err)
 			}
@@ -46,6 +63,7 @@ func NewAddCommand() *cobra.Command {
 				Host:      host,
 				Port:      port,
 				KeyPath:   opts.sshKey,
+				UseSSHCLI: useSSHCLI,
 			}
 
 			return add(cmd.Context(), uncli, remoteMachine, opts)
@@ -56,6 +74,11 @@ func NewAddCommand() *cobra.Command {
 		&opts.noCaddy, "no-caddy", false,
 		"Don't deploy Caddy reverse proxy service to the machine.",
 	)
+	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(
+		&opts.noInstall, "no-install", false,
+		"Skip installation of Docker, Uncloud daemon, and dependencies on the machine. "+
+			"Assumes they're already installed and running.",
+	)
 	cmd.Flags().StringVar(
 		&opts.publicIP, "public-ip", "auto",
 		"Public IP address of the machine for ingress configuration. Use 'auto' for automatic detection, "+
@@ -70,10 +93,17 @@ func NewAddCommand() *cobra.Command {
 		&opts.version, "version", "latest",
 		"Version of the Uncloud daemon to install on the machine.",
 	)
-	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(
-		&opts.context, "context", "c", "",
-		"Name of the cluster context to add the machine to. (default is the current context)",
+	cmd.Flags().StringSliceVar(
+		&opts.wgEndpoints, "wg-endpoint", nil,
+		fmt.Sprintf("WireGuard endpoint address in format: IP, IP:PORT, IPv6, or [IPv6]:PORT. "+
+			"Default port %d is used if omitted.\n", network.WireGuardPort)+
+			"Other machines in the cluster will use this endpoint to establish a WireGuard connection to this machine.\n"+
+			"Multiple endpoints can be specified by repeating the flag or using a comma-separated list.\n"+
+			"If not specified, the machine's routable IPs and public IP are auto-detected and used as endpoints.",
 	)
+	cmd.Flags().BoolVarP(&opts.yes, "yes", "y", false,
+		"Auto-confirm prompts (e.g., resetting an already initialised machine).\n"+
+			"Should be explicitly set when running non-interactively, e.g., in CI/CD pipelines. [$UNCLOUD_AUTO_CONFIRM]")
 
 	return cmd
 }
@@ -93,13 +123,24 @@ func add(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, remoteMachine *cli.RemoteMachine,
 		publicIP = &ip
 	}
 
-	clusterClient, machineClient, err := uncli.AddMachine(ctx, cli.AddMachineOptions{
-		Context:       opts.context,
+	addOpts := cli.AddMachineOptions{
 		MachineName:   opts.name,
 		PublicIP:      publicIP,
 		RemoteMachine: remoteMachine,
+		SkipInstall:   opts.noInstall,
 		Version:       opts.version,
-	})
+		AutoConfirm:   opts.yes,
+	}
+	if len(opts.wgEndpoints) > 0 {
+		expanded := cli.ExpandCommaSeparatedValues(opts.wgEndpoints)
+		endpoints, err := cli.ParseWireGuardEndpoints(expanded)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("parse WireGuard endpoint (--wg-endpoint): %w", err)
+		}
+		addOpts.WireguardEndpoints = endpoints
+	}
+
+	clusterClient, machineClient, err := uncli.AddMachine(ctx, addOpts)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -110,25 +151,41 @@ func add(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, remoteMachine *cli.RemoteMachine,
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	// Wait for the cluster to be initialised to be able to deploy the Caddy service.
-	fmt.Println("Waiting for the machine to be ready...")
-	fmt.Println()
-	if err = waitClusterInitialised(ctx, machineClient); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("wait for cluster to be initialised on machine: %w", err)
+	// Wait for the cluster to be initialised on the machine to be able to deploy the Caddy service.
+	err = spinner.New().
+		Title(" Waiting for the machine to join the cluster...").
+		Type(spinner.MiniDot).
+		WithTheme(spinner.ThemeFunc(func(isDark bool) *spinner.Styles {
+			return &spinner.Styles{
+				Spinner: lipgloss.NewStyle().Foreground(lipgloss.Yellow),
+				Title:   lipgloss.NewStyle(),
 			}
+		})).
+		ActionWithErr(func(ctx context.Context) error {
+			return machineClient.WaitClusterReady(ctx, 5*time.Minute)
+		}).
+		Run()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("wait for machine to join the cluster: %w", err)
+	}
+	fmt.Println("Machine joined the cluster.")
 
+	// TODO: scale the existing Caddy service to the new machine instead of running a new deployment
+	//  that may cause a small downtime.
 	// Deploy a Caddy service container to the added machine. If caddy service is already deployed on other machines,
-	// use the deployed image version. Otherwise, use the latest version.
+	// use the deployed image version.
 	// NOTE: We use the cluster client to inspect and scale the Caddy service because the newly added machine may have
 	// issues accessing the Machine API of existing machines in the cluster.
 	// See the issue for more details: https://github.com/psviderski/uncloud/issues/65.
 	caddyImage := ""
 	caddySvc, err := clusterClient.InspectService(ctx, client.CaddyServiceName)
 	if err != nil {
-		if !errors.Is(err, api.ErrNotFound) {
+		if errors.Is(err, api.ErrNotFound) {
+			// Caddy service is not deployed.
+			return nil
+		}
 		return fmt.Errorf("inspect caddy service: %w", err)
 	}
-	} else {
 	caddyImage = caddySvc.Containers[0].Container.Config.Image
 	// Find the latest created container and use its image.
 	var latestCreated time.Time
@@ -142,47 +199,53 @@ func add(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, remoteMachine *cli.RemoteMachine,
 			caddyImage = c.Container.Config.Image
 		}
 	}
-	}
 
-	// TODO: scale the existing Caddy service to the new machine instead of running a new deployment
-	//  that may cause a small downtime.
+	fmt.Println()
+	fmt.Println("Preparing Caddy deployment...")
 	d, err := clusterClient.NewCaddyDeployment(caddyImage, "", api.Placement{})
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("create caddy deployment: %w", err)
 	}
 
+	plan, err := d.Plan(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("plan caddy deployment: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if len(plan.Operations) == 0 {
+		fmt.Printf("%s service is up to date.\n", client.CaddyServiceName)
+	} else {
+		fmt.Println(tui.Bold.Underline(true).Render("Deployment plan"))
+		fmt.Println()
+		fmt.Print(plan.Format())
+
+		summary := plan.FormatSummary()
+		fmt.Println(tui.Faint.Render(strings.Repeat("─", lipgloss.Width(summary))))
+		fmt.Println(summary)
+		fmt.Println()
+
+		if !opts.yes {
+			confirmed, err := tui.Confirm("Proceed with deployment?")
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("confirm deployment: %w", err)
+			}
+			if !confirmed {
+				fmt.Println("Cancelled. No changes were made.")
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+
 		err = progress.RunWithTitle(ctx, func(ctx context.Context) error {
 			if _, err = d.Run(ctx); err != nil {
 				return fmt.Errorf("deploy caddy: %w", err)
 			}
 			return nil
-	}, uncli.ProgressOut(), fmt.Sprintf("Deploying service %s", d.Spec.Name))
+		}, uncli.ProgressOut(), fmt.Sprintf("Deploying service %s (%s mode)", d.Spec.Name, d.Spec.Mode))
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
+	}
 
 	fmt.Println()
 	return caddy.UpdateDomainRecords(ctx, machineClient, uncli.ProgressOut())
 }
-
-func waitClusterInitialised(ctx context.Context, client *client.Client) error {
-	boff := backoff.WithContext(backoff.NewExponentialBackOff(
-		backoff.WithMaxInterval(1*time.Second),
-		backoff.WithMaxElapsedTime(5*time.Minute),
-	), ctx)
-
-	check := func() error {
-		_, err := client.ListMachines(ctx, nil)
-		if err == nil {
-			return nil
-		}
-
-		statusErr := status.Convert(err)
-		if statusErr.Code() == codes.FailedPrecondition {
-			return err
-		}
-		return backoff.Permanent(err)
-	}
-
-	return backoff.Retry(check, boff)
-}

cmd/uncloud/machine/init.go

@@ -4,7 +4,11 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/netip"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
 
+	"charm.land/huh/v2/spinner"
+	"charm.land/lipgloss/v2"
 	"github.com/docker/compose/v2/pkg/progress"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/cmd/uncloud/caddy"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/cmd/uncloud/dns"
@@ -12,36 +16,65 @@ import (
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli/config"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/machine/api/pb"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/machine/cluster"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/machine/network"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/api"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
 
 type initOptions struct {
+	context     string
 	dnsEndpoint string
 	name        string
 	network     string
 	noCaddy     bool
 	noDNS       bool
+	noInstall   bool
 	publicIP    string
 	sshKey      string
 	version     string
-	context     string
+	wgEndpoints []string
+	yes         bool
 }
 
 func NewInitCommand() *cobra.Command {
 	opts := initOptions{}
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{
-		Use:   "init [USER@HOST:PORT]",
+		Use:   "init [schema://]USER@HOST[:PORT]",
 		Short: "Initialise a new cluster with a remote machine as the first member.",
-		// TODO: include usage examples of initialising a remote machine.
+		Long: `Initialise a new cluster by setting up a remote machine as the first member.
+This command creates a new context in your Uncloud config to manage the cluster.
+
+Connection methods:
+  ssh://user@host       - Use built-in SSH library (default, no prefix required)
+  ssh+cli://user@host   - Use system SSH command (supports ProxyJump, SSH config)`,
+		Example: `  # Initialise a new cluster with default settings.
+  uc machine init root@<your-server-ip>
+
+  # Initialise with a context name 'prod' in the Uncloud config (~/.config/uncloud/config.yaml) and machine name 'vps1'.
+  uc machine init root@<your-server-ip> -c prod -n vps1
+
+  # Initialise with a non-root user and custom SSH port and key.
+  uc machine init ubuntu@<your-server-ip>:2222 -i ~/.ssh/mykey
+
+  # Initialise without Caddy (no reverse proxy) and without an automatically managed domain name (xxxxxx.uncld.dev).
+  # You can deploy Caddy with 'uc caddy deploy' and reserve a domain with 'uc dns reserve' later.
+  uc machine init root@<your-server-ip> --no-caddy --no-dns`,
 		// TODO: support initialising a cluster on the local machine.
 		Args: cobra.MaximumNArgs(1),
 		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			cli.BindEnvToFlag(cmd, "yes", "UNCLOUD_AUTO_CONFIRM")
+
 			uncli := cmd.Context().Value("cli").(*cli.CLI)
 
 			var remoteMachine *cli.RemoteMachine
 			if len(args) > 0 {
-				user, host, port, err := config.SSHDestination(args[0]).Parse()
+				// Determine if SSH CLI is requested and strip scheme
+				destination := args[0]
+				useSSHCLI := strings.HasPrefix(destination, "ssh+cli://")
+				destination = strings.TrimPrefix(destination, "ssh+cli://")
+				destination = strings.TrimPrefix(destination, "ssh://")
+
+				user, host, port, err := config.SSHDestination(destination).Parse()
 				if err != nil {
 					return fmt.Errorf("parse remote machine: %w", err)
 				}
@@ -50,12 +83,18 @@ func NewInitCommand() *cobra.Command {
 					Host:      host,
 					Port:      port,
 					KeyPath:   opts.sshKey,
+					UseSSHCLI: useSSHCLI,
 				}
 			}
 
 			return initCluster(cmd.Context(), uncli, remoteMachine, opts)
 		},
 	}
+
+	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(
+		&opts.context, "context", "c", cli.DefaultContextName,
+		"Name of the new context to be created in the Uncloud config to manage the cluster.",
+	)
 	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&opts.dnsEndpoint, "dns-endpoint", dns.DefaultUncloudDNSAPIEndpoint,
 		"API endpoint for the Uncloud DNS service.")
 	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(
@@ -68,11 +107,16 @@ func NewInitCommand() *cobra.Command {
 	)
 	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(
 		&opts.noCaddy, "no-caddy", false,
-		"Don't deploy Caddy reverse proxy service to the machine.",
+		"Don't deploy Caddy reverse proxy service to the machine. You can deploy it later with 'uc caddy deploy'.",
 	)
 	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(
 		&opts.noDNS, "no-dns", false,
-		"Don't reserve a cluster domain in Uncloud DNS.",
+		"Don't reserve a cluster domain in Uncloud DNS. You can reserve it later with 'uc dns reserve'.",
+	)
+	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(
+		&opts.noInstall, "no-install", false,
+		"Skip installation of Docker, Uncloud daemon, and dependencies on the machine. "+
+			"Assumes they're already installed and running.",
 	)
 	cmd.Flags().StringVar(
 		&opts.publicIP, "public-ip", "auto",
@@ -88,15 +132,30 @@ func NewInitCommand() *cobra.Command {
 		&opts.version, "version", "latest",
 		"Version of the Uncloud daemon to install on the machine.",
 	)
-	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(
-		&opts.context, "context", "c", "default",
-		"Name of the created context for the initialised cluster in the Uncloud config.",
+	cmd.Flags().StringSliceVar(
+		&opts.wgEndpoints, "wg-endpoint", nil,
+		fmt.Sprintf("WireGuard endpoint address in format: IP, IP:PORT, IPv6, or [IPv6]:PORT. "+
+			"Default port %d is used if omitted.\n", network.WireGuardPort)+
+			"Other machines in the cluster will use this endpoint to establish a WireGuard connection to this machine.\n"+
+			"Multiple endpoints can be specified by repeating the flag or using a comma-separated list.\n"+
+			"If not specified, the machine's routable IPs and public IP are auto-detected and used as endpoints.",
 	)
+	cmd.Flags().BoolVarP(&opts.yes, "yes", "y", false,
+		"Auto-confirm prompts (e.g., resetting an already initialised machine).\n"+
+			"Should be explicitly set when running non-interactively, e.g., in CI/CD pipelines. [$UNCLOUD_AUTO_CONFIRM]")
 
 	return cmd
 }
 
 func initCluster(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, remoteMachine *cli.RemoteMachine, opts initOptions) error {
+	if uncli.Config == nil {
+		// Config is nil when connecting directly to a remote machine (--connect) without using Uncloud config.
+		return fmt.Errorf(
+			"do not use --connect when initialising a new cluster: --connect is for overriding the connection " +
+				"to an existing cluster, but 'machine init' creates a new one and writes the new cluster context " +
+				"to the Uncloud config file (--uncloud-config)")
+	}
+
 	netPrefix, err := netip.ParsePrefix(opts.network)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("parse network CIDR: %w", err)
@@ -115,27 +174,56 @@ func initCluster(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, remoteMachine *cli.RemoteM
 		}
 		publicIP = &ip
 	}
-	client, err := uncli.InitCluster(ctx, cli.InitClusterOptions{
+	initOpts := cli.InitClusterOptions{
 		Context:       opts.context,
 		MachineName:   opts.name,
 		Network:       netPrefix,
 		PublicIP:      publicIP,
 		RemoteMachine: remoteMachine,
+		SkipInstall:   opts.noInstall,
 		Version:       opts.version,
-	})
+		AutoConfirm:   opts.yes,
+	}
+	if len(opts.wgEndpoints) > 0 {
+		expanded := cli.ExpandCommaSeparatedValues(opts.wgEndpoints)
+		endpoints, err := cli.ParseWireGuardEndpoints(expanded)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("parse WireGuard endpoint (--wg-endpoint): %w", err)
+		}
+		initOpts.WireguardEndpoints = endpoints
+	}
+
+	client, err := uncli.InitCluster(ctx, initOpts)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	defer client.Close()
 
+	// Since the cluster API needs a few moments to become ready after cluster initialisation,
+	// we keep the user informed during this wait. We wait here even if no Caddy or DNS is requested
+	// as the cluster needs to be ready so that commands such as 'uc machine ls' work immediately after init.
+	err = spinner.New().
+		Title(" Waiting for the cluster to be ready...").
+		Type(spinner.MiniDot).
+		WithTheme(spinner.ThemeFunc(func(isDark bool) *spinner.Styles {
+			return &spinner.Styles{
+				Spinner: lipgloss.NewStyle().Foreground(lipgloss.Yellow),
+				Title:   lipgloss.NewStyle(),
+			}
+		})).
+		ActionWithErr(func(ctx context.Context) error {
+			return client.WaitClusterReady(ctx, 1*time.Minute)
+		}).
+		Run()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("wait for cluster to be ready: %w", err)
+	}
+	fmt.Println("Cluster is ready.")
+
 	if opts.noCaddy && opts.noDNS {
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	// Deploy the Caddy service to the initialised machine.
-	// The creation of a deployment plan talks to cluster API. Since the API needs a few moments to become available
-	// after cluster initialisation, we keep the user informed during this wait.
-	fmt.Println("Waiting for the machine to be ready...")
 	fmt.Println()
 
 	if !opts.noDNS {

cmd/uncloud/machine/ls.go

@@ -14,25 +14,20 @@ import (
 )
 
 func NewListCommand() *cobra.Command {
-	var contextName string
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{
 		Use:     "ls",
 		Aliases: []string{"list"},
 		Short:   "List machines in a cluster.",
 		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 			uncli := cmd.Context().Value("cli").(*cli.CLI)
-			return list(cmd.Context(), uncli, contextName)
+			return list(cmd.Context(), uncli)
 		},
 	}
-	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(
-		&contextName, "context", "c", "",
-		"Name of the cluster context. (default is the current context)",
-	)
 	return cmd
 }
 
-func list(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, clusterName string) error {
-	client, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx, clusterName)
+func list(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI) error {
+	client, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("connect to cluster: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -46,7 +41,7 @@ func list(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, clusterName string) error {
 	// Print the list of machines in a table format.
 	tw := tabwriter.NewWriter(os.Stdout, 0, 0, 3, ' ', 0)
 	// Print header.
-	if _, err = fmt.Fprintln(tw, "NAME\tSTATE\tADDRESS\tPUBLIC IP\tWIREGUARD ENDPOINTS"); err != nil {
+	if _, err = fmt.Fprintln(tw, "NAME\tSTATE\tADDRESS\tPUBLIC IP\tWIREGUARD ENDPOINTS\tMACHINE ID"); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("write header: %w", err)
 	}
 	// Print rows.
@@ -68,8 +63,8 @@ func list(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, clusterName string) error {
 		}
 
 		if _, err = fmt.Fprintf(
-			tw, "%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\n", m.Name, capitalise(member.State.String()), subnet, publicIP,
-			strings.Join(endpoints, ", "),
+			tw, "%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\n", m.Name, capitalise(member.State.String()), subnet, publicIP,
+			strings.Join(endpoints, ", "), member.Machine.Id,
 		); err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("write row: %w", err)
 		}

cmd/uncloud/machine/rename.go

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ import (
 )
 
 func NewRenameCommand() *cobra.Command {
-	var contextName string
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{
 		Use:   "rename OLD_NAME NEW_NAME",
 		Short: "Rename a machine in the cluster.",
@@ -20,18 +19,14 @@ configuration including network settings, public IP, and cluster membership.`,
 		Args: cobra.ExactArgs(2),
 		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 			uncli := cmd.Context().Value("cli").(*cli.CLI)
-			return rename(cmd.Context(), uncli, contextName, args[0], args[1])
+			return rename(cmd.Context(), uncli, args[0], args[1])
 		},
 	}
-	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(
-		&contextName, "context", "c", "",
-		"Name of the cluster context. (default is the current context)",
-	)
 	return cmd
 }
 
-func rename(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, contextName, oldName, newName string) error {
-	client, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx, contextName)
+func rename(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, oldName, newName string) error {
+	client, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}

cmd/uncloud/machine/rm.go

@@ -9,11 +9,12 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
 
-	"github.com/charmbracelet/lipgloss"
-	"github.com/charmbracelet/lipgloss/tree"
+	"charm.land/lipgloss/v2"
+	"charm.land/lipgloss/v2/tree"
 	"github.com/docker/compose/v2/pkg/progress"
 	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/container"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli/tui"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/machine/api/pb"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/api"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
@@ -22,7 +23,6 @@ import (
 type removeOptions struct {
 	noReset bool
 	yes     bool
-	context string
 }
 
 func NewRmCommand() *cobra.Command {
@@ -39,8 +39,6 @@ func NewRmCommand() *cobra.Command {
 		},
 	}
 
-	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(&opts.context, "context", "c", "",
-		"Name of the cluster context. (default is the current context)")
 	cmd.Flags().BoolVarP(&opts.yes, "yes", "y", false,
 		"Do not prompt for confirmation before removing the machine.")
 	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&opts.noReset, "no-reset", false,
@@ -51,14 +49,14 @@ func NewRmCommand() *cobra.Command {
 
 func remove(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, nameOrID string, opts removeOptions) error {
 	// TODO: automatically choose a connection to the machine that is not being removed.
-	client, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx, opts.context)
+	client, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("connect to cluster: %w", err)
 	}
 	defer client.Close()
 
 	// Verify the machine exists and list all service containers on it including stopped ones.
-	mctx, machines, err := api.ProxyMachinesContext(ctx, client, []string{nameOrID})
+	mctx, machines, err := client.ProxyMachinesContext(ctx, []string{nameOrID})
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -121,7 +119,7 @@ func remove(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, nameOrID string, opts removeOpt
 	}
 
 	if !opts.yes {
-		confirmed, err := cli.Confirm()
+		confirmed, err := tui.Confirm("")
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("confirm removal: %w", err)
 		}
@@ -155,8 +153,21 @@ func remove(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, nameOrID string, opts removeOpt
 		}
 	}
 
-	// TODO: remove the connection to the machine from the uncloud config if it exists. We need a way to associate
-	//  the machine with its connection in the config, e.g. by storing the machine name in the connection metadata.
+	// Remove the connection to the machine from the uncloud config if it exists.
+	if uncli.Config != nil {
+		contextName := uncli.ContextOverrideOrCurrent()
+		if context, ok := uncli.Config.Contexts[contextName]; ok {
+			for i, c := range context.Connections {
+				if c.MachineID == m.Id {
+					context.Connections = slices.Delete(context.Connections, i, i+1)
+					break
+				}
+			}
+			if err := uncli.Config.Save(); err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("save config: %w", err)
+			}
+		}
+	}
 
 	// TODO: If Caddy was running on this machine and a cluster domain is reserved,
 	//  let the user know that the DNS records should be updated.

cmd/uncloud/machine/root.go

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ func NewRootCommand() *cobra.Command {
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{
 		Use:     "machine",
 		Aliases: []string{"m"},
-		Short:   "Manage machines in an Uncloud cluster.",
+		Short:   "Manage machines in the cluster.",
 	}
 	cmd.AddCommand(
 		NewAddCommand(),
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ func NewRootCommand() *cobra.Command {
 		NewRenameCommand(),
 		NewRmCommand(),
 		NewUpdateCommand(),
-		NewTokenCommand(),
 	)
 	return cmd
 }

cmd/uncloud/machine/token.go

@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-package machine
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-
-	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/daemon"
-	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/machine"
-	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
-)
-
-type tokenOptions struct {
-	dataDir string
-}
-
-func NewTokenCommand() *cobra.Command {
-	opts := tokenOptions{}
-	cmd := &cobra.Command{
-		Use:   "token",
-		Short: "Print the local machine's token for adding it to a cluster.",
-		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-			token, err := daemon.MachineToken(opts.dataDir)
-			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("get machine token: %w", err)
-			}
-			tokenStr, err := token.String()
-			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("encode machine token: %w", err)
-			}
-			fmt.Println(tokenStr)
-			return nil
-		},
-	}
-
-	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(&opts.dataDir, "data-dir", "d", machine.DefaultDataDir,
-		"Directory for storing persistent machine state.")
-	_ = cmd.MarkFlagDirname("data-dir")
-
-	return cmd
-}

cmd/uncloud/machine/update.go

@@ -4,30 +4,43 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/netip"
+	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/machine/api/pb"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/machine/network"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
 
 type updateOptions struct {
 	name        string
 	publicIP    string
-	context  string
+	wgEndpoints []string
 }
 
 func NewUpdateCommand() *cobra.Command {
 	opts := updateOptions{}
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{
-		Use:   "update",
+		Use:   "update MACHINE [flags]",
 		Short: "Update machine configuration in the cluster.",
 		Long: `Update machine configuration in the cluster.
 
-This command allows setting various machine properties including:
-- Machine name (--name)
-- Public IP address (--public-ip)
+Change the name, public IP address, or WireGuard endpoints of an existing machine.
+At least one flag must be specified to perform an update.`,
+		Example: `  # Rename a machine.
+  uc machine update machine1 --name web-server
 
-At least one flag must be specified to perform an update operation.`,
+  # Set the public IP address of a machine.
+  uc machine update machine1 --public-ip 203.0.113.10
+
+  # Remove the public IP address from a machine.
+  uc machine update machine1 --public-ip none
+
+  # Update WireGuard endpoints for a machine.
+  uc machine update machine1 --wg-endpoint 203.0.113.10 --wg-endpoint 192.168.1.5
+
+  # Update multiple properties at once.
+  uc machine update machine1 --name web-server --public-ip 203.0.113.10`,
 		Args: cobra.ExactArgs(1),
 		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 			uncli := cmd.Context().Value("cli").(*cli.CLI)
@@ -41,23 +54,27 @@ At least one flag must be specified to perform an update operation.`,
 	)
 	cmd.Flags().StringVar(
 		&opts.publicIP, "public-ip", "",
-		fmt.Sprintf("Public IP address of the machine for ingress configuration. Use '%s' or '' to remove the public IP.", PublicIPNone),
+		fmt.Sprintf("Public IP address of the machine for ingress configuration. Use '%s' or '' to remove the public IP.",
+			PublicIPNone),
 	)
-	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(
-		&opts.context, "context", "c", "",
-		"Name of the cluster context. (default is the current context)",
+	cmd.Flags().StringSliceVar(
+		&opts.wgEndpoints, "wg-endpoint", nil,
+		fmt.Sprintf("WireGuard endpoint address in format: IP, IP:PORT, IPv6, or [IPv6]:PORT. "+
+			"Default port %d is used if omitted.\n", network.WireGuardPort)+
+			"Other machines in the cluster will use this endpoint to establish a WireGuard connection to this machine.\n"+
+			"Multiple endpoints can be specified by repeating the flag or using a comma-separated list.",
 	)
 
 	return cmd
 }
 
 func update(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, cmd *cobra.Command, opts updateOptions, machineNameOrID string) error {
-	// Check if at least one flag was explicitly set
-	if !cmd.Flags().Changed("name") && !cmd.Flags().Changed("public-ip") {
-		return fmt.Errorf("at least one update flag must be specified (--name, --public-ip)")
+	// Check if at least one flag was explicitly set.
+	if !cmd.Flags().Changed("name") && !cmd.Flags().Changed("public-ip") && !cmd.Flags().Changed("wg-endpoint") {
+		return fmt.Errorf("at least one update flag must be specified (--name, --public-ip, --wg-endpoint)")
 	}
 
-	client, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx, opts.context)
+	client, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -92,6 +109,19 @@ func update(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, cmd *cobra.Command, opts update
 		}
 	}
 
+	// Parse and set endpoints if the flag was explicitly provided.
+	if cmd.Flags().Changed("wg-endpoint") {
+		expanded := cli.ExpandCommaSeparatedValues(opts.wgEndpoints)
+		endpoints, err := cli.ParseWireGuardEndpoints(expanded)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if len(endpoints) == 0 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("at least one endpoint must be specified if --wg-endpoint flag is used")
+		}
+		req.Endpoints = endpoints
+	}
+
 	// Perform the update operation
 	updatedMachine, err := client.UpdateMachine(ctx, req)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -118,8 +148,24 @@ func update(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, cmd *cobra.Command, opts update
 		}
 		changes = append(changes, fmt.Sprintf("public IP: %s -> %s", oldIP, newIP))
 	}
+	if cmd.Flags().Changed("wg-endpoint") {
+		formatEndpoints := func(eps []*pb.IPPort) string {
+			if len(eps) == 0 {
+				return "none"
+			}
+			parts := make([]string, len(eps))
+			for i, ep := range eps {
+				ap, _ := ep.ToAddrPort()
+				parts[i] = ap.String()
+			}
+			return strings.Join(parts, ", ")
+		}
+		oldEndpoints := formatEndpoints(machine.Machine.Network.Endpoints)
+		newEndpoints := formatEndpoints(updatedMachine.Network.Endpoints)
+		changes = append(changes, fmt.Sprintf("endpoints: %s -> %s", oldEndpoints, newEndpoints))
+	}
 
-	fmt.Printf("Machine %q (ID: %s) configuration updated:\n", updatedMachine.Name, updatedMachine.Id)
+	fmt.Printf("Machine '%s' (ID: %s) configuration updated:\n", updatedMachine.Name, updatedMachine.Id)
 	for _, change := range changes {
 		fmt.Printf("  %s\n", change)
 	}

cmd/uncloud/main.go

@@ -6,15 +6,19 @@ import (
 	"net/netip"
 	"strings"
 
+	"charm.land/lipgloss/v2"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/cmd/uncloud/caddy"
 	cmdcontext "github.com/psviderski/uncloud/cmd/uncloud/context"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/cmd/uncloud/dns"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/cmd/uncloud/image"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/cmd/uncloud/machine"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/cmd/uncloud/service"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/cmd/uncloud/volume"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/cmd/uncloud/wg"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli/config"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/fs"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/log"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/version"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
@@ -22,17 +26,24 @@ import (
 type globalOptions struct {
 	configPath string
 	connect    string
+	context    string
 }
 
 func main() {
+	log.InitLoggerFromEnv()
+
 	opts := globalOptions{}
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{
 		Use:           "uc",
-		Short:         "A CLI tool for managing Uncloud resources such as clusters, machines, and services.",
+		Short:         "A CLI tool for managing Uncloud resources such as machines, services, and volumes.",
 		Version:       version.String(),
 		SilenceUsage:  true,
 		SilenceErrors: true,
 		PersistentPreRunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			cli.BindEnvToFlag(cmd, "connect", "UNCLOUD_CONNECT")
+			cli.BindEnvToFlag(cmd, "context", "UNCLOUD_CONTEXT")
+			cli.BindEnvToFlag(cmd, "uncloud-config", "UNCLOUD_CONFIG")
+
 			var conn *config.MachineConnection
 			if opts.connect != "" {
 				if strings.HasPrefix(opts.connect, "tcp://") {
@@ -43,11 +54,17 @@ func main() {
 					conn = &config.MachineConnection{
 						TCP: &addrPort,
 					}
-				} else {
-					dest := opts.connect
-					if strings.HasPrefix(dest, "ssh://") {
-						dest = dest[len("ssh://"):]
+				} else if strings.HasPrefix(opts.connect, "ssh+cli://") {
+					dest := opts.connect[len("ssh+cli://"):]
+					conn = &config.MachineConnection{
+						SSHCLI: config.SSHDestination(dest),
 					}
+				} else if strings.HasPrefix(opts.connect, "unix://") {
+					conn = &config.MachineConnection{
+						Unix: opts.connect[len("unix://"):],
+					}
+				} else {
+					dest := strings.TrimPrefix(opts.connect, "ssh://")
 					conn = &config.MachineConnection{
 						SSH: config.SSHDestination(dest),
 					}
@@ -55,7 +72,7 @@ func main() {
 			}
 
 			configPath := fs.ExpandHomeDir(opts.configPath)
-			uncli, err := cli.New(configPath, conn)
+			uncli, err := cli.New(configPath, conn, opts.context)
 			if err != nil {
 				return fmt.Errorf("initialise CLI: %w", err)
 			}
@@ -65,29 +82,60 @@ func main() {
 	}
 
 	cmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&opts.connect, "connect", "",
-		"Connect to a remote cluster machine without using the Uncloud configuration file.\n"+
-			"Format: [ssh://]user@host[:port] or tcp://host:port")
-	// TODO: allow to override using UNCLOUD_CONFIG env var.
+		"Connect to a remote cluster machine without using the Uncloud configuration file. [$UNCLOUD_CONNECT]\n"+
+			"Format: [ssh://]user@host[:port], ssh+cli://user@host[:port], tcp://host:port, or unix:///path/to/uncloud.sock")
 	cmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&opts.configPath, "uncloud-config", "~/.config/uncloud/config.yaml",
-		"Path to the Uncloud configuration file.")
+		"Path to the Uncloud configuration file. [$UNCLOUD_CONFIG]")
 	_ = cmd.MarkPersistentFlagFilename("uncloud-config", "yaml", "yml")
-	// TODO: make --context a global flag and pass it as a value of the command context.
+	cmd.PersistentFlags().StringVarP(&opts.context, "context", "c", "",
+		"Name of the cluster context to use (default is the current context). [$UNCLOUD_CONTEXT]")
+
+	// Set custom help function to show links to docs and Discord only for the root 'uc' command.
+	defaultHelpFunc := cmd.HelpFunc()
+	cmd.SetHelpFunc(func(c *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+		defaultHelpFunc(c, args)
+		// Only show links for the root 'uc' command.
+		if c.Name() == "uc" {
+			urlStyle := lipgloss.NewStyle().
+				Underline(true).
+				Foreground(lipgloss.Color("12")) // light blue
+
+			fmt.Fprintln(c.OutOrStdout())
+			fmt.Fprintf(c.OutOrStdout(), "Learn more about Uncloud:       %s\n",
+				urlStyle.Render("https://uncloud.run/docs"))
+			fmt.Fprintf(c.OutOrStdout(), "Join our Discord community:     %s\n",
+				urlStyle.Render("https://uncloud.run/discord"))
+		}
+	})
+
+	cmd.AddGroup(&cobra.Group{
+		ID:    "service",
+		Title: "Deploy and manage services:",
+	})
 
 	cmd.AddCommand(
+		NewBuildCommand(),
 		NewDeployCommand(),
 		NewDocsCommand(),
-		NewBuildCommand(),
+		NewImagesCommand(),
+		NewPsCommand(),
 		caddy.NewRootCommand(),
 		cmdcontext.NewRootCommand(),
 		dns.NewRootCommand(),
+		image.NewRootCommand(),
 		machine.NewRootCommand(),
 		service.NewRootCommand(),
-		service.NewInspectCommand(),
-		service.NewListCommand(),
-		service.NewRmCommand(),
-		service.NewRunCommand(),
-		service.NewScaleCommand(),
+		service.NewExecCommand("service"),
+		service.NewInspectCommand("service"),
+		service.NewListCommand("service"),
+		service.NewLogsCommand("service"),
+		service.NewRmCommand("service"),
+		service.NewRunCommand("service"),
+		service.NewScaleCommand("service"),
+		service.NewStartCommand("service"),
+		service.NewStopCommand("service"),
 		volume.NewRootCommand(),
+		wg.NewRootCommand(),
 	)
 	cobra.CheckErr(cmd.Execute())
 }

