feat: run embedded unregistry on machine IP in uncloudd daemon

Fixes #117

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.md

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+---
+name: Bug Report
+about: Create a report to help us improve
+title: "[BUG] "
+labels: bug
+assignees: ""
+---
+
+**Describe the bug**
+
+<!-- A clear and concise description of what the bug is. -->
+
+**How to reproduce**
+
+<!-- Steps to reproduce the behavior:
+
+1. Run ...
+2. Do ...
+-->
+
+**Expected behavior**
+
+<!-- A clear and concise description of what you expected to happen. -->
+
+**Environment:**
+
+- Uncloud versions:
+  - Control (client) node (`uc --version`):
+  - Uncloud daemon (from the server) (`uncloudd --version`):
+- OS version (`uname -a`):
+  - Client (control node):
+  - Server:
+
+**Additional context**
+
+<!-- Add any other context about the problem here. -->

.github/workflows/go-tests.yml

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Set up Go
         uses: actions/setup-go@d35c59abb061a4a6fb18e82ac0862c26744d6ab5 # v5.5.0
         with:
-          go-version: "1.23.2"
+          go-version: "1.25.1"
 
       - name: Install dependencies
         run: |
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Install Mise
         uses: jdx/mise-action@13abe502c30c1559a5c37dff303831bab82c9402 # v2.2.3
         with:
-          version: "2025.6.5"
+          version: "2025.9.6"
         env:
           GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
 

.github/workflows/lint.yml

@@ -23,12 +23,12 @@ jobs:
       - name: Set up Go
         uses: actions/setup-go@d35c59abb061a4a6fb18e82ac0862c26744d6ab5 # v5.5.0
         with:
-          go-version: "1.23.2"
+          go-version: "1.25.1"
 
       - name: golangci-lint
         uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@4afd733a84b1f43292c63897423277bb7f4313a9 # v8.0.0
         with:
-          version: v2.2.2
+          version: v2.4.0
 
       - name: Format code
         run: |

.mise.lock

@@ -1,39 +1,83 @@
-[tools.go]
+[[tools."aqua:vektra/mockery"]]
-version = "1.23.10"
+version = "3.5.3"
+backend = "aqua:vektra/mockery"
+
+[tools."aqua:vektra/mockery".platforms.linux-x64]
+checksum = "sha256:ebce416b0175338525246c376885a1579ca6cd4d4015140ba0c70e6b5339a39c"
+size = 5498859
+url = "https://github.com/vektra/mockery/releases/download/v3.5.3/mockery_3.5.3_Linux_x86_64.tar.gz"
+
+[tools."aqua:vektra/mockery".platforms.macos-arm64]
+checksum = "sha256:a3a94b14c7414e148f2252199ffc4a0108d311358f3d336cbe05bb73cb203704"
+size = 5238877
+url = "https://github.com/vektra/mockery/releases/download/v3.5.3/mockery_3.5.3_Darwin_arm64.tar.gz"
+
+[[tools.go]]
+version = "1.25.1"
 backend = "core:go"
 
-[tools.go.checksums]
+[tools.go.platforms.linux-x64]
-"go1.23.10.darwin-arm64.tar.gz" = "sha256:25c64bfa8a8fd8e7f62fb54afa4354af8409a4bb2358c2699a1003b733e6fce5"
+checksum = "sha256:7716a0d940a0f6ae8e1f3b3f4f36299dc53e31b16840dbd171254312c41ca12e"
-"go1.23.10.linux-amd64.tar.gz" = "sha256:535f9f81802499f2a7dbfa70abb8fda3793725fcc29460f719815f6e10b5fd60"
+size = 59660846
+url = "https://dl.google.com/go/go1.25.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz"
 
-[tools.golangci-lint]
+[tools.go.platforms.macos-arm64]
-version = "2.2.2"
+checksum = "sha256:68deebb214f39d542e518ebb0598a406ab1b5a22bba8ec9ade9f55fb4dd94a6c"
+size = 57906702
+url = "https://dl.google.com/go/go1.25.1.darwin-arm64.tar.gz"
+
+[[tools.golangci-lint]]
+version = "2.4.0"
 backend = "aqua:golangci/golangci-lint"
 
-[tools.golangci-lint.checksums]
+[tools.golangci-lint.platforms.linux-x64]
-"golangci-lint-2.2.2-darwin-arm64.tar.gz" = "sha256:d84d94d042c0d495fd1746f3d18948a75de163b17a14e8de3ef840928dd2df74"
+checksum = "sha256:fae792524c04424c0ac369f5b8076f04b45cf29fc945a370e55d369a8dc11840"
-"golangci-lint-2.2.2-linux-amd64.tar.gz" = "sha256:c27fbde948a87d326feacd21df2f61a9c54dbd2e3bfa185c0a1cd6917a6f964f"
+size = 14126779
+url = "https://github.com/golangci/golangci-lint/releases/download/v2.4.0/golangci-lint-2.4.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz"
 
-[tools.protoc]
+[tools.golangci-lint.platforms.macos-arm64]
+checksum = "sha256:cd4dd53fa09b6646baff5fd22b8c64d91db02c21c7496df27992d75d34feec59"
+size = 13542526
+url = "https://github.com/golangci/golangci-lint/releases/download/v2.4.0/golangci-lint-2.4.0-darwin-arm64.tar.gz"
+
+[[tools.protoc]]
 version = "27.3"
 backend = "aqua:protocolbuffers/protobuf/protoc"
 
-[tools.protoc.checksums]
+[tools.protoc.platforms.linux-x64]
-"protoc-27.3-linux-x86_64.zip" = "sha256:6dab2adab83f915126cab53540d48957c40e9e9023969c3e84d44bfb936c7741"
+checksum = "blake3:8c2938accf7061164ea3968529a47ced1db4824ca553857f6903c68ae4347739"
-"protoc-27.3-osx-aarch_64.zip" = "sha256:b22116bd97cdbd7ea25346abe635a9df268515fe5ef5afa93cd9a68fc2513f84"
+size = 3235873
+url = "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/releases/download/v27.3/protoc-27.3-linux-x86_64.zip"
 
-[tools.protoc-gen-go]
+[tools.protoc.platforms.macos-arm64]
+checksum = "blake3:650c2494c003e9fddd6f4164a0a36e31da51ae7e1e5208da8cb560a4fe886fcd"
+size = 2372763
+url = "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/releases/download/v27.3/protoc-27.3-osx-aarch_64.zip"
+
+[[tools.protoc-gen-go]]
 version = "1.34.2"
 backend = "aqua:protocolbuffers/protobuf-go/protoc-gen-go"
 
-[tools.protoc-gen-go.checksums]
+[tools.protoc-gen-go.platforms.linux-x64]
-"protoc-gen-go.v1.34.2.darwin.arm64.tar.gz" = "sha256:17aca7f948dbb624049030cf841e35895cf34183ba006e721247fdeb95ff2780"
+checksum = "blake3:f765e393e0f0b25070c13848d88f5e6303e66090132afa1b753e981507a4174e"
-"protoc-gen-go.v1.34.2.linux.amd64.tar.gz" = "sha256:b87bc134dee55576a842141bf0ed27761c635d746780fce5dee038c6dd16554f"
+size = 1848331
+url = "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf-go/releases/download/v1.34.2/protoc-gen-go.v1.34.2.linux.amd64.tar.gz"
 
-[tools.protoc-gen-go-grpc]
+[tools.protoc-gen-go.platforms.macos-arm64]
+checksum = "blake3:c237256a7f718ac4ccdc037ee30025a0b7c3f79300d7831ec59d76d782443fd5"
+size = 1784028
+url = "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf-go/releases/download/v1.34.2/protoc-gen-go.v1.34.2.darwin.arm64.tar.gz"
+
+[[tools.protoc-gen-go-grpc]]
 version = "1.5.1"
 backend = "aqua:grpc/grpc-go/protoc-gen-go-grpc"
 