cmd/uncloud/ps.go

@@ -0,0 +1,290 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"sort"
+	"time"
+
+	"charm.land/huh/v2/spinner"
+	"charm.land/lipgloss/v2"
+	"charm.land/lipgloss/v2/table"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/container"
+	"github.com/docker/go-units"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli/tui"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/client"
+)
+
+const (
+	sortByService = "service"
+	sortByMachine = "machine"
+	sortByHealth  = "health"
+)
+
+type containerHighlight int
+
+const (
+	highlightDanger containerHighlight = iota
+	highlightWarning
+	highlightSuccess
+	highlightNormal
+)
+
+type psOptions struct {
+	sortBy string
+}
+
+func NewPsCommand() *cobra.Command {
+	opts := psOptions{}
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "ps",
+		Short: "List all service containers.",
+		Long: `List all service containers across all machines in the cluster.
+
+This command provides a comprehensive overview of all running containers that are part of a service,
+making it easy to see the distribution and status of containers across the cluster.`,
+		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			uncli := cmd.Context().Value("cli").(*cli.CLI)
+
+			if opts.sortBy != sortByService && opts.sortBy != sortByMachine && opts.sortBy != sortByHealth {
+				return fmt.Errorf("invalid value for --sort: %q, must be one of '%s', '%s' or '%s'", opts.sortBy,
+					sortByService, sortByMachine, sortByHealth)
+			}
+
+			return runPs(cmd.Context(), uncli, opts)
+		},
+		GroupID: "service",
+	}
+	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(&opts.sortBy, "sort", "s", sortByService,
+		"Sort containers by 'service', 'machine', or 'health'.")
+	return cmd
+}
+
+type containerInfo struct {
+	serviceName string
+	machineName string
+	id          string
+	name        string
+	image       string
+	status      string
+	highlight   containerHighlight
+	created     time.Time
+	ip          string
+}
+
+func runPs(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts psOptions) error {
+	clusterClient, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("connect to cluster: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer clusterClient.Close()
+
+	var containers []containerInfo
+	err = spinner.New().
+		Title(" Collecting container info...").
+		Type(spinner.MiniDot).
+		WithTheme(spinner.ThemeFunc(func(isDark bool) *spinner.Styles {
+			return &spinner.Styles{
+				Spinner: lipgloss.NewStyle().Foreground(lipgloss.Yellow),
+				Title:   lipgloss.NewStyle(),
+			}
+		})).
+		ActionWithErr(func(ctx context.Context) error {
+			containers, err = collectContainers(ctx, clusterClient)
+			return err
+		}).
+		Run()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("collect containers: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Sort the containers based on the sorting option.
+	sort.SliceStable(containers, func(i, j int) bool {
+		a, b := containers[i], containers[j]
+		switch opts.sortBy {
+		case sortByHealth:
+			if a.highlight != b.highlight {
+				return a.highlight < b.highlight
+			}
+			if a.serviceName != b.serviceName {
+				return a.serviceName < b.serviceName
+			}
+		case sortByMachine:
+			if a.machineName != b.machineName {
+				return a.machineName < b.machineName
+			}
+			if a.serviceName != b.serviceName {
+				return a.serviceName < b.serviceName
+			}
+		default: // sortByService
+			if a.serviceName != b.serviceName {
+				return a.serviceName < b.serviceName
+			}
+		}
+		// Fallback to creation time (newest first).
+		return a.created.After(b.created)
+	})
+
+	return printContainers(containers)
+}
+
+func printContainers(containers []containerInfo) error {
+	t := table.New().
+		// Remove the default border.
+		Border(lipgloss.Border{}).
+		BorderTop(false).
+		BorderBottom(false).
+		BorderLeft(false).
+		BorderRight(false).
+		BorderHeader(false).
+		BorderColumn(false).
+		StyleFunc(func(row, col int) lipgloss.Style {
+			if row == table.HeaderRow {
+				return lipgloss.NewStyle().Bold(true).PaddingRight(3)
+			}
+			// Regular style for data rows with padding.
+			return lipgloss.NewStyle().PaddingRight(3)
+		})
+
+	t.Headers("SERVICE", "CONTAINER ID", "CONTAINER NAME", "IMAGE", "CREATED", "STATUS", "IP ADDRESS", "MACHINE")
+
+	for _, ctr := range containers {
+		id := ctr.id
+		if len(id) > 12 {
+			id = id[:12]
+		}
+
+		created := units.HumanDuration(time.Now().UTC().Sub(ctr.created)) + " ago"
+
+		var statusStyle lipgloss.Style
+		switch ctr.highlight {
+		case highlightSuccess:
+			statusStyle = lipgloss.NewStyle().Foreground(lipgloss.Color("2")) // Green
+		case highlightDanger:
+			statusStyle = lipgloss.NewStyle().Foreground(lipgloss.Color("1")) // Red
+		case highlightWarning:
+			statusStyle = lipgloss.NewStyle().Foreground(lipgloss.Color("3")) // Yellow
+		default:
+			statusStyle = lipgloss.NewStyle() // Default
+		}
+
+		t.Row(
+			ctr.serviceName,
+			id,
+			ctr.name,
+			ctr.image,
+			created,
+			statusStyle.Render(ctr.status),
+			ctr.ip,
+			ctr.machineName,
+		)
+	}
+
+	fmt.Println(t)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func collectContainers(ctx context.Context, cli *client.Client) ([]containerInfo, error) {
+	listCtx, machines, err := cli.ProxyMachinesContext(ctx, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("proxy machines context: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Create a map of IP to machine name for resolving response metadata
+	machinesNamesByIP := make(map[string]string)
+	for _, m := range machines {
+		if addr, err := m.Machine.Network.ManagementIp.ToAddr(); err == nil {
+			machinesNamesByIP[addr.String()] = m.Machine.Name
+		}
+	}
+
+	// List all service containers across all machines in the cluster.
+	machineContainers, err := cli.Docker.ListServiceContainers(
+		listCtx, "", container.ListOptions{All: true},
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("list service containers: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	var containers []containerInfo
+	for _, msc := range machineContainers {
+		// Metadata can be nil if the request was broadcasted to only one machine.
+		if msc.Metadata == nil && len(machineContainers) > 1 {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("something went wrong with gRPC proxy: metadata is missing for a machine response")
+		}
+
+		machineName := "unknown"
+		if msc.Metadata != nil {
+			var ok bool
+			machineName, ok = machinesNamesByIP[msc.Metadata.Machine]
+			if !ok {
+				// Fallback to machine's IP as name.
+				machineName = msc.Metadata.Machine
+			}
+		} else {
+			// Fallback to the first available machine name.
+			if len(machines) > 0 {
+				machineName = machines[0].Machine.Name
+			}
+		}
+
+		if msc.Metadata != nil && msc.Metadata.Error != "" {
+			tui.PrintWarning(fmt.Sprintf("failed to list containers on machine %s: %s", machineName,
+				msc.Metadata.Error))
+			continue
+		}
+
+		for _, ctr := range msc.Containers {
+			if ctr.Container.State == nil || ctr.Container.Config == nil {
+				continue
+			}
+
+			status, err := ctr.Container.HumanState()
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("get human state for container %s: %w", ctr.Container.ID, err)
+			}
+
+			var highlight containerHighlight
+			healthStatus := ""
+			if ctr.Container.State.Health != nil {
+				healthStatus = ctr.Container.State.Health.Status
+			}
+
+			if healthStatus == container.Unhealthy || ctr.Container.State.Status == "dead" || ctr.Container.State.OOMKilled || ctr.Container.State.Dead {
+				highlight = highlightDanger
+			} else if healthStatus == container.Healthy {
+				highlight = highlightSuccess
+			} else if ctr.Container.State.Status == "running" {
+				highlight = highlightNormal
+			} else { // Other non-critical but noteworthy states
+				highlight = highlightWarning
+			}
+
+			created, _ := time.Parse(time.RFC3339Nano, ctr.Container.Created)
+
+			ip := ctr.Container.UncloudNetworkIP()
+			ipStr := ""
+			// The container might not have an IP if it's not running or uses the host network.
+			if ip.IsValid() {
+				ipStr = ip.String()
+			}
+
+			info := containerInfo{
+				serviceName: ctr.ServiceName(),
+				machineName: machineName,
+				id:          ctr.Container.ID,
+				name:        ctr.Container.Name,
+				image:       ctr.Container.Config.Image,
+				status:      status,
+				highlight:   highlight,
+				created:     created,
+				ip:          ipStr,
+			}
+			containers = append(containers, info)
+		}
+	}
+	return containers, nil
+}

cmd/uncloud/ps_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,442 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/machine/api/pb"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/machine/docker"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/client"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc"
+	"google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/emptypb"
+)
+
+// mockDockerClient implements pb.DockerClient
+type mockDockerClient struct {
+	pb.DockerClient // Embed to avoid implementing all methods
+	listResp        *pb.ListServiceContainersResponse
+	listErr         error
+}
+
+func (m *mockDockerClient) ListServiceContainers(ctx context.Context, in *pb.ListServiceContainersRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*pb.ListServiceContainersResponse, error) {
+	return m.listResp, m.listErr
+}
+
+// mockClusterClient implements pb.ClusterClient
+type mockClusterClient struct {
+	pb.ClusterClient // Embed to avoid implementing all methods
+	machinesResp     *pb.ListMachinesResponse
+	machinesErr      error
+}
+
+func (m *mockClusterClient) ListMachines(ctx context.Context, in *emptypb.Empty, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*pb.ListMachinesResponse, error) {
+	return m.machinesResp, m.machinesErr
+}
+
+func TestCollectContainers_NilMetadata(t *testing.T) {
+	// Setup container data
+	containerData := map[string]any{
+		"Id":   "container1",
+		"Name": "test-container",
+		"Config": map[string]any{
+			"Image": "test-image",
+		},
+		"State": map[string]any{
+			"Status":     "running",
+			"StartedAt":  "2023-01-01T12:00:00Z",
+			"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z",
+		},
+		"NetworkSettings": map[string]any{
+			"Networks": map[string]any{},
+		},
+	}
+	containerJSON, err := json.Marshal(containerData)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	serviceSpecJSON, err := json.Marshal(map[string]any{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Setup mocks
+	mockDocker := &mockDockerClient{
+		listResp: &pb.ListServiceContainersResponse{
+			Messages: []*pb.MachineServiceContainers{
+				{
+					Metadata: nil, // Simulating the issue: nil metadata
+					Containers: []*pb.ServiceContainer{
+						{
+							Container:   containerJSON,
+							ServiceSpec: serviceSpecJSON,
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	machineIP := "10.0.0.1"
+	mockCluster := &mockClusterClient{
+		machinesResp: &pb.ListMachinesResponse{
+			Machines: []*pb.MachineMember{
+				{
+					Machine: &pb.MachineInfo{
+						Name: "machine-1",
+						Network: &pb.NetworkConfig{
+							ManagementIp: pb.NewIP(netip.MustParseAddr(machineIP)),
+						},
+					},
+					State: pb.MachineMember_UP,
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	// Construct client with mocks
+	cli := &client.Client{
+		Docker: &docker.Client{
+			GRPCClient: mockDocker,
+		},
+		ClusterClient: mockCluster,
+	}
+
+	// Execute
+	containers, err := collectContainers(context.Background(), cli)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Verify
+	assert.Len(t, containers, 1)
+	if len(containers) > 0 {
+		c := containers[0]
+		assert.Equal(t, "container1", c.id)
+		assert.Equal(t, "test-container", c.name)
+		assert.Equal(t, "machine-1", c.machineName, "Should fall back to the single machine name when metadata is nil")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCollectContainers_NilMetadata_MultipleMachines_Error(t *testing.T) {
+	// If we have multiple machines but receive nil metadata, it should return an error as it is ambiguous
+
+	// Setup container data
+	containerData1 := map[string]any{
+		"Id": "container1",
+	}
+	containerJSON1, _ := json.Marshal(containerData1)
+
+	containerData2 := map[string]any{
+		"Id": "container2",
+		"Config": map[string]any{
+			"Image": "test-image",
+		},
+		"State": map[string]any{
+			"Status":     "running",
+			"StartedAt":  "2023-01-01T12:00:00Z",
+			"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z",
+		},
+		"NetworkSettings": map[string]any{
+			"Networks": map[string]any{},
+		},
+	}
+	containerJSON2, _ := json.Marshal(containerData2)
+
+	serviceSpecJSON, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]any{})
+
+	// Setup mocks
+	mockDocker := &mockDockerClient{
+		listResp: &pb.ListServiceContainersResponse{
+			Messages: []*pb.MachineServiceContainers{
+				{
+					Metadata: nil, // Nil metadata
+					Containers: []*pb.ServiceContainer{
+						{
+							Container:   containerJSON1,
+							ServiceSpec: serviceSpecJSON,
+						},
+					},
+				},
+				{
+					Metadata: &pb.Metadata{Machine: "10.0.0.2"},
+					Containers: []*pb.ServiceContainer{
+						{
+							Container:   containerJSON2,
+							ServiceSpec: serviceSpecJSON,
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	mockCluster := &mockClusterClient{
+		machinesResp: &pb.ListMachinesResponse{
+			Machines: []*pb.MachineMember{
+				{
+					Machine: &pb.MachineInfo{
+						Name: "machine-1",
+						Network: &pb.NetworkConfig{
+							ManagementIp: pb.NewIP(netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.0.1")),
+						},
+					},
+				},
+				{
+					Machine: &pb.MachineInfo{
+						Name: "machine-2",
+						Network: &pb.NetworkConfig{
+							ManagementIp: pb.NewIP(netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.0.2")),
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	// Construct client with mocks
+	cli := &client.Client{
+		Docker: &docker.Client{
+			GRPCClient: mockDocker,
+		},
+		ClusterClient: mockCluster,
+	}
+
+	// Execute
+	_, err := collectContainers(context.Background(), cli)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "metadata is missing for a machine response")
+}
+
+func TestCollectContainers_MetadataPresent_MultipleMachines(t *testing.T) {
+	// Verify correct mapping of containers to machines when metadata is present
+
+	// Setup container data
+	containerData1 := map[string]any{
+		"Id":   "container1",
+		"Name": "container-1",
+		"Config": map[string]any{
+			"Image": "image-1",
+		},
+		"State": map[string]any{
+			"Status":     "running",
+			"StartedAt":  "2023-01-01T12:00:00Z",
+			"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z",
+		},
+		"NetworkSettings": map[string]any{
+			"Networks": map[string]any{},
+		},
+	}
+	containerJSON1, _ := json.Marshal(containerData1)
+
+	containerData2 := map[string]any{
+		"Id":   "container2",
+		"Name": "container-2",
+		"Config": map[string]any{
+			"Image": "image-2",
+		},
+		"State": map[string]any{
+			"Status":     "running",
+			"StartedAt":  "2023-01-01T12:00:00Z",
+			"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z",
+		},
+		"NetworkSettings": map[string]any{
+			"Networks": map[string]any{},
+		},
+	}
+	containerJSON2, _ := json.Marshal(containerData2)
+
+	serviceSpecJSON, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]any{})
+
+	// Setup mocks
+	mockDocker := &mockDockerClient{
+		listResp: &pb.ListServiceContainersResponse{
+			Messages: []*pb.MachineServiceContainers{
+				{
+					Metadata: &pb.Metadata{Machine: "10.0.0.1"},
+					Containers: []*pb.ServiceContainer{
+						{
+							Container:   containerJSON1,
+							ServiceSpec: serviceSpecJSON,
+						},
+					},
+				},
+				{
+					Metadata: &pb.Metadata{Machine: "10.0.0.2"},
+					Containers: []*pb.ServiceContainer{
+						{
+							Container:   containerJSON2,
+							ServiceSpec: serviceSpecJSON,
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	mockCluster := &mockClusterClient{
+		machinesResp: &pb.ListMachinesResponse{
+			Machines: []*pb.MachineMember{
+				{
+					Machine: &pb.MachineInfo{
+						Name: "machine-1",
+						Network: &pb.NetworkConfig{
+							ManagementIp: pb.NewIP(netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.0.1")),
+						},
+					},
+				},
+				{
+					Machine: &pb.MachineInfo{
+						Name: "machine-2",
+						Network: &pb.NetworkConfig{
+							ManagementIp: pb.NewIP(netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.0.2")),
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	cli := &client.Client{
+		Docker:        &docker.Client{GRPCClient: mockDocker},
+		ClusterClient: mockCluster,
+	}
+
+	containers, err := collectContainers(context.Background(), cli)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	assert.Len(t, containers, 2)
+	// Order is not guaranteed by the map iteration in logic or parallel fetch (though here it's mocked sequential),
+	// but collectContainers just appends.
+	// We'll find them by ID.
+	for _, c := range containers {
+		if c.id == "container1" {
+			assert.Equal(t, "machine-1", c.machineName)
+		} else if c.id == "container2" {
+			assert.Equal(t, "machine-2", c.machineName)
+		} else {
+			t.Errorf("unexpected container id: %s", c.id)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCollectContainers_NilMetadata_NoMachines(t *testing.T) {
+	// Case: 1 msc with nil metadata but no machines at all
+
+	containerData := map[string]any{
+		"Id": "container1",
+		"Config": map[string]any{
+			"Image": "test-image",
+		},
+		"State": map[string]any{
+			"Status":     "running",
+			"StartedAt":  "2023-01-01T12:00:00Z",
+			"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z",
+		},
+		"NetworkSettings": map[string]any{
+			"Networks": map[string]any{},
+		},
+	}
+	containerJSON, _ := json.Marshal(containerData)
+	serviceSpecJSON, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]any{})
+
+	mockDocker := &mockDockerClient{
+		listResp: &pb.ListServiceContainersResponse{
+			Messages: []*pb.MachineServiceContainers{
+				{
+					Metadata: nil,
+					Containers: []*pb.ServiceContainer{
+						{
+							Container:   containerJSON,
+							ServiceSpec: serviceSpecJSON,
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	// No machines in cluster response
+	mockCluster := &mockClusterClient{
+		machinesResp: &pb.ListMachinesResponse{
+			Machines: []*pb.MachineMember{},
+		},
+	}
+
+	cli := &client.Client{
+		Docker:        &docker.Client{GRPCClient: mockDocker},
+		ClusterClient: mockCluster,
+	}
+
+	containers, err := collectContainers(context.Background(), cli)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	assert.Len(t, containers, 1)
+	if len(containers) > 0 {
+		assert.Equal(t, "unknown", containers[0].machineName)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCollectContainers_MetadataPresent_NotInMapping(t *testing.T) {
+	// Case: msc with metadata that is not in the IP-to-name mapping
+
+	containerData := map[string]any{
+		"Id": "container1",
+		"Config": map[string]any{
+			"Image": "test-image",
+		},
+		"State": map[string]any{
+			"Status":     "running",
+			"StartedAt":  "2023-01-01T12:00:00Z",
+			"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z",
+		},
+		"NetworkSettings": map[string]any{
+			"Networks": map[string]any{},
+		},
+	}
+	containerJSON, _ := json.Marshal(containerData)
+	serviceSpecJSON, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]any{})
+
+	mockDocker := &mockDockerClient{
+		listResp: &pb.ListServiceContainersResponse{
+			Messages: []*pb.MachineServiceContainers{
+				{
+					Metadata: &pb.Metadata{Machine: "10.0.0.99"}, // Unknown IP
+					Containers: []*pb.ServiceContainer{
+						{
+							Container:   containerJSON,
+							ServiceSpec: serviceSpecJSON,
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	mockCluster := &mockClusterClient{
+		machinesResp: &pb.ListMachinesResponse{
+			Machines: []*pb.MachineMember{
+				{
+					Machine: &pb.MachineInfo{
+						Name: "machine-1",
+						Network: &pb.NetworkConfig{
+							ManagementIp: pb.NewIP(netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.0.1")),
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	cli := &client.Client{
+		Docker:        &docker.Client{GRPCClient: mockDocker},
+		ClusterClient: mockCluster,
+	}
+
+	containers, err := collectContainers(context.Background(), cli)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	assert.Len(t, containers, 1)
+	if len(containers) > 0 {
+		// Should fallback to the IP/string in metadata
+		assert.Equal(t, "10.0.0.99", containers[0].machineName)
+	}
+}

cmd/uncloud/service/exec.go

@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+package service
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+
+	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/streams"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli/tui"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/api"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+)
+
+type execCliOptions struct {
+	detach      bool
+	interactive bool
+	noTty       bool
+	containerId string
+}
+
+var DEFAULT_COMMAND = []string{"sh", "-c", "command -v bash >/dev/null 2>&1 && exec bash || exec sh"}
+
+func NewExecCommand(groupID string) *cobra.Command {
+	opts := execCliOptions{}
+
+	execCmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "exec [OPTIONS] SERVICE [COMMAND ARGS...]",
+		Short: "Execute a command in a running service container.",
+		Long: `Execute a command (interactive shell by default) in a running container within a service.
+If the service has multiple replicas and no container ID is specified, the command will be executed in a random container.
+	`,
+		Example: `
+  # Start an interactive shell ("bash" or "sh" will be tried by default)
+  uc exec web-service
+
+  # Start an interactive shell with explicit command
+  uc exec web-service /bin/zsh
+
+  # List files in the specific container of the service; --container accepts full ID or a (unique) prefix
+  uc exec --container d792e web-service ls -la
+
+  # Pipe input to a command inside the service container
+  cat backup.sql | uc exec -T db-service psql -U postgres mydb
+
+  # Run a task in the background (detached mode)
+  uc exec -d web-service /scripts/cleanup.sh`,
+		Args: cobra.MinimumNArgs(1),
+		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			uncli := cmd.Context().Value("cli").(*cli.CLI)
+			serviceName := args[0]
+			command := args[1:]
+			if len(command) == 0 {
+				command = DEFAULT_COMMAND
+			}
+			return runExec(cmd.Context(), uncli, serviceName, command, opts)
+		},
+		GroupID: groupID,
+	}
+
+	execCmd.Flags().BoolVarP(&opts.detach, "detach", "d", false, "Detached mode: run command in the background")
+
+	execCmd.Flags().BoolVarP(&opts.noTty, "no-tty", "T", false,
+		"Disable pseudo-TTY allocation. By default 'uc exec' allocates a TTY when connected to a terminal.")
+
+	// Keep "-i" and "-t" flags hidden for compatibility with docker exec
+	execCmd.Flags().BoolVarP(&opts.interactive, "interactive", "i", true, "Keep STDIN open even if not attached")
+	execCmd.Flags().MarkHidden("interactive")
+
+	execCmd.Flags().BoolP("tty", "t", false, "Allocate a pseudo-TTY")
+	execCmd.Flags().MarkHidden("tty")
+
+	// Common flags
+	execCmd.Flags().StringVar(&opts.containerId, "container", "",
+		"ID of the container to exec into. Accepts full ID or a unique prefix "+
+			"(default is the random container of the service)")
+
+	// This tells Cobra that all flags must come before positional arguments, so that
+	// commands with their own flags can be handled correctly.
+	execCmd.Flags().SetInterspersed(false)
+
+	return execCmd
+}
+
+func runExec(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, serviceName string, command []string, opts execCliOptions) error {
+	// Disable TTY allocation if not connected to a terminal
+	if !tui.IsStdoutTerminal() {
+		opts.noTty = true
+	}
+
+	if !opts.detach {
+		// Check if we're trying to attach to a TTY from a non-TTY client, e.g.
+		// when doing an 'cmd | uc exec ...'
+		stdin := streams.NewIn(os.Stdin)
+		// TODO: this logic/behavior mirrors docker-compose, but we can be smarter about it and detect TTY dynamically
+		if err := stdin.CheckTty(opts.interactive, !opts.noTty); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("check TTY: %w; use -T option to disable TTY allocation", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	client, err := uncli.ConnectClusterWithOptions(ctx, cli.ConnectOptions{
+		ShowProgress: false,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("connect to cluster: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer client.Close()
+
+	execConfig := api.ExecOptions{
+		Command:     command,
+		AttachStdin: opts.interactive,
+		Tty:         !opts.noTty,
+		Detach:      opts.detach,
+	}
+
+	if !opts.detach {
+		execConfig.AttachStdout = true
+		execConfig.AttachStderr = true
+	}
+
+	exitCode, err := client.ExecContainer(ctx, serviceName, opts.containerId, execConfig)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("exec container: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// For non-detached mode, exit with the same code as the executed command
+	if !opts.detach {
+		if exitCode != 0 {
+			os.Exit(exitCode)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}

cmd/uncloud/service/inspect.go

@@ -4,21 +4,22 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
+	"slices"
 	"text/tabwriter"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/docker/docker/pkg/stringid"
 	"github.com/docker/go-units"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/api"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
 
 type inspectOptions struct {
 	service string
-	cluster string
 }
 
-func NewInspectCommand() *cobra.Command {
+func NewInspectCommand(groupID string) *cobra.Command {
 	opts := inspectOptions{}
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{
 		Use:   "inspect SERVICE",
@@ -29,16 +30,13 @@ func NewInspectCommand() *cobra.Command {
 			opts.service = args[0]
 			return inspect(cmd.Context(), uncli, opts)
 		},
+		GroupID: groupID,
 	}
-	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(
-		&opts.cluster, "context", "c", "",
-		"Name of the cluster context. (default is the current context)",
-	)
 	return cmd
 }
 
 func inspect(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts inspectOptions) error {
-	client, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx, opts.cluster)
+	client, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("connect to cluster: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -58,23 +56,31 @@ func inspect(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts inspectOptions) error {
 		machinesNamesByID[m.Machine.Id] = m.Machine.Name
 	}
 
-	fmt.Printf("ID:    %s\n", svc.ID)
+	fmt.Printf("Service ID: %s\n", svc.ID)
 	fmt.Printf("Name:       %s\n", svc.Name)
 	fmt.Printf("Mode:       %s\n", svc.Mode)
 	fmt.Println()
 
+	// Parse created times for sorting and display.
+	createdTimes := make(map[string]time.Time, len(svc.Containers))
+	for _, ctr := range svc.Containers {
+		createdTimes[ctr.Container.ID], _ = time.Parse(time.RFC3339Nano, ctr.Container.Created)
+	}
+
+	// Sort containers by created time (newest first).
+	slices.SortFunc(svc.Containers, func(a, b api.MachineServiceContainer) int {
+		return createdTimes[b.Container.ID].Compare(createdTimes[a.Container.ID])
+	})
+
 	// Print the list of containers in a table format.
 	tw := tabwriter.NewWriter(os.Stdout, 0, 0, 3, ' ', 0)
-	if _, err = fmt.Fprintln(tw, "CONTAINER ID\tIMAGE\tCREATED\tSTATUS\tMACHINE"); err != nil {
+	if _, err = fmt.Fprintln(tw, "CONTAINER ID\tIMAGE\tCREATED\tSTATUS\tIP ADDRESS\tMACHINE"); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("write header: %w", err)
 	}
 
+	now := time.Now().UTC()
 	for _, ctr := range svc.Containers {
-		createdAt, err := time.Parse(time.RFC3339Nano, ctr.Container.Created)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("parse created time: %w", err)
-		}
-		created := units.HumanDuration(time.Now().UTC().Sub(createdAt)) + " ago"
+		created := units.HumanDuration(now.Sub(createdTimes[ctr.Container.ID])) + " ago"
 
 		machine := machinesNamesByID[ctr.MachineID]
 		if machine == "" {
@@ -85,13 +91,21 @@ func inspect(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts inspectOptions) error {
 			return fmt.Errorf("get human state: %w", err)
 		}
 
+		ip := ctr.Container.UncloudNetworkIP()
+		ipStr := ""
+		// The container might not have an IP if it's not running or uses the host network.
+		if ip.IsValid() {
+			ipStr = ip.String()
+		}
+
 		_, err = fmt.Fprintf(
 			tw,
-			"%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\n",
+			"%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\n",
 			stringid.TruncateID(ctr.Container.ID),
 			ctr.Container.Config.Image,
 			created,
 			state,
+			ipStr,
 			machine,
 		)
 		if err != nil {

cmd/uncloud/service/logs.go

@@ -0,0 +1,363 @@
+package service
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"image/color"
+	"os"
+	"slices"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"charm.land/lipgloss/v2"
+	mapset "github.com/deckarep/golang-set/v2"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/pkg/stringid"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli/tui"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/api"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/client"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/client/compose"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+)
+
+type logsOptions struct {
+	files    []string
+	follow   bool
+	tail     string
+	since    string
+	until    string
+	utc      bool
+	machines []string
+}
+
+func NewLogsCommand(groupID string) *cobra.Command {
+	var options logsOptions
+
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:     "logs [SERVICE...]",
+		Aliases: []string{"log"},
+		Short:   "View service logs.",
+		Long: `View logs from all replicas of the specified service(s) across all machines in the cluster.
+
+If no services are specified, streams logs from all services defined in the Compose file
+(compose.yaml by default or the file(s) specified with --file).`,
+		Example: `  # View recent logs for a service.
+  uc logs web
+
+  # Stream logs in real-time (follow mode).
+  uc logs -f web
+
+  # View logs from multiple services.
+  uc logs web api db
+
+  # View logs from all services in compose.yaml.
+  uc logs
+
+  # Show last 20 lines per replica (default is 100).
+  uc logs -n 20 web
+
+  # Show all logs without line limit.
+  uc logs -n all web
+
+  # View logs from a specific time range.
+  uc logs --since 3h --until 1h30m web
+
+  # View logs only from replicas running on specific machines.
+  uc logs -m machine1,machine2 web api`,
+		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			uncli := cmd.Context().Value("cli").(*cli.CLI)
+			return runLogs(cmd.Context(), uncli, args, options)
+		},
+		GroupID: groupID,
+	}
+
+	cmd.Flags().StringSliceVar(&options.files, "file", nil,
+		"One or more Compose files to load service names from when no services are specified. (default compose.yaml)")
+	cmd.Flags().BoolVarP(&options.follow, "follow", "f", false,
+		"Continually stream new logs.")
+	cmd.Flags().StringSliceVarP(&options.machines, "machine", "m", nil,
+		"Filter logs by machine name or ID. Can be specified multiple times or as a comma-separated list.")
+	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&options.since, "since", "",
+		"Show logs generated on or after the given timestamp. Accepts relative duration, RFC 3339 date, or Unix timestamp.\n"+
+			"Examples:\n"+
+			"  --since 2m30s                      Relative duration (2 minutes 30 seconds ago)\n"+
+			"  --since 1h                         Relative duration (1 hour ago)\n"+
+			"  --since 2025-11-24                 RFC 3339 date only (midnight using local timezone)\n"+
+			"  --since 2024-05-14T22:50:00        RFC 3339 date/time using local timezone\n"+
+			"  --since 2024-01-31T10:30:00Z       RFC 3339 date/time in UTC\n"+
+			"  --since 1763953966                 Unix timestamp (seconds since January 1, 1970)")
+	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(&options.tail, "tail", "n", "100",
+		"Show the most recent logs and limit the number of lines shown per replica. Use 'all' to show all logs.")
+	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&options.until, "until", "",
+		"Show logs generated before the given timestamp. Accepts relative duration, RFC 3339 date, or Unix timestamp.\n"+
+			"See --since for examples.")
+	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&options.utc, "utc", false,
+		"Print timestamps in UTC instead of local timezone.")
+
+	return cmd
+}
+
+func runLogs(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, serviceNames []string, opts logsOptions) error {
+	// If no services specified, try to load them from the Compose file(s).
+	fromCompose := false
+	if len(serviceNames) == 0 {
+		fromCompose = true
+		project, err := compose.LoadProject(ctx, opts.files)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("load Compose file(s): %w", err)
+		}
+
+		uncli.SetClusterContextIfUnset(compose.ClusterContext(project))
+
+		// View logs for all services, including disabled by inactive profiles.
+		serviceNames = append(project.ServiceNames(), project.DisabledServiceNames()...)
+		if len(serviceNames) == 0 {
+			return errors.New("no services found in Compose file(s)")
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Parse tail option.
+	tail := -1
+	if opts.tail != "all" {
+		tailInt, err := strconv.Atoi(opts.tail)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("invalid --tail value '%s': %w", opts.tail, err)
+		}
+		tail = tailInt
+	}
+
+	c, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("connect to cluster: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer c.Close()
+
+	logsOpts := api.ServiceLogsOptions{
+		Follow:   opts.follow,
+		Tail:     tail,
+		Since:    opts.since,
+		Until:    opts.until,
+		Machines: cli.ExpandCommaSeparatedValues(opts.machines),
+	}
+
+	// Collect log streams from all services. When service names come from a Compose file,
+	// skip the ones that are not found in the cluster (they may have been removed or not deployed yet).
+	machineIDsSet := mapset.NewSet[string]()
+	svcStreams := make([]<-chan api.ServiceLogEntry, 0, len(serviceNames))
+	var foundServices, notFoundServices []string
+
+	for _, serviceName := range serviceNames {
+		svc, ch, err := c.ServiceLogs(ctx, serviceName, logsOpts)
+		if err != nil {
+			if errors.Is(err, api.ErrNotFound) && fromCompose {
+				notFoundServices = append(notFoundServices, serviceName)
+				continue
+			}
+			return fmt.Errorf("stream logs for service '%s': %w", serviceName, err)
+		}
+		svcStreams = append(svcStreams, ch)
+		foundServices = append(foundServices, serviceName)
+
+		machineIDs := svc.MachineIDs()
+		machineIDsSet.Append(machineIDs...)
+	}
+
+	if fromCompose {
+		if len(foundServices) == 0 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("stream logs for services defined in %s: no services found in the cluster",
+				strings.Join(opts.files, ", "))
+		}
+		serviceNames = foundServices
+
+		for _, name := range notFoundServices {
+			tui.PrintWarning(fmt.Sprintf("service '%s' not found in the cluster, skipping", name))
+		}
+	}
+
+	var stream <-chan api.ServiceLogEntry
+	if len(serviceNames) == 1 {
+		stream = svcStreams[0]
+	} else {
+		// Merge all service streams into a single sorted stream without stall detection as its handled per-service.
+		merger := client.NewLogMerger(svcStreams, client.LogMergerOptions{})
+		stream = merger.Stream()
+	}
+
+	// Fetch machine names for all machines (machineIDsSet) service containers are running on.
+	machines, err := c.ListMachines(ctx, &api.MachineFilter{NamesOrIDs: machineIDsSet.ToSlice()})
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("list machines: %w", err)
+	}
+	machineNames := make([]string, 0, len(machines))
+	for _, m := range machines {
+		machineNames = append(machineNames, m.Machine.Name)
+	}
+
+	formatter := newLogFormatter(machineNames, serviceNames, opts.utc)
+
+	// Print merged logs.
+	for entry := range stream {
+		if entry.Err != nil {
+			formatter.printError(entry)
+			continue
+		}
+		formatter.printEntry(entry)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Available colors for machine/service differentiation.
+var colorPalette = []color.Color{
+	lipgloss.BrightGreen,
+	lipgloss.BrightYellow,
+	lipgloss.BrightBlue,
+	lipgloss.BrightMagenta,
+	lipgloss.BrightCyan,
+	lipgloss.Green,
+	lipgloss.Yellow,
+	lipgloss.Blue,
+	lipgloss.Magenta,
+	lipgloss.Cyan,
+}
+
+// logFormatter handles formatting and printing of log entries with dynamic column alignment.
+type logFormatter struct {
+	machineNames []string
+	serviceNames []string
+
+	maxMachineWidth int
+	maxServiceWidth int
+
+	utc bool
+}
+
+func newLogFormatter(machineNames, serviceNames []string, utc bool) *logFormatter {
+	slices.Sort(machineNames)
+	slices.Sort(serviceNames)
+
+	maxMachineWidth := 0
+	for _, name := range machineNames {
+		if len(name) > maxMachineWidth {
+			maxMachineWidth = len(name)
+		}
+	}
+
+	maxServiceWidth := 0
+	for _, name := range serviceNames {
+		if len(name) > maxServiceWidth {
+			maxServiceWidth = len(name)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return &logFormatter{
+		machineNames:    machineNames,
+		serviceNames:    serviceNames,
+		maxMachineWidth: maxMachineWidth,
+		maxServiceWidth: maxServiceWidth,
+		utc:             utc,
+	}
+}
+
+// formatTimestamp formats timestamp using local timezone or UTC if configured.
+func (f *logFormatter) formatTimestamp(t time.Time) string {
+	if f.utc {
+		t = t.UTC()
+	} else {
+		t = t.In(time.Local)
+	}
+	dimStyle := lipgloss.NewStyle().Faint(true)
+
+	return dimStyle.Render(t.Format(time.StampMilli))
+}
+
+func (f *logFormatter) formatMachine(name string) string {
+	style := lipgloss.NewStyle().Bold(true).PaddingRight(f.maxMachineWidth - len(name))
+
+	if len(f.serviceNames) == 1 {
+		// Machine name is coloured for single-service logs.
+		i := slices.Index(f.machineNames, name)
+		if i == -1 {
+			f.machineNames = append(f.machineNames, name)
+			i = len(f.machineNames) - 1
+		}
+
+		style = style.Foreground(colorPalette[i%len(colorPalette)])
+	}
+
+	return style.Render(name)
+}
+
+func (f *logFormatter) formatServiceContainer(serviceName, containerID string) string {
+	styleService := lipgloss.NewStyle().Bold(true).PaddingRight(f.maxServiceWidth - len(serviceName))
+	styleContainer := lipgloss.NewStyle().Faint(true)
+
+	if len(f.serviceNames) > 1 {
+		// Service name is coloured for multi-service logs.
+		i := slices.Index(f.serviceNames, serviceName)
+		if i == -1 {
+			f.serviceNames = append(f.serviceNames, serviceName)
+			i = len(f.serviceNames) - 1
+		}
+
+		styleService = styleService.Foreground(colorPalette[i%len(colorPalette)])
+	}
+
+	return styleService.Render(serviceName) + styleContainer.Render("["+containerID[:5]+"]")
+}
+
+// printEntry prints a single log entry with proper formatting.
+func (f *logFormatter) printEntry(entry api.ServiceLogEntry) {
+	if entry.Stream != api.LogStreamStdout && entry.Stream != api.LogStreamStderr {
+		return
+	}
+
+	var output strings.Builder
+
+	// Timestamp
+	output.WriteString(f.formatTimestamp(entry.Timestamp))
+	output.WriteString(" ")
+
+	// Machine name
+	output.WriteString(f.formatMachine(entry.Metadata.MachineName))
+	output.WriteString(" ")
+
+	// Service[container_id]
+	output.WriteString(f.formatServiceContainer(entry.Metadata.ServiceName, entry.Metadata.ContainerID))
+	output.WriteString(" ")
+
+	// Message
+	output.Write(entry.Message)
+
+	// Print to appropriate stream.
+	if entry.Stream == api.LogStreamStderr {
+		fmt.Fprint(os.Stderr, output.String())
+	} else {
+		fmt.Print(output.String())
+	}
+}
+
+// printError prints an error entry (e.g., stalled stream warning).
+func (f *logFormatter) printError(entry api.ServiceLogEntry) {
+	if entry.Metadata.ContainerID != "" {
+		msg := fmt.Sprintf("WARNING: log stream from %s[%s] on machine '%s'",
+			entry.Metadata.ServiceName,
+			stringid.TruncateID(entry.Metadata.ContainerID),
+			entry.Metadata.MachineName)
+
+		if errors.Is(entry.Err, api.ErrLogStreamStalled) {
+			msg += " stopped responding"
+		} else {
+			msg += fmt.Sprintf(": %v", entry.Err)
+		}
+
+		style := lipgloss.NewStyle().Bold(true).Foreground(lipgloss.Color("11")) // Bold bright yellow
+		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, style.Render(msg))
+	} else {
+		msg := fmt.Sprintf("ERROR: %v", entry.Err)
+		style := lipgloss.NewStyle().Bold(true).Foreground(lipgloss.Color("9")) // Bold bright red
+		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, style.Render(msg))
+	}
+}

cmd/uncloud/service/ls.go

@@ -4,34 +4,31 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
+	"slices"
 	"strings"
 	"text/tabwriter"
 
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/api"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
 
-func NewListCommand() *cobra.Command {
-	// TODO(lhf): rename to context
-	var cluster string
+func NewListCommand(groupID string) *cobra.Command {
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{
 		Use:     "ls",
 		Aliases: []string{"list"},
 		Short:   "List services.",
 		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 			uncli := cmd.Context().Value("cli").(*cli.CLI)
-			return list(cmd.Context(), uncli, cluster)
+			return list(cmd.Context(), uncli)
 		},
+		GroupID: groupID,
 	}
-	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(
-		&cluster, "context", "c", "",
-		"Name of the cluster context. (default is the current context)",
-	)
 	return cmd
 }
 
-func list(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, clusterName string) error {
-	client, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx, clusterName)
+func list(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI) error {
+	client, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("connect to cluster: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -42,15 +39,15 @@ func list(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, clusterName string) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("list services: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	serviceNames := make(map[string]struct{}, len(services))
+	// Sort services by name.
 	haveDuplicateNames := false
-	for _, svc := range services {
-		if _, exists := serviceNames[svc.Name]; exists {
+	slices.SortFunc(services, func(a, b api.Service) int {
+		if a.Name == b.Name {
 			haveDuplicateNames = true
-			break
-		}
-		serviceNames[svc.Name] = struct{}{}
+			return strings.Compare(a.ID, b.ID)
 		}
+		return strings.Compare(a.Name, b.Name)
+	})
 
 	// Print the list of services in a table format.
 	tw := tabwriter.NewWriter(os.Stdout, 0, 0, 3, ' ', 0)
@@ -61,19 +58,29 @@ func list(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, clusterName string) error {
 			return fmt.Errorf("write header: %w", err)
 		}
 	}
-	if _, err = fmt.Fprintln(tw, "NAME\tMODE\tREPLICAS\tENDPOINTS"); err != nil {
+	if _, err = fmt.Fprintln(tw, "NAME\tMODE\tREPLICAS\tIMAGE\tENDPOINTS"); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("write header: %w", err)
 	}
 	for _, s := range services {
-		endpointsSlice := s.Endpoints()
-		endpoints := strings.Join(endpointsSlice, ", ")
+		images := strings.Join(s.Images(), ", ")
+		endpoints := strings.Join(s.Endpoints(), ", ")
+
+		// If no endpoints from ports, check if the service uses custom Caddy config.
+		if endpoints == "" {
+			for _, ctr := range s.Containers {
+				if ctr.Container.ServiceSpec.CaddyConfig() != "" {
+					endpoints = "(custom Caddy config)"
+				}
+			}
+		}
 
 		if haveDuplicateNames {
 			if _, err = fmt.Fprintf(tw, "%s\t", s.ID); err != nil {
 				return fmt.Errorf("write row: %w", err)
 			}
 		}
-		if _, err = fmt.Fprintf(tw, "%s\t%s\t%d\t%s\n", s.Name, s.Mode, len(s.Containers), endpoints); err != nil {
+		if _, err = fmt.Fprintf(tw, "%s\t%s\t%d\t%s\t%s\n",
+			s.Name, s.Mode, len(s.Containers), images, endpoints); err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("write row: %w", err)
 		}
 	}

cmd/uncloud/service/rm.go

@@ -11,31 +11,32 @@ import (
 
 type rmOptions struct {
 	services []string
-	cluster  string
 }
 
-func NewRmCommand() *cobra.Command {
+func NewRmCommand(groupID string) *cobra.Command {
 	opts := rmOptions{}
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{
 		Use:     "rm SERVICE [SERVICE...]",
 		Aliases: []string{"remove", "delete"},
 		Short:   "Remove one or more services.",
+		Long: `Remove one or more services.
+
+The volumes used by the services are preserved and should be removed separately
+with 'uc volume rm'. Anonymous Docker volumes (automatically created from VOLUME
+directives in image Dockerfiles) are automatically removed with their containers.`,
 		Args: cobra.MinimumNArgs(1),
 		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 			uncli := cmd.Context().Value("cli").(*cli.CLI)
 			opts.services = args
 			return rm(cmd.Context(), uncli, opts)
 		},
+		GroupID: groupID,
 	}
-	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(
-		&opts.cluster, "context", "c", "",
-		"Name of the cluster context. (default is the current context)",
-	)
 	return cmd
 }
 
 func rm(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts rmOptions) error {
-	client, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx, opts.cluster)
+	client, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("connect to cluster: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -50,5 +51,5 @@ func rm(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts rmOptions) error {
 		}, uncli.ProgressOut(), "Removing service "+s)
 	}
 
-	return nil
+	return err
 }

cmd/uncloud/service/root.go

@@ -8,14 +8,18 @@ func NewRootCommand() *cobra.Command {
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{
 		Use:     "service",
 		Aliases: []string{"svc"},
-		Short:   "Manage services in an Uncloud cluster.",
+		Short:   "Manage services in the cluster.",
 	}
 	cmd.AddCommand(
-		NewInspectCommand(),
-		NewListCommand(),
-		NewRmCommand(),
-		NewRunCommand(),
-		NewScaleCommand(),
+		NewExecCommand(""),
+		NewInspectCommand(""),
+		NewListCommand(""),
+		NewLogsCommand(""),
+		NewRmCommand(""),
+		NewRunCommand(""),
+		NewScaleCommand(""),
+		NewStartCommand(""),
+		NewStopCommand(""),
 	)
 	return cmd
 }

cmd/uncloud/service/run.go

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 	dockeropts "github.com/docker/cli/opts"
 	"github.com/docker/compose/v2/pkg/progress"
 	"github.com/docker/docker/daemon/names"
+	"github.com/docker/go-units"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/secret"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/api"
@@ -27,18 +28,18 @@ type runOptions struct {
 	machines          []string
 	memory            dockeropts.MemBytes
 	mode              string
+	shmSize           dockeropts.MemBytes
 	name              string
 	privileged        bool
 	publish           []string
 	pull              string
 	replicas          uint
+	ulimits           []string
 	user              string
 	volumes           []string
-
-	cluster string
 }
 
-func NewRunCommand() *cobra.Command {
+func NewRunCommand(groupID string) *cobra.Command {
 	opts := runOptions{}
 
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ func NewRunCommand() *cobra.Command {
 
 			return run(cmd.Context(), uncli, opts)
 		},
+		GroupID: groupID,
 	}
 
 	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&opts.caddyfile, "caddyfile", "",
@@ -77,8 +79,12 @@ func NewRunCommand() *cobra.Command {
 		"Placement constraint by machine names, limiting which machines the service can run on. Can be specified "+
 			"multiple times or as a comma-separated list of machine names. (default is any suitable machine)")
 	cmd.Flags().VarP(&opts.memory, "memory", "",
-		"Maximum amount of memory a service container can use. Value is a positive integer with optional unit suffix "+
-			"(b, k, m, g). Default unit is bytes if no suffix specified.\n"+
+		"Maximum amount of memory a service container can use. Value is a positive integer with optional unit suffix (b, k, m, g).\n"+
+			"Default unit is bytes if no suffix specified.\n"+
+			"Examples: 1073741824, 1024m, 1g (all equal 1 gibibyte)")
+	cmd.Flags().VarP(&opts.shmSize, "shm-size", "",
+		"Maximum amount of shared memory (mounted at /dev/shm) a service container can use. Value is a positive integer\n"+
+			"with optional unit suffix (b, k, m, g). Default unit is bytes if no suffix specified.\n"+
 			"Examples: 1073741824, 1024m, 1g (all equal 1 gibibyte)")
 	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(&opts.name, "name", "n", "",
 		"Assign a name to the service. A random name is generated if not specified.")
@@ -103,6 +109,12 @@ func NewRunCommand() *cobra.Command {
 	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(&opts.user, "user", "u", "",
 		"User name or UID and optionally group name or GID used for running the command inside service containers.\n"+
 			"Format: USER[:GROUP] or UID[:GID]. If not specified, the user is set to the default user of the image.")
+	cmd.Flags().StringSliceVar(&opts.ulimits, "ulimit", nil,
+		"Set resource limits for service containers. Can be specified multiple times.\n"+
+			"Format: type=soft_limit[:hard_limit]. If hard limit is not specified, soft limit is used for both.\n"+
+			"Examples:\n"+
+			"  --ulimit nofile=1024:2048  Set soft limit to 1024 and hard limit to 2048 for number of open files\n"+
+			"  --ulimit nproc=65535       Set both soft and hard limits to 65535 for number of processes")
 	cmd.Flags().StringSliceVarP(&opts.volumes, "volume", "v", nil,
 		"Mount a data volume or host path into service containers. Service containers will be scheduled on the machine(s) where\n"+
 			"the volume is located. Can be specified multiple times.\n"+
@@ -112,11 +124,6 @@ func NewRunCommand() *cobra.Command {
 			"  -v /data/uploads:/app/uploads         	 Bind mount /data/uploads host directory to /app/uploads in container\n"+
 			"  -v /host/path:/container/path:ro 		 Bind mount a host directory or file as read-only")
 
-	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(
-		&opts.cluster, "context", "c", "",
-		"Name of the cluster context to run the service in. (default is the current context)",
-	)
-
 	return cmd
 }
 
@@ -126,7 +133,7 @@ func run(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts runOptions) error {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	clusterClient, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx, opts.cluster)
+	clusterClient, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("connect to cluster: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -200,13 +207,18 @@ func prepareServiceSpec(opts runOptions) (api.ServiceSpec, error) {
 		ports[i] = port
 	}
 
-	volumes, mounts, err := parseVolumeFlags(opts.volumes)
+	placement := api.Placement{
+		Machines: cli.ExpandCommaSeparatedValues(opts.machines),
+	}
+
+	ulimits, err := parseUlimits(opts.ulimits)
 	if err != nil {
 		return spec, err
 	}
 
-	placement := api.Placement{
-		Machines: cli.ExpandCommaSeparatedValues(opts.machines),
+	volumes, mounts, err := parseVolumeFlags(opts.volumes)
+	if err != nil {
+		return spec, err
 	}
 
 	spec = api.ServiceSpec{
@@ -219,6 +231,8 @@ func prepareServiceSpec(opts runOptions) (api.ServiceSpec, error) {
 			Resources: api.ContainerResources{
 				CPU:          opts.cpu.Value(),
 				Memory:       opts.memory.Value(),
+				SharedMemory: opts.shmSize.Value(),
+				Ulimits:      ulimits,
 			},
 			User:         opts.user,
 			VolumeMounts: mounts,
@@ -308,6 +322,24 @@ func parseVolumeFlags(volumes []string) ([]api.VolumeSpec, []api.VolumeMount, er
 	return specs, mounts, nil
 }
 
+// parseUlimits parses ulimit flag values in Docker CLI format (type=soft[:hard]).
+func parseUlimits(ulimits []string) (map[string]api.Ulimit, error) {
+	if len(ulimits) == 0 {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+
+	result := make(map[string]api.Ulimit, len(ulimits))
+	for _, u := range ulimits {
+		parsed, err := units.ParseUlimit(u)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid ulimit '%s': %w", u, err)
+		}
+		result[parsed.Name] = api.Ulimit{Soft: parsed.Soft, Hard: parsed.Hard}
+	}
+
+	return result, nil
+}
+
 func parseVolumeFlagValue(volume string) (api.VolumeSpec, api.VolumeMount, error) {
 	var spec api.VolumeSpec
 	var mount api.VolumeMount
@@ -326,8 +358,8 @@ func parseVolumeFlagValue(volume string) (api.VolumeSpec, api.VolumeMount, error
 		volumeNoCopy := false
 
 		if len(parts) == 3 {
-			opts := strings.Split(parts[2], ",")
-			for _, opt := range opts {
+			opts := strings.SplitSeq(parts[2], ",")
+			for opt := range opts {
 				switch opt {
 				case "ro", "readonly":
 					mount.ReadOnly = true

cmd/uncloud/service/scale.go

@@ -2,12 +2,16 @@ package service
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"os"
 	"strconv"
+	"strings"
 
-	"github.com/charmbracelet/huh"
+	"charm.land/lipgloss/v2"
 	"github.com/docker/compose/v2/pkg/progress"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli/tui"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/api"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
@@ -15,17 +19,19 @@ import (
 type scaleOptions struct {
 	service  string
 	replicas uint
-	cluster  string
+	yes      bool
 }
 
-func NewScaleCommand() *cobra.Command {
+func NewScaleCommand(groupID string) *cobra.Command {
 	opts := scaleOptions{}
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{
 		Use:   "scale SERVICE REPLICAS",
 		Short: "Scale a replicated service by changing the number of replicas.",
-		Long:  "Scale a replicated service by changing the number of replicas. Scaling down requires confirmation.",
+		Long:  "Scale a replicated service by changing the number of replicas.",
 		Args:  cobra.ExactArgs(2),
 		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			cli.BindEnvToFlag(cmd, "yes", "UNCLOUD_AUTO_CONFIRM")
+
 			uncli := cmd.Context().Value("cli").(*cli.CLI)
 
 			opts.service = args[0]
@@ -37,12 +43,12 @@ func NewScaleCommand() *cobra.Command {
 
 			return scale(cmd.Context(), uncli, opts)
 		},
+		GroupID: groupID,
 	}
 
-	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(
-		&opts.cluster, "context", "c", "",
-		"Name of the cluster context. (default is the current context)",
-	)
+	cmd.Flags().BoolVarP(&opts.yes, "yes", "y", false,
+		"Auto-confirm scaling plan. Should be explicitly set when running non-interactively,\n"+
+			"e.g., in CI/CD pipelines. [$UNCLOUD_AUTO_CONFIRM]")
 
 	return cmd
 }
@@ -57,7 +63,7 @@ func scale(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts scaleOptions) error {
 		)
 	}
 
-	clusterClient, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx, opts.cluster)
+	clusterClient, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("connect to cluster: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -76,7 +82,8 @@ func scale(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts scaleOptions) error {
 	currentReplicas := uint(len(svc.Containers))
 
 	if currentReplicas == opts.replicas {
-		fmt.Printf("Service '%s' already has %d replicas. No changes required.\n", svc.Name, currentReplicas)
+		fmt.Printf("Service %s already has %s replicas. No changes required.\n",
+			tui.NameStyle.Render(svc.Name), tui.Bold.Render(fmt.Sprintf("%d", currentReplicas)))
 		return nil
 	}
 
@@ -91,23 +98,51 @@ func scale(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts scaleOptions) error {
 	}
 
 	if len(plan.Operations) == 0 {
-		fmt.Printf("Service '%s' is already scaled to %d replicas.\n", svc.Name, opts.replicas)
+		fmt.Printf("Service %s is already scaled to %d replicas.\n", tui.NameStyle.Render(svc.Name), opts.replicas)
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	if opts.replicas < currentReplicas {
-		// Initialise a machine and container name resolver to properly format the plan output.
-		resolver, err := clusterClient.ServiceOperationNameResolver(ctx, svc)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("create machine and container name resolver for service operations: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		fmt.Printf("Scaling plan for service %s (%d → %d replicas):\n", svc.Name, currentReplicas, opts.replicas)
-		fmt.Println(plan.Format(resolver))
+	fmt.Println(tui.Bold.Underline(true).Render("Scaling plan"))
 	fmt.Println()
 
-		// Ask for confirmation before scaling down as it may cause data loss.
-		confirmed, err := confirm()
+	directConn := uncli.DirectConnection()
+	contextName := uncli.ContextOverrideOrCurrent()
+	deployTarget := ""
+	if directConn != "" {
+		deployTarget = directConn
+		fmt.Println(tui.Faint.Render("connection: ") + tui.NameStyle.Render(directConn))
+		fmt.Println()
+	} else if contextName != "" && len(uncli.Config.Contexts) > 1 {
+		// Only show context if there's more than one to avoid unnecessary clutter.
+		deployTarget = contextName
+		fmt.Println(tui.Faint.Render("context: ") + tui.NameStyle.Render(contextName))
+		fmt.Println()
+	}
+
+	fmt.Println(plan.Format())
+
+	summary := plan.FormatSummary()
+	fmt.Println(tui.Faint.Render(strings.Repeat("─", lipgloss.Width(summary))))
+	fmt.Println(summary)
+	fmt.Println()
+
+	// Ask for confirmation unless auto-confirmed with --yes.
+	if !opts.yes {
+		if !tui.IsStdinTerminal() {
+			return errors.New("cannot ask to confirm scaling plan in non-interactive mode, " +
+				"use --yes flag or set UNCLOUD_AUTO_CONFIRM=true to auto-confirm")
+		}
+
+		title := "Proceed with scaling?"
+		// Include the direct connection or context name in the confirmation prompt to avoid accidentally
+		// scaling on the wrong cluster.
+		if deployTarget != "" {
+			isDark := lipgloss.HasDarkBackground(os.Stdin, os.Stdout)
+			confirmStyle := tui.ThemeConfirm().Theme(isDark).Focused.Title
+			title = "Proceed with scaling on " + tui.NameStyle.Render(deployTarget) + confirmStyle.Render("?")
+		}
+
+		confirmed, err := tui.Confirm(title)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("confirm scaling: %w", err)
 		}
@@ -117,7 +152,8 @@ func scale(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts scaleOptions) error {
 		}
 	}
 
-	title := fmt.Sprintf("Scaling service %s (%d → %d replicas)", svc.Name, currentReplicas, opts.replicas)
+	title := fmt.Sprintf("Scaling service %s (%d → %d replicas)",
+		tui.NameStyle.Render(svc.Name), currentReplicas, opts.replicas)
 	err = progress.RunWithTitle(ctx, func(ctx context.Context) error {
 		if _, err = deployment.Run(ctx); err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("deploy service: %w", err)
@@ -130,23 +166,3 @@ func scale(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts scaleOptions) error {
 
 	return nil
 }
-
-func confirm() (bool, error) {
-	var confirmed bool
-	form := huh.NewForm(
-		huh.NewGroup(
-			huh.NewConfirm().
-				Title(
-					"Do you want to continue?",
-				).
-				Affirmative("Yes!").
-				Negative("No").
-				Value(&confirmed),
-		),
-	).WithAccessible(true)
-	if err := form.Run(); err != nil {
-		return false, err
-	}
-
-	return confirmed, nil
-}

cmd/uncloud/service/start.go

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+//nolint:dupl
+package service
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/docker/compose/v2/pkg/progress"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+)
+
+type startOptions struct {
+	services []string
+}
+
+func NewStartCommand(groupID string) *cobra.Command {
+	opts := startOptions{}
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "start SERVICE [SERVICE...]",
+		Short: "Start one or more services.",
+		Long: `Start one or more previously stopped services.
+
+Starts all containers of the specified service(s) across all machines in the cluster.
+Services can be specified by name or ID.`,
+		Args: cobra.MinimumNArgs(1),
+		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			uncli := cmd.Context().Value("cli").(*cli.CLI)
+			opts.services = args
+			return start(cmd.Context(), uncli, opts)
+		},
+		GroupID: groupID,
+	}
+	return cmd
+}
+
+func start(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts startOptions) error {
+	client, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("connect to cluster: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer client.Close()
+
+	for _, s := range opts.services {
+		err = progress.RunWithTitle(ctx, func(ctx context.Context) error {
+			if err = client.StartService(ctx, s); err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("start service '%s': %w", s, err)
+			}
+			return nil
+		}, uncli.ProgressOut(), "Starting service "+s)
+	}
+
+	return err
+}

cmd/uncloud/service/stop.go

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+//nolint:dupl
+package service
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/docker/compose/v2/pkg/progress"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/container"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+)
+
+type stopOptions struct {
+	services []string
+	signal   string
+	timeout  int
+}
+
+func NewStopCommand(groupID string) *cobra.Command {
+	opts := stopOptions{}
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "stop SERVICE [SERVICE...]",
+		Short: "Stop one or more services.",
+		Long: `Stop one or more running services.
+
+Gracefully stops all containers of the specified service(s) across all machines in the cluster.
+Services can be specified by name or ID. Stopped services can be restarted with 'uc start'.`,
+		Args: cobra.MinimumNArgs(1),
+		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			uncli := cmd.Context().Value("cli").(*cli.CLI)
+			opts.services = args
+			return stop(cmd.Context(), uncli, opts)
+		},
+		GroupID: groupID,
+	}
+	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(&opts.signal, "signal", "s", "",
+		"Signal to send to each container's main process.\n"+
+			"Can be a signal name (SIGTERM, SIGINT, SIGHUP, etc.) or a number. (default SIGTERM)")
+	cmd.Flags().IntVarP(&opts.timeout, "timeout", "t", 10,
+		"Seconds to wait for each container to stop gracefully before forcibly killing it with SIGKILL.\n"+
+			"Use -1 to wait indefinitely.")
+	return cmd
+}
+
+func stop(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts stopOptions) error {
+	client, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("connect to cluster: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer client.Close()
+
+	stopOpts := container.StopOptions{
+		Signal:  opts.signal,
+		Timeout: &opts.timeout,
+	}
+
+	for _, s := range opts.services {
+		err = progress.RunWithTitle(ctx, func(ctx context.Context) error {
+			if err = client.StopService(ctx, s, stopOpts); err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("stop service '%s': %w", s, err)
+			}
+			return nil
+		}, uncli.ProgressOut(), "Stopping service "+s)
+	}
+
+	return err
+}

cmd/uncloud/volume/create.go

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"slices"
 	"strings"
 
-	"github.com/charmbracelet/huh"
+	"charm.land/huh/v2"
 	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/volume"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/machine/api/pb"
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ type createOptions struct {
 	driverOpts []string
 	labels     []string
 	machine    string
-	context    string
 }
 
 func NewCreateCommand() *cobra.Command {
@@ -50,14 +49,12 @@ func NewCreateCommand() *cobra.Command {
 		"Labels to assign to the volume in the form of 'key=value' pairs. Can be specified multiple times.")
 	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(&opts.machine, "machine", "m", "",
 		"Name or ID of the machine to create the volume on.")
-	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(&opts.context, "context", "c", "",
-		"Name of the cluster context. (default is the current context)")
 
 	return cmd
 }
 
 func create(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, name string, opts createOptions) error {
-	client, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx, opts.context)
+	client, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("connect to cluster: %w", err)
 	}

cmd/uncloud/volume/inspect.go

@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ import (
 
 type inspectOptions struct {
 	machine string
-	context string
 }
 
 func NewInspectCommand() *cobra.Command {
@@ -32,14 +31,12 @@ func NewInspectCommand() *cobra.Command {
 	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(&opts.machine, "machine", "m", "",
 		"Name or ID of the machine where the volume is located. "+
 			"If not specified, the volume will be searched across all machines.")
-	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(&opts.context, "context", "c", "",
-		"Name of the cluster context. (default is the current context)")
 
 	return cmd
 }
 
 func inspect(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, name string, opts inspectOptions) error {
-	client, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx, opts.context)
+	client, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("connect to cluster: %w", err)
 	}

cmd/uncloud/volume/ls.go

@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ import (
 type listOptions struct {
 	machines []string
 	quiet    bool
-	context  string
 }
 
 func NewListCommand() *cobra.Command {
@@ -38,14 +37,11 @@ func NewListCommand() *cobra.Command {
 	cmd.Flags().BoolVarP(&opts.quiet, "quiet", "q", false,
 		"Only display volume names.")
 
-	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(&opts.context, "context", "c", "",
-		"Name of the cluster context. (default is the current context)")
-
 	return cmd
 }
 
 func list(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts listOptions) error {
-	client, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx, opts.context)
+	client, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("connect to cluster: %w", err)
 	}

cmd/uncloud/volume/rm.go

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli/tui"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/api"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
@@ -14,7 +15,6 @@ type removeOptions struct {
 	force    bool
 	machines []string
 	yes      bool
-	context  string
 }
 
 func NewRemoveCommand() *cobra.Command {
@@ -41,14 +41,11 @@ func NewRemoveCommand() *cobra.Command {
 	cmd.Flags().BoolVarP(&opts.yes, "yes", "y", false,
 		"Do not prompt for confirmation before removing the volume(s).")
 
-	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(&opts.context, "context", "c", "",
-		"Name of the cluster context. (default is the current context)")
-
 	return cmd
 }
 
 func remove(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, names []string, opts removeOptions) error {
-	client, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx, opts.context)
+	client, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("connect to cluster: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -83,7 +80,7 @@ func remove(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, names []string, opts removeOpti
 		}
 
 		fmt.Println()
-		confirmed, err := cli.Confirm()
+		confirmed, err := tui.Confirm("")
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("confirm removal: %w", err)
 		}

cmd/uncloud/volume/root.go

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import (
 func NewRootCommand() *cobra.Command {
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{
 		Use:   "volume",
-		Short: "Manage volumes in an Uncloud cluster.",
+		Short: "Manage volumes in the cluster.",
 	}
 	cmd.AddCommand(
 		NewCreateCommand(),

cmd/uncloud/wg/wg.go

@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+package wg
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+	"text/tabwriter"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/docker/go-units"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl/wgtypes"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/status"
+)
+
+func NewRootCommand() *cobra.Command {
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "wg",
+		Short: "Inspect WireGuard network",
+	}
+	cmd.AddCommand(newShowCommand())
+	return cmd
+}
+
+type showOptions struct {
+	machine string
+}
+
+func newShowCommand() *cobra.Command {
+	opts := showOptions{}
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "show",
+		Short: "Show WireGuard network configuration for a machine.",
+		Long: "Show the WireGuard network configuration for the machine currently connected to " +
+			"(or specified by the global --connect flag).",
+		Args: cobra.NoArgs,
+		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			uncli := cmd.Context().Value("cli").(*cli.CLI)
+			return runShow(cmd.Context(), uncli, opts)
+		},
+	}
+	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(&opts.machine, "machine", "m", "",
+		"Name or ID of the machine to show the configuration for. (default is connected machine)")
+	return cmd
+}
+
+func runShow(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts showOptions) error {
+	client, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("connection failed: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer client.Close()
+
+	if opts.machine != "" {
+		// Proxy requests to the specified machine.
+		ctx, _, err = client.ProxyMachinesContext(ctx, []string{opts.machine})
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	resp, err := client.MachineClient.InspectWireGuardNetwork(ctx, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		if status.Code(err) == codes.Unimplemented {
+			return fmt.Errorf("inspect WireGuard network: "+
+				"make sure the target machine is running uncloudd daemon version >= 0.16.0: %w", err)
+		}
+		return err
+	}
+
+	machines, err := client.ListMachines(ctx, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("list machines: %w", err)
+	}
+	machinesNamesByPublicKey := make(map[string]string)
+	for _, m := range machines {
+		publicKey := wgtypes.Key(m.Machine.Network.PublicKey).String()
+		machinesNamesByPublicKey[publicKey] = m.Machine.Name
+	}
+
+	// Fetch the machine's name for more descriptive output
+	inspectResp, err := client.MachineClient.InspectMachine(ctx, nil)
+	if err == nil {
+		fmt.Printf("Machine name:         %s\n", inspectResp.Machines[0].Machine.Name)
+	}
+
+	fmt.Printf("WireGuard interface:  %s\n", resp.InterfaceName)
+	fmt.Printf("WireGuard public key: %s\n", wgtypes.Key(resp.PublicKey).String())
+	fmt.Printf("WireGuard port:       %d\n", resp.ListenPort)
+	fmt.Println()
+
+	if len(resp.Peers) == 0 {
+		fmt.Println("No WireGuard peers configured.")
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	tw := tabwriter.NewWriter(os.Stdout, 0, 0, 3, ' ', 0)
+	if _, err = fmt.Fprintln(tw, "PEER\tPUBLIC KEY\tENDPOINT\tHANDSHAKE\tRECEIVED\tSENT\tALLOWED IPS"); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("write header: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	for _, peer := range resp.Peers {
+		machineName, ok := machinesNamesByPublicKey[wgtypes.Key(peer.PublicKey).String()]
+		if !ok {
+			machineName = "(unknown)"
+		}
+
+		lastHandshake := ""
+		if peer.LastHandshakeTime != nil {
+			lastHandshake = time.Since(peer.LastHandshakeTime.AsTime()).Round(time.Second).String() + " ago"
+		}
+
+		_, err = fmt.Fprintf(
+			tw,
+			"%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\n",
+			machineName,
+			wgtypes.Key(peer.PublicKey).String(),
+			peer.Endpoint,
+			lastHandshake,
+			units.HumanSize(float64(peer.ReceiveBytes)),
+			units.HumanSize(float64(peer.TransmitBytes)),
+			strings.Join(peer.AllowedIps, ", "),
+		)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("write row: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+	return tw.Flush()
+}

cmd/uncloudd/dialstdio.go

@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"os"
+
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/machine"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+)
+
+func newDialStdioCommand() *cobra.Command {
+	var socketPath string
+
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:    "dial-stdio",
+		Short:  "Proxy stdin/stdout to the Uncloud API socket",
+		Hidden: true,
+		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			return runDialStdio(cmd.Context(), socketPath, os.Stdin, os.Stdout)
+		},
+	}
+
+	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&socketPath, "socket", machine.DefaultUncloudSockPath,
+		"Path to the Uncloud API socket")
+
+	return cmd
+}
+
+// halfReadCloser is the read side of a half-duplex connection.
+type halfReadCloser interface {
+	io.Reader
+	CloseRead() error
+}
+
+// halfWriteCloser is the write side of a half-duplex connection.
+type halfWriteCloser interface {
+	io.Writer
+	CloseWrite() error
+}
+
+// halfReadCloserWrapper wraps an io.ReadCloser to implement halfReadCloser.
+type halfReadCloserWrapper struct {
+	io.ReadCloser
+}
+
+func (x *halfReadCloserWrapper) CloseRead() error {
+	return x.Close()
+}
+
+// halfWriteCloserWrapper wraps an io.WriteCloser to implement halfWriteCloser.
+type halfWriteCloserWrapper struct {
+	io.WriteCloser
+}
+
+func (x *halfWriteCloserWrapper) CloseWrite() error {
+	return x.Close()
+}
+
+func runDialStdio(ctx context.Context, socketPath string, stdin io.Reader, stdout io.Writer) error {
+	// Connect to the unix socket.
+	var dialer net.Dialer
+	conn, err := dialer.DialContext(ctx, "unix", socketPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("connect to socket %q: %w", socketPath, err)
+	}
+	defer conn.Close()
+
+	// Wrap stdin/stdout to support half-closing.
+	var stdinCloser halfReadCloser
+	if c, ok := stdin.(halfReadCloser); ok {
+		stdinCloser = c
+	} else if c, ok := stdin.(io.ReadCloser); ok {
+		stdinCloser = &halfReadCloserWrapper{c}
+	}
+
+	var stdoutCloser halfWriteCloser
+	if c, ok := stdout.(halfWriteCloser); ok {
+		stdoutCloser = c
+	} else if c, ok := stdout.(io.WriteCloser); ok {
+		stdoutCloser = &halfWriteCloserWrapper{c}
+	}
+
+	// Copy data bidirectionally between stdin/stdout and the socket.
+	stdin2socket := make(chan error, 1)
+	socket2stdout := make(chan error, 1)
+
+	// Copy from stdin to socket.
+	go func() {
+		_, err := io.Copy(conn, stdin)
+		stdin2socket <- err
+		// Close write side of connection after stdin is done.
+		if unixConn, ok := conn.(*net.UnixConn); ok {
+			unixConn.CloseWrite()
+		}
+		if stdinCloser != nil {
+			stdinCloser.CloseRead()
+		}
+	}()
+
+	// Copy from socket to stdout.
+	go func() {
+		_, err := io.Copy(stdout, conn)
+		socket2stdout <- err
+		// Close read side of connection after socket is done sending.
+		if unixConn, ok := conn.(*net.UnixConn); ok {
+			unixConn.CloseRead()
+		}
+		if stdoutCloser != nil {
+			stdoutCloser.CloseWrite()
+		}
+	}()
+
+	select {
+	case err = <-stdin2socket:
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		// wait for stdout
+		err = <-socket2stdout
+	case err = <-socket2stdout:
+		// return immediately, matching Docker's approach
+		// (stdin is never closed when TTY)
+	}
+	return err
+}

cmd/uncloudd/main.go

@@ -42,6 +42,9 @@ func main() {
 		"Directory for storing persistent machine state")
 	_ = cmd.MarkFlagDirname("data-dir")
 
+	// Add dial-stdio subcommand.
+	cmd.AddCommand(newDialStdioCommand())
+
 	// ctx is canceled when the daemon command is interrupted.
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 

experiment/logger.go

@@ -17,57 +17,57 @@ func newIPFSLogger(l *slog.Logger) *ipfsLogger {
 	return &ipfsLogger{log: *l}
 }
 
-func (l *ipfsLogger) Debug(args ...interface{}) {
+func (l *ipfsLogger) Debug(args ...any) {
 	l.log.Debug(fmt.Sprint(args...))
 }
 
-func (l *ipfsLogger) Debugf(format string, args ...interface{}) {
+func (l *ipfsLogger) Debugf(format string, args ...any) {
 	l.log.Debug(fmt.Sprintf(format, args...))
 }
 
-func (l *ipfsLogger) Error(args ...interface{}) {
+func (l *ipfsLogger) Error(args ...any) {
 	l.log.Error(fmt.Sprint(args...))
 }
 
-func (l *ipfsLogger) Errorf(format string, args ...interface{}) {
+func (l *ipfsLogger) Errorf(format string, args ...any) {
 	l.log.Error(fmt.Sprintf(format, args...))
 }
 
-func (l *ipfsLogger) Fatal(args ...interface{}) {
+func (l *ipfsLogger) Fatal(args ...any) {
 	l.log.Error(fmt.Sprint(args...))
 	os.Exit(1)
 }
 
-func (l *ipfsLogger) Fatalf(format string, args ...interface{}) {
+func (l *ipfsLogger) Fatalf(format string, args ...any) {
 	l.log.Error(fmt.Sprintf(format, args...))
 	os.Exit(1)
 }
 
-func (l *ipfsLogger) Info(args ...interface{}) {
+func (l *ipfsLogger) Info(args ...any) {
 	l.log.Info(fmt.Sprint(args...))
 }
 
-func (l *ipfsLogger) Infof(format string, args ...interface{}) {
+func (l *ipfsLogger) Infof(format string, args ...any) {
 	l.log.Info(fmt.Sprintf(format, args...))
 }
 
-func (l *ipfsLogger) Panic(args ...interface{}) {
+func (l *ipfsLogger) Panic(args ...any) {
 	msg := fmt.Sprint(args...)
 	l.log.Error(msg)
 	panic(msg)
 }
 
-func (l *ipfsLogger) Panicf(format string, args ...interface{}) {
+func (l *ipfsLogger) Panicf(format string, args ...any) {
 	msg := fmt.Sprintf(format, args...)
 	l.log.Error(msg)
 	panic(msg)
 }
 
-func (l *ipfsLogger) Warn(args ...interface{}) {
+func (l *ipfsLogger) Warn(args ...any) {
 	l.log.Warn(fmt.Sprint(args...))
 }
 