-[tools.protoc-gen-go-grpc.checksums]
+[tools.protoc-gen-go-grpc.platforms.linux-x64]
-"protoc-gen-go-grpc.v1.5.1.darwin.arm64.tar.gz" = "sha256:d6083feb51dcfe59f26793e99ef01ef5eac68b64294ec2546711f614ac5878f3"
+checksum = "blake3:197739132f0408f017d0c83773ac1ace85c0572473fdd658ec6e4ccbf20e0552"
-"protoc-gen-go-grpc.v1.5.1.linux.amd64.tar.gz" = "sha256:a6cac4ea731e54aea304ad44d704a69d1cdc82997084b33637e21a89dc9229d6"
+size = 4859466
+url = "https://github.com/grpc/grpc-go/releases/download/cmd/protoc-gen-go-grpc/v1.5.1/protoc-gen-go-grpc.v1.5.1.linux.amd64.tar.gz"
+
+[tools.protoc-gen-go-grpc.platforms.macos-arm64]
+checksum = "blake3:3c668207565d23ea2cf006d699207e3a804ebb929a534bd38a3b4ff4e941e00c"
+size = 4565944
+url = "https://github.com/grpc/grpc-go/releases/download/cmd/protoc-gen-go-grpc/v1.5.1/protoc-gen-go-grpc.v1.5.1.darwin.arm64.tar.gz"

.mise.toml

@@ -2,8 +2,9 @@
 experimental = true
 
 [tools]
-go = "1.23"
+"aqua:vektra/mockery" = "3.5.3"
-golangci-lint = "2.2.2"
+go = "1.25.1"
+golangci-lint = "2.4.0"
 protoc = "27.3"
 protoc-gen-go = "1.34.2"
 protoc-gen-go-grpc = "1.5.1"

.mockery.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+packages:
+  github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/machine/caddyconfig:
+    interfaces:
+      CaddyfileValidator:

Dockerfile

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ARG ALPINE_VERSION=3.20.3
 
-FROM golang:1.23.2-alpine AS uncloudd
+FROM golang:1.25.1-alpine AS uncloudd
 
 ARG TARGETOS
 ARG TARGETARCH

Makefile

@@ -66,6 +66,10 @@ ucind-image:
 ucind-multiarch-image-push:
 	docker buildx build --push --platform linux/amd64,linux/arm64 -t "$(UCIND_IMAGE)" --target ucind .
 
+.PHONY: mocks
+mocks:
+	@mockery
+
 .PHONY: test
 test:
 ifeq ($(TEST_NAME),)
@@ -111,3 +115,6 @@ _lint:
 # Uncloud daemon won't likely support OS other than Linux anytime soon, so for now we can rely on that.
 	GOOS=linux golangci-lint run $(ARGS)
 
+.PHONY: cli-docs
+cli-docs:
+	go run ./cmd/uncloud docs

cmd/uncloud/caddy/config.go

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+package caddy
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+
+	"github.com/alecthomas/chroma/v2/quick"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/api"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+)
+
+type configOptions struct {
+	machine string
+	noColor bool
+	context string
+}
+
+func NewConfigCommand() *cobra.Command {
+	opts := configOptions{}
+
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "config",
+		Short: "Show the current Caddy configuration (Caddyfile).",
+		Long:  "Display the current Caddy configuration (Caddyfile) from the connected machine or a specified one.",
+		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			uncli := cmd.Context().Value("cli").(*cli.CLI)
+			return runConfig(cmd.Context(), uncli, opts)
+		},
+	}
+
+	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(&opts.machine, "machine", "m", "",
+		"Name or ID of the machine to get the configuration from. (default is connected machine)")
+	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&opts.noColor, "no-color", false,
+		"Disable syntax highlighting for the output.")
+	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(
+		&opts.context, "context", "c", "",
+		"Name of the cluster context. (default is the current context)",
+	)
+
+	return cmd
+}
+
+func runConfig(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts configOptions) error {
+	clusterClient, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx, opts.context)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("connect to cluster: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer clusterClient.Close()
+
+	if opts.machine != "" {
+		// If a specific machine is requested, use it to get the Caddy configuration.
+		ctx, _, err = api.ProxyMachinesContext(ctx, clusterClient, []string{opts.machine})
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	config, err := clusterClient.Caddy.GetConfig(ctx, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("get Caddy config: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Print the Caddyfile with syntax highlighting.
+	if opts.noColor {
+		fmt.Print(config.Caddyfile)
+	} else {
+		if err = quick.Highlight(os.Stdout, config.Caddyfile, "caddy", "terminal256", "monokai"); err != nil {
+			// If highlighting fails, fall back to plain output.
+			fmt.Print(config.Caddyfile)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}

cmd/uncloud/caddy/deploy.go

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"maps"
+	"os"
 	"slices"
 	"strings"
 
@@ -18,6 +19,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 type deployOptions struct {
+	caddyfile string
 	image     string
 	machines  []string
 	context   string
@@ -37,6 +39,8 @@ func NewDeployCommand() *cobra.Command {
 		},
 	}
 
+	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&opts.caddyfile, "caddyfile", "",
+		"Path to a custom global Caddy config (Caddyfile) that will be prepended to the auto-generated Caddy config.")
 	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&opts.image, "image", "",
 		"Caddy Docker image to deploy. (default caddy:LATEST_VERSION)")
 	cmd.Flags().StringSliceVarP(&opts.machines, "machine", "m", nil,
@@ -51,6 +55,15 @@ func NewDeployCommand() *cobra.Command {
 }
 
 func runDeploy(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts deployOptions) error {
+	caddyfile := ""
+	if opts.caddyfile != "" {
+		data, err := os.ReadFile(opts.caddyfile)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("read Caddyfile: %w", err)
+		}
+		caddyfile = strings.TrimSpace(string(data))
+	}
+
 	clusterClient, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx, opts.context)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("connect to cluster: %w", err)
@@ -91,7 +104,7 @@ func runDeploy(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts deployOptions) error {
 	placement := api.Placement{
 		Machines: cli.ExpandCommaSeparatedValues(opts.machines),
 	}
-	d, err := clusterClient.NewCaddyDeployment(opts.image, placement)
+	d, err := clusterClient.NewCaddyDeployment(opts.image, caddyfile, placement)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("create caddy deployment: %w", err)
 	}

cmd/uncloud/caddy/root.go

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ func NewRootCommand() *cobra.Command {
 		Short: "Manage Caddy reverse proxy service.",
 	}
 	cmd.AddCommand(
+		NewConfigCommand(),
 		NewDeployCommand(),
 	)
 	return cmd

cmd/uncloud/context/ls.go

@@ -12,8 +12,6 @@ import (
 )
 
 func NewListCommand() *cobra.Command {
-	var clusterContext string
-
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{
 		Use:     "ls",
 		Aliases: []string{"list"},
@@ -24,11 +22,6 @@ func NewListCommand() *cobra.Command {
 		},
 	}
 
-	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(
-		&clusterContext, "context", "c", "",
-		"Name of the cluster context. (default is the current context)",
-	)
-
 	return cmd
 }
 
@@ -51,7 +44,7 @@ func list(uncli *cli.CLI) error {
 	for _, name := range contextNames {
 		current := ""
 		if name == currentContext {
-			current = "*"
+			current = "✓"
 		}
 		connCount := len(uncli.Config.Contexts[name].Connections)
 		fmt.Fprintf(tw, "%s\t%s\t%d\n", name, current, connCount)

cmd/uncloud/deploy.go

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ type deployOptions struct {
 	services []string
 	noBuild  bool
 	recreate bool
+	yes      bool
 
 	context string
 }
@@ -33,6 +34,8 @@ func NewDeployCommand() *cobra.Command {
 		Use:   "deploy [FLAGS] [SERVICE...]",
 		Short: "Deploy services from a Compose file.",
 		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			cli.BindEnvToFlag(cmd, "yes", "UNCLOUD_AUTO_CONFIRM")
+
 			uncli := cmd.Context().Value("cli").(*cli.CLI)
 
 			if len(args) > 0 {
@@ -43,16 +46,19 @@ func NewDeployCommand() *cobra.Command {
 		},
 	}
 