-func (l *ipfsLogger) Warnf(format string, args ...interface{}) {
+func (l *ipfsLogger) Warnf(format string, args ...any) {
 	l.log.Warn(fmt.Sprintf(format, args...))
 }
 

go.mod

@@ -1,25 +1,30 @@
 module github.com/psviderski/uncloud
 
-go 1.23.0
+go 1.26
 
 require (
-	github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.4.0
+	charm.land/bubbles/v2 v2.0.0
+	charm.land/bubbletea/v2 v2.0.2
+	charm.land/huh/v2 v2.0.1
+	charm.land/lipgloss/v2 v2.0.1
+	github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.5.0
 	github.com/Masterminds/semver v1.5.0
 	github.com/Masterminds/squirrel v1.5.4
 	github.com/alecthomas/chroma/v2 v2.20.0
 	github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2 v2.8.4
 	github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4 v4.3.0
-	github.com/charmbracelet/huh v0.6.0
-	github.com/charmbracelet/lipgloss v0.13.0
-	github.com/compose-spec/compose-go/v2 v2.4.5
+	github.com/charmbracelet/colorprofile v0.4.2
+	github.com/compose-spec/compose-go/v2 v2.9.0
+	github.com/containerd/errdefs v1.0.0
+	github.com/containerd/platforms v1.0.0-rc.1
 	github.com/coreos/go-systemd v0.0.0-20191104093116-d3cd4ed1dbcf
 	github.com/deckarep/golang-set/v2 v2.8.0
 	github.com/dgraph-io/badger/v3 v3.2103.5
 	github.com/distribution/reference v0.6.0
-	github.com/docker/cli v27.5.0+incompatible
-	github.com/docker/compose/v2 v2.31.0
-	github.com/docker/docker v27.4.0-rc.2+incompatible
-	github.com/docker/go-connections v0.5.0
+	github.com/docker/cli v28.5.0+incompatible
+	github.com/docker/compose/v2 v2.40.0
+	github.com/docker/docker v28.5.0+incompatible
+	github.com/docker/go-connections v0.6.0
 	github.com/docker/go-units v0.5.0
 	github.com/goccy/go-yaml v1.17.1
 	github.com/google/go-cmp v0.7.0
@@ -37,116 +42,157 @@ require (
 	github.com/lmittmann/tint v1.0.5
 	github.com/miekg/dns v1.1.65
 	github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure v1.5.0
-	github.com/moby/term v0.5.0
+	github.com/moby/term v0.5.2
 	github.com/opencontainers/go-digest v1.0.0
-	github.com/opencontainers/image-spec v1.1.0
+	github.com/opencontainers/image-spec v1.1.1
+	github.com/psviderski/unregistry v0.4.1
 	github.com/siderolabs/discovery-api v0.1.4
 	github.com/siderolabs/discovery-client v0.1.9
 	github.com/siderolabs/grpc-proxy v0.5.1
-	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.8.1
-	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.10.0
-	github.com/vishvananda/netlink v1.3.0
+	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.10.1
+	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.11.1
+	github.com/vishvananda/netlink v1.3.1
 	go.uber.org/zap v1.27.0
 	go4.org/netipx v0.0.0-20231129151722-fdeea329fbba
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.33.0
-	golang.org/x/net v0.35.0
-	golang.org/x/sync v0.11.0
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.31.0
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.41.0
+	golang.org/x/net v0.43.0
+	golang.org/x/sync v0.19.0
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.42.0
+	golang.org/x/term v0.34.0
 	golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard v0.0.0-20231211153847-12269c276173
 	golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl v0.0.0-20230429144221-925a1e7659e6
-	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20241209162323-e6fa225c2576
-	google.golang.org/grpc v1.68.1
-	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.3
+	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20250528174236-200df99c418a
+	google.golang.org/grpc v1.74.2
+	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.9
 	modernc.org/sqlite v1.36.3
+	tags.cncf.io/container-device-interface v1.0.1
 )
 
 require (
+	cloud.google.com/go/kms v1.19.0 // indirect
+	cloud.google.com/go/longrunning v0.6.0 // indirect
 	filippo.io/edwards25519 v1.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/AdaLogics/go-fuzz-headers v0.0.0-20230811130428-ced1acdcaa24 // indirect
+	github.com/AlecAivazis/survey/v2 v2.3.7 // indirect
 	github.com/AndreasBriese/bbloom v0.0.0-20190825152654-46b345b51c96 // indirect
-	github.com/Azure/go-ansiterm v0.0.0-20210617225240-d185dfc1b5a1 // indirect
+	github.com/Azure/go-ansiterm v0.0.0-20250102033503-faa5f7b0171c // indirect
+	github.com/DefangLabs/secret-detector v0.0.0-20250403165618-22662109213e // indirect
 	github.com/Masterminds/goutils v1.1.1 // indirect
-	github.com/Masterminds/semver/v3 v3.2.1 // indirect
+	github.com/Masterminds/semver/v3 v3.4.0 // indirect
 	github.com/Masterminds/sprig/v3 v3.2.3 // indirect
 	github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.2 // indirect
-	github.com/OneOfOne/xxhash v1.2.8 // indirect
+	github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim v0.13.0 // indirect
+	github.com/acarl005/stripansi v0.0.0-20180116102854-5a71ef0e047d // indirect
 	github.com/antlr4-go/antlr/v4 v4.13.0 // indirect
+	github.com/apparentlymart/go-textseg/v15 v15.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/armon/circbuf v0.0.0-20190214190532-5111143e8da2 // indirect
 	github.com/armon/go-metrics v0.4.1 // indirect
 	github.com/armon/go-radix v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/aryann/difflib v0.0.0-20210328193216-ff5ff6dc229b // indirect
 	github.com/atotto/clipboard v0.1.4 // indirect
-	github.com/aymanbagabas/go-osc52/v2 v2.0.1 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2 v1.30.3 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/config v1.27.27 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/credentials v1.17.27 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/feature/ec2/imds v1.16.11 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/configsources v1.3.15 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/endpoints/v2 v2.6.15 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/ini v1.8.0 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/accept-encoding v1.11.3 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/presigned-url v1.11.17 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/sso v1.22.4 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/ssooidc v1.26.4 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/sts v1.30.3 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/smithy-go v1.20.3 // indirect
 	github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/bgentry/speakeasy v0.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/buger/goterm v1.0.4 // indirect
 	github.com/caddyserver/certmagic v0.21.4 // indirect
 	github.com/caddyserver/zerossl v0.1.3 // indirect
-	github.com/catppuccin/go v0.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/catppuccin/go v0.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/cespare/xxhash v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 // indirect
-	github.com/charmbracelet/bubbles v0.20.0 // indirect
-	github.com/charmbracelet/bubbletea v1.1.1 // indirect
-	github.com/charmbracelet/x/ansi v0.3.2 // indirect
+	github.com/charmbracelet/ultraviolet v0.0.0-20260205113103-524a6607adb8 // indirect
+	github.com/charmbracelet/x/ansi v0.11.6 // indirect
+	github.com/charmbracelet/x/exp/ordered v0.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/charmbracelet/x/exp/strings v0.0.0-20240919170804-a4978c8e603a // indirect
-	github.com/charmbracelet/x/term v0.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/charmbracelet/x/term v0.2.2 // indirect
+	github.com/charmbracelet/x/termios v0.1.1 // indirect
+	github.com/charmbracelet/x/windows v0.2.2 // indirect
 	github.com/chzyer/readline v1.5.1 // indirect
-	github.com/cloudflare/cfssl v1.6.4 // indirect
-	github.com/containerd/console v1.0.4 // indirect
-	github.com/containerd/containerd v1.7.24 // indirect
-	github.com/containerd/containerd/api v1.7.19 // indirect
-	github.com/containerd/continuity v0.4.4 // indirect
-	github.com/containerd/errdefs v0.3.0 // indirect
+	github.com/clipperhouse/displaywidth v0.11.0 // indirect
+	github.com/clipperhouse/uax29/v2 v2.7.0 // indirect
+	github.com/containerd/cgroups/v3 v3.0.5 // indirect
+	github.com/containerd/console v1.0.5 // indirect
+	github.com/containerd/containerd/api v1.9.0 // indirect
+	github.com/containerd/containerd/v2 v2.1.4 // indirect
+	github.com/containerd/continuity v0.4.5 // indirect
+	github.com/containerd/errdefs/pkg v0.3.0 // indirect
+	github.com/containerd/fifo v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/containerd/log v0.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/containerd/platforms v0.2.1 // indirect
+	github.com/containerd/plugin v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/containerd/stargz-snapshotter/estargz v0.16.3 // indirect
-	github.com/containerd/ttrpc v1.2.5 // indirect
-	github.com/containerd/typeurl/v2 v2.2.0 // indirect
-	github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2 v2.0.6 // indirect
-	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 // indirect
+	github.com/containerd/ttrpc v1.2.7 // indirect
+	github.com/containerd/typeurl/v2 v2.2.3 // indirect
+	github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2 v2.0.7 // indirect
+	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.2-0.20180830191138-d8f796af33cc // indirect
 	github.com/decred/dcrd/dcrec/secp256k1/v4 v4.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/dgraph-io/badger v1.6.2 // indirect
 	github.com/dgraph-io/badger/v2 v2.2007.4 // indirect
 	github.com/dgraph-io/ristretto v0.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/dgryski/go-farm v0.0.0-20200201041132-a6ae2369ad13 // indirect
+	github.com/dgryski/go-rendezvous v0.0.0-20200823014737-9f7001d12a5f // indirect
+	github.com/distribution/distribution/v3 v3.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/dlclark/regexp2 v1.11.5 // indirect
-	github.com/docker/buildx v0.18.0 // indirect
+	github.com/docker/buildx v0.29.1 // indirect
+	github.com/docker/cli-docs-tool v0.10.0 // indirect
 	github.com/docker/distribution v2.8.3+incompatible // indirect
-	github.com/docker/docker-credential-helpers v0.8.2 // indirect
+	github.com/docker/docker-credential-helpers v0.9.3 // indirect
 	github.com/docker/go v1.5.1-1.0.20160303222718-d30aec9fd63c // indirect
 	github.com/docker/go-events v0.0.0-20190806004212-e31b211e4f1c // indirect
 	github.com/docker/go-metrics v0.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.1 // indirect
-	github.com/erikgeiser/coninput v0.0.0-20211004153227-1c3628e74d0f // indirect
-	github.com/fatih/color v1.17.0 // indirect
+	github.com/eiannone/keyboard v0.0.0-20220611211555-0d226195f203 // indirect
+	github.com/emicklei/go-restful/v3 v3.11.0 // indirect
+	github.com/fatih/color v1.18.0 // indirect
 	github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.0.4 // indirect
+	github.com/fsnotify/fsevents v0.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/fvbommel/sortorder v1.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2 v2.7.0 // indirect
 	github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v3 v3.0.3 // indirect
 	github.com/go-kit/kit v0.13.0 // indirect
 	github.com/go-kit/log v0.2.1 // indirect
 	github.com/go-logfmt/logfmt v0.6.0 // indirect
-	github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.2 // indirect
+	github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.3 // indirect
 	github.com/go-logr/stdr v1.2.2 // indirect
+	github.com/go-openapi/jsonpointer v0.21.0 // indirect
+	github.com/go-openapi/jsonreference v0.20.2 // indirect
+	github.com/go-openapi/swag v0.23.0 // indirect
 	github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql v1.8.1 // indirect
 	github.com/go-task/slim-sprig/v3 v3.0.0 // indirect
-	github.com/go-viper/mapstructure/v2 v2.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/go-viper/mapstructure/v2 v2.4.0 // indirect
 	github.com/godbus/dbus/v5 v5.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/gofrs/flock v0.12.1 // indirect
 	github.com/gogo/protobuf v1.3.2 // indirect
-	github.com/golang/glog v1.2.2 // indirect
+	github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v5 v5.2.2 // indirect
+	github.com/golang/glog v1.2.5 // indirect
 	github.com/golang/groupcache v0.0.0-20210331224755-41bb18bfe9da // indirect
 	github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.4 // indirect
 	github.com/golang/snappy v0.0.4 // indirect
 	github.com/google/btree v1.1.2 // indirect
 	github.com/google/cel-go v0.20.1 // indirect
 	github.com/google/flatbuffers v24.3.25+incompatible // indirect
-	github.com/google/pprof v0.0.0-20250317173921-a4b03ec1a45e // indirect
+	github.com/google/gnostic-models v0.6.8 // indirect
+	github.com/google/gofuzz v1.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/google/pprof v0.0.0-20250403155104-27863c87afa6 // indirect
 	github.com/google/shlex v0.0.0-20191202100458-e7afc7fbc510 // indirect
 	github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0 // indirect
+	github.com/gorilla/handlers v1.5.2 // indirect
 	github.com/gorilla/mux v1.8.1 // indirect
-	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.24.0 // indirect
+	github.com/gorilla/websocket v1.5.3 // indirect
+	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.26.1 // indirect
 	github.com/hashicorp/errwrap v1.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/hashicorp/go-cleanhttp v0.5.2 // indirect
 	github.com/hashicorp/go-immutable-radix v1.3.1 // indirect
+	github.com/hashicorp/go-immutable-radix/v2 v2.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/hashicorp/go-msgpack v0.5.5 // indirect
 	github.com/hashicorp/go-msgpack/v2 v2.1.2 // indirect
 	github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror v1.1.1 // indirect
@@ -154,13 +200,15 @@ require (
 	github.com/hashicorp/go-syslog v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/hashicorp/go-version v1.7.0 // indirect
 	github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru v1.0.2 // indirect
+	github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru/arc/v2 v2.0.7 // indirect
 	github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru/v2 v2.0.7 // indirect
 	github.com/hashicorp/logutils v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/hashicorp/mdns v1.0.5 // indirect
 	github.com/huandu/xstrings v1.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/imdario/mergo v0.3.16 // indirect
-	github.com/in-toto/in-toto-golang v0.5.0 // indirect
+	github.com/in-toto/in-toto-golang v0.9.0 // indirect
 	github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/inhies/go-bytesize v0.0.0-20220417184213-4913239db9cf // indirect
 	github.com/ipfs/bbloom v0.0.4 // indirect
 	github.com/ipfs/go-block-format v0.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/ipfs/go-ipfs-util v0.0.3 // indirect
@@ -178,8 +226,12 @@ require (
 	github.com/jackc/pgtype v1.14.0 // indirect
 	github.com/jackc/pgx/v4 v4.18.3 // indirect
 	github.com/jbenet/goprocess v0.1.4 // indirect
+	github.com/jonboulle/clockwork v0.5.0 // indirect
+	github.com/josharian/intern v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/josharian/native v1.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.17.11 // indirect
+	github.com/json-iterator/go v1.1.12 // indirect
+	github.com/kballard/go-shellquote v0.0.0-20180428030007-95032a82bc51 // indirect
+	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.18.0 // indirect
 	github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.2.9 // indirect
 	github.com/lann/builder v0.0.0-20180802200727-47ae307949d0 // indirect
 	github.com/lann/ps v0.0.0-20150810152359-62de8c46ede0 // indirect
@@ -188,12 +240,12 @@ require (
 	github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p v0.35.4 // indirect
 	github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p-pubsub v0.11.0 // indirect
 	github.com/libp2p/go-msgio v0.3.0 // indirect
-	github.com/lucasb-eyer/go-colorful v1.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/lucasb-eyer/go-colorful v1.3.0 // indirect
+	github.com/mailru/easyjson v0.7.7 // indirect
 	github.com/manifoldco/promptui v0.9.0 // indirect
 	github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.13 // indirect
 	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20 // indirect
-	github.com/mattn/go-localereader v0.0.1 // indirect
-	github.com/mattn/go-runewidth v0.0.16 // indirect
+	github.com/mattn/go-runewidth v0.0.20 // indirect
 	github.com/mattn/go-shellwords v1.0.12 // indirect
 	github.com/mdlayher/genetlink v1.3.2 // indirect
 	github.com/mdlayher/netlink v1.7.2 // indirect
@@ -208,19 +260,25 @@ require (
 	github.com/mitchellh/go-ps v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/mitchellh/hashstructure/v2 v2.0.2 // indirect
 	github.com/mitchellh/reflectwalk v1.0.2 // indirect
-	github.com/moby/buildkit v0.17.2 // indirect
+	github.com/moby/buildkit v0.25.0 // indirect
 	github.com/moby/docker-image-spec v1.3.1 // indirect
+	github.com/moby/go-archive v0.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/moby/locker v1.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/moby/patternmatcher v0.6.0 // indirect
+	github.com/moby/spdystream v0.5.0 // indirect
+	github.com/moby/sys/atomicwriter v0.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/moby/sys/capability v0.4.0 // indirect
+	github.com/moby/sys/mountinfo v0.7.2 // indirect
 	github.com/moby/sys/sequential v0.6.0 // indirect
 	github.com/moby/sys/signal v0.7.1 // indirect
-	github.com/moby/sys/user v0.3.0 // indirect
+	github.com/moby/sys/symlink v0.3.0 // indirect
+	github.com/moby/sys/user v0.4.0 // indirect
 	github.com/moby/sys/userns v0.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/modern-go/concurrent v0.0.0-20180306012644-bacd9c7ef1dd // indirect
+	github.com/modern-go/reflect2 v1.0.2 // indirect
 	github.com/morikuni/aec v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/mr-tron/base58 v1.2.0 // indirect
-	github.com/muesli/ansi v0.0.0-20230316100256-276c6243b2f6 // indirect
 	github.com/muesli/cancelreader v0.2.2 // indirect
-	github.com/muesli/termenv v0.15.3-0.20240618155329-98d742f6907a // indirect
 	github.com/multiformats/go-base32 v0.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/multiformats/go-base36 v0.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/multiformats/go-multiaddr v0.13.0 // indirect
@@ -231,94 +289,130 @@ require (
 	github.com/multiformats/go-multistream v0.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/multiformats/go-varint v0.0.7 // indirect
 	github.com/munnerz/goautoneg v0.0.0-20191010083416-a7dc8b61c822 // indirect
+	github.com/mxk/go-flowrate v0.0.0-20140419014527-cca7078d478f // indirect
 	github.com/ncruces/go-strftime v0.1.9 // indirect
 	github.com/onsi/ginkgo/v2 v2.22.0 // indirect
+	github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec v1.2.1 // indirect
+	github.com/opencontainers/selinux v1.12.0 // indirect
 	github.com/pelletier/go-toml v1.9.5 // indirect
 	github.com/pires/go-proxyproto v0.7.0 // indirect
 	github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 // indirect
 	github.com/planetscale/vtprotobuf v0.6.1-0.20240319094008-0393e58bdf10 // indirect
-	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.1-0.20181226105442-5d4384ee4fb2 // indirect
 	github.com/polydawn/refmt v0.89.0 // indirect
 	github.com/posener/complete v1.2.3 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.20.5 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.22.0 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.1 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/common v0.61.0 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/common v0.62.0 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.15.1 // indirect
 	github.com/quic-go/qpack v0.5.1 // indirect
 	github.com/quic-go/quic-go v0.48.2 // indirect
+	github.com/redis/go-redis/extra/rediscmd/v9 v9.0.5 // indirect
+	github.com/redis/go-redis/extra/redisotel/v9 v9.0.5 // indirect
+	github.com/redis/go-redis/v9 v9.7.3 // indirect
 	github.com/remyoudompheng/bigfft v0.0.0-20230129092748-24d4a6f8daec // indirect
 	github.com/rivo/uniseg v0.4.7 // indirect
 	github.com/rs/xid v1.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/russross/blackfriday/v2 v2.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/santhosh-tekuri/jsonschema/v6 v6.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/sean-/seed v0.0.0-20170313163322-e2103e2c3529 // indirect
-	github.com/secure-systems-lab/go-securesystemslib v0.4.0 // indirect
+	github.com/secure-systems-lab/go-securesystemslib v0.6.0 // indirect
+	github.com/serialx/hashring v0.0.0-20200727003509-22c0c7ab6b1b // indirect
 	github.com/shibumi/go-pathspec v1.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/shopspring/decimal v1.4.0 // indirect
 	github.com/shurcooL/sanitized_anchor_name v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/siderolabs/gen v0.4.8 // indirect
 	github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.9.3 // indirect
+	github.com/skratchdot/open-golang v0.0.0-20200116055534-eef842397966 // indirect
 	github.com/slackhq/nebula v1.6.1 // indirect
 	github.com/smallstep/certificates v0.26.1 // indirect
 	github.com/smallstep/nosql v0.6.1 // indirect
-	github.com/smallstep/pkcs7 v0.0.0-20231024181729-3b98ecc1ca81 // indirect
+	github.com/smallstep/pkcs7 v0.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/smallstep/scep v0.0.0-20231024192529-aee96d7ad34d // indirect
 	github.com/smallstep/truststore v0.13.0 // indirect
 	github.com/spaolacci/murmur3 v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/spf13/cast v1.7.0 // indirect
-	github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.5 // indirect
+	github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.10 // indirect
 	github.com/stoewer/go-strcase v1.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/stretchr/objx v0.5.2 // indirect
 	github.com/tailscale/tscert v0.0.0-20240517230440-bbccfbf48933 // indirect
 	github.com/theupdateframework/notary v0.7.0 // indirect
-	github.com/tonistiigi/dchapes-mode v0.0.0-20241001053921-ca0759fec205 // indirect
-	github.com/tonistiigi/fsutil v0.0.0-20241028165955-397af5306b5c // indirect
-	github.com/tonistiigi/go-csvvalue v0.0.0-20240710180619-ddb21b71c0b4 // indirect
+	github.com/tilt-dev/fsnotify v1.4.8-0.20220602155310-fff9c274a375 // indirect
+	github.com/tonistiigi/dchapes-mode v0.0.0-20250318174251-73d941a28323 // indirect
+	github.com/tonistiigi/fsutil v0.0.0-20250605211040-586307ad452f // indirect
+	github.com/tonistiigi/go-csvvalue v0.0.0-20240814133006-030d3b2625d0 // indirect
 	github.com/tonistiigi/units v0.0.0-20180711220420-6950e57a87ea // indirect
 	github.com/tonistiigi/vt100 v0.0.0-20240514184818-90bafcd6abab // indirect
-	github.com/urfave/cli v1.22.16 // indirect
-	github.com/vbatts/tar-split v0.11.6 // indirect
-	github.com/vishvananda/netns v0.0.4 // indirect
-	github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonpointer v0.0.0-20190905194746-02993c407bfb // indirect
-	github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonreference v0.0.0-20180127040603-bd5ef7bd5415 // indirect
-	github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonschema v1.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/urfave/cli v1.22.17 // indirect
+	github.com/vbatts/tar-split v0.12.1 // indirect
+	github.com/vishvananda/netns v0.0.5 // indirect
+	github.com/x448/float16 v0.8.4 // indirect
+	github.com/xhit/go-str2duration/v2 v2.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/xo/terminfo v0.0.0-20220910002029-abceb7e1c41e // indirect
+	github.com/zclconf/go-cty v1.17.0 // indirect
 	github.com/zeebo/blake3 v0.2.4 // indirect
-	go.etcd.io/bbolt v1.3.11 // indirect
+	go.etcd.io/bbolt v1.4.3 // indirect
 	go.opencensus.io v0.24.0 // indirect
 	go.opentelemetry.io/auto/sdk v1.1.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/google.golang.org/grpc/otelgrpc v0.49.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/httptrace/otelhttptrace v0.46.1 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.58.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.33.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlpmetric/otlpmetricgrpc v0.44.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace v1.33.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc v1.27.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.33.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.33.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric v1.32.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.33.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v1.4.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/bridges/prometheus v0.57.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/exporters/autoexport v0.57.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/google.golang.org/grpc/otelgrpc v0.60.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/httptrace/otelhttptrace v0.60.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.60.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.36.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlplog/otlploggrpc v0.8.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlplog/otlploghttp v0.8.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlpmetric/otlpmetricgrpc v1.35.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlpmetric/otlpmetrichttp v1.35.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace v1.35.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc v1.35.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracehttp v1.35.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/prometheus v0.54.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdoutlog v0.8.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdoutmetric v1.32.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdouttrace v1.32.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/log v0.8.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.36.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.36.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/log v0.8.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric v1.36.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.36.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v1.5.0 // indirect
 	go.step.sm/cli-utils v0.9.0 // indirect
 	go.step.sm/crypto v0.45.0 // indirect
 	go.step.sm/linkedca v0.20.1 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/automaxprocs v1.5.3 // indirect
-	go.uber.org/mock v0.5.0 // indirect
+	go.uber.org/mock v0.6.0 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/multierr v1.11.0 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/zap/exp v0.2.0 // indirect
+	go.yaml.in/yaml/v3 v3.0.4 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/crypto/x509roots/fallback v0.0.0-20240507223354-67b13616a595 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20241215155358-4a5509556b9e // indirect
-	golang.org/x/mod v0.23.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/term v0.29.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/text v0.22.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/time v0.8.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/tools v0.30.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20250408133849-7e4ce0ab07d0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/mod v0.27.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.30.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/text v0.28.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/time v0.11.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/tools v0.36.0 // indirect
 	golang.zx2c4.com/wintun v0.0.0-20230126152724-0fa3db229ce2 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20240401170217-c3f982113cda // indirect
-	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20241209162323-e6fa225c2576 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20250528174236-200df99c418a // indirect
+	gopkg.in/evanphx/json-patch.v4 v4.12.0 // indirect
+	gopkg.in/inf.v0 v0.9.1 // indirect
+	gopkg.in/ini.v1 v1.67.0 // indirect
+	gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
 	gvisor.dev/gvisor v0.0.0-20230927004350-cbd86285d259 // indirect
 	howett.net/plist v1.0.0 // indirect
+	k8s.io/api v0.32.3 // indirect
+	k8s.io/apimachinery v0.32.3 // indirect
+	k8s.io/client-go v0.32.3 // indirect
+	k8s.io/klog/v2 v2.130.1 // indirect
+	k8s.io/kube-openapi v0.0.0-20241105132330-32ad38e42d3f // indirect
+	k8s.io/utils v0.0.0-20241104100929-3ea5e8cea738 // indirect
 	lukechampine.com/blake3 v1.3.0 // indirect
 	modernc.org/libc v1.61.13 // indirect
 	modernc.org/mathutil v1.7.1 // indirect
 	modernc.org/memory v1.8.2 // indirect
+	sigs.k8s.io/json v0.0.0-20241010143419-9aa6b5e7a4b3 // indirect
+	sigs.k8s.io/structured-merge-diff/v4 v4.4.2 // indirect
+	sigs.k8s.io/yaml v1.4.0 // indirect
 )

internal/cli/build.go

@@ -2,175 +2,198 @@ package cli
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"encoding/base64"
-	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"os"
+	"strings"
 
+	"charm.land/lipgloss/v2"
 	composetypes "github.com/compose-spec/compose-go/v2/types"
-	"github.com/distribution/reference"
-	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/config"
-	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types"
-	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/image"
-	dockerclient "github.com/docker/docker/client"
-	"github.com/docker/docker/pkg/archive"
-	"github.com/docker/docker/pkg/jsonmessage"
-	"github.com/docker/docker/registry"
-	"github.com/moby/term"
+	mapset "github.com/deckarep/golang-set/v2"
+	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/command"
+	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/flags"
+	composeapi "github.com/docker/compose/v2/pkg/api"
+	composev2 "github.com/docker/compose/v2/pkg/compose"
+	"github.com/docker/compose/v2/pkg/progress"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/client"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/client/compose"
 )
 
-type BuildOptions struct {
-	Files    []string
-	Profiles []string
-	Services []string
-	Push     bool
+// BuildServicesOptions contains options for building services in a Compose project.
+type BuildServicesOptions struct {
+	// BuildArgs sets build-time variables for services. Used in Dockerfiles that declare variables with ARG.
+	BuildArgs []string
+	// Check the build configuration for services without building them.
+	Check bool
+	// Deps enables to also build services declared as dependencies of the selected Services.
+	Deps bool
+	// NoCache disables the use of cache when building images.
 	NoCache bool
+	// Pull attempts to pull newer versions of the base images before building.
+	Pull bool
+	// Services specifies which services to build. If empty, all services with a build config are built.
+	Services []string
+
+	// Push targets are mutually exclusive.
+	// PushCluster uploads the built images to cluster machines after building.
+	PushCluster bool
+	// PushRegistry uploads the built images to external registries after building.
+	PushRegistry bool
+
+	// Cluster-specific options (only used if PushCluster is true).
+	// Machines is a list of machine names or IDs to push the image to. If empty, images are pushed to all machines.
+	Machines []string
 }
 
-// GetServicesThatNeedBuild returns a map of services that require building
-func GetServicesThatNeedBuild(project *composetypes.Project) map[string]composetypes.ServiceConfig {
-	servicesToBuild := make(map[string]composetypes.ServiceConfig, len(project.Services))
-	for serviceName, service := range project.Services {
-		if service.Build == nil {
+// BuildServices builds images for services in the Compose project.
+func (cli *CLI) BuildServices(ctx context.Context, project *composetypes.Project, opts BuildServicesOptions) error {
+	// Validate push targets.
+	if opts.PushCluster && opts.PushRegistry {
+		return fmt.Errorf("cannot specify both PushCluster and PushRegistry: choose one push target")
+	}
+
+	// Build service images using Compose implementation.
+	dockerCli, err := command.NewDockerCli()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("create docker client: %w", err)
+	}
+	// Initialise the Docker CLI with default options.
+	if err = dockerCli.Initialize(flags.NewClientOptions()); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("initialise docker client: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	composeService := composev2.NewComposeService(dockerCli)
+	buildOpts := composeapi.BuildOptions{
+		Args:     composetypes.NewMappingWithEquals(opts.BuildArgs),
+		Check:    opts.Check,
+		Deps:     opts.Deps,
+		NoCache:  opts.NoCache,
+		Pull:     opts.Pull,
+		Push:     opts.PushRegistry,
+		Services: opts.Services,
+	}
+
+	if err = composeService.Build(ctx, project, buildOpts); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if !opts.PushCluster {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// Push built service images to cluster machines.
+	builtServices, err := ServicesThatNeedBuild(project, opts.Services, opts.Deps)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("determine built services: %w", err)
+	}
+	if len(builtServices) == 0 {
+		// No services were built, nothing to push.
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// Add a line break after the build output.
+	fmt.Fprintln(cli.ProgressOut())
+
+	clusterClient, err := cli.ConnectCluster(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("connect to cluster: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer clusterClient.Close()
+
+	// Push one service image at a time.
+	var errs []error
+	for _, s := range builtServices {
+		if s.Image == "" {
+			// Skip services without an image name (shouldn't happen for services with build config).
 			continue
 		}
-		servicesToBuild[serviceName] = service
-	}
-	return servicesToBuild
-}
 
-// BuildServices builds the services defined in the provided map.
-func BuildServices(ctx context.Context, servicesToBuild map[string]composetypes.ServiceConfig, opts BuildOptions) error {
-	fmt.Println("Building services...")
+		// Push to the specified machines falling back to service x-machines.
+		// If none specified, push to *all* cluster machines.
+		var pushOpts client.PushImageOptions
 
-	// Init docker client (can be local or remote, depending on DOCKER_HOST environment variable)
-	dockerCli, err := dockerclient.NewClientWithOpts(dockerclient.FromEnv, dockerclient.WithAPIVersionNegotiation())
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	defer dockerCli.Close()
-
-	serviceImages := make(map[string]string, len(servicesToBuild))
-
-	// Build the services using the local docker client and compose libraries
-	for _, service := range servicesToBuild {
-		fmt.Printf("Building service: %s\n", service.Name)
-		imageName, err := buildSingleService(ctx, dockerCli, service, opts)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("build service %s: %w", service.Name, err)
-		}
-		serviceImages[service.Name] = imageName
-	}
-	fmt.Printf("Service images are built.\n")
-
-	if opts.Push {
-		err = pushServiceImages(ctx, dockerCli, serviceImages)
+		if len(opts.Machines) > 0 {
+			pushOpts.Machines = opts.Machines
+		} else if machines, ok := s.Extensions[compose.MachinesExtensionKey].(compose.MachinesSource); ok {
+			pushOpts.Machines = machines
 		}
 
-	return err
-}
-
-// buildSingleService builds a single service using the Docker client and Compose libraries.
-func buildSingleService(ctx context.Context, dockerCli *dockerclient.Client, service composetypes.ServiceConfig, opts BuildOptions) (string, error) {
-	if service.Build == nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("service %s has no build configuration", service.Name)
-	}
-	if service.Image == "" {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("service %s has no image specified; building services without image is not supported yet", service.Name)
+		if len(pushOpts.Machines) == 0 {
+			pushOpts.AllMachines = true
 		}
 
-	buildContextPath := service.Build.Context
-	imageName := service.Image
-
-	// Create a tar archive of the build context
-	buildContext, err := archive.TarWithOptions(buildContextPath, &archive.TarOptions{})
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to create build context for service %s: %w", service.Name, err)
-	}
-
-	buildOptions := types.ImageBuildOptions{
-		// TODO: Support Dockerfiles outside the build context
-		// See https://github.com/docker/compose/blob/cf89fd1aa1328d5af77658ccc5a1e1b29981ae80/pkg/compose/build_classic.go#L92
-		Dockerfile: service.Build.Dockerfile,
-		Tags:       []string{imageName},
-		Remove:     true, // Remove intermediate containers
-		NoCache:    opts.NoCache,
-	}
-
-	buildResponse, err := dockerCli.ImageBuild(ctx, buildContext, buildOptions)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to build image for service %s: %w", service.Name, err)
-	}
-	defer buildResponse.Body.Close()
-
-	// Display the build response
-	fd, isTerminal := term.GetFdInfo(os.Stdout)
-	if err := jsonmessage.DisplayJSONMessagesStream(buildResponse.Body, os.Stdout, fd, isTerminal, nil); err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to display build response for service %s: %w", service.Name, err)
-	}
-
-	return imageName, nil
-}
-
-// pushSingleServiceImage pushes a single service image.
-func pushSingleServiceImage(ctx context.Context, dockerCli *dockerclient.Client, serviceName string, imageName string) error {
-	ref, err := reference.ParseNormalizedNamed(imageName)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	repoInfo, err := registry.ParseRepositoryInfo(ref)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	registryKey := repoInfo.Index.Name
-	if repoInfo.Index.Official {
-		registryKey = registry.IndexServer
-	}
-
-	// Load the Docker config file with auth details, if available
-	configFile := config.LoadDefaultConfigFile(os.Stderr)
-
-	authConfig, err := configFile.GetAuthConfig(registryKey)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	authJSON, err := json.Marshal(authConfig)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to marshal auth config for registry %s: %w", registryKey, err)
-	}
-
-	authStr := base64.URLEncoding.EncodeToString(authJSON)
-
-	pushOptions := image.PushOptions{
-		RegistryAuth: authStr,
-	}
-	pushResponse, err := dockerCli.ImagePush(ctx, imageName, pushOptions)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to push image %s: %w", imageName, err)
-	}
-	defer pushResponse.Close()
-
-	fmt.Printf("Pushing image %s for service %s...\n", imageName, serviceName)
-
-	fd, isTerminal := term.GetFdInfo(os.Stdout)
-	if err := jsonmessage.DisplayJSONMessagesStream(pushResponse, os.Stdout, fd, isTerminal, nil); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to display push response for image %s: %w", imageName, err)
-	}
-
-	fmt.Printf("Image %s pushed successfully.\n", imageName)
-	return nil
-}
-
-// pushServiceImages pushes all built service images to the registry.
-func pushServiceImages(ctx context.Context, dockerCli *dockerclient.Client, serviceImages map[string]string) error {
-	fmt.Printf("Pushing images...\n")
-	for serviceName, imageName := range serviceImages {
-		if err := pushSingleServiceImage(ctx, dockerCli, serviceName, imageName); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("push image for service %s: %w", serviceName, err)
-		}
+		boldStyle := lipgloss.NewStyle().Bold(true)
+		err = progress.RunWithTitle(ctx, func(ctx context.Context) error {
+			if err = clusterClient.PushImage(ctx, s.Image, pushOpts); err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("push image '%s' for service '%s': %w", s.Image, s.Name, err)
 			}
 			return nil
+		}, cli.ProgressOut(), fmt.Sprintf("Pushing image %s to cluster", boldStyle.Render(s.Image)))
+		// Collect errors to try pushing all images.
+		if err != nil {
+			errs = append(errs, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return errors.Join(errs...)
+}
+
+// ServicesThatNeedBuild returns a list of services that require building.
+// deps indicates whether to include services that are dependencies of the selected services.
+// Implementation is based on the logic from docker/compose/v2/pkg/compose/build.go.
+func ServicesThatNeedBuild(
+	project *composetypes.Project, selectedServices []string, deps bool,
+) ([]composetypes.ServiceConfig, error) {
+	servicesToBuild := make([]composetypes.ServiceConfig, 0, len(project.Services))
+
+	var policy composetypes.DependencyOption = composetypes.IgnoreDependencies
+	if deps {
+		policy = composetypes.IncludeDependencies
+	}
+
+	// Also include services used as build.additional_contexts with service: prefix.
+	selectedServices = includeAdditionalContextsServices(project, selectedServices)
+	// Some build dependencies we just introduced may not be enabled, enable them.
+	var err error
+	if project, err = project.WithServicesEnabled(selectedServices...); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if project, err = project.WithSelectedServices(selectedServices); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	err = project.ForEachService(selectedServices, func(serviceName string, service *composetypes.ServiceConfig) error {
+		if service.Build != nil {
+			servicesToBuild = append(servicesToBuild, *service)
+		}
+		return nil
+	}, policy)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return servicesToBuild, nil
+}
+
+// includeAdditionalContextsServices adds services referenced in build.additional_contexts to the list
+// of selected services.
+func includeAdditionalContextsServices(project *composetypes.Project, selectedServices []string) []string {
+	servicesWithDependencies := mapset.NewSet(selectedServices...)
+	for _, service := range selectedServices {
+		s, ok := project.Services[service]
+		if !ok {
+			s = project.DisabledServices[service]
+		}
+		if s.Build != nil {
+			for _, target := range s.Build.AdditionalContexts {
+				if name, found := strings.CutPrefix(target, composetypes.ServicePrefix); found {
+					servicesWithDependencies.Add(name)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if servicesWithDependencies.Cardinality() > len(selectedServices) {
+		return includeAdditionalContextsServices(project, servicesWithDependencies.ToSlice())
+	}
+
+	return servicesWithDependencies.ToSlice()
 }

internal/cli/cli.go

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package cli
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/netip"
 	"os"
@@ -10,7 +9,6 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/streams"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli/config"
-	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/fs"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/machine"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/machine/api/pb"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/sshexec"
@@ -26,18 +24,20 @@ const (
 	// DefaultSSHKeyPath is the fallback location for the SSH private key when provisioning remote machines.
 	// Used when no key is explicitly provided and SSH agent authentication fails.
 	DefaultSSHKeyPath  = "~/.ssh/id_ed25519"
-	defaultContextName = "default"
+	DefaultContextName = "default"
 )
 
 type CLI struct {
 	Config          *config.Config
 	conn            *config.MachineConnection
+	contextOverride string
 }
 
 // New creates a new CLI instance with the given config path or remote machine connection.
 // If the connection is provided, the config is ignored for all operations which is useful for interacting with
 // a cluster without creating a config.
-func New(configPath string, conn *config.MachineConnection) (*CLI, error) {
+// If a non-empty context name is given, it will override the current default.
+func New(configPath string, conn *config.MachineConnection, contextName string) (*CLI, error) {
 	if conn != nil {
 		return &CLI{conn: conn}, nil
 	}
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ func New(configPath string, conn *config.MachineConnection) (*CLI, error) {
 
 	return &CLI{
 		Config:          cfg,
+		contextOverride: contextName,
 	}, nil
 }
 
@@ -70,11 +71,40 @@ func (cli *CLI) SetCurrentContext(name string) error {
 	return cli.Config.Save()
 }
 
-// ConnectCluster connects to a cluster using the given context name or the current context if not specified.
-// If the CLI was initialised with a machine connection, the config is ignored and the connection is used instead.
-func (cli *CLI) ConnectCluster(ctx context.Context, contextName string) (*client.Client, error) {
+func (cli *CLI) ContextOverrideOrCurrent() string {
+	if cli.contextOverride != "" {
+		return cli.contextOverride
+	}
+	if cli.Config != nil {
+		return cli.Config.CurrentContext
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+// DirectConnection returns the connection string if --connect or UNCLOUD_CONNECT was specified.
+func (cli *CLI) DirectConnection() string {
 	if cli.conn != nil {
-		return connectCluster(ctx, *cli.conn)
+		return cli.conn.String()
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+// ConnectCluster connects to a cluster using the context override or the current context if not specified.
+// If the CLI was initialised with a machine connection, the config is ignored and the connection is used instead.
+func (cli *CLI) ConnectCluster(ctx context.Context) (*client.Client, error) {
+	return cli.ConnectClusterWithOptions(ctx, ConnectOptions{
+		// Default to showing progress for CLI usage.
+		ShowProgress: true,
+	})
+}
+
+// ConnectClusterWithOptions connects to a cluster with the given options.
+// If the CLI was initialised with a machine connection, the config is ignored and the connection is used instead.
+// If the CLI has an override context, it is used instead of the current default.
+// Options are useful when using the CLI as a library where you may want to disable visual feedback.
+func (cli *CLI) ConnectClusterWithOptions(ctx context.Context, opts ConnectOptions) (*client.Client, error) {
+	if cli.conn != nil {
+		return ConnectCluster(ctx, *cli.conn, opts)
 	}
 
 	if len(cli.Config.Contexts) == 0 {
@@ -84,6 +114,8 @@ func (cli *CLI) ConnectCluster(ctx context.Context, contextName string) (*client
 			cli.Config.Path(),
 		)
 	}
+
+	contextName := cli.contextOverride
 	if contextName == "" {
 		// If the cluster is not specified, use the current cluster if set.
 		if cli.Config.CurrentContext == "" {
@@ -116,38 +148,20 @@ func (cli *CLI) ConnectCluster(ctx context.Context, contextName string) (*client
 		)
 	}
 
-	// TODO: iterate over all connections and try to connect to the cluster using the first successful connection.
-	conn := cfg.Connections[0]
-
-	c, err := connectCluster(ctx, conn)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("connect to cluster (context '%s'): %w", contextName, err)
-	}
-
+	// Try each connection in order until one succeeds.
+	var lastErr error
+	for _, conn := range cfg.Connections {
+		c, err := ConnectCluster(ctx, conn, opts)
+		if err == nil {
 			return c, nil
-}
-
-func connectCluster(ctx context.Context, conn config.MachineConnection) (*client.Client, error) {
-	if conn.SSH != "" {
-		user, host, port, err := conn.SSH.Parse()
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("parse SSH connection %q: %w", conn.SSH, err)
 		}
 
-		keyPath := fs.ExpandHomeDir(conn.SSHKeyFile)
-
-		sshConfig := &connector.SSHConnectorConfig{
-			User:    user,
-			Host:    host,
-			Port:    port,
-			KeyPath: keyPath,
-		}
-		return client.New(ctx, connector.NewSSHConnector(sshConfig))
-	} else if conn.TCP != nil && conn.TCP.IsValid() {
-		return client.New(ctx, connector.NewTCPConnector(*conn.TCP))
+		lastErr = err
 	}
 
-	return nil, errors.New("connection configuration is invalid")
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to connect to cluster context '%s': "+
+		"all connections (%d) in the Uncloud config (%s) failed; last error: %w",
+		contextName, len(cfg.Connections), cli.Config.Path(), lastErr)
 }
 
 type InitClusterOptions struct {
@@ -156,7 +170,10 @@ type InitClusterOptions struct {
 	Network            netip.Prefix
 	PublicIP           *netip.Addr
 	RemoteMachine      *RemoteMachine
+	SkipInstall        bool
 	Version            string
+	AutoConfirm        bool
+	WireguardEndpoints []*pb.IPPort
 }
 
 // InitCluster initialises a new cluster on a remote machine and returns a client to interact with the cluster.
@@ -166,19 +183,16 @@ func (cli *CLI) InitCluster(ctx context.Context, opts InitClusterOptions) (*clie
 		return cli.initRemoteMachine(ctx, opts)
 	}
 	// TODO: implement local machine initialisation
-	return nil, fmt.Errorf("local machine initialisation is not implemented yet")
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("local machine initialisation is not implemented yet. Please specify a remote machine")
 }
 
 func (cli *CLI) initRemoteMachine(ctx context.Context, opts InitClusterOptions) (*client.Client, error) {
-	contextName := opts.Context
-	if contextName == "" {
-		contextName = defaultContextName
-	}
-	if _, ok := cli.Config.Contexts[contextName]; ok {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("cluster context '%s' already exists", contextName)
+	contextName, err := cli.newContextName(opts.Context)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	machineClient, err := provisionRemoteMachine(ctx, opts.RemoteMachine, opts.Version)
+	machineClient, err := provisionOrConnectRemoteMachine(ctx, opts.RemoteMachine, opts.SkipInstall, opts.Version)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -195,7 +209,12 @@ func (cli *CLI) initRemoteMachine(ctx context.Context, opts InitClusterOptions)
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("inspect machine: %w", err)
 	}
 	if minfo.Id != "" {
-		if err = promptResetMachine(ctx, machineClient.MachineClient); err != nil {
+		if !opts.AutoConfirm {
+			if err = promptResetMachine(); err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+		}
+		if err = resetAndWaitMachine(ctx, machineClient.MachineClient); err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 	}
@@ -214,6 +233,7 @@ func (cli *CLI) initRemoteMachine(ctx context.Context, opts InitClusterOptions)
 	req := &pb.InitClusterRequest{
 		MachineName:        opts.MachineName,
 		Network:            pb.NewIPPrefix(opts.Network),
+		WireguardEndpoints: opts.WireguardEndpoints,
 	}
 	if opts.PublicIP != nil {
 		if opts.PublicIP.IsValid() {
@@ -240,8 +260,21 @@ func (cli *CLI) initRemoteMachine(ctx context.Context, opts InitClusterOptions)
 
 	// Save the machine's SSH connection details in the context config.
 	connCfg := config.MachineConnection{
-		SSH:        config.NewSSHDestination(opts.RemoteMachine.User, opts.RemoteMachine.Host, opts.RemoteMachine.Port),
 		SSHKeyFile: opts.RemoteMachine.KeyPath,
+		MachineID:  resp.Machine.Id,
+	}
+	if opts.RemoteMachine.UseSSHCLI {
+		connCfg.SSHCLI = config.NewSSHDestination(
+			opts.RemoteMachine.User,
+			opts.RemoteMachine.Host,
+			opts.RemoteMachine.Port,
+		)
+	} else {
+		connCfg.SSH = config.NewSSHDestination(
+			opts.RemoteMachine.User,
+			opts.RemoteMachine.Host,
+			opts.RemoteMachine.Port,
+		)
 	}
 	cli.Config.Contexts[contextName].Connections = append(cli.Config.Contexts[contextName].Connections, connCfg)
 	if err = cli.Config.Save(); err != nil {
@@ -250,12 +283,40 @@ func (cli *CLI) initRemoteMachine(ctx context.Context, opts InitClusterOptions)
 	return machineClient, nil
 }
 
+// newContextName returns a unique name for a new cluster context. If the provided name is not DefaultContextName,
+// and it's already taken, an error is returned. If the name is not provided or is DefaultContextName, the first
+// available name "default[-N]" is returned.
+func (cli *CLI) newContextName(name string) (string, error) {
+	if name == "" {
+		name = DefaultContextName
+	}
+
+	if _, exists := cli.Config.Contexts[name]; !exists {
+		return name, nil
+	}
+
+	// If non-default context already exists, error out.
+	if name != DefaultContextName {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("cluster context '%s' already exists", name)
+	}
+
+	// The default context already exists, generate a numbered suffix to make it unique.
+	for i := 1; ; i++ {
+		name = fmt.Sprintf("%s-%d", DefaultContextName, i)
+		if _, exists := cli.Config.Contexts[name]; !exists {
+			return name, nil
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 type AddMachineOptions struct {
-	Context       string
 	MachineName        string
 	PublicIP           *netip.Addr
 	RemoteMachine      *RemoteMachine
+	SkipInstall        bool
 	Version            string
+	AutoConfirm        bool
+	WireguardEndpoints []*pb.IPPort
 }
 
 // AddMachine provisions a remote machine and adds it to the cluster. It returns a cluster client and a machine client.
@@ -263,11 +324,8 @@ type AddMachineOptions struct {
 // cluster. The machine client is connected to the new machine and can be used to interact with it.
 // Both client should be closed after use by the caller.
 func (cli *CLI) AddMachine(ctx context.Context, opts AddMachineOptions) (*client.Client, *client.Client, error) {
-	contextName := opts.Context
-	if contextName == "" {
-		contextName = cli.Config.CurrentContext
-	}
-	c, err := cli.ConnectCluster(ctx, contextName)
+	contextName := cli.ContextOverrideOrCurrent()
+	c, err := cli.ConnectCluster(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("connect to cluster (context '%s'): %w", contextName, err)
 	}
@@ -277,7 +335,7 @@ func (cli *CLI) AddMachine(ctx context.Context, opts AddMachineOptions) (*client
 		}
 	}()
 
-	machineClient, err := provisionRemoteMachine(ctx, opts.RemoteMachine, opts.Version)
+	machineClient, err := provisionOrConnectRemoteMachine(ctx, opts.RemoteMachine, opts.SkipInstall, opts.Version)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, err
 	}
@@ -288,6 +346,7 @@ func (cli *CLI) AddMachine(ctx context.Context, opts AddMachineOptions) (*client
 	}()
 
 	// Check if the machine is already initialised as a cluster member and prompt the user to reset it first.
+	// TODO: refactor to use client.InspectMachine.
 	minfo, err := machineClient.Inspect(ctx, &emptypb.Empty{})
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("inspect machine: %w", err)
@@ -304,7 +363,12 @@ func (cli *CLI) AddMachine(ctx context.Context, opts AddMachineOptions) (*client
 			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("machine is already a member of this cluster (%s)", minfo.Name)
 		}
 
-		if err = promptResetMachine(ctx, machineClient.MachineClient); err != nil {
+		if !opts.AutoConfirm {
+			if err = promptResetMachine(); err != nil {
+				return nil, nil, err
+			}
+		}
+		if err = resetAndWaitMachine(ctx, machineClient.MachineClient); err != nil {
 			return nil, nil, err
 		}
 	}
@@ -329,11 +393,17 @@ func (cli *CLI) AddMachine(ctx context.Context, opts AddMachineOptions) (*client
 		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("parse remote machine token: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	// Register the machine in the cluster using its public key and endpoints from the token.
-	endpoints := make([]*pb.IPPort, len(token.Endpoints))
+	// Register the machine in the cluster using its public key and WireGuard endpoints from the token,
+	// or use the explicitly provided WireGuard endpoints if any.
+	var endpoints []*pb.IPPort
+	if len(opts.WireguardEndpoints) > 0 {
+		endpoints = opts.WireguardEndpoints
+	} else {
+		endpoints = make([]*pb.IPPort, len(token.Endpoints))
 		for i, addrPort := range token.Endpoints {
 			endpoints[i] = pb.NewIPPort(addrPort)
 		}
+	}
 	addReq := &pb.AddMachineRequest{
 		Name: opts.MachineName,
 		Network: &pb.NetworkConfig{
@@ -355,6 +425,18 @@ func (cli *CLI) AddMachine(ctx context.Context, opts AddMachineOptions) (*client
 		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("add machine to cluster (context '%s'): %w", contextName, err)
 	}
 
+	// Get the current store DB version from the cluster to pass to the join request.
+	var storeDBVersion int64
+	inspectResp, err := c.MachineClient.InspectMachine(ctx, &emptypb.Empty{})
+	if err != nil {
+		// TODO(lhf): remove Unimplemented check when v0.17.0 is released.
+		if status.Convert(err).Code() != codes.Unimplemented {
+			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("inspect current cluster machine: %w", err)
+		}
+	} else {
+		storeDBVersion = inspectResp.Machines[0].StoreDbVersion
+	}
+
 	// Get the most up-to-date list of other machines in the cluster to include them in the join request.
 	machines, err := c.ListMachines(ctx, nil)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -371,6 +453,7 @@ func (cli *CLI) AddMachine(ctx context.Context, opts AddMachineOptions) (*client
 	joinReq := &pb.JoinClusterRequest{
 		Machine:           addResp.Machine,
 		OtherMachines:     otherMachines,
+		MinStoreDbVersion: storeDBVersion,
 	}
 	if _, err = machineClient.JoinCluster(ctx, joinReq); err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("join cluster: %w", err)
@@ -381,11 +464,21 @@ func (cli *CLI) AddMachine(ctx context.Context, opts AddMachineOptions) (*client
 
 	// Save the machine's SSH connection details in the context config.
 	connCfg := config.MachineConnection{
-		SSH:        config.NewSSHDestination(opts.RemoteMachine.User, opts.RemoteMachine.Host, opts.RemoteMachine.Port),
 		SSHKeyFile: opts.RemoteMachine.KeyPath,
+		MachineID:  addResp.Machine.Id,
 	}
-	if contextName == "" {
-		contextName = cli.Config.CurrentContext
+	if opts.RemoteMachine.UseSSHCLI {
+		connCfg.SSHCLI = config.NewSSHDestination(
+			opts.RemoteMachine.User,
+			opts.RemoteMachine.Host,
+			opts.RemoteMachine.Port,
+		)
+	} else {
+		connCfg.SSH = config.NewSSHDestination(
+			opts.RemoteMachine.User,
+			opts.RemoteMachine.Host,
+			opts.RemoteMachine.Port,
+		)
 	}
 	cli.Config.Contexts[contextName].Connections = append(cli.Config.Contexts[contextName].Connections, connCfg)
 	if err = cli.Config.Save(); err != nil {
@@ -395,15 +488,45 @@ func (cli *CLI) AddMachine(ctx context.Context, opts AddMachineOptions) (*client
 	return c, machineClient, nil
 }
 
-// provisionRemoteMachine installs the Uncloud daemon and dependencies on the remote machine over SSH and returns
-// a machine API client to interact with the machine. The client should be closed after use by the caller.
+// provisionOrConnectRemoteMachine installs the Uncloud daemon and dependencies on the remote machine over SSH and
+// returns a machine API client to interact with the machine. The client should be closed after use by the caller.
 // The version parameter specifies the version of the Uncloud daemon to install. If empty, the latest version is used.
+// If skipInstall is true, the installation step is skipped, and it is assumed that the Uncloud daemon and dependencies
+// are already installed and running.
 // The remoteMachine.SSHKeyPath could be updated to the default SSH key path if it is not set and the SSH agent
 // authentication fails.
-func provisionRemoteMachine(
-	ctx context.Context, remoteMachine *RemoteMachine, version string,
+func provisionOrConnectRemoteMachine(
+	ctx context.Context, remoteMachine *RemoteMachine, skipInstall bool, version string,
 ) (*client.Client, error) {
-	// Provision the remote machine by installing the Uncloud daemon and dependencies over SSH.
+	// Use SSH CLI
+	if remoteMachine.UseSSHCLI {
+		exec := sshexec.NewSSHCLIRemote(
+			remoteMachine.User,
+			remoteMachine.Host,
+			remoteMachine.Port,
+			remoteMachine.KeyPath,
+		)
+
+		if !skipInstall {
+			if err := provisionMachine(ctx, exec, version); err != nil {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("provision machine: %w", err)
+			}
+		}
+
+		sshConfig := &connector.SSHConnectorConfig{
+			User:    remoteMachine.User,
+			Host:    remoteMachine.Host,
+			Port:    remoteMachine.Port,
+			KeyPath: remoteMachine.KeyPath,
+		}
+		machineClient, err := client.New(ctx, connector.NewSSHCLIConnector(sshConfig))
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("connect to remote machine: %w", err)
+		}
+		return machineClient, nil
+	}
+
+	// Use Go SSH
 	sshClient, err := sshexec.Connect(remoteMachine.User, remoteMachine.Host, remoteMachine.Port, remoteMachine.KeyPath)
 	// If the SSH connection using SSH agent fails and no key path is provided, try to use the default SSH key.
 	if err != nil && remoteMachine.KeyPath == "" {
@@ -418,14 +541,17 @@ func provisionRemoteMachine(
 			config.NewSSHDestination(remoteMachine.User, remoteMachine.Host, remoteMachine.Port), err,
 		)
 	}
+
+	if !skipInstall {
+		// Provision the remote machine by installing the Uncloud daemon and dependencies over SSH.
 		exec := sshexec.NewRemote(sshClient)
-	// Install and run the Uncloud daemon and dependencies on the remote machine.
 		if err = provisionMachine(ctx, exec, version); err != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("provision machine: %w", err)
 		}
+	}
 
 	var machineClient *client.Client
-	if remoteMachine.User == "root" {
+	if remoteMachine.User == "root" || skipInstall {
 		// Create a machine API client over the established SSH connection to the remote machine.
 		machineClient, err = client.New(ctx, connector.NewSSHConnectorFromClient(sshClient))
 	} else {
@@ -445,6 +571,15 @@ func provisionRemoteMachine(
 	return machineClient, nil
 }
 
+// SetClusterContextIfUnset sets the cluster context override only if no --context flag was used
+// and no --connect direct connection is active.
+func (cli *CLI) SetClusterContextIfUnset(name string) {
+	if name == "" || cli.contextOverride != "" || cli.conn != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	cli.contextOverride = name
+}
+
 // ProgressOut returns an output stream for progress writer.
 func (cli *CLI) ProgressOut() *streams.Out {
 	return streams.NewOut(os.Stdout)

internal/cli/config/config.go

@@ -53,6 +53,10 @@ func (c *Config) Read() error {
 
 func (c *Config) Save() error {
 	dir, _ := filepath.Split(c.path)
+	// If dir is empty (e.g., when path is just a filename), use current directory
+	if dir == "" {
+		dir = "."
+	}
 	if err := os.MkdirAll(dir, 0o700); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("create config directory '%s': %w", dir, err)
 	}

internal/cli/config/config_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+package config
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestConfig_Save(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	// Create a temporary directory for the test
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+
+	// Change to temp directory so relative paths resolve correctly
+	originalDir, err := os.Getwd()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to get current directory: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if err := os.Chdir(originalDir); err != nil {
+			t.Logf("Failed to restore original directory: %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name            string
+		configPath      string
+		contextName     string
+		expectFileAt    string // Expected file location for verification
+		useAbsolutePath bool   // Whether to use absolute path for expectFileAt
+	}{
+		{
+			name:        "relative path without prefix",
+			configPath:  "test-config.yaml",
+			contextName: "test",
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "relative path with prefix",
+			configPath:  "./test-config-2.yaml",
+			contextName: "test2",
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "absolute path",
+			configPath:  filepath.Join(tmpDir, "absolute-config.yaml"),
+			contextName: "test3",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			if err := os.Chdir(tmpDir); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("Failed to change to temp directory: %v", err)
+			}
+
+			cfg := &Config{
+				CurrentContext: tt.contextName,
+				Contexts: map[string]*Context{
+					tt.contextName: {
+						Name: tt.contextName,
+					},
+				},
+				path: tt.configPath,
+			}
+
+			// This should not fail when saving the config
+			err := cfg.Save()
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Errorf("Expected no error when saving config, got: %v", err)
+			}
+
+			// Verify the file was created
+			if _, err := os.Stat(tt.configPath); os.IsNotExist(err) {
+				t.Errorf("Config file was not created at expected path: %s", tt.configPath)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

internal/cli/config/connection.go

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 package config
 
 import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"net/netip"
 	"strconv"
@@ -9,52 +11,90 @@ import (
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/secret"
 )
 
-const (
-	DefaultSSHUser = "root"
-	DefaultSSHPort = 22
-)
-
 type MachineConnection struct {
 	SSH        SSHDestination `yaml:"ssh,omitempty"`
+	SSHCLI     SSHDestination `yaml:"ssh_cli,omitempty"`
 	SSHKeyFile string         `yaml:"ssh_key_file,omitempty"`
 	// TCP is the address and port of the machine's API server.
 	// The pointer is used to omit the field when not set. Otherwise, yaml marshalling includes an empty object.
 	TCP *netip.AddrPort `yaml:"tcp,omitempty"`
+	// Unix is the path to the machine's API unix socket.
+	Unix      string        `yaml:"unix,omitempty"`
 	Host      string        `yaml:"host,omitempty"`
 	PublicKey secret.Secret `yaml:"public_key,omitempty"`
+	MachineID string        `yaml:"machine_id,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (c *MachineConnection) String() string {
+	if c.SSH != "" {
+		return "ssh://" + string(c.SSH)
+	} else if c.SSHCLI != "" {
+		return "ssh+cli://" + string(c.SSHCLI)
+	} else if c.TCP != nil && c.TCP.IsValid() {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("tcp://%s", c.TCP)
+	} else if c.Unix != "" {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("unix://%s", c.Unix)
+	}
+	return "unknown connection"
+}
+
+func (c *MachineConnection) Validate() error {
+	setCount := 0
+	if c.SSH != "" {
+		setCount++
+	}
+	if c.SSHCLI != "" {
+		setCount++
+	}
+	if c.TCP != nil && c.TCP.IsValid() {
+		setCount++
+	}
+	if c.Unix != "" {
+		setCount++
+	}
+
+	if setCount == 0 {
+		return errors.New("no connection method specified (ssh, ssh_cli, tcp, or unix required)")
+	}
+	if setCount > 1 {
+		return errors.New("only one connection method allowed per connection (ssh, ssh_cli, tcp, or unix)")
+	}
+
+	return nil
 }
 
 // SSHDestination represents an SSH destination string in the canonical form of "user@host:port".
-// The default user "root" and port 22 can be omitted.
+// Empty user or port components are omitted.
 type SSHDestination string
 
+// NewSSHDestination constructs an SSHDestination from user, host, and port components.
+// If user is empty, it is omitted.
+// If port is 0, it is omitted.
 func NewSSHDestination(user, host string, port int) SSHDestination {
 	dst := host
-	if port != 0 && port != DefaultSSHPort {
+	if port != 0 {
 		dst = net.JoinHostPort(host, strconv.Itoa(port))
 	}
-	if user == "" {
-		user = DefaultSSHUser
+	if user != "" {
+		dst = fmt.Sprintf("%s@%s", user, dst)
 	}
-	dst = user + "@" + dst
+
 	return SSHDestination(dst)
 }
 
+// Parse parses the SSH destination string into user, host, and port components.
+// If user is not specified, it returns an empty string.
+// If port is not specified, it returns 0.
 func (d SSHDestination) Parse() (user string, host string, port int, err error) {
 	host = string(d)
 	if strings.Contains(host, "@") {
 		user, host, _ = strings.Cut(host, "@")
 	}
-	if user == "" {
-		user = DefaultSSHUser
-	}
 	h, p, sErr := net.SplitHostPort(host)
 	if sErr == nil {
 		host = h
 		port, err = strconv.Atoi(p)
 	}
-	if port == 0 {
-		port = DefaultSSHPort
-	}
+
 	return
 }

internal/cli/config/connection_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+package config
+
+import (
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestMachineConnection_String(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		conn MachineConnection
+		want string
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "ssh connection",
+			conn: MachineConnection{
+				SSH: "user@host.com",
+			},
+			want: "ssh://user@host.com",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "ssh connection with port",
+			conn: MachineConnection{
+				SSH: "user@host.com:2222",
+			},
+			want: "ssh://user@host.com:2222",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "ssh_cli connection",
+			conn: MachineConnection{
+				SSHCLI: "user@host.com",
+			},
+			want: "ssh+cli://user@host.com",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "ssh_cli connection with port",
+			conn: MachineConnection{
+				SSHCLI: "user@host.com:2222",
+			},
+			want: "ssh+cli://user@host.com:2222",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "tcp connection",
+			conn: MachineConnection{
+				TCP: func() *netip.AddrPort {
+					addr := netip.MustParseAddrPort("10.0.0.1:8080")
+					return &addr
+				}(),
+			},
+			want: "tcp://10.0.0.1:8080",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "unix connection",
+			conn: MachineConnection{
+				Unix: "/run/uncloud/uncloud.sock",
+			},
+			want: "unix:///run/uncloud/uncloud.sock",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "no connection",
+			conn: MachineConnection{},
+			want: "unknown connection",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "ssh connection with machine id",
+			conn: MachineConnection{
+				SSH:       "user@host.com",
+				MachineID: "ed98b9f7575308c340263cd279e3b568",
+			},
+			// String() does not use MachineID; just verifying entry with it is valid
+			want: "ssh://user@host.com",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			got := tt.conn.String()
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.want, got)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMachineConnection_Validate(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		conn    MachineConnection
+		wantErr bool
+		errMsg  string
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "ssh only - valid",
+			conn: MachineConnection{
+				SSH: "user@host",
+			},
+			wantErr: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "ssh_cli only - valid",
+			conn: MachineConnection{
+				SSHCLI: "user@host",
+			},
+			wantErr: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "tcp only - valid",
+			conn: MachineConnection{
+				TCP: func() *netip.AddrPort {
+					addr := netip.MustParseAddrPort("10.0.0.1:8080")
+					return &addr
+				}(),
+			},
+			wantErr: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "unix only - valid",
+			conn: MachineConnection{
+				Unix: "/path/to/socket",
+			},
+			wantErr: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "no connection method - error",
+			conn:    MachineConnection{},
+			wantErr: true,
+			errMsg:  "no connection method specified",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "ssh and ssh_cli - error",
+			conn: MachineConnection{
+				SSH:    "user@host",
+				SSHCLI: "user@host",
+			},
+			wantErr: true,
+			errMsg:  "only one connection method allowed",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "ssh and unix - error",
+			conn: MachineConnection{
+				SSH:  "user@host",
+				Unix: "/path/to/socket",
+			},
+			wantErr: true,
+			errMsg:  "only one connection method allowed",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "ssh and tcp - error",
+			conn: MachineConnection{
+				SSH: "user@host",
+				TCP: func() *netip.AddrPort {
+					addr := netip.MustParseAddrPort("10.0.0.1:8080")
+					return &addr
+				}(),
+			},
+			wantErr: true,
+			errMsg:  "only one connection method allowed",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "ssh_cli and tcp - error",
+			conn: MachineConnection{
+				SSHCLI: "user@host",
+				TCP: func() *netip.AddrPort {
+					addr := netip.MustParseAddrPort("10.0.0.1:8080")
+					return &addr
+				}(),
+			},
+			wantErr: true,
+			errMsg:  "only one connection method allowed",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "all three - error",
+			conn: MachineConnection{
+				SSH:    "user@host",
+				SSHCLI: "user@host2",
+				TCP: func() *netip.AddrPort {
+					addr := netip.MustParseAddrPort("10.0.0.1:8080")
+					return &addr
+				}(),
+			},
+			wantErr: true,
+			errMsg:  "only one connection method allowed",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			err := tt.conn.Validate()
+			if tt.wantErr {
+				assert.Error(t, err)
+				assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), tt.errMsg)
+			} else {
+				assert.NoError(t, err)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

internal/cli/config/context.go

@@ -4,3 +4,21 @@ type Context struct {
 	Name        string              `yaml:"-"`
 	Connections []MachineConnection `yaml:"connections"`
 }
+
+func (c *Context) SetDefaultConnection(index int) {
+	// Do nothing if the index is out of range.
+	if index < 0 || index >= len(c.Connections) {
+		return
+	}
+
+	selected := c.Connections[index]
+	newConnections := make([]MachineConnection, 0, len(c.Connections))
+	newConnections = append(newConnections, selected)
+
+	for i, conn := range c.Connections {
+		if i != index {
+			newConnections = append(newConnections, conn)
+		}
+	}
+	c.Connections = newConnections
+}

internal/cli/connect.go

@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+package cli
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"time"
+
+	"charm.land/bubbles/v2/spinner"
+	tea "charm.land/bubbletea/v2"
+	"charm.land/lipgloss/v2"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli/config"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli/tui"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/fs"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/client"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/client/connector"
+)
+
+// ConnectOptions configures the behavior of cluster connection attempts.
+type ConnectOptions struct {
+	// Whether to show connection progress spinner if stdout is a terminal or progress logs if not.
+	ShowProgress bool
+}
+
+func ConnectCluster(ctx context.Context, conn config.MachineConnection, opts ConnectOptions) (*client.Client, error) {
+	if opts.ShowProgress {
+		return connectClusterWithProgress(ctx, conn)
+	}
+	return connectCluster(ctx, conn)
+}
+
+// connectClusterWithProgress connects to the cluster while displaying a progress spinner.
+// If the stdout is not a terminal, it falls back to simple progress logs to stderr.
+func connectClusterWithProgress(ctx context.Context, conn config.MachineConnection) (*client.Client, error) {
+	// If stdout is not a terminal, fall back to simple progress logs.
+	if !tui.IsStdoutTerminal() {
+		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "Connecting to", conn.String())
+		cli, err := connectCluster(ctx, conn)
+		if err != nil {
+			fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "Connection failed:", err)
+		} else {
+			fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "Connected to cluster.")
+		}
+		return cli, err
+	}
+
+	// Run the connection TUI model.
+	p := tea.NewProgram(newConnectModel(ctx, conn))
+	model, err := p.Run()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("run connection TUI: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	m := model.(connectModel)
+	return m.result.client, m.result.err
+}
+
+func connectCluster(ctx context.Context, conn config.MachineConnection) (*client.Client, error) {
+	// Determine which SSH type is configured
+	var sshDest config.SSHDestination
+	var useSSHCLI bool
+
+	// Validate connection configuration early to provide clear error messages.
+	if err := conn.Validate(); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid connection configuration: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if conn.SSH != "" {
+		sshDest = conn.SSH
+		useSSHCLI = false
+	} else if conn.SSHCLI != "" {
+		sshDest = conn.SSHCLI
+		useSSHCLI = true
+	} else if conn.TCP != nil && conn.TCP.IsValid() {
+		return client.New(ctx, connector.NewTCPConnector(*conn.TCP))
+	} else if conn.Unix != "" {
+		return client.New(ctx, connector.NewUnixConnector(conn.Unix))
+	} else {
+		return nil, errors.New("connection configuration is invalid")
+	}
+
+	// Parse SSH destination and create config (shared for both types)
+	user, host, port, err := sshDest.Parse()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("parse SSH connection %q: %w", sshDest, err)
+	}
+
+	keyPath := fs.ExpandHomeDir(conn.SSHKeyFile)
+
+	sshConfig := &connector.SSHConnectorConfig{
+		User:    user,
+		Host:    host,
+		Port:    port,
+		KeyPath: keyPath,
+	}
+
+	// Create appropriate connector based on type
+	if useSSHCLI {
+		return client.New(ctx, connector.NewSSHCLIConnector(sshConfig))
+	}
+	return client.New(ctx, connector.NewSSHConnector(sshConfig))
+}
+
+// connectModel is a TUI model for connecting to a cluster with a progress spinner.
+type connectModel struct {
+	ctx     context.Context
+	conn    config.MachineConnection
+	spinner spinner.Model
+	// showSpinner controls whether the spinner is visible (delayed to avoid flashing).
+	showSpinner bool
+	// done indicates whether the connection attempt has completed (successfully or with error).
+	done bool
+	// result holds the result of the connection attempt.
+	result connectResultMsg
+}
+
+type connectResultMsg struct {
+	client *client.Client
+	err    error
+}
+
+// showSpinnerMsg is sent after a delay to show the spinner.
+type showSpinnerMsg struct{}
+
+func newConnectModel(ctx context.Context, conn config.MachineConnection) connectModel {
+	s := spinner.New()
+	s.Spinner = spinner.MiniDot
+	s.Style = lipgloss.NewStyle().Foreground(lipgloss.Yellow) // the same yellow as in compose progress
+
+	return connectModel{
+		ctx:     ctx,
+		conn:    conn,
+		spinner: s,
+	}
+}
+
+func (m connectModel) Init() tea.Cmd {
+	return tea.Batch(
+		m.spinner.Tick,
+		m.connect(),
+		m.delayShowSpinner(),
+	)
+}
+
+func (m connectModel) connect() tea.Cmd {
+	return func() tea.Msg {
+		cli, err := connectCluster(m.ctx, m.conn)
+		return connectResultMsg{
+			client: cli,
+			err:    err,
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// delayShowSpinner returns a command that sends a message to show the spinner after a delay.
+// This avoids flashing the spinner if the connection is fast.
+func (m connectModel) delayShowSpinner() tea.Cmd {
+	return tea.Tick(500*time.Millisecond, func(t time.Time) tea.Msg {
+		return showSpinnerMsg{}
+	})
+}
+
+func (m connectModel) Update(msg tea.Msg) (tea.Model, tea.Cmd) {
+	select {
+	case <-m.ctx.Done():
+		m.result.err = m.ctx.Err()
+		m.done = true
+		return m, tea.Quit
+	default:
+	}
+
+	switch msg := msg.(type) {
+	case connectResultMsg:
+		m.result = msg
+		m.done = true
+		return m, tea.Quit
+
+	case showSpinnerMsg:
+		// Only show spinner if connection hasn't completed yet.
+		if !m.done {
+			m.showSpinner = true
+		}
+		return m, nil
+
+	case spinner.TickMsg:
+		var cmd tea.Cmd
+		m.spinner, cmd = m.spinner.Update(msg)
+		return m, cmd
+
+	case tea.KeyPressMsg:
+		if msg.String() == "ctrl+c" {
+			m.result.err = fmt.Errorf("connection cancelled")
+			m.done = true
+			return m, tea.Quit
+		}
+	}
+
+	return m, nil
+}
+
+func (m connectModel) View() tea.View {
+	// Don't show anything if done or spinner not yet visible.
+	if m.done || !m.showSpinner {
+		return tea.NewView("")
+	}
+
+	style := lipgloss.NewStyle().Foreground(lipgloss.Color("153"))
+	return tea.NewView(fmt.Sprintf("%s %s\n",
+		m.spinner.View(),
+		fmt.Sprintf("Connecting to %s", style.Render(m.conn.String())),
+	))
+}

internal/cli/flags.go

@@ -1,7 +1,15 @@
 package cli
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
+	"log"
+	"net/netip"
+	"os"
 	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/machine/api/pb"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/machine/network"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
 