-	cmd.Flags().StringSliceVarP(&opts.files, "file", "f", nil,
-		"One or more Compose files to deploy services from. (default compose.yaml)")
-	cmd.Flags().StringSliceVarP(&opts.profiles, "profile", "p", nil,
-		"One or more Compose profiles to enable.")
 	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(&opts.context, "context", "c", "",
 		"Name of the cluster context to deploy to (default is the current context)")
+	cmd.Flags().StringSliceVarP(&opts.files, "file", "f", nil,
+		"One or more Compose files to deploy services from. (default compose.yaml)")
 	cmd.Flags().BoolVarP(&opts.noBuild, "no-build", "n", false,
 		"Do not build images before deploying services. (default false)")
+	cmd.Flags().StringSliceVarP(&opts.profiles, "profile", "p", nil,
+		"One or more Compose profiles to enable.")
 	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&opts.recreate, "recreate", false,
 		"Recreate containers even if their configuration and image haven't changed.")
+	cmd.Flags().BoolVarP(&opts.yes, "yes", "y", false,
+		"Auto-confirm deployment plan. Should be explicitly set when running non-interactively,\n"+
+			"e.g., in CI/CD pipelines. [$UNCLOUD_AUTO_CONFIRM]")
 
 	// TODO: Consider adding a filter flag to specify which machines to deploy to but keep the rest running.
 	//  Could be useful to test a new version on a subset of machines before rolling out to all.
@@ -136,6 +142,13 @@ func runDeploy(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts deployOptions) error {
 	}
 	fmt.Println()
 
+	// Ask for plan confirmation before proceeding with the deployment unless auto-confirmed with --yes.
+	if !opts.yes {
+		if !cli.IsStdinTerminal() {
+			return errors.New("cannot ask to confirm deployment plan in non-interactive mode, " +
+				"use --yes flag or set UNCLOUD_AUTO_CONFIRM=true to auto-confirm")
+		}
+
 		confirmed, err := cli.Confirm()
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("confirm deployment: %w", err)
@@ -144,6 +157,7 @@ func runDeploy(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts deployOptions) error {
 			fmt.Println("Cancelled. No changes were made.")
 			return nil
 		}
+	}
 
 	return progress.RunWithTitle(ctx, func(ctx context.Context) error {
 		if err := plan.Execute(ctx, clusterClient); err != nil {

cmd/uncloud/docs.go

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"regexp"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra/doc"
+)
+
+const docsDir = "website/docs/9-cli-reference"
+
+type cmdWrapper struct {
+	cmd *cobra.Command
+}
+
+// NewDocsCommand creates a new hidden command to generate CLI reference docs.
+func NewDocsCommand() *cobra.Command {
+	wrapper := &cmdWrapper{}
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:                   "docs",
+		Short:                 "Generate Uncloud CLI reference docs",
+		SilenceUsage:          true,
+		DisableFlagsInUseLine: true,
+		Hidden:                true,
+		Args:                  cobra.NoArgs,
+		ValidArgsFunction:     cobra.NoFileCompletions,
+		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string) error {
+			// Remove existing markdown files.
+			mdFiles, err := filepath.Glob(filepath.Join(docsDir, "*.md"))
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("list existing CLI docs: %w", err)
+			}
+			for _, f := range mdFiles {
+				if err = os.Remove(f); err != nil {
+					return fmt.Errorf("remove '%s': %w", f, err)
+				}
+			}
+
+			// Generate new CLI reference docs.
+			wrapper.cmd.Root().DisableAutoGenTag = true
+			if err := doc.GenMarkdownTree(cmd.Root(), docsDir); err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("generate CLI docs: %w", err)
+			}
+
+			// Remove *completion*.md files that contain malformatted code blocks that break Docusaurus.
+			mdFiles, err = filepath.Glob(filepath.Join(docsDir, "*completion*.md"))
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("list generated CLI docs: %w", err)
+			}
+			for _, f := range mdFiles {
+				if err = os.Remove(f); err != nil {
+					return fmt.Errorf("remove '%s': %w", f, err)
+				}
+			}
+
+			// Post-process generated markdown files.
+			mdFiles, err = filepath.Glob(filepath.Join(docsDir, "*.md"))
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("list generated CLI docs: %w", err)
+			}
+
+			for _, f := range mdFiles {
+				if err = postProcessMarkdown(f); err != nil {
+					return fmt.Errorf("post-process '%s': %w", f, err)
+				}
+			}
+
+			return nil
+		},
+	}
+
+	wrapper.cmd = cmd
+	return cmd
+}
+
+// postProcessMarkdown applies transformations to generated markdown files.
+func postProcessMarkdown(filename string) error {
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(filename)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	content := string(data)
+
+	// Replace "SEE ALSO" with "See also".
+	content = strings.ReplaceAll(content, "SEE ALSO", "See also")
+	// Escape <id> to avoid Docusaurus treating it as an HTML tag.
+	content = strings.ReplaceAll(content, "<id>", "\\<id>")
+
+	// Remove broken links to completion docs.
+	if strings.Contains(content, "[uc completion") {
+		lines := strings.Split(content, "\n")
+		var filteredLines []string
+		for _, line := range lines {
+			if !strings.Contains(line, "[uc completion") {
+				filteredLines = append(filteredLines, line)
+			}
+		}
+		content = strings.Join(filteredLines, "\n")
+	}
+
+	// Adjust heading levels. Process from shortest to longest to avoid double replacements.
+	replacements := []struct {
+		old, new string
+	}{
+		{`(?m)^## `, `# `},
+		{`(?m)^### `, `## `},
+		{`(?m)^#### `, `### `},
+		{`(?m)^##### `, `#### `},
+	}
+
+	for _, r := range replacements {
+		re := regexp.MustCompile(r.old)
+		content = re.ReplaceAllString(content, r.new)
+	}
+
+	return os.WriteFile(filename, []byte(content), 0o644)
+}

cmd/uncloud/machine/add.go

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import (
 type addOptions struct {
 	name      string
 	noCaddy   bool
+	noInstall bool
 	publicIP  string
 	sshKey    string
 	context   string
@@ -56,6 +57,11 @@ func NewAddCommand() *cobra.Command {
 		&opts.noCaddy, "no-caddy", false,
 		"Don't deploy Caddy reverse proxy service to the machine.",
 	)
+	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(
+		&opts.noInstall, "no-install", false,
+		"Skip installation of Docker, Uncloud daemon, and dependencies on the machine. "+
+			"Assumes they're already installed and running.",
+	)
 	cmd.Flags().StringVar(
 		&opts.publicIP, "public-ip", "auto",
 		"Public IP address of the machine for ingress configuration. Use 'auto' for automatic detection, "+
@@ -98,6 +104,7 @@ func add(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, remoteMachine *cli.RemoteMachine,
 		MachineName:   opts.name,
 		PublicIP:      publicIP,
 		RemoteMachine: remoteMachine,
+		SkipInstall:   opts.noInstall,
 		Version:       opts.version,
 	})
 	if err != nil {
@@ -146,7 +153,7 @@ func add(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, remoteMachine *cli.RemoteMachine,
 