 // ExpandCommaSeparatedValues takes a slice of strings and expands any comma-separated values into individual elements.
@@ -12,7 +20,7 @@ func ExpandCommaSeparatedValues(values []string) []string {
 
 	var expanded []string
 	for _, value := range values {
-		for _, v := range strings.Split(value, ",") {
+		for v := range strings.SplitSeq(value, ",") {
 			if v = strings.TrimSpace(v); v != "" {
 				expanded = append(expanded, v)
 			}
@@ -21,3 +29,31 @@ func ExpandCommaSeparatedValues(values []string) []string {
 
 	return expanded
 }
+
+// BindEnvToFlag assigns the value of an environment variable to the given command flag if the flag has not been set.
+func BindEnvToFlag(cmd *cobra.Command, flagName, envVar string) {
+	if value := os.Getenv(envVar); value != "" && !cmd.Flags().Changed(flagName) {
+		if err := cmd.Flags().Set(flagName, value); err != nil {
+			log.Fatalf("Failed to bind environment variable '%s' to flag '%s': %v", envVar, flagName, err)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// ParseWireGuardEndpoints parses a list of endpoint strings into a list of IPPort protobuf messages. Each value can
+// be an IP address, IP:PORT, IPv6, or [IPv6]:PORT. If the port is omitted, the default WireGuard port is used.
+func ParseWireGuardEndpoints(values []string) ([]*pb.IPPort, error) {
+	endpoints := make([]*pb.IPPort, 0, len(values))
+	for _, v := range values {
+		ap, err := netip.ParseAddrPort(v)
+		if err != nil {
+			// Try parsing as a bare IP address and use the default WireGuard port.
+			addr, addrErr := netip.ParseAddr(v)
+			if addrErr != nil {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid endpoint '%s': must be IP, IPv6, IP:PORT, or [IPv6]:PORT", v)
+			}
+			ap = netip.AddrPortFrom(addr, network.WireGuardPort)
+		}
+		endpoints = append(endpoints, pb.NewIPPort(ap))
+	}
+	return endpoints, nil
+}

internal/cli/machine.go

@@ -2,13 +2,15 @@ package cli
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
+	"charm.land/huh/v2"
 	"github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4"
-	"github.com/charmbracelet/huh"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli/tui"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/machine/api/pb"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/sshexec"
 	"google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/emptypb"
@@ -25,6 +27,7 @@ type RemoteMachine struct {
 	Host      string
 	Port      int
 	KeyPath   string
+	UseSSHCLI bool // indicates ssh+cli:// should be used
 }
 
 func installCmd(user string, version string) string {
@@ -85,7 +88,13 @@ func provisionMachine(ctx context.Context, exec sshexec.Executor, version string
 	return nil
 }
 
-func promptResetMachine(ctx context.Context, machineClient pb.MachineClient) error {
+func promptResetMachine() error {
+	if !tui.IsStdinTerminal() {
+		return errors.New("the remote machine is already initialised as a cluster member; " +
+			"cannot ask to confirm reset in non-interactive mode, " +
+			"use --yes flag or set UNCLOUD_AUTO_CONFIRM=true to auto-confirm")
+	}
+
 	var confirm bool
 	form := huh.NewForm(
 		huh.NewGroup(
@@ -109,10 +118,15 @@ func promptResetMachine(ctx context.Context, machineClient pb.MachineClient) err
 		return fmt.Errorf("remote machine is already initialised as a cluster member")
 	}
 
+	return nil
+}
+
+func resetAndWaitMachine(ctx context.Context, machineClient pb.MachineClient) error {
 	if _, err := machineClient.Reset(ctx, &pb.ResetRequest{}); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("reset remote machine: %w. You can also manually run 'uncloud-uninstall' "+
 			"on the remote machine to fully uninstall Uncloud from it", err)
 	}
+
 	fmt.Println("Resetting the remote machine...")
 	if err := waitMachineReady(ctx, machineClient, 1*time.Minute); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("wait for machine to be ready after reset: %w", err)

internal/cli/prompt.go

@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-package cli
-
-import "github.com/charmbracelet/huh"
-
-func Confirm() (bool, error) {
-	var confirmed bool
-	form := huh.NewForm(
-		huh.NewGroup(
-			huh.NewConfirm().
-				Title(
-					"Do you want to continue?",
-				).
-				Affirmative("Yes!").
-				Negative("No").
-				Value(&confirmed),
-		),
-	).WithAccessible(true)
-	if err := form.Run(); err != nil {
-		return false, err
-	}
-
-	return confirmed, nil
-}

internal/cli/tui/print.go

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+package tui
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+)
+
+func PrintWarning(msg string) {
+	styledMsg := BoldYellow.Render(fmt.Sprintf("WARNING: %s", msg))
+	fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, styledMsg)
+}

internal/cli/tui/prompt.go

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+package tui
+
+import (
+	"os"
+
+	"charm.land/huh/v2"
+	"charm.land/lipgloss/v2"
+	"golang.org/x/term"
+)
+
+// Confirm shows a confirmation prompt with a yellow-styled title.
+// If title is empty, it defaults to "Do you want to continue?".
+func Confirm(title string) (bool, error) {
+	if title == "" {
+		title = "Do you want to continue?"
+	}
+
+	var confirmed bool
+	form := huh.NewForm(
+		huh.NewGroup(
+			huh.NewConfirm().
+				Title(title).
+				Affirmative("Yes!").
+				Negative("No").
+				Value(&confirmed),
+		),
+	).WithTheme(ThemeConfirm()).
+		WithAccessible(true)
+	if err := form.Run(); err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+
+	return confirmed, nil
+}
+
+// ThemeConfirm returns a huh theme with a bold yellow title style for the confirmation prompt.
+func ThemeConfirm() huh.Theme {
+	return huh.ThemeFunc(func(isDark bool) *huh.Styles {
+		t := huh.ThemeBase(isDark)
+		t.Focused.Title = t.Focused.Title.Foreground(lipgloss.Yellow).Bold(true)
+		return t
+	})
+}
+
+// IsStdinTerminal checks if the standard input is a terminal (TTY).
+func IsStdinTerminal() bool {
+	return term.IsTerminal(int(os.Stdin.Fd()))
+}
+
+// IsStdoutTerminal checks if the standard output is a terminal (TTY).
+func IsStdoutTerminal() bool {
+	return term.IsTerminal(int(os.Stdout.Fd()))
+}

internal/cli/tui/style.go

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+package tui
+
+import (
+	"charm.land/lipgloss/v2"
+	"github.com/distribution/reference"
+)
+
+var (
+	Faint  = lipgloss.NewStyle().Faint(true)
+	Red    = lipgloss.NewStyle().Foreground(lipgloss.Red)
+	Green  = lipgloss.NewStyle().Foreground(lipgloss.Green)
+	Yellow = lipgloss.NewStyle().Foreground(lipgloss.Yellow)
+
+	Bold       = lipgloss.NewStyle().Bold(true)
+	BoldRed    = lipgloss.NewStyle().Bold(true).Foreground(lipgloss.Red)
+	BoldGreen  = lipgloss.NewStyle().Bold(true).Foreground(lipgloss.Green)
+	BoldYellow = lipgloss.NewStyle().Bold(true).Foreground(lipgloss.Yellow)
+
+	NameStyle = lipgloss.NewStyle().Bold(true).Foreground(lipgloss.Color("152"))
+)
+
+// FormatImage renders an image reference with the given style, using a faint colon separator for tagged images.
+// Returns the styled original string if parsing fails.
+func FormatImage(image string, style lipgloss.Style) string {
+	ref, err := reference.ParseDockerRef(image)
+	if err != nil {
+		return style.Render(image)
+	}
+
+	if tagged, ok := ref.(reference.NamedTagged); ok {
+		return style.Render(reference.FamiliarName(ref)) +
+			Faint.Render(":") +
+			style.Render(tagged.Tag())
+	}
+	return style.Render(reference.FamiliarString(ref))
+}

internal/daemon/token.go

@@ -1,42 +0,0 @@
-package daemon
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"net/netip"
-	"os"
-
-	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/machine"
-	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/machine/network"
-)
-
-// MachineToken returns the local machine's token that can be used for adding the machine to a cluster.
-// TODO: ideally, this should be an RPC call to the daemon API to ensure the config is created and up-to-date.
-func MachineToken(dataDir string) (machine.Token, error) {
-	state, err := machine.ParseState(machine.StatePath(dataDir))
-	if err != nil {
-		if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
-			return machine.Token{}, fmt.Errorf("load machine config (is uncloudd daemon running?): %w", err)
-		}
-		return machine.Token{}, fmt.Errorf("load machine config: %w", err)
-	}
-	if len(state.Network.PublicKey) == 0 {
-		return machine.Token{}, errors.New("public key is not set in machine config")
-	}
-
-	ips, err := network.ListRoutableIPs()
-	if err != nil {
-		return machine.Token{}, fmt.Errorf("list routable addresses: %w", err)
-	}
-	publicIP, err := network.GetPublicIP()
-	// Ignore the error if failed to get the public IP using API services.
-	if err == nil {
-		ips = append(ips, publicIP)
-	}
-
-	endpoints := make([]netip.AddrPort, len(ips))
-	for i, ip := range ips {
-		endpoints[i] = netip.AddrPortFrom(ip, network.WireGuardPort)
-	}
-	return machine.NewToken(state.Network.PublicKey, publicIP, endpoints), nil
-}

internal/dns/api.go

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ type RecordResponse struct {
 type AuthErrorResponse struct {
 	Status  int           `json:"status,omitempty"`
 	Message string        `json:"msg,omitempty"`
-	Data    authErrorData `json:"data,omitempty"`
+	Data    authErrorData `json:"data"`
 }
 
 type authErrorData struct {

internal/docker/client.go

@@ -11,7 +11,12 @@ import (
 	"github.com/docker/docker/client"
 )
 
+type Client struct {
+	*client.Client
+}
+
 // WaitDaemonReady waits for the Docker daemon to start and be ready to serve requests.
+// TODO(lhf): convert into a Client method.
 func WaitDaemonReady(ctx context.Context, cli *client.Client) error {
 	// Retry to ping the Docker daemon until it's ready or the context is canceled.
 	boff := backoff.WithContext(backoff.NewExponentialBackOff(

internal/docker/container.go

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+package docker
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/containerd/errdefs"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/container"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/image"
+	"github.com/docker/go-connections/nat"
+)
+
+// CreateContainerWithImagePull creates a container. If the image is missing, it pulls the image first.
+func (cli *Client) CreateContainerWithImagePull(
+	ctx context.Context, name string, config *container.Config, hostConfig *container.HostConfig,
+) (container.CreateResponse, error) {
+	resp, err := cli.ContainerCreate(ctx, config, hostConfig, nil, nil, name)
+	if err == nil || !errdefs.IsNotFound(err) {
+		return resp, err
+	}
+
+	pullCh, err := cli.PullImage(ctx, config.Image, image.PullOptions{})
+	if err != nil {
+		return resp, fmt.Errorf("pull image: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Drain the pull channel until it's closed (image is fully pulled) or an error occurs.
+	// If the context is canceled during the pull, the channel will receive a context cancellation error.
+	for msg := range pullCh {
+		if msg.Err != nil {
+			return resp, fmt.Errorf("pull image: %w", msg.Err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Create container again after image pull.
+	if resp, err = cli.ContainerCreate(ctx, config, hostConfig, nil, nil, name); err != nil {
+		return resp, err
+	}
+
+	return resp, nil
+}
+
+// WaitPortPublished waits for a container port to be published on the host which happens asynchronously.
+func (cli *Client) WaitPortPublished(ctx context.Context, containerID string, port nat.Port) ([]nat.PortBinding, error) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 5*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	for {
+		c, err := cli.ContainerInspect(ctx, containerID)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("inspect container: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		binding, ok := c.NetworkSettings.Ports[port]
+		if ok && len(binding) > 0 {
+			return binding, nil
+		}
+
+		select {
+		case <-time.After(10 * time.Millisecond):
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			if errors.Is(ctx.Err(), context.DeadlineExceeded) {
+				return nil, errors.New("timeout")
+			}
+			return nil, ctx.Err()
+		}
+	}
+}

internal/docker/image.go

@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+package docker
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+
+	dockercommand "github.com/docker/cli/cli/command"
+	dockerconfig "github.com/docker/cli/cli/config"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/image"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/registry"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/pkg/jsonmessage"
+)
+
+type PullPushImageMessage struct {
+	Message jsonmessage.JSONMessage
+	Err     error
+}
+
+// PullImage pulls an image and returns a channel to receive progress messages.
+func (cli *Client) PullImage(
+	ctx context.Context, image string, opts image.PullOptions,
+) (<-chan PullPushImageMessage, error) {
+	if opts.RegistryAuth == "" {
+		// Try to retrieve the authentication token for the image from the default local Docker config file.
+		if encodedAuth, err := RetrieveLocalDockerRegistryAuth(image); err == nil {
+			opts.RegistryAuth = encodedAuth
+		}
+	}
+
+	respBody, err := cli.ImagePull(ctx, image, opts)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	ch := make(chan PullPushImageMessage)
+	go processPullPushImageResp(ctx, respBody, ch)
+
+	return ch, nil
+}
+
+// PushImage pushes an image and returns a channel to receive progress messages.
+func (cli *Client) PushImage(
+	ctx context.Context, image string, opts image.PushOptions,
+) (<-chan PullPushImageMessage, error) {
+	if opts.RegistryAuth == "" {
+		// Try to retrieve the authentication token for the image from the default local Docker config file.
+		encodedAuth, _ := RetrieveLocalDockerRegistryAuth(image)
+		if encodedAuth == "" {
+			// If no credentials are found, provide an encoded empty auth config to work around the bug in Docker:
+			// https://github.com/moby/moby/issues/50729
+			var err error
+			if encodedAuth, err = registry.EncodeAuthConfig(registry.AuthConfig{}); err != nil {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("encode empty auth config: %w", err)
+			}
+		}
+		opts.RegistryAuth = encodedAuth
+	}
+
+	respBody, err := cli.ImagePush(ctx, image, opts)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	ch := make(chan PullPushImageMessage)
+	go processPullPushImageResp(ctx, respBody, ch)
+
+	return ch, nil
+}
+
+// processPullPushImageResp decodes JSON messages from the image pull/push response body and
+// sends them to the provided channel.
+func processPullPushImageResp(ctx context.Context, respBody io.ReadCloser, ch chan<- PullPushImageMessage) {
+	defer respBody.Close()
+	defer close(ch)
+
+	decoder := json.NewDecoder(respBody)
+	for {
+		var jm jsonmessage.JSONMessage
+		if err := decoder.Decode(&jm); err != nil {
+			if errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+				return
+			}
+			ch <- PullPushImageMessage{Err: fmt.Errorf("decode image pull/push message: %w", err)}
+			return
+		}
+
+		msg := PullPushImageMessage{Message: jm}
+		if jm.Error != nil {
+			msg.Err = errors.New(jm.Error.Message)
+		}
+
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			ch <- PullPushImageMessage{Err: ctx.Err()}
+			return
+		default:
+			ch <- msg
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// RetrieveLocalDockerRegistryAuth retrieves the authentication token for the specified image from the local Docker
+// config file. It returns the encoded authentication token if it contains any credentials, or an empty string if
+// no credentials are found.
+func RetrieveLocalDockerRegistryAuth(image string) (string, error) {
+	// Try to retrieve the authentication token for the image from the default local Docker config file.
+	dockerConfig := dockerconfig.LoadDefaultConfigFile(os.Stderr)
+	encodedAuth, err := dockercommand.RetrieveAuthTokenFromImage(dockerConfig, image)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	// The encodedAuth can be a base64-encoded "{}" (empty JSON object) or include a server address but no credentials.
+	// Return encodedAuth only if it contains any credentials.
+	auth, err := registry.DecodeAuthConfig(encodedAuth)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("decode auth config: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if auth.Username == "" &&
+		auth.Password == "" &&
+		auth.Auth == "" &&
+		auth.IdentityToken == "" &&
+		auth.RegistryToken == "" {
+		return "", nil
+	}
+
+	return encodedAuth, nil
+}

internal/gitutil/state.go

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+package gitutil
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os/exec"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// GitState contains information about the Git repository state.
+type GitState struct {
+	// Date is the current commit datetime.
+	Date time.Time
+	// IsDirty indicates whether there are uncommitted changes.
+	IsDirty bool
+	// IsRepo indicates whether the directory is a Git repository.
+	IsRepo bool
+	// SHA is the full SHA-1 (40 characters) of the current commit.
+	SHA string
+}
+
+// InspectGitState inspects the Git repo state from the specified directory.
+// If the directory is not a Git repository, or if git utility is not available,
+// returns GitState with IsRepo=false and no error.
+func InspectGitState(dir string) (GitState, error) {
+	// Check if git command is available.
+	if _, err := exec.LookPath("git"); err != nil {
+		return GitState{}, nil
+	}
+
+	state := GitState{
+		IsRepo: isGitRepo(dir),
+	}
+	if !state.IsRepo {
+		return state, nil
+	}
+
+	// Get the current commit SHA. An initialised but empty repo has no HEAD yet,
+	// so treat it as a non-repo so callers can fall back to non-git logic.
+	sha, err := gitCommand(dir, "rev-parse", "--verify", "HEAD")
+	if err != nil {
+		state.IsRepo = false
+		return state, nil
+	}
+	state.SHA = strings.TrimSpace(sha)
+
+	// Get the current commit timestamp.
+	timestamp, err := gitCommand(dir, "log", "-1", "--format=%ct")
+	if err != nil {
+		return state, fmt.Errorf("get current commit timestamp: %w", err)
+	}
+	seconds, err := strconv.ParseInt(strings.TrimSpace(timestamp), 10, 64)
+	if err != nil {
+		return state, fmt.Errorf("parse current commit timestamp: %w", err)
+	}
+	state.Date = time.Unix(seconds, 0).UTC()
+
+	// Check for uncommitted changes.
+	status, err := gitCommand(dir, "status", "--porcelain")
+	if err != nil {
+		return state, fmt.Errorf("check git status: %w", err)
+	}
+	state.IsDirty = strings.TrimSpace(status) != ""
+
+	return state, nil
+}
+
+// isGitRepo checks if the directory is a Git repository.
+func isGitRepo(dir string) bool {
+	_, err := gitCommand(dir, "rev-parse", "--git-dir")
+	return err == nil
+}
+
+// gitCommand runs a git command in the specified directory.
+func gitCommand(dir string, args ...string) (string, error) {
+	cmd := exec.Command("git", args...)
+	cmd.Dir = dir
+	output, err := cmd.Output()
+	if err != nil {
+		if exitErr, ok := err.(*exec.ExitError); ok {
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("git command failed: %s", exitErr.Stderr)
+		}
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	return string(output), nil
+}
+
+// ShortSHA returns a truncated SHA with the specified length.
+// If length is negative, zero, or greater than the SHA length, it returns the full SHA.
+// Returns empty string if SHA is empty.
+func (s *GitState) ShortSHA(length int) string {
+	if length <= 0 || length > len(s.SHA) {
+		length = len(s.SHA)
+	}
+	return s.SHA[:length]
+}

internal/gitutil/state_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+package gitutil
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestInspectGitState_GitNotAvailable(t *testing.T) {
+	// Reset the PATH env var to simulate git not being available.
+	t.Setenv("PATH", "")
+
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+
+	state, err := InspectGitState(tmpDir)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	assert.False(t, state.IsRepo)
+	assert.Empty(t, state.SHA)
+	assert.Empty(t, state.ShortSHA(7))
+	assert.True(t, state.Date.IsZero())
+	assert.False(t, state.IsDirty)
+}
+
+func TestInspectGitState_NotARepo(t *testing.T) {
+	// Create a temporary directory that's not a git repo.
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+
+	state, err := InspectGitState(tmpDir)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// If tmpDir happens to be in a git repo (e.g., parent directory), skip this test.
+	// This is common when running tests from within the project itself.
+	if state.IsRepo {
+		t.Skip("tmpDir is within a git repository, skipping test")
+	}
+
+	assert.False(t, state.IsRepo)
+	assert.Empty(t, state.SHA)
+	assert.Empty(t, state.ShortSHA(7))
+	assert.True(t, state.Date.IsZero()) // Should have zero time if not a repo.
+	assert.False(t, state.IsDirty)
+}
+
+func TestInspectGitState_EmptyRepo(t *testing.T) {
+	// Create a temporary git repo with no commits.
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	initGitRepo(t, tmpDir)
+
+	state, err := InspectGitState(tmpDir)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// An empty repo should be treated as a non-repo so that callers fall back to non-git logic.
+	assert.False(t, state.IsRepo)
+	assert.Empty(t, state.SHA)
+	assert.Empty(t, state.ShortSHA(7))
+	assert.True(t, state.Date.IsZero())
+	assert.False(t, state.IsDirty)
+}
+
+func TestInspectGitState_CleanRepo(t *testing.T) {
+	// Create a temporary git repo.
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	initGitRepo(t, tmpDir)
+
+	createAndCommitFile(t, tmpDir, "test.txt", "test content")
+
+	state, err := InspectGitState(tmpDir)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	assert.True(t, state.IsRepo)
+	assert.Len(t, state.SHA, 40)
+	assert.Equal(t, state.ShortSHA(7), state.SHA[:7])
+	assert.False(t, state.Date.IsZero())
+	assert.False(t, state.IsDirty)
+}
+
+func TestInspectGitState_DirtyRepo(t *testing.T) {
+	// Create a temporary git repo.
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	initGitRepo(t, tmpDir)
+
+	createAndCommitFile(t, tmpDir, "test.txt", "test content")
+
+	// Modify the file to make the repo dirty.
+	err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(tmpDir, "test.txt"), []byte("modified content"), 0o644)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	state, err := InspectGitState(tmpDir)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	assert.True(t, state.IsRepo)
+	assert.True(t, state.IsDirty)
+}
+
+func TestInspectGitState_UntrackedFiles(t *testing.T) {
+	// Create a temporary git repo.
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	initGitRepo(t, tmpDir)
+
+	createAndCommitFile(t, tmpDir, "test.txt", "test content")
+
+	// Add an untracked file.
+	err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(tmpDir, "untracked.txt"), []byte("untracked"), 0o644)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	state, err := InspectGitState(tmpDir)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	assert.True(t, state.IsRepo)
+	assert.True(t, state.IsDirty) // Untracked files make the repo dirty.
+}
+
+func TestGitState_ShortSHA(t *testing.T) {
+	state := &GitState{
+		SHA: "1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef12345678",
+	}
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		length   int
+		expected string
+	}{
+		{"short 7", 7, "1234567"},
+		{"short 10", 10, "1234567890"},
+		{"full SHA", 40, "1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef12345678"},
+		{"longer than SHA", 50, "1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef12345678"},
+		{"negative", -42, "1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef12345678"},
+		{"zero", 0, "1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef12345678"},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result := state.ShortSHA(tt.length)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expected, result)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGitState_ShortSHA_Empty(t *testing.T) {
+	state := &GitState{
+		SHA: "",
+	}
+
+	result := state.ShortSHA(7)
+	assert.Empty(t, result)
+}
+
+// Helper functions.
+
+func initGitRepo(t *testing.T, dir string) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	// Initialize git repo.
+	runGitCommand(t, dir, "init")
+	runGitCommand(t, dir, "config", "user.email", "test@example.com")
+	runGitCommand(t, dir, "config", "user.name", "Test User")
+}
+
+func createAndCommitFile(t *testing.T, dir, filename, content string) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	// Create file.
+	path := filepath.Join(dir, filename)
+	err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte(content), 0o644)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Commit file.
+	runGitCommand(t, dir, "add", filename)
+	runGitCommand(t, dir, "commit", "-m", "Add "+filename)
+}
+
+func runGitCommand(t *testing.T, dir string, args ...string) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	cmd := exec.Command("git", args...)
+	cmd.Dir = dir
+	output, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
+	require.NoError(t, err, "git command failed: %s", output)
+}

internal/log/env.go

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package log
+
+import (
+	"log/slog"
+	"os"
+	"slices"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+func InitLoggerFromEnv() {
+	debugValues := []string{"1", "true", "yes"}
+	if slices.Contains(debugValues, strings.ToLower(os.Getenv("DEBUG"))) {
+		logger := slog.New(NewSlogTextHandler(os.Stderr, &slog.HandlerOptions{
+			Level: slog.LevelDebug,
+		}))
+		slog.SetDefault(logger)
+	}
+	slog.Debug("logger initialized")
+}

internal/machine/api/pb/docker.proto

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ package api;
 option go_package = "github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/machine/api/pb";
 
 import "google/protobuf/empty.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/timestamp.proto";
 import "internal/machine/api/pb/common.proto";
 
 service Docker {
@@ -15,11 +16,15 @@ service Docker {
   rpc ListContainers(ListContainersRequest) returns (ListContainersResponse);
   rpc RemoveContainer(RemoveContainerRequest) returns (google.protobuf.Empty);
 
+  rpc ExecContainer(stream ExecContainerRequest) returns (stream ExecContainerResponse);
+  rpc ContainerLogs(ContainerLogsRequest) returns (stream ContainerLogEntry);
+
   rpc PullImage(PullImageRequest) returns (stream JSONMessage);
   rpc InspectImage(InspectImageRequest) returns (InspectImageResponse);
   // InspectRemoteImage returns the image metadata for an image in a remote registry using the machine's
   // Docker auth credentials if necessary.
   rpc InspectRemoteImage(InspectRemoteImageRequest) returns (InspectRemoteImageResponse);
+  rpc ListImages(ListImagesRequest) returns (ListImagesResponse);
 
   rpc CreateVolume(CreateVolumeRequest) returns (CreateVolumeResponse);
   rpc ListVolumes(ListVolumesRequest) returns (ListVolumesResponse);
@@ -91,6 +96,64 @@ message RemoveContainerRequest {
   bytes options = 2;
 }
 
+message ExecContainerRequest {
+  oneof payload {
+    // Initial configuration for the exec session. Must be sent as the first message.
+    ExecConfig config = 1;
+    // Raw stdin data to be written to the exec process.
+    bytes stdin = 2;
+    // TTY resize event (only used when TTY is enabled).
+    ResizeEvent resize = 3;
+  }
+}
+
+message ExecConfig {
+  // Container ID to execute the command in.
+  string container_id = 1;
+  // JSON serialised ExecOptions
+  bytes options = 2;
+}
+
+message ResizeEvent {
+  uint32 height = 1;
+  uint32 width = 2;
+}
+
+message ExecContainerResponse {
+  oneof payload {
+    // Exec instance ID returned after creating the exec.
+    string exec_id = 1;
+    // Raw stdout data from the exec process.
+    bytes stdout = 2;
+    // Raw stderr data from the exec process (only when TTY is disabled).
+    bytes stderr = 3;
+    // Exit code of the exec process. Sent as the final message.
+    int32 exit_code = 4;
+  }
+}
+
+message ContainerLogsRequest {
+  string container_id = 1;
+  // Options for logs retrieval.
+  bool follow = 2;
+  int32 tail = 3; // -1 means all
+  string since = 4; // https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3339.html timestamp or Go duration string
+  string until = 5; // https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3339.html timestamp or Go duration string
+}
+
+message ContainerLogEntry {
+  enum StreamType {
+    UNKNOWN = 0;
+    STDOUT = 1;
+    STDERR = 2;
+    HEARTBEAT = 3;
+  }
+  StreamType stream = 1;
+  google.protobuf.Timestamp timestamp = 2;
+  // Log line content. Empty for heartbeat entries.
+  bytes message = 3;
+}
+
 message PullImageRequest {
   string image = 1;
   // JSON serialised image.PullOptions.
@@ -113,7 +176,7 @@ message InspectImageResponse {
 
 message Image {
   Metadata metadata = 1;
-  // JSON serialised types.ImageInspect.
+  // JSON serialised image.InspectResponse.
   bytes image = 2;
 }
 
@@ -134,6 +197,24 @@ message RemoteImage {
   bytes manifest = 3;
 }
 
+message ListImagesRequest {
+  // JSON serialised image.ListOptions.
+  bytes options = 1;
+}
+
+message ListImagesResponse {
+  // Must contain only one repeated messages field to allow broadcasting ListImages requests to multiple machines.
+  repeated MachineImages messages = 1;
+}
+
+message MachineImages {
+  Metadata metadata = 1;
+  // JSON serialised []image.Summary.
+  bytes images = 2;
+  // True if Docker uses the containerd image store, false if it uses its internal image store.
+  bool containerd_store = 3;
+}
+
 message CreateVolumeRequest {
   // JSON serialised volume.CreateOptions.
   bytes options = 1;

internal/machine/api/pb/docker_grpc.pb.go

@@ -26,9 +26,12 @@ const (
 	Docker_StopContainer_FullMethodName           = "/api.Docker/StopContainer"
 	Docker_ListContainers_FullMethodName          = "/api.Docker/ListContainers"
 	Docker_RemoveContainer_FullMethodName         = "/api.Docker/RemoveContainer"
+	Docker_ExecContainer_FullMethodName           = "/api.Docker/ExecContainer"
+	Docker_ContainerLogs_FullMethodName           = "/api.Docker/ContainerLogs"
 	Docker_PullImage_FullMethodName               = "/api.Docker/PullImage"
 	Docker_InspectImage_FullMethodName            = "/api.Docker/InspectImage"
 	Docker_InspectRemoteImage_FullMethodName      = "/api.Docker/InspectRemoteImage"
+	Docker_ListImages_FullMethodName              = "/api.Docker/ListImages"
 	Docker_CreateVolume_FullMethodName            = "/api.Docker/CreateVolume"
 	Docker_ListVolumes_FullMethodName             = "/api.Docker/ListVolumes"
 	Docker_RemoveVolume_FullMethodName            = "/api.Docker/RemoveVolume"
@@ -48,11 +51,14 @@ type DockerClient interface {
 	StopContainer(ctx context.Context, in *StopContainerRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*emptypb.Empty, error)
 	ListContainers(ctx context.Context, in *ListContainersRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*ListContainersResponse, error)
 	RemoveContainer(ctx context.Context, in *RemoveContainerRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*emptypb.Empty, error)
+	ExecContainer(ctx context.Context, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (grpc.BidiStreamingClient[ExecContainerRequest, ExecContainerResponse], error)
+	ContainerLogs(ctx context.Context, in *ContainerLogsRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (grpc.ServerStreamingClient[ContainerLogEntry], error)
 	PullImage(ctx context.Context, in *PullImageRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (grpc.ServerStreamingClient[JSONMessage], error)
 	InspectImage(ctx context.Context, in *InspectImageRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*InspectImageResponse, error)
 	// InspectRemoteImage returns the image metadata for an image in a remote registry using the machine's
 	// Docker auth credentials if necessary.
 	InspectRemoteImage(ctx context.Context, in *InspectRemoteImageRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*InspectRemoteImageResponse, error)
+	ListImages(ctx context.Context, in *ListImagesRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*ListImagesResponse, error)
 	CreateVolume(ctx context.Context, in *CreateVolumeRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*CreateVolumeResponse, error)
 	ListVolumes(ctx context.Context, in *ListVolumesRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*ListVolumesResponse, error)
 	RemoveVolume(ctx context.Context, in *RemoveVolumeRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*emptypb.Empty, error)
@@ -130,9 +136,41 @@ func (c *dockerClient) RemoveContainer(ctx context.Context, in *RemoveContainerR
 	return out, nil
 }
 
+func (c *dockerClient) ExecContainer(ctx context.Context, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (grpc.BidiStreamingClient[ExecContainerRequest, ExecContainerResponse], error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
+	stream, err := c.cc.NewStream(ctx, &Docker_ServiceDesc.Streams[0], Docker_ExecContainer_FullMethodName, cOpts...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	x := &grpc.GenericClientStream[ExecContainerRequest, ExecContainerResponse]{ClientStream: stream}
+	return x, nil
+}
+
+// This type alias is provided for backwards compatibility with existing code that references the prior non-generic stream type by name.
+type Docker_ExecContainerClient = grpc.BidiStreamingClient[ExecContainerRequest, ExecContainerResponse]
+
+func (c *dockerClient) ContainerLogs(ctx context.Context, in *ContainerLogsRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (grpc.ServerStreamingClient[ContainerLogEntry], error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
+	stream, err := c.cc.NewStream(ctx, &Docker_ServiceDesc.Streams[1], Docker_ContainerLogs_FullMethodName, cOpts...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	x := &grpc.GenericClientStream[ContainerLogsRequest, ContainerLogEntry]{ClientStream: stream}
+	if err := x.ClientStream.SendMsg(in); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if err := x.ClientStream.CloseSend(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return x, nil
+}
+
+// This type alias is provided for backwards compatibility with existing code that references the prior non-generic stream type by name.
+type Docker_ContainerLogsClient = grpc.ServerStreamingClient[ContainerLogEntry]
+
 func (c *dockerClient) PullImage(ctx context.Context, in *PullImageRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (grpc.ServerStreamingClient[JSONMessage], error) {
 	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
-	stream, err := c.cc.NewStream(ctx, &Docker_ServiceDesc.Streams[0], Docker_PullImage_FullMethodName, cOpts...)
+	stream, err := c.cc.NewStream(ctx, &Docker_ServiceDesc.Streams[2], Docker_PullImage_FullMethodName, cOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -169,6 +207,16 @@ func (c *dockerClient) InspectRemoteImage(ctx context.Context, in *InspectRemote
 	return out, nil
 }
 
+func (c *dockerClient) ListImages(ctx context.Context, in *ListImagesRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*ListImagesResponse, error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
+	out := new(ListImagesResponse)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, Docker_ListImages_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
 func (c *dockerClient) CreateVolume(ctx context.Context, in *CreateVolumeRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*CreateVolumeResponse, error) {
 	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
 	out := new(CreateVolumeResponse)
@@ -249,11 +297,14 @@ type DockerServer interface {
 	StopContainer(context.Context, *StopContainerRequest) (*emptypb.Empty, error)
 	ListContainers(context.Context, *ListContainersRequest) (*ListContainersResponse, error)
 	RemoveContainer(context.Context, *RemoveContainerRequest) (*emptypb.Empty, error)
+	ExecContainer(grpc.BidiStreamingServer[ExecContainerRequest, ExecContainerResponse]) error
+	ContainerLogs(*ContainerLogsRequest, grpc.ServerStreamingServer[ContainerLogEntry]) error
 	PullImage(*PullImageRequest, grpc.ServerStreamingServer[JSONMessage]) error
 	InspectImage(context.Context, *InspectImageRequest) (*InspectImageResponse, error)
 	// InspectRemoteImage returns the image metadata for an image in a remote registry using the machine's
 	// Docker auth credentials if necessary.
 	InspectRemoteImage(context.Context, *InspectRemoteImageRequest) (*InspectRemoteImageResponse, error)
+	ListImages(context.Context, *ListImagesRequest) (*ListImagesResponse, error)
 	CreateVolume(context.Context, *CreateVolumeRequest) (*CreateVolumeResponse, error)
 	ListVolumes(context.Context, *ListVolumesRequest) (*ListVolumesResponse, error)
 	RemoveVolume(context.Context, *RemoveVolumeRequest) (*emptypb.Empty, error)
@@ -289,6 +340,12 @@ func (UnimplementedDockerServer) ListContainers(context.Context, *ListContainers
 func (UnimplementedDockerServer) RemoveContainer(context.Context, *RemoveContainerRequest) (*emptypb.Empty, error) {
 	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method RemoveContainer not implemented")
 }
+func (UnimplementedDockerServer) ExecContainer(grpc.BidiStreamingServer[ExecContainerRequest, ExecContainerResponse]) error {
+	return status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method ExecContainer not implemented")
+}
+func (UnimplementedDockerServer) ContainerLogs(*ContainerLogsRequest, grpc.ServerStreamingServer[ContainerLogEntry]) error {
+	return status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method ContainerLogs not implemented")
+}
 func (UnimplementedDockerServer) PullImage(*PullImageRequest, grpc.ServerStreamingServer[JSONMessage]) error {
 	return status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method PullImage not implemented")
 }
@@ -298,6 +355,9 @@ func (UnimplementedDockerServer) InspectImage(context.Context, *InspectImageRequ
 func (UnimplementedDockerServer) InspectRemoteImage(context.Context, *InspectRemoteImageRequest) (*InspectRemoteImageResponse, error) {
 	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method InspectRemoteImage not implemented")
 }
+func (UnimplementedDockerServer) ListImages(context.Context, *ListImagesRequest) (*ListImagesResponse, error) {
+	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method ListImages not implemented")
+}
 func (UnimplementedDockerServer) CreateVolume(context.Context, *CreateVolumeRequest) (*CreateVolumeResponse, error) {
 	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method CreateVolume not implemented")
 }
@@ -448,6 +508,24 @@ func _Docker_RemoveContainer_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec f
 	return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)
 }
 
+func _Docker_ExecContainer_Handler(srv interface{}, stream grpc.ServerStream) error {
+	return srv.(DockerServer).ExecContainer(&grpc.GenericServerStream[ExecContainerRequest, ExecContainerResponse]{ServerStream: stream})
+}
+
+// This type alias is provided for backwards compatibility with existing code that references the prior non-generic stream type by name.
+type Docker_ExecContainerServer = grpc.BidiStreamingServer[ExecContainerRequest, ExecContainerResponse]
+
+func _Docker_ContainerLogs_Handler(srv interface{}, stream grpc.ServerStream) error {
+	m := new(ContainerLogsRequest)
+	if err := stream.RecvMsg(m); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return srv.(DockerServer).ContainerLogs(m, &grpc.GenericServerStream[ContainerLogsRequest, ContainerLogEntry]{ServerStream: stream})
+}
+
+// This type alias is provided for backwards compatibility with existing code that references the prior non-generic stream type by name.
+type Docker_ContainerLogsServer = grpc.ServerStreamingServer[ContainerLogEntry]
+
 func _Docker_PullImage_Handler(srv interface{}, stream grpc.ServerStream) error {
 	m := new(PullImageRequest)
 	if err := stream.RecvMsg(m); err != nil {
@@ -495,6 +573,24 @@ func _Docker_InspectRemoteImage_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, de
 	return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)
 }
 
+func _Docker_ListImages_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(interface{}) error, interceptor grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {
+	in := new(ListImagesRequest)
+	if err := dec(in); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if interceptor == nil {
+		return srv.(DockerServer).ListImages(ctx, in)
+	}
+	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
+		Server:     srv,
+		FullMethod: Docker_ListImages_FullMethodName,
+	}
+	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+		return srv.(DockerServer).ListImages(ctx, req.(*ListImagesRequest))
+	}
+	return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)
+}
+
 func _Docker_CreateVolume_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(interface{}) error, interceptor grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {
 	in := new(CreateVolumeRequest)
 	if err := dec(in); err != nil {
@@ -660,6 +756,10 @@ var Docker_ServiceDesc = grpc.ServiceDesc{
 			MethodName: "InspectRemoteImage",
 			Handler:    _Docker_InspectRemoteImage_Handler,
 		},
+		{
+			MethodName: "ListImages",
+			Handler:    _Docker_ListImages_Handler,
+		},
 		{
 			MethodName: "CreateVolume",
 			Handler:    _Docker_CreateVolume_Handler,
@@ -690,6 +790,17 @@ var Docker_ServiceDesc = grpc.ServiceDesc{
 		},
 	},
 	Streams: []grpc.StreamDesc{
+		{
+			StreamName:    "ExecContainer",
+			Handler:       _Docker_ExecContainer_Handler,
+			ServerStreams: true,
+			ClientStreams: true,
+		},
+		{
+			StreamName:    "ContainerLogs",
+			Handler:       _Docker_ContainerLogs_Handler,
+			ServerStreams: true,
+		},
 		{
 			StreamName:    "PullImage",
 			Handler:       _Docker_PullImage_Handler,

internal/machine/api/pb/machine.pb.go

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import (
 	protoreflect "google.golang.org/protobuf/reflect/protoreflect"
 	protoimpl "google.golang.org/protobuf/runtime/protoimpl"
 	emptypb "google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/emptypb"
+	timestamppb "google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/timestamppb"
 	reflect "reflect"
 	sync "sync"
 )
@@ -232,6 +233,8 @@ type InitClusterRequest struct {
 	//	*InitClusterRequest_PublicIp
 	//	*InitClusterRequest_PublicIpAuto
 	PublicIpConfig isInitClusterRequest_PublicIpConfig `protobuf_oneof:"public_ip_config"`
+	// Optional WireGuard endpoints other machines will use to connect to this machine instead of auto-discovered ones.
+	WireguardEndpoints []*IPPort `protobuf:"bytes,5,rep,name=wireguard_endpoints,json=wireguardEndpoints,proto3" json:"wireguard_endpoints,omitempty"`
 }
 
 func (x *InitClusterRequest) Reset() {
@@ -301,6 +304,13 @@ func (x *InitClusterRequest) GetPublicIpAuto() bool {
 	return false
 }
 
+func (x *InitClusterRequest) GetWireguardEndpoints() []*IPPort {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.WireguardEndpoints
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 type isInitClusterRequest_PublicIpConfig interface {
 	isInitClusterRequest_PublicIpConfig()
 }
@@ -371,6 +381,8 @@ type JoinClusterRequest struct {
 
 	Machine       *MachineInfo   `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=machine,proto3" json:"machine,omitempty"`
 	OtherMachines []*MachineInfo `protobuf:"bytes,3,rep,name=other_machines,json=otherMachines,proto3" json:"other_machines,omitempty"`
+	// Minimum store database version the new machine should sync to before starting cluster operations.
+	MinStoreDbVersion int64 `protobuf:"varint,4,opt,name=min_store_db_version,json=minStoreDbVersion,proto3" json:"min_store_db_version,omitempty"`
 }
 
 func (x *JoinClusterRequest) Reset() {
@@ -419,6 +431,125 @@ func (x *JoinClusterRequest) GetOtherMachines() []*MachineInfo {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (x *JoinClusterRequest) GetMinStoreDbVersion() int64 {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.MinStoreDbVersion
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+type InspectMachineResponse struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+
+	// Must contain only one repeated messages field to allow broadcasting InspectMachine requests to multiple machines.
+	Machines []*MachineDetails `protobuf:"bytes,1,rep,name=machines,proto3" json:"machines,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (x *InspectMachineResponse) Reset() {
+	*x = InspectMachineResponse{}
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
+		mi := &file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_msgTypes[6]
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+	}
+}
+
+func (x *InspectMachineResponse) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*InspectMachineResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *InspectMachineResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_msgTypes[6]
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use InspectMachineResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*InspectMachineResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{6}
+}
+
+func (x *InspectMachineResponse) GetMachines() []*MachineDetails {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Machines
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+type MachineDetails struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+
+	Metadata *Metadata    `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=metadata,proto3" json:"metadata,omitempty"`
+	Machine  *MachineInfo `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=machine,proto3" json:"machine,omitempty"`
+	// Current Corrosion cr-sqlite database version (Lamport timestamp) of the cluster store.
+	StoreDbVersion int64 `protobuf:"varint,3,opt,name=store_db_version,json=storeDbVersion,proto3" json:"store_db_version,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (x *MachineDetails) Reset() {
+	*x = MachineDetails{}
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
+		mi := &file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_msgTypes[7]
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+	}
+}
+
+func (x *MachineDetails) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*MachineDetails) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *MachineDetails) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_msgTypes[7]
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use MachineDetails.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*MachineDetails) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{7}
+}
+
+func (x *MachineDetails) GetMetadata() *Metadata {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Metadata
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *MachineDetails) GetMachine() *MachineInfo {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Machine
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *MachineDetails) GetStoreDbVersion() int64 {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.StoreDbVersion
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
 type TokenResponse struct {
 	state         protoimpl.MessageState
 	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
@@ -430,7 +561,7 @@ type TokenResponse struct {
 func (x *TokenResponse) Reset() {
 	*x = TokenResponse{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_msgTypes[6]
+		mi := &file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_msgTypes[8]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -443,7 +574,7 @@ func (x *TokenResponse) String() string {
 func (*TokenResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *TokenResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_msgTypes[6]
+	mi := &file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_msgTypes[8]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -456,7 +587,7 @@ func (x *TokenResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use TokenResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*TokenResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{6}
+	return file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{8}
 }
 
 func (x *TokenResponse) GetToken() string {
@@ -475,7 +606,7 @@ type ResetRequest struct {
 func (x *ResetRequest) Reset() {
 	*x = ResetRequest{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_msgTypes[7]
+		mi := &file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_msgTypes[9]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -488,7 +619,7 @@ func (x *ResetRequest) String() string {
 func (*ResetRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *ResetRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_msgTypes[7]
+	mi := &file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_msgTypes[9]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -501,7 +632,7 @@ func (x *ResetRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use ResetRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*ResetRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{7}
+	return file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{9}
 }
 
 type Service struct {
@@ -518,7 +649,7 @@ type Service struct {
 func (x *Service) Reset() {
 	*x = Service{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_msgTypes[8]
+		mi := &file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_msgTypes[10]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -531,7 +662,7 @@ func (x *Service) String() string {
 func (*Service) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *Service) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_msgTypes[8]
+	mi := &file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_msgTypes[10]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -544,7 +675,7 @@ func (x *Service) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use Service.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*Service) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{8}
+	return file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{10}
 }
 
 func (x *Service) GetId() string {
@@ -586,7 +717,7 @@ type InspectServiceRequest struct {
 func (x *InspectServiceRequest) Reset() {
 	*x = InspectServiceRequest{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_msgTypes[9]
+		mi := &file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_msgTypes[11]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -599,7 +730,7 @@ func (x *InspectServiceRequest) String() string {
 func (*InspectServiceRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *InspectServiceRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_msgTypes[9]
+	mi := &file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_msgTypes[11]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -612,7 +743,7 @@ func (x *InspectServiceRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use InspectServiceRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*InspectServiceRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{9}
+	return file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{11}
 }
 
 func (x *InspectServiceRequest) GetId() string {
@@ -633,7 +764,7 @@ type InspectServiceResponse struct {
 func (x *InspectServiceResponse) Reset() {
 	*x = InspectServiceResponse{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_msgTypes[10]
+		mi := &file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_msgTypes[12]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -646,7 +777,7 @@ func (x *InspectServiceResponse) String() string {
 func (*InspectServiceResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *InspectServiceResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_msgTypes[10]
+	mi := &file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_msgTypes[12]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -659,7 +790,7 @@ func (x *InspectServiceResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use InspectServiceResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*InspectServiceResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{10}
+	return file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{12}
 }
 
 func (x *InspectServiceResponse) GetService() *Service {
@@ -669,6 +800,164 @@ func (x *InspectServiceResponse) GetService() *Service {
 	return nil
 }
 
+type InspectWireGuardNetworkResponse struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+
+	InterfaceName string           `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=interface_name,json=interfaceName,proto3" json:"interface_name,omitempty"`
+	PublicKey     []byte           `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=public_key,json=publicKey,proto3" json:"public_key,omitempty"`
+	ListenPort    int32            `protobuf:"varint,3,opt,name=listen_port,json=listenPort,proto3" json:"listen_port,omitempty"`
+	Peers         []*WireGuardPeer `protobuf:"bytes,4,rep,name=peers,proto3" json:"peers,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (x *InspectWireGuardNetworkResponse) Reset() {
+	*x = InspectWireGuardNetworkResponse{}
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
+		mi := &file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_msgTypes[13]
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+	}
+}
+
+func (x *InspectWireGuardNetworkResponse) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*InspectWireGuardNetworkResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *InspectWireGuardNetworkResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_msgTypes[13]
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use InspectWireGuardNetworkResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*InspectWireGuardNetworkResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{13}
+}
+
+func (x *InspectWireGuardNetworkResponse) GetInterfaceName() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.InterfaceName
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *InspectWireGuardNetworkResponse) GetPublicKey() []byte {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.PublicKey
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *InspectWireGuardNetworkResponse) GetListenPort() int32 {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.ListenPort
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+func (x *InspectWireGuardNetworkResponse) GetPeers() []*WireGuardPeer {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Peers
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+type WireGuardPeer struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+
+	PublicKey         []byte                 `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=public_key,json=publicKey,proto3" json:"public_key,omitempty"`
+	Endpoint          string                 `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=endpoint,proto3" json:"endpoint,omitempty"`
+	LastHandshakeTime *timestamppb.Timestamp `protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=last_handshake_time,json=lastHandshakeTime,proto3" json:"last_handshake_time,omitempty"`
+	ReceiveBytes      int64                  `protobuf:"varint,4,opt,name=receive_bytes,json=receiveBytes,proto3" json:"receive_bytes,omitempty"`
+	TransmitBytes     int64                  `protobuf:"varint,5,opt,name=transmit_bytes,json=transmitBytes,proto3" json:"transmit_bytes,omitempty"`
+	AllowedIps        []string               `protobuf:"bytes,6,rep,name=allowed_ips,json=allowedIps,proto3" json:"allowed_ips,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (x *WireGuardPeer) Reset() {
+	*x = WireGuardPeer{}
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
+		mi := &file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_msgTypes[14]
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+	}
+}
+
+func (x *WireGuardPeer) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*WireGuardPeer) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *WireGuardPeer) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_msgTypes[14]
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use WireGuardPeer.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*WireGuardPeer) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{14}
+}
+
+func (x *WireGuardPeer) GetPublicKey() []byte {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.PublicKey
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *WireGuardPeer) GetEndpoint() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Endpoint
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *WireGuardPeer) GetLastHandshakeTime() *timestamppb.Timestamp {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.LastHandshakeTime
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *WireGuardPeer) GetReceiveBytes() int64 {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.ReceiveBytes
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+func (x *WireGuardPeer) GetTransmitBytes() int64 {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.TransmitBytes
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+func (x *WireGuardPeer) GetAllowedIps() []string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.AllowedIps
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 type Service_Container struct {
 	state         protoimpl.MessageState
 	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
@@ -682,7 +971,7 @@ type Service_Container struct {
 func (x *Service_Container) Reset() {
 	*x = Service_Container{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_msgTypes[11]
+		mi := &file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_msgTypes[15]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -695,7 +984,7 @@ func (x *Service_Container) String() string {
 func (*Service_Container) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *Service_Container) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_msgTypes[11]
+	mi := &file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_msgTypes[15]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -708,7 +997,7 @@ func (x *Service_Container) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use Service_Container.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*Service_Container) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{8, 0}
+	return file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{10, 0}
 }
 
 func (x *Service_Container) GetMachineId() string {
@@ -732,58 +1021,81 @@ var file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_rawDesc = []byte{
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+	0x74, 0x79, 0x1a, 0x1b, 0x2e, 0x61, 0x70, 0x69, 0x2e, 0x49, 0x6e, 0x73, 0x70, 0x65, 0x63, 0x74,
+	0x4d, 0x61, 0x63, 0x68, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x65, 0x52, 0x65, 0x73, 0x70, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x73, 0x65, 0x12,
+	0x57, 0x0a, 0x17, 0x49, 0x6e, 0x73, 0x70, 0x65, 0x63, 0x74, 0x57, 0x69, 0x72, 0x65, 0x47, 0x75,
+	0x61, 0x72, 0x64, 0x4e, 0x65, 0x74, 0x77, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x6b, 0x12, 0x16, 0x2e, 0x67, 0x6f, 0x6f,
+	0x67, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x2e, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x62, 0x75, 0x66, 0x2e, 0x45, 0x6d, 0x70,
+	0x74, 0x79, 0x1a, 0x24, 0x2e, 0x61, 0x70, 0x69, 0x2e, 0x49, 0x6e, 0x73, 0x70, 0x65, 0x63, 0x74,
+	0x57, 0x69, 0x72, 0x65, 0x47, 0x75, 0x61, 0x72, 0x64, 0x4e, 0x65, 0x74, 0x77, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x6b,
+	0x52, 0x65, 0x73, 0x70, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x73, 0x65, 0x12, 0x32, 0x0a, 0x05, 0x52, 0x65, 0x73, 0x65,
+	0x74, 0x12, 0x11, 0x2e, 0x61, 0x70, 0x69, 0x2e, 0x52, 0x65, 0x73, 0x65, 0x74, 0x52, 0x65, 0x71,
+	0x75, 0x65, 0x73, 0x74, 0x1a, 0x16, 0x2e, 0x67, 0x6f, 0x6f, 0x67, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x2e, 0x70, 0x72,
+	0x6f, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x62, 0x75, 0x66, 0x2e, 0x45, 0x6d, 0x70, 0x74, 0x79, 0x12, 0x49, 0x0a, 0x0e,
+	0x49, 0x6e, 0x73, 0x70, 0x65, 0x63, 0x74, 0x53, 0x65, 0x72, 0x76, 0x69, 0x63, 0x65, 0x12, 0x1a,
+	0x2e, 0x61, 0x70, 0x69, 0x2e, 0x49, 0x6e, 0x73, 0x70, 0x65, 0x63, 0x74, 0x53, 0x65, 0x72, 0x76,
+	0x69, 0x63, 0x65, 0x52, 0x65, 0x71, 0x75, 0x65, 0x73, 0x74, 0x1a, 0x1b, 0x2e, 0x61, 0x70, 0x69,
+	0x2e, 0x49, 0x6e, 0x73, 0x70, 0x65, 0x63, 0x74, 0x53, 0x65, 0x72, 0x76, 0x69, 0x63, 0x65, 0x52,
+	0x65, 0x73, 0x70, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x73, 0x65, 0x42, 0x37, 0x5a, 0x35, 0x67, 0x69, 0x74, 0x68, 0x75,
+	0x62, 0x2e, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x2f, 0x70, 0x73, 0x76, 0x69, 0x64, 0x65, 0x72, 0x73, 0x6b, 0x69,
+	0x2f, 0x75, 0x6e, 0x63, 0x6c, 0x6f, 0x75, 0x64, 0x2f, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x74, 0x65, 0x72, 0x6e, 0x61,
+	0x6c, 0x2f, 0x6d, 0x61, 0x63, 0x68, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x65, 0x2f, 0x61, 0x70, 0x69, 0x2f, 0x70, 0x62,
+	0x62, 0x06, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x33,
 }
 
 var (
@@ -853,7 +1203,7 @@ func file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_rawDescGZIP() []byte {
 	return file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_rawDescData
 }
 
-var file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_msgTypes = make([]protoimpl.MessageInfo, 12)
+var file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_msgTypes = make([]protoimpl.MessageInfo, 16)
 var file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_goTypes = []any{
 	(*MachineInfo)(nil),                     // 0: api.MachineInfo
 	(*NetworkConfig)(nil),                   // 1: api.NetworkConfig
@@ -861,49 +1211,65 @@ var file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_goTypes = []any{
 	(*InitClusterRequest)(nil),              // 3: api.InitClusterRequest
 	(*InitClusterResponse)(nil),             // 4: api.InitClusterResponse
 	(*JoinClusterRequest)(nil),              // 5: api.JoinClusterRequest
-	(*TokenResponse)(nil),              // 6: api.TokenResponse
-	(*ResetRequest)(nil),               // 7: api.ResetRequest
-	(*Service)(nil),                    // 8: api.Service
-	(*InspectServiceRequest)(nil),      // 9: api.InspectServiceRequest
-	(*InspectServiceResponse)(nil),     // 10: api.InspectServiceResponse
-	(*Service_Container)(nil),          // 11: api.Service.Container
-	(*IP)(nil),                         // 12: api.IP
-	(*IPPrefix)(nil),                   // 13: api.IPPrefix
-	(*IPPort)(nil),                     // 14: api.IPPort
-	(*emptypb.Empty)(nil),              // 15: google.protobuf.Empty
+	(*InspectMachineResponse)(nil),          // 6: api.InspectMachineResponse
+	(*MachineDetails)(nil),                  // 7: api.MachineDetails
+	(*TokenResponse)(nil),                   // 8: api.TokenResponse
+	(*ResetRequest)(nil),                    // 9: api.ResetRequest
+	(*Service)(nil),                         // 10: api.Service
+	(*InspectServiceRequest)(nil),           // 11: api.InspectServiceRequest
+	(*InspectServiceResponse)(nil),          // 12: api.InspectServiceResponse
+	(*InspectWireGuardNetworkResponse)(nil), // 13: api.InspectWireGuardNetworkResponse
+	(*WireGuardPeer)(nil),                   // 14: api.WireGuardPeer
+	(*Service_Container)(nil),               // 15: api.Service.Container
+	(*IP)(nil),                              // 16: api.IP
+	(*IPPrefix)(nil),                        // 17: api.IPPrefix
+	(*IPPort)(nil),                          // 18: api.IPPort
+	(*Metadata)(nil),                        // 19: api.Metadata
+	(*timestamppb.Timestamp)(nil),           // 20: google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	(*emptypb.Empty)(nil),                   // 21: google.protobuf.Empty
 }
 var file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_depIdxs = []int32{
 	1,  // 0: api.MachineInfo.network:type_name -> api.NetworkConfig
-	12, // 1: api.MachineInfo.public_ip:type_name -> api.IP
-	13, // 2: api.NetworkConfig.subnet:type_name -> api.IPPrefix
-	12, // 3: api.NetworkConfig.management_ip:type_name -> api.IP
-	14, // 4: api.NetworkConfig.endpoints:type_name -> api.IPPort
-	13, // 5: api.InitClusterRequest.network:type_name -> api.IPPrefix
-	12, // 6: api.InitClusterRequest.public_ip:type_name -> api.IP
-	0,  // 7: api.InitClusterResponse.machine:type_name -> api.MachineInfo
-	0,  // 8: api.JoinClusterRequest.machine:type_name -> api.MachineInfo
-	0,  // 9: api.JoinClusterRequest.other_machines:type_name -> api.MachineInfo
-	11, // 10: api.Service.containers:type_name -> api.Service.Container
-	8,  // 11: api.InspectServiceResponse.service:type_name -> api.Service
-	15, // 12: api.Machine.CheckPrerequisites:input_type -> google.protobuf.Empty
-	3,  // 13: api.Machine.InitCluster:input_type -> api.InitClusterRequest
-	5,  // 14: api.Machine.JoinCluster:input_type -> api.JoinClusterRequest
-	15, // 15: api.Machine.Token:input_type -> google.protobuf.Empty
-	15, // 16: api.Machine.Inspect:input_type -> google.protobuf.Empty
-	7,  // 17: api.Machine.Reset:input_type -> api.ResetRequest
-	9,  // 18: api.Machine.InspectService:input_type -> api.InspectServiceRequest
-	2,  // 19: api.Machine.CheckPrerequisites:output_type -> api.CheckPrerequisitesResponse
-	4,  // 20: api.Machine.InitCluster:output_type -> api.InitClusterResponse
-	15, // 21: api.Machine.JoinCluster:output_type -> google.protobuf.Empty
-	6,  // 22: api.Machine.Token:output_type -> api.TokenResponse
-	0,  // 23: api.Machine.Inspect:output_type -> api.MachineInfo
-	15, // 24: api.Machine.Reset:output_type -> google.protobuf.Empty
-	10, // 25: api.Machine.InspectService:output_type -> api.InspectServiceResponse
-	19, // [19:26] is the sub-list for method output_type
-	12, // [12:19] is the sub-list for method input_type
-	12, // [12:12] is the sub-list for extension type_name
-	12, // [12:12] is the sub-list for extension extendee
-	0,  // [0:12] is the sub-list for field type_name
+	16, // 1: api.MachineInfo.public_ip:type_name -> api.IP
+	17, // 2: api.NetworkConfig.subnet:type_name -> api.IPPrefix
+	16, // 3: api.NetworkConfig.management_ip:type_name -> api.IP
+	18, // 4: api.NetworkConfig.endpoints:type_name -> api.IPPort
+	17, // 5: api.InitClusterRequest.network:type_name -> api.IPPrefix
+	16, // 6: api.InitClusterRequest.public_ip:type_name -> api.IP
+	18, // 7: api.InitClusterRequest.wireguard_endpoints:type_name -> api.IPPort
+	0,  // 8: api.InitClusterResponse.machine:type_name -> api.MachineInfo
+	0,  // 9: api.JoinClusterRequest.machine:type_name -> api.MachineInfo
+	0,  // 10: api.JoinClusterRequest.other_machines:type_name -> api.MachineInfo
+	7,  // 11: api.InspectMachineResponse.machines:type_name -> api.MachineDetails
+	19, // 12: api.MachineDetails.metadata:type_name -> api.Metadata
+	0,  // 13: api.MachineDetails.machine:type_name -> api.MachineInfo
+	15, // 14: api.Service.containers:type_name -> api.Service.Container
+	10, // 15: api.InspectServiceResponse.service:type_name -> api.Service
+	14, // 16: api.InspectWireGuardNetworkResponse.peers:type_name -> api.WireGuardPeer
+	20, // 17: api.WireGuardPeer.last_handshake_time:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	21, // 18: api.Machine.CheckPrerequisites:input_type -> google.protobuf.Empty
+	3,  // 19: api.Machine.InitCluster:input_type -> api.InitClusterRequest
+	5,  // 20: api.Machine.JoinCluster:input_type -> api.JoinClusterRequest
+	21, // 21: api.Machine.Token:input_type -> google.protobuf.Empty
+	21, // 22: api.Machine.Inspect:input_type -> google.protobuf.Empty
+	21, // 23: api.Machine.InspectMachine:input_type -> google.protobuf.Empty
+	21, // 24: api.Machine.InspectWireGuardNetwork:input_type -> google.protobuf.Empty
+	9,  // 25: api.Machine.Reset:input_type -> api.ResetRequest
+	11, // 26: api.Machine.InspectService:input_type -> api.InspectServiceRequest
+	2,  // 27: api.Machine.CheckPrerequisites:output_type -> api.CheckPrerequisitesResponse
+	4,  // 28: api.Machine.InitCluster:output_type -> api.InitClusterResponse
+	21, // 29: api.Machine.JoinCluster:output_type -> google.protobuf.Empty
+	8,  // 30: api.Machine.Token:output_type -> api.TokenResponse
+	0,  // 31: api.Machine.Inspect:output_type -> api.MachineInfo
+	6,  // 32: api.Machine.InspectMachine:output_type -> api.InspectMachineResponse
+	13, // 33: api.Machine.InspectWireGuardNetwork:output_type -> api.InspectWireGuardNetworkResponse
+	21, // 34: api.Machine.Reset:output_type -> google.protobuf.Empty
+	12, // 35: api.Machine.InspectService:output_type -> api.InspectServiceResponse
+	27, // [27:36] is the sub-list for method output_type
+	18, // [18:27] is the sub-list for method input_type
+	18, // [18:18] is the sub-list for extension type_name
+	18, // [18:18] is the sub-list for extension extendee
+	0,  // [0:18] is the sub-list for field type_name
 }
 
 func init() { file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_init() }
@@ -986,7 +1352,7 @@ func file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_msgTypes[6].Exporter = func(v any, i int) any {
-			switch v := v.(*TokenResponse); i {
+			switch v := v.(*InspectMachineResponse); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -998,7 +1364,7 @@ func file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_msgTypes[7].Exporter = func(v any, i int) any {
-			switch v := v.(*ResetRequest); i {
+			switch v := v.(*MachineDetails); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -1010,7 +1376,7 @@ func file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_msgTypes[8].Exporter = func(v any, i int) any {
-			switch v := v.(*Service); i {
+			switch v := v.(*TokenResponse); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -1022,7 +1388,7 @@ func file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_msgTypes[9].Exporter = func(v any, i int) any {
-			switch v := v.(*InspectServiceRequest); i {
+			switch v := v.(*ResetRequest); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -1034,7 +1400,7 @@ func file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_msgTypes[10].Exporter = func(v any, i int) any {
-			switch v := v.(*InspectServiceResponse); i {
+			switch v := v.(*Service); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -1046,6 +1412,54 @@ func file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_msgTypes[11].Exporter = func(v any, i int) any {
+			switch v := v.(*InspectServiceRequest); i {
+			case 0:
+				return &v.state
+			case 1:
+				return &v.sizeCache
+			case 2:
+				return &v.unknownFields
+			default:
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+		file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_msgTypes[12].Exporter = func(v any, i int) any {
+			switch v := v.(*InspectServiceResponse); i {
+			case 0:
+				return &v.state
+			case 1:
+				return &v.sizeCache
+			case 2:
+				return &v.unknownFields
+			default:
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+		file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_msgTypes[13].Exporter = func(v any, i int) any {
+			switch v := v.(*InspectWireGuardNetworkResponse); i {
+			case 0:
+				return &v.state
+			case 1:
+				return &v.sizeCache
+			case 2:
+				return &v.unknownFields
+			default:
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+		file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_msgTypes[14].Exporter = func(v any, i int) any {
+			switch v := v.(*WireGuardPeer); i {
+			case 0:
+				return &v.state
+			case 1:
+				return &v.sizeCache
+			case 2:
+				return &v.unknownFields
+			default:
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+		file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_msgTypes[15].Exporter = func(v any, i int) any {
 			switch v := v.(*Service_Container); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
@@ -1068,7 +1482,7 @@ func file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_init() {
 			GoPackagePath: reflect.TypeOf(x{}).PkgPath(),
 			RawDescriptor: file_internal_machine_api_pb_machine_proto_rawDesc,
 			NumEnums:      0,
-			NumMessages:   12,
+			NumMessages:   16,
 			NumExtensions: 0,
 			NumServices:   1,
 		},

internal/machine/api/pb/machine.proto

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ package api;
 option go_package = "github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/machine/api/pb";
 
 import "google/protobuf/empty.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/timestamp.proto";
 import "internal/machine/api/pb/common.proto";
 
 service Machine {
@@ -13,7 +14,12 @@ service Machine {
   rpc InitCluster(InitClusterRequest) returns (InitClusterResponse);
   rpc JoinCluster(JoinClusterRequest) returns (google.protobuf.Empty);
   rpc Token(google.protobuf.Empty) returns (TokenResponse);
+  // Deprecated: use InspectMachine instead.
   rpc Inspect(google.protobuf.Empty) returns (MachineInfo);
+  // InspectMachine retrieves detailed information about the machine. Supports broadcasting to multiple machines.
+  rpc InspectMachine(google.protobuf.Empty) returns (InspectMachineResponse);
+  // InspectWireGuardNetwork retrieves the current WireGuard network configuration and peer status.
+  rpc InspectWireGuardNetwork(google.protobuf.Empty) returns (InspectWireGuardNetworkResponse);
   // Reset restores the machine to a clean state, removing all cluster-related configuration and data.
   rpc Reset(ResetRequest) returns (google.protobuf.Empty);
 
@@ -49,6 +55,9 @@ message InitClusterRequest {
     IP public_ip = 3;
     bool public_ip_auto = 4;
   }
+
+  // Optional WireGuard endpoints other machines will use to connect to this machine instead of auto-discovered ones.
+  repeated IPPort wireguard_endpoints = 5;
 }
 
 message InitClusterResponse {
@@ -58,6 +67,20 @@ message InitClusterResponse {
 message JoinClusterRequest {
   MachineInfo machine = 1;
   repeated MachineInfo other_machines = 3;
+  // Minimum store database version the new machine should sync to before starting cluster operations.
+  int64 min_store_db_version = 4;
+}
+
+message InspectMachineResponse {
+  // Must contain only one repeated messages field to allow broadcasting InspectMachine requests to multiple machines.
+  repeated MachineDetails machines = 1;
+}
+
+message MachineDetails {
+  Metadata metadata = 1;
+  MachineInfo machine = 2;
+  // Current Corrosion cr-sqlite database version (Lamport timestamp) of the cluster store.
+  int64 store_db_version = 3;
 }
 
 message TokenResponse {
@@ -88,3 +111,19 @@ message InspectServiceRequest {
 message InspectServiceResponse {
   Service service = 1;
 }
+
+message InspectWireGuardNetworkResponse {
+  string interface_name = 1;
+  bytes public_key = 2;
+  int32 listen_port = 3;
+  repeated WireGuardPeer peers = 4;
+}
+
+message WireGuardPeer {
+  bytes public_key = 1;
+  string endpoint = 2;
+  google.protobuf.Timestamp last_handshake_time = 3;
+  int64 receive_bytes = 4;
+  int64 transmit_bytes = 5;
+  repeated string allowed_ips = 6;
+}

internal/machine/api/pb/machine_grpc.pb.go

@@ -25,6 +25,8 @@ const (
 	Machine_JoinCluster_FullMethodName             = "/api.Machine/JoinCluster"
 	Machine_Token_FullMethodName                   = "/api.Machine/Token"
 	Machine_Inspect_FullMethodName                 = "/api.Machine/Inspect"
+	Machine_InspectMachine_FullMethodName          = "/api.Machine/InspectMachine"
+	Machine_InspectWireGuardNetwork_FullMethodName = "/api.Machine/InspectWireGuardNetwork"
 	Machine_Reset_FullMethodName                   = "/api.Machine/Reset"
 	Machine_InspectService_FullMethodName          = "/api.Machine/InspectService"
 )
@@ -38,7 +40,12 @@ type MachineClient interface {
 	InitCluster(ctx context.Context, in *InitClusterRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*InitClusterResponse, error)
 	JoinCluster(ctx context.Context, in *JoinClusterRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*emptypb.Empty, error)
 	Token(ctx context.Context, in *emptypb.Empty, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*TokenResponse, error)
+	// Deprecated: use InspectMachine instead.
 	Inspect(ctx context.Context, in *emptypb.Empty, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*MachineInfo, error)
+	// InspectMachine retrieves detailed information about the machine. Supports broadcasting to multiple machines.
+	InspectMachine(ctx context.Context, in *emptypb.Empty, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*InspectMachineResponse, error)
+	// InspectWireGuardNetwork retrieves the current WireGuard network configuration and peer status.
+	InspectWireGuardNetwork(ctx context.Context, in *emptypb.Empty, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*InspectWireGuardNetworkResponse, error)
 	// Reset restores the machine to a clean state, removing all cluster-related configuration and data.
 	Reset(ctx context.Context, in *ResetRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*emptypb.Empty, error)
 	InspectService(ctx context.Context, in *InspectServiceRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*InspectServiceResponse, error)
@@ -102,6 +109,26 @@ func (c *machineClient) Inspect(ctx context.Context, in *emptypb.Empty, opts ...
 	return out, nil
 }
 
+func (c *machineClient) InspectMachine(ctx context.Context, in *emptypb.Empty, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*InspectMachineResponse, error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
+	out := new(InspectMachineResponse)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, Machine_InspectMachine_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+func (c *machineClient) InspectWireGuardNetwork(ctx context.Context, in *emptypb.Empty, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*InspectWireGuardNetworkResponse, error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
+	out := new(InspectWireGuardNetworkResponse)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, Machine_InspectWireGuardNetwork_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
 func (c *machineClient) Reset(ctx context.Context, in *ResetRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*emptypb.Empty, error) {
 	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
 	out := new(emptypb.Empty)
@@ -131,7 +158,12 @@ type MachineServer interface {
 	InitCluster(context.Context, *InitClusterRequest) (*InitClusterResponse, error)
 	JoinCluster(context.Context, *JoinClusterRequest) (*emptypb.Empty, error)
 	Token(context.Context, *emptypb.Empty) (*TokenResponse, error)
+	// Deprecated: use InspectMachine instead.
 	Inspect(context.Context, *emptypb.Empty) (*MachineInfo, error)
+	// InspectMachine retrieves detailed information about the machine. Supports broadcasting to multiple machines.
+	InspectMachine(context.Context, *emptypb.Empty) (*InspectMachineResponse, error)
+	// InspectWireGuardNetwork retrieves the current WireGuard network configuration and peer status.
+	InspectWireGuardNetwork(context.Context, *emptypb.Empty) (*InspectWireGuardNetworkResponse, error)
 	// Reset restores the machine to a clean state, removing all cluster-related configuration and data.
 	Reset(context.Context, *ResetRequest) (*emptypb.Empty, error)
 	InspectService(context.Context, *InspectServiceRequest) (*InspectServiceResponse, error)
@@ -160,6 +192,12 @@ func (UnimplementedMachineServer) Token(context.Context, *emptypb.Empty) (*Token
 func (UnimplementedMachineServer) Inspect(context.Context, *emptypb.Empty) (*MachineInfo, error) {
 	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method Inspect not implemented")
 }
+func (UnimplementedMachineServer) InspectMachine(context.Context, *emptypb.Empty) (*InspectMachineResponse, error) {
+	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method InspectMachine not implemented")
+}
+func (UnimplementedMachineServer) InspectWireGuardNetwork(context.Context, *emptypb.Empty) (*InspectWireGuardNetworkResponse, error) {
+	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method InspectWireGuardNetwork not implemented")
+}
 func (UnimplementedMachineServer) Reset(context.Context, *ResetRequest) (*emptypb.Empty, error) {
 	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method Reset not implemented")
 }
@@ -277,6 +315,42 @@ func _Machine_Inspect_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(int
 	return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)
 }
 