 	// TODO: scale the existing Caddy service to the new machine instead of running a new deployment
 	//  that may cause a small downtime.
-	d, err := clusterClient.NewCaddyDeployment(caddyImage, api.Placement{})
+	d, err := clusterClient.NewCaddyDeployment(caddyImage, "", api.Placement{})
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("create caddy deployment: %w", err)
 	}

cmd/uncloud/machine/init.go

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ type initOptions struct {
 	network     string
 	noCaddy     bool
 	noDNS       bool
+	noInstall   bool
 	publicIP    string
 	sshKey      string
 	version     string
@@ -33,7 +34,20 @@ func NewInitCommand() *cobra.Command {
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{
 		Use:   "init [USER@HOST:PORT]",
 		Short: "Initialise a new cluster with a remote machine as the first member.",
-		// TODO: include usage examples of initialising a remote machine.
+		Long: "Initialise a new cluster by setting up a remote machine as the first member.\n" +
+			"This command creates a new context in your Uncloud config to manage the cluster.",
+		Example: `  # Initialise a new cluster with default settings.
+  uc machine init root@<your-server-ip>
+
+  # Initialise with a context name 'prod' in the Uncloud config (~/.config/uncloud/config.yaml) and machine name 'vps1'.
+  uc machine init root@<your-server-ip> -c prod -n vps1
+
+  # Initialise with a non-root user and custom SSH port and key.
+  uc machine init ubuntu@<your-server-ip>:2222 -i ~/.ssh/mykey
+
+  # Initialise without Caddy (no reverse proxy) and without an automatically managed domain name (xxxxxx.cluster.uncloud.run).
+  # You can deploy Caddy with 'uc caddy deploy' and reserve a domain with 'uc dns reserve' later.
+  uc machine init root@<your-server-ip> --no-caddy --no-dns`,
 		// TODO: support initialising a cluster on the local machine.
 		Args: cobra.MaximumNArgs(1),
 		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
@@ -68,11 +82,16 @@ func NewInitCommand() *cobra.Command {
 	)
 	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(
 		&opts.noCaddy, "no-caddy", false,
-		"Don't deploy Caddy reverse proxy service to the machine.",
+		"Don't deploy Caddy reverse proxy service to the machine. You can deploy it later with 'uc caddy deploy'.",
 	)
 	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(
 		&opts.noDNS, "no-dns", false,
-		"Don't reserve a cluster domain in Uncloud DNS.",
+		"Don't reserve a cluster domain in Uncloud DNS. You can reserve it later with 'uc dns reserve'.",
+	)
+	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(
+		&opts.noInstall, "no-install", false,
+		"Skip installation of Docker, Uncloud daemon, and dependencies on the machine. "+
+			"Assumes they're already installed and running.",
 	)
 	cmd.Flags().StringVar(
 		&opts.publicIP, "public-ip", "auto",
@@ -89,8 +108,8 @@ func NewInitCommand() *cobra.Command {
 		"Version of the Uncloud daemon to install on the machine.",
 	)
 	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(
-		&opts.context, "context", "c", "default",
+		&opts.context, "context", "c", cli.DefaultContextName,
-		"Name of the created context for the initialised cluster in the Uncloud config.",
+		"Name of the new context to be created in the Uncloud config to manage the cluster.",
 	)
 
 	return cmd
@@ -121,6 +140,7 @@ func initCluster(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, remoteMachine *cli.RemoteM
 		Network:       netPrefix,
 		PublicIP:      publicIP,
 		RemoteMachine: remoteMachine,
+		SkipInstall:   opts.noInstall,
 		Version:       opts.version,
 	})
 	if err != nil {
@@ -147,7 +167,7 @@ func initCluster(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, remoteMachine *cli.RemoteM
 	}
 
 	if !opts.noCaddy {
-		d, err := client.NewCaddyDeployment("", api.Placement{})
+		d, err := client.NewCaddyDeployment("", "", api.Placement{})
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("create caddy deployment: %w", err)
 		}

cmd/uncloud/main.go

@@ -27,12 +27,15 @@ type globalOptions struct {
 func main() {
 	opts := globalOptions{}
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{
-		Use:           "uncloud",
+		Use:           "uc",
-		Short:         "A CLI tool for managing Uncloud resources such as clusters, machines, and services.",
+		Short:         "A CLI tool for managing Uncloud resources such as machines, services, and volumes.",
 		Version:       version.String(),
 		SilenceUsage:  true,
 		SilenceErrors: true,
 		PersistentPreRunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			cli.BindEnvToFlag(cmd, "connect", "UNCLOUD_CONNECT")
+			cli.BindEnvToFlag(cmd, "uncloud-config", "UNCLOUD_CONFIG")
+
 			var conn *config.MachineConnection
 			if opts.connect != "" {
 				if strings.HasPrefix(opts.connect, "tcp://") {
@@ -65,16 +68,16 @@ func main() {
 	}
 
 	cmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&opts.connect, "connect", "",
-		"Connect to a remote cluster machine without using the Uncloud configuration file.\n"+
+		"Connect to a remote cluster machine without using the Uncloud configuration file. [$UNCLOUD_CONNECT]\n"+
 			"Format: [ssh://]user@host[:port] or tcp://host:port")
-	// TODO: allow to override using UNCLOUD_CONFIG env var.
 	cmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&opts.configPath, "uncloud-config", "~/.config/uncloud/config.yaml",
-		"Path to the Uncloud configuration file.")
+		"Path to the Uncloud configuration file. [$UNCLOUD_CONFIG]")
 	_ = cmd.MarkPersistentFlagFilename("uncloud-config", "yaml", "yml")
 	// TODO: make --context a global flag and pass it as a value of the command context.
 
 	cmd.AddCommand(
 		NewDeployCommand(),
+		NewDocsCommand(),
 		NewBuildCommand(),
 		caddy.NewRootCommand(),
 		cmdcontext.NewRootCommand(),

cmd/uncloud/service/inspect.go

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ import (
 
 type inspectOptions struct {
 	service string
-	cluster string
+	context string
 }
 
 func NewInspectCommand() *cobra.Command {
@@ -31,14 +31,14 @@ func NewInspectCommand() *cobra.Command {
 		},
 	}
 	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(
-		&opts.cluster, "context", "c", "",
+		&opts.context, "context", "c", "",
 		"Name of the cluster context. (default is the current context)",
 	)
 	return cmd
 }
 
 func inspect(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts inspectOptions) error {
-	client, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx, opts.cluster)
+	client, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx, opts.context)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("connect to cluster: %w", err)
 	}

cmd/uncloud/service/ls.go

@@ -12,26 +12,25 @@ import (
 )
 
 func NewListCommand() *cobra.Command {
-	// TODO(lhf): rename to context
+	var contextName string
-	var cluster string
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{
 		Use:     "ls",
 		Aliases: []string{"list"},
 		Short:   "List services.",
 		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 			uncli := cmd.Context().Value("cli").(*cli.CLI)
-			return list(cmd.Context(), uncli, cluster)
+			return list(cmd.Context(), uncli, contextName)
 		},
 	}
 	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(
-		&cluster, "context", "c", "",
+		&contextName, "context", "c", "",
 		"Name of the cluster context. (default is the current context)",
 	)
 	return cmd
 }
 
-func list(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, clusterName string) error {
+func list(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, contextName string) error {
-	client, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx, clusterName)
+	client, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx, contextName)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("connect to cluster: %w", err)
 	}

cmd/uncloud/service/rm.go

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import (
 
 type rmOptions struct {
 	services []string
-	cluster  string
+	context  string
 }
 
 func NewRmCommand() *cobra.Command {
@@ -28,14 +28,14 @@ func NewRmCommand() *cobra.Command {
 		},
 	}
 	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(
-		&opts.cluster, "context", "c", "",
+		&opts.context, "context", "c", "",
 		"Name of the cluster context. (default is the current context)",
 	)
 	return cmd
 }
 
 func rm(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts rmOptions) error {
-	client, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx, opts.cluster)
+	client, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx, opts.context)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("connect to cluster: %w", err)
 	}

cmd/uncloud/service/run.go

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 type runOptions struct {
+	caddyfile         string
 	command           []string
 	cpu               dockeropts.NanoCPUs
 	entrypoint        string
@@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ type runOptions struct {
 	user              string
 	volumes           []string
 
-	cluster string
+	context string
 }
 
 func NewRunCommand() *cobra.Command {
@@ -57,6 +58,9 @@ func NewRunCommand() *cobra.Command {
 		},
 	}
 