+func _Machine_InspectMachine_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(interface{}) error, interceptor grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {
+	in := new(emptypb.Empty)
+	if err := dec(in); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if interceptor == nil {
+		return srv.(MachineServer).InspectMachine(ctx, in)
+	}
+	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
+		Server:     srv,
+		FullMethod: Machine_InspectMachine_FullMethodName,
+	}
+	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+		return srv.(MachineServer).InspectMachine(ctx, req.(*emptypb.Empty))
+	}
+	return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)
+}
+
+func _Machine_InspectWireGuardNetwork_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(interface{}) error, interceptor grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {
+	in := new(emptypb.Empty)
+	if err := dec(in); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if interceptor == nil {
+		return srv.(MachineServer).InspectWireGuardNetwork(ctx, in)
+	}
+	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
+		Server:     srv,
+		FullMethod: Machine_InspectWireGuardNetwork_FullMethodName,
+	}
+	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+		return srv.(MachineServer).InspectWireGuardNetwork(ctx, req.(*emptypb.Empty))
+	}
+	return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)
+}
+
 func _Machine_Reset_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(interface{}) error, interceptor grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {
 	in := new(ResetRequest)
 	if err := dec(in); err != nil {
@@ -340,6 +414,14 @@ var Machine_ServiceDesc = grpc.ServiceDesc{
 			MethodName: "Inspect",
 			Handler:    _Machine_Inspect_Handler,
 		},
+		{
+			MethodName: "InspectMachine",
+			Handler:    _Machine_InspectMachine_Handler,
+		},
+		{
+			MethodName: "InspectWireGuardNetwork",
+			Handler:    _Machine_InspectWireGuardNetwork_Handler,
+		},
 		{
 			MethodName: "Reset",
 			Handler:    _Machine_Reset_Handler,

internal/machine/api/proxy/director.go

@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ func (d *Director) remoteBackend(addr string) (*RemoteBackend, error) {
 
 // FlushRemoteBackends closes all remote backend connections and removes them from the cache.
 func (d *Director) FlushRemoteBackends() {
-	d.remoteBackends.Range(func(key, value interface{}) bool {
+	d.remoteBackends.Range(func(key, value any) bool {
 		backend, ok := value.(*RemoteBackend)
 		if !ok {
 			return true

internal/machine/api/proxy/remote.go

@@ -80,6 +80,8 @@ func (b *RemoteBackend) GetConnection(ctx context.Context, _ string) (context.Co
 	backoffConfig.MaxDelay = 15 * time.Second
 
 	var err error
+	// This client keeps retrying connection in the background indefinitely even after the first connection fails
+	// and the Unavailable error is returned to the caller.
 	b.conn, err = grpc.NewClient(
 		b.target,
 		grpc.WithTransportCredentials(insecure.NewCredentials()),
@@ -88,7 +90,7 @@ func (b *RemoteBackend) GetConnection(ctx context.Context, _ string) (context.Co
 			// Not published as a constant in gRPC library.
 			// See: https://github.com/grpc/grpc-go/blob/d5dee5fdbdeb52f6ea10b37b2cc7ce37814642d7/clientconn.go#L55-L56
 			// Each connection attempt can take up to MinConnectTimeout.
-			MinConnectTimeout: 20 * time.Second,
+			MinConnectTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
 		}),
 		grpc.WithDefaultCallOptions(
 			grpc.ForceCodecV2(proxy.Codec()),

internal/machine/caddyconfig/caddyfile.go

@@ -12,14 +12,16 @@ import (
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"text/template"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/machine/store"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/api"
 )
 
 const (
-	caddyfileHeader = `# This file is autogenerated by Uncloud based on the configuration of running services.
-# Do not edit manually. Any manual changes will be overwritten on the next update.
+	caddyfileHeaderFmt = `# Caddyfile autogenerated by Uncloud (DO NOT EDIT): %s
+# Automatically updated on service or health status changes.
+# Docs: https://uncloud.run/docs/concepts/ingress/overview
 `
 	caddyfileTemplate = `# Health check endpoint to verify Caddy reachability on this machine.
 http:// {
@@ -54,6 +56,11 @@ https://{{$hostname}} {
 	}
 	log
 }{{end}}
+`
+	caddyfileUnavailabeFooter = `# NOTE: User-defined configs for services were skipped because Caddy is not running on this machine
+#       (not accessible via the shared admin socket /run/uncloud/caddy/admin.sock) or the latest
+#       generated config is invalid. Please check the service 'caddy' is running (uc inspect caddy)
+#       and its logs for more details (uc logs caddy).
 `
 )
 
@@ -95,7 +102,11 @@ func NewCaddyfileGenerator(machineID string, validator CaddyfileValidator, log *
 //	[service-a x-caddy]
 //	...
 //	[service-z x-caddy]
-func (g *CaddyfileGenerator) Generate(ctx context.Context, records []store.ContainerRecord) (string, error) {
+//
+// If includeCustom is false, custom Caddy configs (x-caddy) are not included in the generated Caddyfile.
+func (g *CaddyfileGenerator) Generate(
+	ctx context.Context, records []store.ContainerRecord, includeCustom bool,
+) (string, error) {
 	containers := make([]api.ServiceContainer, len(records))
 	for i, cr := range records {
 		containers[i] = cr.Container
@@ -113,6 +124,11 @@ func (g *CaddyfileGenerator) Generate(ctx context.Context, records []store.Conta
 		return "", fmt.Errorf("generate base Caddyfile from service ports: %w", err)
 	}
 
+	caddyfileHeader := fmt.Sprintf(caddyfileHeaderFmt, time.Now().UTC().Format(time.RFC3339))
+	if !includeCustom {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%s\n%s\n%s", caddyfileHeader, caddyfile, caddyfileUnavailabeFooter), nil
+	}
+
 	upstreams := serviceUpstreams(containers)
 	// Track validation errors for reporting.
 	var configErrors []string
@@ -210,12 +226,13 @@ func (g *CaddyfileGenerator) Generate(ctx context.Context, records []store.Conta
 
 	// Append error summary as comment if there were any invalid configs.
 	if len(configErrors) > 0 {
-		errorsComment := "# Skipped invalid user-defined configs:\n"
+		var errorsComment strings.Builder
+		errorsComment.WriteString("# Skipped invalid user-defined configs:\n")
 		for _, e := range configErrors {
-			errorsComment += fmt.Sprintf("# - %s\n", e)
+			errorsComment.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("# - %s\n", e))
 		}
 
-		caddyfile += "\n" + errorsComment
+		caddyfile += "\n" + errorsComment.String()
 	}
 
 	return caddyfileHeader + "\n" + caddyfile, nil

internal/machine/caddyconfig/caddyfile_test.go

@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@ package caddyconfig
 import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
+	"regexp"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types"
 	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/container"
 	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/network"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/machine/docker"
@@ -18,9 +18,17 @@ import (
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
-func TestCaddyfileGenerator(t *testing.T) {
-	caddyfileHeader := `# This file is autogenerated by Uncloud based on the configuration of running services.
-# Do not edit manually. Any manual changes will be overwritten on the next update.
+// generatedTimestampRegex matches the "(DO NOT EDIT): <RFC3339 timestamp>" part of the header.
+var generatedTimestampRegex = regexp.MustCompile(`\(DO NOT EDIT\): \d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}T\d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2}Z`)
+
+// normaliseGeneratedTimestamp replaces dynamic timestamps with a placeholder for test comparison.
+func normaliseGeneratedTimestamp(caddyfile string) string {
+	return generatedTimestampRegex.ReplaceAllString(caddyfile, "(DO NOT EDIT): TIMESTAMP_PLACEHOLDER")
+}
+
+const testCaddyfileHeader = `# Caddyfile autogenerated by Uncloud (DO NOT EDIT): TIMESTAMP_PLACEHOLDER
+# Automatically updated on service or health status changes.
+# Docs: https://uncloud.run/docs/concepts/ingress/overview
 
 # Health check endpoint to verify Caddy reachability on this machine.
 http:// {
@@ -38,6 +46,7 @@ http:// {
 }
 `
 
+func TestCaddyfileGenerator(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		name       string
 		containers []store.ContainerRecord
@@ -47,14 +56,14 @@ http:// {
 		{
 			name:       "empty containers",
 			containers: []store.ContainerRecord{},
-			want:       caddyfileHeader,
+			want:       testCaddyfileHeader,
 		},
 		{
 			name: "HTTP container",
 			containers: []store.ContainerRecord{
 				newContainerRecord(newContainer("10.210.0.2", "app.example.com:8080/http"), "mach1"),
 			},
-			want: caddyfileHeader + `
+			want: testCaddyfileHeader + `
 # Sites generated from service ports.
 
 http://app.example.com {
@@ -71,7 +80,7 @@ http://app.example.com {
 				newContainerRecord(newContainer("10.210.0.2", "app.example.com:8080/http"), "mach1"),
 				newContainerRecord(newContainer("10.210.0.3", "app.example.com:8080/http"), "mach1"),
 			},
-			want: caddyfileHeader + `
+			want: testCaddyfileHeader + `
 # Sites generated from service ports.
 
 http://app.example.com {
@@ -87,7 +96,7 @@ http://app.example.com {
 			containers: []store.ContainerRecord{
 				newContainerRecord(newContainer("10.210.0.2", "secure.example.com:8000/https"), "mach1"),
 			},
-			want: caddyfileHeader + `
+			want: testCaddyfileHeader + `
 # Sites generated from service ports.
 
 https://secure.example.com {
@@ -127,7 +136,7 @@ https://secure.example.com {
 					"mach1",
 				),
 			},
-			want: caddyfileHeader + `
+			want: testCaddyfileHeader + `
 # Sites generated from service ports.
 
 http://app.example.com {
@@ -157,14 +166,14 @@ https://secure.example.com {
 			containers: []store.ContainerRecord{
 				newContainerRecord(newContainerWithoutNetwork("ignored.example.com:8080/http"), "mach1"),
 			},
-			want: caddyfileHeader,
+			want: testCaddyfileHeader,
 		},
 		{
 			name: "container with invalid port ignored",
 			containers: []store.ContainerRecord{
 				newContainerRecord(newContainer("10.210.0.2", "invalid-port"), "mach1"),
 			},
-			want: caddyfileHeader,
+			want: testCaddyfileHeader,
 		},
 		{
 			name: "containers with unsupported protocols and host mode ignored",
@@ -173,7 +182,7 @@ https://secure.example.com {
 				newContainerRecord(newContainer("10.210.0.3", "5000/udp"), "mach1"),
 				newContainerRecord(newContainer("10.210.0.4", "80:8080/tcp@host"), "mach1"),
 			},
-			want: caddyfileHeader,
+			want: testCaddyfileHeader,
 		},
 	}
 
@@ -183,7 +192,7 @@ https://secure.example.com {
 			// Validator is not expected to be called in these tests.
 			generator := NewCaddyfileGenerator("test-machine-id", nil, nil)
 
-			config, err := generator.Generate(ctx, tt.containers)
+			config, err := generator.Generate(ctx, tt.containers, true)
 
 			if tt.wantErr {
 				assert.Error(t, err)
@@ -191,31 +200,12 @@ https://secure.example.com {
 			}
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 
-			assert.Equal(t, tt.want, config, "Generated Caddyfile doesn't match")
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.want, normaliseGeneratedTimestamp(config), "Generated Caddyfile doesn't match")
 		})
 	}
 }
 
 func TestCaddyfileGeneratorWithCustomConfigs(t *testing.T) {
-	caddyfileBase := `# This file is autogenerated by Uncloud based on the configuration of running services.
-# Do not edit manually. Any manual changes will be overwritten on the next update.
-
-# Health check endpoint to verify Caddy reachability on this machine.
-http:// {
-	handle /.uncloud-verify {
-		respond "test-machine-id" 200
-	}
-	log
-}
-
-(common_proxy) {
-	# Retry failed requests up to lb_retries times against other available upstreams.
-	lb_retries 3
-	# Upstreams are marked unhealthy for fail_duration after a failed request (passive health checking).
-	fail_duration 30s
-}
-`
-
 	tests := []struct {
 		name       string
 		containers []store.ContainerRecord
@@ -236,8 +226,9 @@ http:// {
 					time.Now(),
 				),
 			},
-			want: `# This file is autogenerated by Uncloud based on the configuration of running services.
-# Do not edit manually. Any manual changes will be overwritten on the next update.
+			want: `# Caddyfile autogenerated by Uncloud (DO NOT EDIT): TIMESTAMP_PLACEHOLDER
+# Automatically updated on service or health status changes.
+# Docs: https://uncloud.run/docs/concepts/ingress/overview
 
 # User-defined global config from service 'caddy'.
 # Global Caddy configuration
@@ -275,7 +266,7 @@ web.example.com {
 					time.Now(),
 				),
 			},
-			want: caddyfileBase + `
+			want: testCaddyfileHeader + `
 # User-defined config for service 'web'.
 # Custom config for web service
 web.example.com {
@@ -297,7 +288,7 @@ bad.config.com {
 					time.Now(),
 				),
 			},
-			want: caddyfileBase + `
+			want: testCaddyfileHeader + `
 # Skipped invalid user-defined configs:
 # - service 'bad-service': validation failed: invalid config detected
 `,
@@ -316,7 +307,7 @@ bad.template.com {
 					time.Now(),
 				),
 			},
-			want: caddyfileBase + `
+			want: testCaddyfileHeader + `
 # Skipped invalid user-defined configs:
 # - service 'bad-template': failed to render template: parse config as Go template: template: Caddyfile:3: unexpected "}" in operand
 `,
@@ -335,7 +326,7 @@ localhost {
 					time.Now(),
 				),
 			},
-			want: caddyfileBase + `
+			want: testCaddyfileHeader + `
 # Skipped invalid user-defined configs:
 # - service 'caddy': validation failed: invalid config detected
 `,
@@ -354,7 +345,7 @@ localhost {
 					time.Now(),
 				),
 			},
-			want: caddyfileBase,
+			want: testCaddyfileHeader,
 		},
 		{
 			name: "multiple services with mixed valid and invalid configs",
@@ -388,7 +379,7 @@ bad.example.com {
 					time.Now(),
 				),
 			},
-			want: caddyfileBase + `
+			want: testCaddyfileHeader + `
 # User-defined config for service 'api'.
 api.example.com {
 	reverse_proxy api:8080
@@ -432,8 +423,9 @@ web.example.com {
 					time.Now(),
 				),
 			},
-			want: `# This file is autogenerated by Uncloud based on the configuration of running services.
-# Do not edit manually. Any manual changes will be overwritten on the next update.
+			want: `# Caddyfile autogenerated by Uncloud (DO NOT EDIT): TIMESTAMP_PLACEHOLDER
+# Automatically updated on service or health status changes.
+# Docs: https://uncloud.run/docs/concepts/ingress/overview
 
 # User-defined global config from service 'caddy'.
 # Global config
@@ -490,7 +482,7 @@ api.example.com {
 					"test-machine-id",
 				),
 			},
-			want: caddyfileBase + `
+			want: testCaddyfileHeader + `
 # Sites generated from service ports.
 
 http://api.example.com {
@@ -530,7 +522,7 @@ new.example.com {
 					time.Now(),
 				),
 			},
-			want: caddyfileBase + `
+			want: testCaddyfileHeader + `
 # User-defined config for service 'web'.
 # New config
 new.example.com {
@@ -669,8 +661,9 @@ badconfig.com {
 					time.Now(),
 				),
 			},
-			want: `# This file is autogenerated by Uncloud based on the configuration of running services.
-# Do not edit manually. Any manual changes will be overwritten on the next update.
+			want: `# Caddyfile autogenerated by Uncloud (DO NOT EDIT): TIMESTAMP_PLACEHOLDER
+# Automatically updated on service or health status changes.
+# Docs: https://uncloud.run/docs/concepts/ingress/overview
 
 # User-defined global config from service 'caddy'.
 # Global config from test machine
@@ -815,7 +808,7 @@ invalid.example.com {
 					time.Now(),
 				),
 			},
-			want: caddyfileBase + `
+			want: testCaddyfileHeader + `
 # User-defined config for service 'valid'.
 valid.example.com {
 	respond "Valid config"
@@ -843,7 +836,7 @@ valid.example.com {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			generator := NewCaddyfileGenerator("test-machine-id", validator, nil)
 
-			config, err := generator.Generate(ctx, tt.containers)
+			config, err := generator.Generate(ctx, tt.containers, true)
 
 			if tt.wantErr {
 				assert.Error(t, err)
@@ -851,7 +844,7 @@ valid.example.com {
 			}
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 
-			assert.Equal(t, tt.want, config, "Generated Caddyfile doesn't match")
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.want, normaliseGeneratedTimestamp(config), "Generated Caddyfile doesn't match")
 		})
 	}
 }
@@ -867,15 +860,15 @@ func newContainerRecordWithCaddyConfig(serviceName, ip, caddyConfig, machineID s
 	return store.ContainerRecord{
 		Container: api.ServiceContainer{
 			Container: api.Container{
-				ContainerJSON: types.ContainerJSON{
-					ContainerJSONBase: &types.ContainerJSONBase{
+				InspectResponse: container.InspectResponse{
+					ContainerJSONBase: &container.ContainerJSONBase{
 						ID: serviceName + "-" + ip, // Add ID for stable sorting
-						State: &types.ContainerState{
+						State: &container.State{
 							Running: true,
 						},
 						Created: created.UTC().Format(time.RFC3339Nano),
 					},
-					NetworkSettings: &types.NetworkSettings{
+					NetworkSettings: &container.NetworkSettings{
 						Networks: map[string]*network.EndpointSettings{
 							docker.NetworkName: {
 								IPAddress: ip,
@@ -899,20 +892,114 @@ func newContainerRecordWithCaddyConfig(serviceName, ip, caddyConfig, machineID s
 	}
 }
 
+func TestCaddyfileGeneratorWithoutCustomConfigs(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test that when includeCustom is false (Caddy not available), x-caddy configs are skipped.
+	tests := []struct {
+		name       string
+		containers []store.ContainerRecord
+		want       string
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "x-caddy configs are skipped",
+			containers: []store.ContainerRecord{
+				newContainerRecordWithCaddyConfig(
+					"caddy",
+					"10.210.0.1",
+					`# Global config
+{
+	global directive
+}`,
+					"test-machine-id",
+					time.Now(),
+				),
+				newContainerRecordWithCaddyConfig(
+					"web",
+					"10.210.0.2",
+					`web.example.com {
+	reverse_proxy web:3000
+}`,
+					"test-machine-id",
+					time.Now(),
+				),
+				newContainerRecordWithPorts(
+					"api",
+					"10.210.0.3",
+					[]string{"api.example.com:8080/http"},
+					"test-machine-id",
+				),
+			},
+			want: testCaddyfileHeader + `
+# Sites generated from service ports.
+
+http://api.example.com {
+	reverse_proxy 10.210.0.3:8080 {
+		import common_proxy
+	}
+	log
+}
+
+# NOTE: User-defined configs for services were skipped because Caddy is not running on this machine
+#       (not accessible via the shared admin socket /run/uncloud/caddy/admin.sock) or the latest
+#       generated config is invalid. Please check the service 'caddy' is running (uc inspect caddy)
+#       and its logs for more details (uc logs caddy).
+`,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "no containers with x-caddy configs",
+			containers: []store.ContainerRecord{
+				newContainerRecordWithPorts(
+					"api",
+					"10.210.0.3",
+					[]string{"api.example.com:8080/http"},
+					"test-machine-id",
+				),
+			},
+			want: testCaddyfileHeader + `
+# Sites generated from service ports.
+
+http://api.example.com {
+	reverse_proxy 10.210.0.3:8080 {
+		import common_proxy
+	}
+	log
+}
+
+# NOTE: User-defined configs for services were skipped because Caddy is not running on this machine
+#       (not accessible via the shared admin socket /run/uncloud/caddy/admin.sock) or the latest
+#       generated config is invalid. Please check the service 'caddy' is running (uc inspect caddy)
+#       and its logs for more details (uc logs caddy).
+`,
+		},
+	}
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			// Validator is not expected to be called in these tests.
+			generator := NewCaddyfileGenerator("test-machine-id", nil, nil)
+
+			config, err := generator.Generate(ctx, tt.containers, false)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.want, normaliseGeneratedTimestamp(config), "Generated Caddyfile doesn't match")
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 func newContainerRecordWithPorts(serviceName, ip string, ports []string, machineID string) store.ContainerRecord {
 	portsLabel := strings.Join(ports, ",")
 	return store.ContainerRecord{
 		Container: api.ServiceContainer{
 			Container: api.Container{
-				ContainerJSON: types.ContainerJSON{
-					ContainerJSONBase: &types.ContainerJSONBase{
+				InspectResponse: container.InspectResponse{
+					ContainerJSONBase: &container.ContainerJSONBase{
 						ID: serviceName + "-" + ip, // Add ID for stable sorting
-						State: &types.ContainerState{
+						State: &container.State{
 							Running: true,
 						},
 						Created: time.Now().UTC().Format(time.RFC3339Nano),
 					},
-					NetworkSettings: &types.NetworkSettings{
+					NetworkSettings: &container.NetworkSettings{
 						Networks: map[string]*network.EndpointSettings{
 							docker.NetworkName: {
 								IPAddress: ip,

internal/machine/caddyconfig/client.go

@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+package caddyconfig
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
+)
+
+// CaddyAdminClient is a client for interacting with the Caddy admin API over a Unix socket.
+type CaddyAdminClient struct {
+	socketPath string
+	client     *http.Client
+}
+
+func NewCaddyAdminClient(socketPath string) *CaddyAdminClient {
+	return &CaddyAdminClient{
+		socketPath: socketPath,
+		client: &http.Client{
+			Timeout: 5 * time.Second,
+			Transport: &http.Transport{
+				DialContext: func(_ context.Context, _, _ string) (net.Conn, error) {
+					return net.Dial("unix", socketPath)
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+// IsAvailable checks if the local Caddy instance is running and responding to admin API requests.
+func (c *CaddyAdminClient) IsAvailable(ctx context.Context) bool {
+	// Caddy doesn't serve a /ping endpoint. It's a random endpoint we can use to check if Caddy is running.
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "GET", "http://localhost/ping", nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	resp, err := c.client.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+	// Any HTTP response means Caddy is running and accessible.
+	return true
+}
+
+// Adapt converts a Caddyfile to JSON configuration without loading or running it.
+func (c *CaddyAdminClient) Adapt(ctx context.Context, caddyfile string) (string, error) {
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "POST", "http://localhost/adapt", strings.NewReader(caddyfile))
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("create adapt request: %w", err)
+	}
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "text/caddyfile")
+
+	resp, err := c.client.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("send adapt request: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+	body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("read response body: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if resp.StatusCode == http.StatusOK {
+		// Parse the response body to extract the result field.
+		var msg struct {
+			Result json.RawMessage `json:"result"`
+		}
+		if err = json.Unmarshal(body, &msg); err != nil {
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("parse adapt response: %w", err)
+		}
+		return string(msg.Result), nil
+	}
+
+	// If the response is a 400 Bad Request, try to parse the error message from it.
+	if resp.StatusCode == http.StatusBadRequest {
+		var apiError caddy.APIError
+		if err = json.Unmarshal(body, &apiError); err == nil {
+			return "", errors.New(apiError.Message)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return "", errors.New(string(body))
+}
+
+// Load loads a Caddyfile configuration into the Caddy instance running on the machine.
+// Due to a Caddy bug (https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/issues/7246), we first adapt the Caddyfile to JSON
+// and then load the JSON config to get proper error handling.
+func (c *CaddyAdminClient) Load(ctx context.Context, caddyfile string) error {
+	jsonConfig, err := c.Adapt(ctx, caddyfile)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("adapt Caddyfile to JSON config: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "POST", "http://localhost/load", strings.NewReader(jsonConfig))
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("create load request: %w", err)
+	}
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+
+	resp, err := c.client.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("send load request: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+	if resp.StatusCode == http.StatusOK {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	body, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	// If the response is a 400 Bad Request, try to parse the error message from it.
+	if resp.StatusCode == http.StatusBadRequest {
+		var apiError caddy.APIError
+		if err = json.Unmarshal(body, &apiError); err == nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("caddy responded with error: %s", apiError.Message)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return fmt.Errorf("caddy responded with error: HTTP %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, string(body))
+}
+
+// Validate checks if the provided Caddyfile can be adapted to Caddy JSON config using the running Caddy instance via
+// its admin API. It doesn't guarantee that the Caddyfile is actually valid and can be loaded. For example, a tls
+// directive with a missing certificate will pass the adaptation but will fail when Caddy tries to load it.
+// But this is the best we can do over the admin API.
+// TODO: run 'docker exec caddy-container caddy validate' to do proper validation or implement a Caddy module that
+// exposes a validation endpoint.
+func (c *CaddyAdminClient) Validate(ctx context.Context, caddyfile string) error {
+	_, err := c.Adapt(ctx, caddyfile)
+	return err
+}

internal/machine/caddyconfig/controller.go

@@ -24,8 +24,9 @@ const (
 // network.
 type Controller struct {
 	machineID     string
-	configDir string
+	caddyfilePath string
 	generator     *CaddyfileGenerator
+	client        *CaddyAdminClient
 	store         *store.Store
 	log           *slog.Logger
 }
@@ -39,13 +40,14 @@ func NewController(machineID, configDir, adminSock string, store *store.Store) (
 	}
 
 	log := slog.With("component", "caddy-controller")
-	validator := NewCaddyAdminValidator(adminSock)
-	generator := NewCaddyfileGenerator(machineID, validator, log)
+	client := NewCaddyAdminClient(adminSock)
+	generator := NewCaddyfileGenerator(machineID, client, log)
 
 	return &Controller{
 		machineID:     machineID,
-		configDir: configDir,
+		caddyfilePath: filepath.Join(configDir, "Caddyfile"),
 		generator:     generator,
+		client:        client,
 		store:         store,
 		log:           log,
 	}, nil
@@ -59,11 +61,11 @@ func (c *Controller) Run(ctx context.Context) error {
 	c.log.Info("Subscribed to container changes in the cluster to generate Caddy configuration.")
 
 	containers = filterHealthyContainers(containers)
-	if err = c.generateCaddyfile(ctx, containers); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("generate Caddyfile configuration: %w", err)
-	}
+	c.generateAndLoadCaddyfile(ctx, containers)
+
+	// TODO: left for backward compatibility, remove later.
 	if err = c.generateJSONConfig(containers); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("generate Caddy JSON configuration: %w", err)
+		c.log.Error("Failed to generate Caddy JSON configuration to disk.", "err", err)
 	}
 
 	for {
@@ -80,15 +82,12 @@ func (c *Controller) Run(ctx context.Context) error {
 				continue
 			}
 			containers = filterHealthyContainers(containers)
+			c.generateAndLoadCaddyfile(ctx, containers)
 
-			if err = c.generateCaddyfile(ctx, containers); err != nil {
-				c.log.Error("Failed to generate Caddyfile configuration.", "err", err)
-			}
+			// TODO: left for backward compatibility, remove later.
 			if err = c.generateJSONConfig(containers); err != nil {
-				c.log.Error("Failed to generate Caddy JSON configuration.", "err", err)
+				c.log.Error("Failed to generate Caddy JSON configuration to disk.", "err", err)
 			}
-
-			c.log.Info("Updated Caddy configuration.", "dir", c.configDir)
 		case <-ctx.Done():
 			return nil
 		}
@@ -109,21 +108,53 @@ func filterHealthyContainers(containers []store.ContainerRecord) []store.Contain
 	return healthy
 }
 
-func (c *Controller) generateCaddyfile(ctx context.Context, containers []store.ContainerRecord) error {
-	caddyfile, err := c.generator.Generate(ctx, containers)
+func (c *Controller) generateAndLoadCaddyfile(ctx context.Context, containers []store.ContainerRecord) {
+	// Check if Caddy is available before attempting to generate and load config.
+	caddyAvailable := c.client.IsAvailable(ctx)
+	caddyfile, err := c.generator.Generate(ctx, containers, caddyAvailable)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("generate Caddyfile: %w", err)
-	}
-	caddyfilePath := filepath.Join(c.configDir, "Caddyfile")
-
-	// TODO: use atomic file write to avoid partial loads on Caddy watch reload.
-	if err = os.WriteFile(caddyfilePath, []byte(caddyfile), 0o640); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("write Caddyfile to file '%s': %w", caddyfilePath, err)
-	}
-	if err = fs.Chown(caddyfilePath, "", CaddyGroup); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("change owner of Caddyfile '%s': %w", caddyfilePath, err)
+		c.log.Error("Failed to generate Caddyfile configuration.", "err", err)
+		return
 	}
 
+	if !caddyAvailable {
+		// Caddy is not running so the generated Caddyfile should not include user-defined configs thus must be valid.
+		// It's safe to write the config to disk so that when Caddy is deployed on this machine, it can pick it up.
+		if err = c.writeCaddyfile(caddyfile); err != nil {
+			c.log.Error("Failed to write Caddyfile to disk.", "err", err)
+			return
+		}
+		c.log.Debug("Caddy is not running on this machine, skipping configuration load.", "path", c.caddyfilePath)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Caddy is available, try to load the config which may fail if the config is invalid. Generally, a config can
+	// pass the adaptation/validation step but still fail to load, for example, if it references resources that are
+	// not available.
+	if err = c.client.Load(ctx, caddyfile); err != nil {
+		c.log.Error("Failed to load new Caddy configuration into local Caddy instance.",
+			"err", err, "path", c.caddyfilePath)
+		// Don't write invalid config to disk.
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Config loaded successfully, now write it to disk.
+	if err = c.writeCaddyfile(caddyfile); err != nil {
+		c.log.Error("Failed to write Caddyfile to disk after successful load.", "err", err)
+		// Config is already loaded in Caddy, so this is not critical.
+	}
+
+	c.log.Info("New Caddy configuration loaded into local Caddy instance.", "path", c.caddyfilePath)
+}
+
+// writeCaddyfile writes the Caddyfile content to disk with proper permissions.
+func (c *Controller) writeCaddyfile(caddyfile string) error {
+	if err := os.WriteFile(c.caddyfilePath, []byte(caddyfile), 0o640); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("write Caddyfile to file '%s': %w", c.caddyfilePath, err)
+	}
+	if err := fs.Chown(c.caddyfilePath, "", CaddyGroup); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("change owner of Caddyfile '%s': %w", c.caddyfilePath, err)
+	}
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -142,7 +173,7 @@ func (c *Controller) generateJSONConfig(containers []store.ContainerRecord) erro
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("marshal Caddy configuration: %w", err)
 	}
-	configPath := filepath.Join(c.configDir, "caddy.json")
+	configPath := filepath.Join(filepath.Dir(c.caddyfilePath), "caddy.json")
 
 	if err = os.WriteFile(configPath, configBytes, 0o640); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("write Caddy configuration to file '%s': %w", configPath, err)

internal/machine/caddyconfig/jsonconfig_test.go

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
-	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types"
 	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/container"
 	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/network"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/machine/docker"
@@ -334,13 +333,13 @@ func TestGenerateJSONConfig(t *testing.T) {
 
 func newContainer(ip string, ports ...string) api.ServiceContainer {
 	portsLabel := strings.Join(ports, ",")
-	return api.ServiceContainer{Container: api.Container{ContainerJSON: types.ContainerJSON{
-		ContainerJSONBase: &types.ContainerJSONBase{
-			State: &types.ContainerState{
+	return api.ServiceContainer{Container: api.Container{InspectResponse: container.InspectResponse{
+		ContainerJSONBase: &container.ContainerJSONBase{
+			State: &container.State{
 				Running: true,
 			},
 		},
-		NetworkSettings: &types.NetworkSettings{
+		NetworkSettings: &container.NetworkSettings{
 			Networks: map[string]*network.EndpointSettings{
 				docker.NetworkName: {
 					IPAddress: ip,
@@ -357,13 +356,13 @@ func newContainer(ip string, ports ...string) api.ServiceContainer {
 
 func newContainerWithoutNetwork(ports ...string) api.ServiceContainer {
 	portsLabel := strings.Join(ports, ",")
-	return api.ServiceContainer{Container: api.Container{ContainerJSON: types.ContainerJSON{
-		ContainerJSONBase: &types.ContainerJSONBase{
-			State: &types.ContainerState{
+	return api.ServiceContainer{Container: api.Container{InspectResponse: container.InspectResponse{
+		ContainerJSONBase: &container.ContainerJSONBase{
+			State: &container.State{
 				Running: true,
 			},
 		},
-		NetworkSettings: &types.NetworkSettings{
+		NetworkSettings: &container.NetworkSettings{
 			Networks: map[string]*network.EndpointSettings{
 				"other-network": {
 					IPAddress: "172.17.0.2",

internal/machine/caddyconfig/server.go

@@ -27,9 +27,9 @@ func (s *Server) GetConfig(ctx context.Context, _ *emptypb.Empty) (*pb.GetCaddyC
 	caddyfile, modifiedAt, err := s.service.Caddyfile()
 	if err != nil {
 		if os.IsNotExist(err) {
-			return nil, status.Errorf(codes.NotFound, err.Error())
+			return nil, status.Error(codes.NotFound, err.Error())
 		}
-		return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Internal, err.Error())
+		return nil, status.Error(codes.Internal, err.Error())
 	}
 
 	return &pb.GetCaddyConfigResponse{

internal/machine/caddyconfig/validator.go

@@ -1,71 +0,0 @@
-package caddyconfig
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"encoding/json"
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"io"
-	"net"
-	"net/http"
-	"strings"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
-)
-
-// CaddyAdminValidator validates Caddyfile via the Caddy admin API.
-type CaddyAdminValidator struct {
-	socketPath string
-	client     *http.Client
-}
-
-func NewCaddyAdminValidator(socketPath string) *CaddyAdminValidator {
-	return &CaddyAdminValidator{
-		socketPath: socketPath,
-		client: &http.Client{
-			Timeout: 5 * time.Second,
-			Transport: &http.Transport{
-				DialContext: func(_ context.Context, _, _ string) (net.Conn, error) {
-					return net.Dial("unix", socketPath)
-				},
-			},
-		},
-	}
-}
-
-// Validate checks if the provided Caddyfile can be adapted to Caddy JSON config using the running Caddy instance via
-// its admin API. It doesn't guarantee that the Caddyfile is actually valid and can be loaded. For example, a tls
-// directive with a missing certificate will pass the adaptation but will fail when Caddy tries to load it.
-// But this is the best we can do over the admin API.
-// TODO: run 'docker exec caddy-container caddy validate' to do proper validation or implement a Caddy module that
-// exposes a validation endpoint.
-func (c *CaddyAdminValidator) Validate(ctx context.Context, caddyfile string) error {
-	// Bogus host is used so that http.NewRequest is happy but it doesn't matter since we're using a Unix socket.
-	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "POST", "http://localhost/adapt", strings.NewReader(caddyfile))
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("create adapt request: %w", err)
-	}
-	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "text/caddyfile")
-
-	resp, err := c.client.Do(req)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("send adapt request: %w", err)
-	}
-	defer resp.Body.Close()
-
-	if resp.StatusCode == http.StatusOK {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	body, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
-	// If the response is a 400 Bad Request, try to parse the error message from it.
-	if resp.StatusCode == http.StatusBadRequest {
-		var apiError caddy.APIError
-		if err = json.Unmarshal(body, &apiError); err == nil {
-			return errors.New(apiError.Message)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return errors.New(string(body))
-}