+	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&opts.caddyfile, "caddyfile", "",
+		"Path to a custom Caddy config (Caddyfile) for the service. "+
+			"Cannot be used together with non-@host published ports.")
 	cmd.Flags().VarP(&opts.cpu, "cpu", "",
 		"Maximum number of CPU cores a service container can use. Fractional values are allowed: "+
 			"0.5 for half a core or 2.25 for two and a quarter cores.")
@@ -82,7 +86,7 @@ func NewRunCommand() *cobra.Command {
 		"Give extended privileges to service containers. This is a security risk and should be used with caution.")
 	cmd.Flags().StringSliceVarP(&opts.publish, "publish", "p", nil,
 		"Publish a service port to make it accessible outside the cluster. Can be specified multiple times.\n"+
-			"Format: [hostname:][load_balancer_port:]container_port[/protocol] or [host_ip:]:host_port:container_port[/protocol]@host\n"+
+			"Format: [hostname:]container_port[/protocol] or [host_ip:]host_port:container_port[/protocol]@host\n"+
 			"Supported protocols: tcp, udp, http, https (default is tcp). If a hostname for http(s) port is not specified\n"+
 			"and a cluster domain is reserved, service-name.cluster-domain will be used as the hostname.\n"+
 			"Examples:\n"+
@@ -109,7 +113,7 @@ func NewRunCommand() *cobra.Command {
 			"  -v /host/path:/container/path:ro 		 Bind mount a host directory or file as read-only")
 
 	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(
-		&opts.cluster, "context", "c", "",
+		&opts.context, "context", "c", "",
 		"Name of the cluster context to run the service in. (default is the current context)",
 	)
 
@@ -122,7 +126,7 @@ func run(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts runOptions) error {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	clusterClient, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx, opts.cluster)
+	clusterClient, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx, opts.context)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("connect to cluster: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -161,6 +165,15 @@ func run(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts runOptions) error {
 func prepareServiceSpec(opts runOptions) (api.ServiceSpec, error) {
 	var spec api.ServiceSpec
 
+	caddyfile := ""
+	if opts.caddyfile != "" {
+		data, err := os.ReadFile(opts.caddyfile)
+		if err != nil {
+			return spec, fmt.Errorf("read Caddyfile: %w", err)
+		}
+		caddyfile = strings.TrimSpace(string(data))
+	}
+
 	env, err := parseEnv(opts.env)
 	if err != nil {
 		return spec, err
@@ -218,6 +231,12 @@ func prepareServiceSpec(opts runOptions) (api.ServiceSpec, error) {
 		Volumes:   volumes,
 	}
 
+	if caddyfile != "" {
+		spec.Caddy = &api.CaddySpec{
+			Config: caddyfile,
+		}
+	}
+
 	// Overwrite the default ENTRYPOINT of the image or reset it if an empty string is passed.
 	if opts.entrypoint != "" {
 		spec.Container.Entrypoint = []string{opts.entrypoint}

cmd/uncloud/service/scale.go

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ import (
 type scaleOptions struct {
 	service  string
 	replicas uint
-	cluster  string
+	context  string
 }
 
 func NewScaleCommand() *cobra.Command {
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ func NewScaleCommand() *cobra.Command {
 	}
 
 	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(
-		&opts.cluster, "context", "c", "",
+		&opts.context, "context", "c", "",
 		"Name of the cluster context. (default is the current context)",
 	)
 
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ func scale(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts scaleOptions) error {
 		)
 	}
 
-	clusterClient, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx, opts.cluster)
+	clusterClient, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx, opts.context)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("connect to cluster: %w", err)
 	}

go.mod

@@ -1,15 +1,18 @@
 module github.com/psviderski/uncloud
 
-go 1.23.0
+go 1.25
 
 require (
 	github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.4.0
 	github.com/Masterminds/semver v1.5.0
 	github.com/Masterminds/squirrel v1.5.4
+	github.com/alecthomas/chroma/v2 v2.20.0
 	github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2 v2.8.4
 	github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4 v4.3.0
+	github.com/charmbracelet/bubbles v0.20.0
+	github.com/charmbracelet/bubbletea v1.3.9
 	github.com/charmbracelet/huh v0.6.0
-	github.com/charmbracelet/lipgloss v0.13.0
+	github.com/charmbracelet/lipgloss v1.1.0
 	github.com/compose-spec/compose-go/v2 v2.4.5
 	github.com/coreos/go-systemd v0.0.0-20191104093116-d3cd4ed1dbcf
 	github.com/deckarep/golang-set/v2 v2.8.0
@@ -38,37 +41,39 @@ require (
 	github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure v1.5.0
 	github.com/moby/term v0.5.0
 	github.com/opencontainers/go-digest v1.0.0
-	github.com/opencontainers/image-spec v1.1.0
+	github.com/opencontainers/image-spec v1.1.1
+	github.com/psviderski/unregistry v0.3.1
 	github.com/siderolabs/discovery-api v0.1.4
 	github.com/siderolabs/discovery-client v0.1.9
 	github.com/siderolabs/grpc-proxy v0.5.1
-	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.8.1
+	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.9.1
 	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.10.0
-	github.com/vishvananda/netlink v1.3.0
+	github.com/vishvananda/netlink v1.3.1-0.20250303224720-0e7078ed04c8
 	go.uber.org/zap v1.27.0
 	go4.org/netipx v0.0.0-20231129151722-fdeea329fbba
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.33.0
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.36.0
-	golang.org/x/net v0.35.0
+	golang.org/x/net v0.38.0
-	golang.org/x/sync v0.11.0
+	golang.org/x/sync v0.14.0
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.31.0
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.36.0
+	golang.org/x/term v0.30.0
 	golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard v0.0.0-20231211153847-12269c276173
 	golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl v0.0.0-20230429144221-925a1e7659e6
-	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20241209162323-e6fa225c2576
+	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20250218202821-56aae31c358a
-	google.golang.org/grpc v1.68.1
+	google.golang.org/grpc v1.72.0
-	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.3
+	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.6
 	modernc.org/sqlite v1.36.3
 )
 
 require (
 	filippo.io/edwards25519 v1.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/AdaLogics/go-fuzz-headers v0.0.0-20230811130428-ced1acdcaa24 // indirect
+	github.com/AdaLogics/go-fuzz-headers v0.0.0-20240806141605-e8a1dd7889d6 // indirect
 	github.com/AndreasBriese/bbloom v0.0.0-20190825152654-46b345b51c96 // indirect
 	github.com/Azure/go-ansiterm v0.0.0-20210617225240-d185dfc1b5a1 // indirect
 	github.com/Masterminds/goutils v1.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/Masterminds/semver/v3 v3.2.1 // indirect
 	github.com/Masterminds/sprig/v3 v3.2.3 // indirect
 	github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.2 // indirect
-	github.com/OneOfOne/xxhash v1.2.8 // indirect
+	github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim v0.13.0 // indirect
 	github.com/antlr4-go/antlr/v4 v4.13.0 // indirect
 	github.com/armon/circbuf v0.0.0-20190214190532-5111143e8da2 // indirect
 	github.com/armon/go-metrics v0.4.1 // indirect
@@ -84,23 +89,28 @@ require (
 	github.com/catppuccin/go v0.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/cespare/xxhash v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 // indirect
-	github.com/charmbracelet/bubbles v0.20.0 // indirect
+	github.com/charmbracelet/colorprofile v0.2.3-0.20250311203215-f60798e515dc // indirect
-	github.com/charmbracelet/bubbletea v1.1.1 // indirect
+	github.com/charmbracelet/x/ansi v0.10.1 // indirect
-	github.com/charmbracelet/x/ansi v0.3.2 // indirect
+	github.com/charmbracelet/x/cellbuf v0.0.13-0.20250311204145-2c3ea96c31dd // indirect
 	github.com/charmbracelet/x/exp/strings v0.0.0-20240919170804-a4978c8e603a // indirect
-	github.com/charmbracelet/x/term v0.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/charmbracelet/x/term v0.2.1 // indirect
 	github.com/chzyer/readline v1.5.1 // indirect
 	github.com/cloudflare/cfssl v1.6.4 // indirect
+	github.com/containerd/cgroups/v3 v3.0.5 // indirect
 	github.com/containerd/console v1.0.4 // indirect
 	github.com/containerd/containerd v1.7.24 // indirect
-	github.com/containerd/containerd/api v1.7.19 // indirect
+	github.com/containerd/containerd/api v1.9.0 // indirect
-	github.com/containerd/continuity v0.4.4 // indirect
+	github.com/containerd/containerd/v2 v2.1.1 // indirect
-	github.com/containerd/errdefs v0.3.0 // indirect
+	github.com/containerd/continuity v0.4.5 // indirect
+	github.com/containerd/errdefs v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/containerd/errdefs/pkg v0.3.0 // indirect
+	github.com/containerd/fifo v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/containerd/log v0.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/containerd/platforms v0.2.1 // indirect
+	github.com/containerd/platforms v1.0.0-rc.1 // indirect
+	github.com/containerd/plugin v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/containerd/stargz-snapshotter/estargz v0.16.3 // indirect
-	github.com/containerd/ttrpc v1.2.5 // indirect
+	github.com/containerd/ttrpc v1.2.7 // indirect
-	github.com/containerd/typeurl/v2 v2.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/containerd/typeurl/v2 v2.2.3 // indirect
 	github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2 v2.0.6 // indirect
 	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/decred/dcrd/dcrec/secp256k1/v4 v4.3.0 // indirect
@@ -108,9 +118,12 @@ require (
 	github.com/dgraph-io/badger/v2 v2.2007.4 // indirect
 	github.com/dgraph-io/ristretto v0.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/dgryski/go-farm v0.0.0-20200201041132-a6ae2369ad13 // indirect
+	github.com/dgryski/go-rendezvous v0.0.0-20200823014737-9f7001d12a5f // indirect
+	github.com/distribution/distribution/v3 v3.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/dlclark/regexp2 v1.11.5 // indirect
 	github.com/docker/buildx v0.18.0 // indirect
 	github.com/docker/distribution v2.8.3+incompatible // indirect
-	github.com/docker/docker-credential-helpers v0.8.2 // indirect
+	github.com/docker/docker-credential-helpers v0.9.3 // indirect
 	github.com/docker/go v1.5.1-1.0.20160303222718-d30aec9fd63c // indirect
 	github.com/docker/go-events v0.0.0-20190806004212-e31b211e4f1c // indirect
 	github.com/docker/go-metrics v0.0.1 // indirect
@@ -131,7 +144,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/godbus/dbus/v5 v5.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/gofrs/flock v0.12.1 // indirect
 	github.com/gogo/protobuf v1.3.2 // indirect
-	github.com/golang/glog v1.2.2 // indirect
+	github.com/golang/glog v1.2.4 // indirect
 	github.com/golang/groupcache v0.0.0-20210331224755-41bb18bfe9da // indirect
 	github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.4 // indirect
 	github.com/golang/snappy v0.0.4 // indirect
@@ -141,8 +154,9 @@ require (
 	github.com/google/pprof v0.0.0-20250317173921-a4b03ec1a45e // indirect
 	github.com/google/shlex v0.0.0-20191202100458-e7afc7fbc510 // indirect
 	github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0 // indirect
+	github.com/gorilla/handlers v1.5.2 // indirect
 	github.com/gorilla/mux v1.8.1 // indirect
-	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.24.0 // indirect
+	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.26.1 // indirect
 	github.com/hashicorp/errwrap v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/hashicorp/go-immutable-radix v1.3.1 // indirect
 	github.com/hashicorp/go-msgpack v0.5.5 // indirect
@@ -152,6 +166,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/hashicorp/go-syslog v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/hashicorp/go-version v1.7.0 // indirect
 	github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru v1.0.2 // indirect
+	github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru/arc/v2 v2.0.7 // indirect
 	github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru/v2 v2.0.7 // indirect
 	github.com/hashicorp/logutils v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/hashicorp/mdns v1.0.5 // indirect
@@ -177,7 +192,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/jackc/pgx/v4 v4.18.3 // indirect
 	github.com/jbenet/goprocess v0.1.4 // indirect
 	github.com/josharian/native v1.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.17.11 // indirect
+	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.18.0 // indirect
 	github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.2.9 // indirect
 	github.com/lann/builder v0.0.0-20180802200727-47ae307949d0 // indirect
 	github.com/lann/ps v0.0.0-20150810152359-62de8c46ede0 // indirect
@@ -210,15 +225,16 @@ require (
 	github.com/moby/docker-image-spec v1.3.1 // indirect
 	github.com/moby/locker v1.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/moby/patternmatcher v0.6.0 // indirect
+	github.com/moby/sys/mountinfo v0.7.2 // indirect
 	github.com/moby/sys/sequential v0.6.0 // indirect
 	github.com/moby/sys/signal v0.7.1 // indirect
-	github.com/moby/sys/user v0.3.0 // indirect
+	github.com/moby/sys/user v0.4.0 // indirect
 	github.com/moby/sys/userns v0.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/morikuni/aec v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/mr-tron/base58 v1.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/muesli/ansi v0.0.0-20230316100256-276c6243b2f6 // indirect
 	github.com/muesli/cancelreader v0.2.2 // indirect
-	github.com/muesli/termenv v0.15.3-0.20240618155329-98d742f6907a // indirect
+	github.com/muesli/termenv v0.16.0 // indirect
 	github.com/multiformats/go-base32 v0.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/multiformats/go-base36 v0.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/multiformats/go-multiaddr v0.13.0 // indirect
@@ -231,19 +247,24 @@ require (
 	github.com/munnerz/goautoneg v0.0.0-20191010083416-a7dc8b61c822 // indirect
 	github.com/ncruces/go-strftime v0.1.9 // indirect
 	github.com/onsi/ginkgo/v2 v2.22.0 // indirect
+	github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec v1.2.1 // indirect
+	github.com/opencontainers/selinux v1.12.0 // indirect
 	github.com/pelletier/go-toml v1.9.5 // indirect
 	github.com/pires/go-proxyproto v0.7.0 // indirect
 	github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 // indirect
 	github.com/planetscale/vtprotobuf v0.6.1-0.20240319094008-0393e58bdf10 // indirect
-	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.1-0.20181226105442-5d4384ee4fb2 // indirect
 	github.com/polydawn/refmt v0.89.0 // indirect
 	github.com/posener/complete v1.2.3 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.20.5 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.22.0 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.1 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/common v0.61.0 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/common v0.62.0 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.15.1 // indirect
 	github.com/quic-go/qpack v0.5.1 // indirect
 	github.com/quic-go/quic-go v0.48.2 // indirect
+	github.com/redis/go-redis/extra/rediscmd/v9 v9.0.5 // indirect
+	github.com/redis/go-redis/extra/redisotel/v9 v9.0.5 // indirect
+	github.com/redis/go-redis/v9 v9.7.3 // indirect
 	github.com/remyoudompheng/bigfft v0.0.0-20230129092748-24d4a6f8daec // indirect
 	github.com/rivo/uniseg v0.4.7 // indirect
 	github.com/rs/xid v1.5.0 // indirect
@@ -258,13 +279,14 @@ require (
 	github.com/slackhq/nebula v1.6.1 // indirect
 	github.com/smallstep/certificates v0.26.1 // indirect
 	github.com/smallstep/nosql v0.6.1 // indirect
-	github.com/smallstep/pkcs7 v0.0.0-20231024181729-3b98ecc1ca81 // indirect
+	github.com/smallstep/pkcs7 v0.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/smallstep/scep v0.0.0-20231024192529-aee96d7ad34d // indirect
 	github.com/smallstep/truststore v0.13.0 // indirect
 	github.com/spaolacci/murmur3 v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/spf13/cast v1.7.0 // indirect
-	github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.5 // indirect
+	github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.6 // indirect
 	github.com/stoewer/go-strcase v1.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/stretchr/objx v0.5.2 // indirect
 	github.com/tailscale/tscert v0.0.0-20240517230440-bbccfbf48933 // indirect
 	github.com/theupdateframework/notary v0.7.0 // indirect
 	github.com/tonistiigi/dchapes-mode v0.0.0-20241001053921-ca0759fec205 // indirect
@@ -274,26 +296,39 @@ require (
 	github.com/tonistiigi/vt100 v0.0.0-20240514184818-90bafcd6abab // indirect
 	github.com/urfave/cli v1.22.16 // indirect
 	github.com/vbatts/tar-split v0.11.6 // indirect
-	github.com/vishvananda/netns v0.0.4 // indirect
+	github.com/vishvananda/netns v0.0.5 // indirect
 	github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonpointer v0.0.0-20190905194746-02993c407bfb // indirect
 	github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonreference v0.0.0-20180127040603-bd5ef7bd5415 // indirect
 	github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonschema v1.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/xo/terminfo v0.0.0-20220910002029-abceb7e1c41e // indirect
 	github.com/zeebo/blake3 v0.2.4 // indirect
-	go.etcd.io/bbolt v1.3.11 // indirect
+	go.etcd.io/bbolt v1.4.0 // indirect
 	go.opencensus.io v0.24.0 // indirect
 	go.opentelemetry.io/auto/sdk v1.1.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/google.golang.org/grpc/otelgrpc v0.49.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/bridges/prometheus v0.57.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/exporters/autoexport v0.57.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/google.golang.org/grpc/otelgrpc v0.60.0 // indirect
 	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/httptrace/otelhttptrace v0.46.1 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.58.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.60.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.33.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.35.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlpmetric/otlpmetricgrpc v0.44.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlplog/otlploggrpc v0.8.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace v1.33.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlplog/otlploghttp v0.8.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc v1.27.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlpmetric/otlpmetricgrpc v1.32.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.33.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlpmetric/otlpmetrichttp v1.32.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.33.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace v1.35.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric v1.32.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc v1.35.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.33.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracehttp v1.35.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v1.4.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/prometheus v0.54.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdoutlog v0.8.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdoutmetric v1.32.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdouttrace v1.32.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/log v0.8.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.35.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.35.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/log v0.8.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric v1.35.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.35.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v1.5.0 // indirect
 	go.step.sm/cli-utils v0.9.0 // indirect
 	go.step.sm/crypto v0.45.0 // indirect
 	go.step.sm/linkedca v0.20.1 // indirect
@@ -303,14 +338,14 @@ require (
 	go.uber.org/zap/exp v0.2.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/crypto/x509roots/fallback v0.0.0-20240507223354-67b13616a595 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20241215155358-4a5509556b9e // indirect
-	golang.org/x/mod v0.23.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/mod v0.24.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/term v0.29.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/text v0.23.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/text v0.22.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/time v0.8.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/tools v0.30.0 // indirect
 	golang.zx2c4.com/wintun v0.0.0-20230126152724-0fa3db229ce2 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20240401170217-c3f982113cda // indirect
+	google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20240903143218-8af14fe29dc1 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20241209162323-e6fa225c2576 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20250218202821-56aae31c358a // indirect
+	gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
 	gvisor.dev/gvisor v0.0.0-20230927004350-cbd86285d259 // indirect
 	howett.net/plist v1.0.0 // indirect

go.sum

@@ -1,22 +1,23 @@
 cloud.google.com/go v0.26.0/go.mod h1:aQUYkXzVsufM+DwF1aE+0xfcU+56JwCaLick0ClmMTw=
-cloud.google.com/go v0.112.2 h1:ZaGT6LiG7dBzi6zNOvVZwacaXlmf3lRqnC4DQzqyRQw=
+cloud.google.com/go v0.115.1 h1:Jo0SM9cQnSkYfp44+v+NQXHpcHqlnRJk2qxh6yvxxxQ=
-cloud.google.com/go/auth v0.4.1 h1:Z7YNIhlWRtrnKlZke7z3GMqzvuYzdc2z98F9D1NV5Hg=
+cloud.google.com/go v0.115.1/go.mod h1:DuujITeaufu3gL68/lOFIirVNJwQeyf5UXyi+Wbgknc=
-cloud.google.com/go/auth v0.4.1/go.mod h1:QVBuVEKpCn4Zp58hzRGvL0tjRGU0YqdRTdCHM1IHnro=
+cloud.google.com/go/auth v0.9.3 h1:VOEUIAADkkLtyfr3BLa3R8Ed/j6w1jTBmARx+wb5w5U=
-cloud.google.com/go/auth/oauth2adapt v0.2.2 h1:+TTV8aXpjeChS9M+aTtN/TjdQnzJvmzKFt//oWu7HX4=
+cloud.google.com/go/auth v0.9.3/go.mod h1:7z6VY+7h3KUdRov5F1i8NDP5ZzWKYmEPO842BgCsmTk=
-cloud.google.com/go/auth/oauth2adapt v0.2.2/go.mod h1:wcYjgpZI9+Yu7LyYBg4pqSiaRkfEK3GQcpb7C/uyF1Q=
+cloud.google.com/go/auth/oauth2adapt v0.2.4 h1:0GWE/FUsXhf6C+jAkWgYm7X9tK8cuEIfy19DBn6B6bY=
-cloud.google.com/go/compute v1.25.1 h1:ZRpHJedLtTpKgr3RV1Fx23NuaAEN1Zfx9hw1u4aJdjU=
+cloud.google.com/go/auth/oauth2adapt v0.2.4/go.mod h1:jC/jOpwFP6JBxhB3P5Rr0a9HLMC/Pe3eaL4NmdvqPtc=
-cloud.google.com/go/compute/metadata v0.5.0 h1:Zr0eK8JbFv6+Wi4ilXAR8FJ3wyNdpxHKJNPos6LTZOY=
+cloud.google.com/go/compute v1.28.0 h1:OPtBxMcheSS+DWfci803qvPly3d4w7Eu5ztKBcFfzwk=
-cloud.google.com/go/compute/metadata v0.5.0/go.mod h1:aHnloV2TPI38yx4s9+wAZhHykWvVCfu7hQbF+9CWoiY=
+cloud.google.com/go/compute/metadata v0.6.0 h1:A6hENjEsCDtC1k8byVsgwvVcioamEHvZ4j01OwKxG9I=
-cloud.google.com/go/iam v1.1.8 h1:r7umDwhj+BQyz0ScZMp4QrGXjSTI3ZINnpgU2nlB/K0=
+cloud.google.com/go/compute/metadata v0.6.0/go.mod h1:FjyFAW1MW0C203CEOMDTu3Dk1FlqW3Rga40jzHL4hfg=
-cloud.google.com/go/iam v1.1.8/go.mod h1:GvE6lyMmfxXauzNq8NbgJbeVQNspG+tcdL/W8QO1+zE=
+cloud.google.com/go/iam v1.2.1 h1:QFct02HRb7H12J/3utj0qf5tobFh9V4vR6h9eX5EBRU=
-cloud.google.com/go/kms v1.16.0 h1:1yZsRPhmargZOmY+fVAh8IKiR9HzCb0U1zsxb5g2nRY=
+cloud.google.com/go/iam v1.2.1/go.mod h1:3VUIJDPpwT6p/amXRC5GY8fCCh70lxPygguVtI0Z4/g=
-cloud.google.com/go/kms v1.16.0/go.mod h1:olQUXy2Xud+1GzYfiBO9N0RhjsJk5IJLU6n/ethLXVc=
+cloud.google.com/go/kms v1.19.0 h1:x0OVJDl6UH1BSX4THKlMfdcFWoE4ruh90ZHuilZekrU=
-cloud.google.com/go/longrunning v0.5.7 h1:WLbHekDbjK1fVFD3ibpFFVoyizlLRl73I7YKuAKilhU=
+cloud.google.com/go/kms v1.19.0/go.mod h1:e4imokuPJUc17Trz2s6lEXFDt8bgDmvpVynH39bdrHM=
-cloud.google.com/go/longrunning v0.5.7/go.mod h1:8GClkudohy1Fxm3owmBGid8W0pSgodEMwEAztp38Xng=
+cloud.google.com/go/longrunning v0.6.0 h1:mM1ZmaNsQsnb+5n1DNPeL0KwQd9jQRqSqSDEkBZr+aI=
+cloud.google.com/go/longrunning v0.6.0/go.mod h1:uHzSZqW89h7/pasCWNYdUpwGz3PcVWhrWupreVPYLts=
 filippo.io/edwards25519 v1.1.0 h1:FNf4tywRC1HmFuKW5xopWpigGjJKiJSV0Cqo0cJWDaA=
 filippo.io/edwards25519 v1.1.0/go.mod h1:BxyFTGdWcka3PhytdK4V28tE5sGfRvvvRV7EaN4VDT4=
-github.com/AdaLogics/go-fuzz-headers v0.0.0-20230811130428-ced1acdcaa24 h1:bvDV9vkmnHYOMsOr4WLk+Vo07yKIzd94sVoIqshQ4bU=
+github.com/AdaLogics/go-fuzz-headers v0.0.0-20240806141605-e8a1dd7889d6 h1:He8afgbRMd7mFxO99hRNu+6tazq8nFF9lIwo9JFroBk=
-github.com/AdaLogics/go-fuzz-headers v0.0.0-20230811130428-ced1acdcaa24/go.mod h1:8o94RPi1/7XTJvwPpRSzSUedZrtlirdB3r9Z20bi2f8=
+github.com/AdaLogics/go-fuzz-headers v0.0.0-20240806141605-e8a1dd7889d6/go.mod h1:8o94RPi1/7XTJvwPpRSzSUedZrtlirdB3r9Z20bi2f8=
 github.com/AdamKorcz/go-118-fuzz-build v0.0.0-20230306123547-8075edf89bb0 h1:59MxjQVfjXsBpLy+dbd2/ELV5ofnUkUZBvWSC85sheA=
 github.com/AdamKorcz/go-118-fuzz-build v0.0.0-20230306123547-8075edf89bb0/go.mod h1:OahwfttHWG6eJ0clwcfBAHoDI6X/LV/15hx/wlMZSrU=
 github.com/AndreasBriese/bbloom v0.0.0-20190825152654-46b345b51c96 h1:cTp8I5+VIoKjsnZuH8vjyaysT/ses3EvZeaV/1UkF2M=
@@ -45,14 +46,20 @@ github.com/Masterminds/squirrel v1.5.4/go.mod h1:NNaOrjSoIDfDA40n7sr2tPNZRfjzjA4
 github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.0/go.mod h1:cTAf44im0RAYeL23bpB+fzCyDH2MJiz2BO69KH/soAE=
 github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.2 h1:F2VQgta7ecxGYO8k3ZZz3RS8fVIXVxONVUPlNERoyfY=
 github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.2/go.mod h1:yd8OoFMLzJbo9gZq8j5qaps8bJ9aShtEA8Ipt1oGCvU=
-github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim v0.12.5 h1:bpTInLlDy/nDRWFVcefDZZ1+U8tS+rz3MxjKgu9boo0=
+github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim v0.13.0 h1:/BcXOiS6Qi7N9XqUcv27vkIuVOkBEcWstd2pMlWSeaA=
-github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim v0.12.5/go.mod h1:tIUGego4G1EN5Hb6KC90aDYiUI2dqLSTTOCjVNpOgZ8=
+github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim v0.13.0/go.mod h1:9KWJ/8DgU+QzYGupX4tzMhRQE8h6w90lH6HAaclpEok=
 github.com/OneOfOne/xxhash v1.2.2/go.mod h1:HSdplMjZKSmBqAxg5vPj2TmRDmfkzw+cTzAElWljhcU=
 github.com/OneOfOne/xxhash v1.2.8 h1:31czK/TI9sNkxIKfaUfGlU47BAxQ0ztGgd9vPyqimf8=
 github.com/OneOfOne/xxhash v1.2.8/go.mod h1:eZbhyaAYD41SGSSsnmcpxVoRiQ/MPUTjUdIIOT9Um7Q=
 github.com/Shopify/logrus-bugsnag v0.0.0-20170309145241-6dbc35f2c30d/go.mod h1:HI8ITrYtUY+O+ZhtlqUnD8+KwNPOyugEhfP9fdUIaEQ=
 github.com/Shopify/logrus-bugsnag v0.0.0-20171204204709-577dee27f20d h1:UrqY+r/OJnIp5u0s1SbQ8dVfLCZJsnvazdBP5hS4iRs=
 github.com/Shopify/logrus-bugsnag v0.0.0-20171204204709-577dee27f20d/go.mod h1:HI8ITrYtUY+O+ZhtlqUnD8+KwNPOyugEhfP9fdUIaEQ=
+github.com/alecthomas/assert/v2 v2.11.0 h1:2Q9r3ki8+JYXvGsDyBXwH3LcJ+WK5D0gc5E8vS6K3D0=
+github.com/alecthomas/assert/v2 v2.11.0/go.mod h1:Bze95FyfUr7x34QZrjL+XP+0qgp/zg8yS+TtBj1WA3k=
+github.com/alecthomas/chroma/v2 v2.20.0 h1:sfIHpxPyR07/Oylvmcai3X/exDlE8+FA820NTz+9sGw=
+github.com/alecthomas/chroma/v2 v2.20.0/go.mod h1:e7tViK0xh/Nf4BYHl00ycY6rV7b8iXBksI9E359yNmA=
+github.com/alecthomas/repr v0.5.1 h1:E3G4t2QbHTSNpPKBgMTln5KLkZHLOcU7r37J4pXBuIg=
+github.com/alecthomas/repr v0.5.1/go.mod h1:Fr0507jx4eOXV7AlPV6AVZLYrLIuIeSOWtW57eE/O/4=
 github.com/alecthomas/template v0.0.0-20160405071501-a0175ee3bccc/go.mod h1:LOuyumcjzFXgccqObfd/Ljyb9UuFJ6TxHnclSeseNhc=
 github.com/alecthomas/template v0.0.0-20190718012654-fb15b899a751/go.mod h1:LOuyumcjzFXgccqObfd/Ljyb9UuFJ6TxHnclSeseNhc=
 github.com/alecthomas/units v0.0.0-20151022065526-2efee857e7cf/go.mod h1:ybxpYRFXyAe+OPACYpWeL0wqObRcbAqCMya13uyzqw0=
@@ -121,6 +128,12 @@ github.com/bgentry/speakeasy v0.2.0/go.mod h1:+zsyZBPWlz7T6j88CTgSN5bM796AkVf0kB
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@@ -222,7 +246,6 @@ github.com/coreos/go-systemd/v22 v22.5.0 h1:RrqgGjYQKalulkV8NGVIfkXQf6YYmOyiJKk8
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@@ -257,8 +280,14 @@ github.com/dgraph-io/ristretto v0.1.1/go.mod h1:S1GPSBCYCIhmVNfcth17y2zZtQT6wzkz
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@@ -270,8 +299,8 @@ github.com/docker/distribution v2.8.3+incompatible h1:AtKxIZ36LoNK51+Z6RpzLpddBi
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@@ -312,8 +341,8 @@ github.com/francoispqt/gojay v1.2.13/go.mod h1:ehT5mTG4ua4581f1++1WLG0vPdaA9HaiD
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@@ -361,8 +390,8 @@ github.com/gogo/protobuf v1.3.2 h1:Ov1cvc58UF3b5XjBnZv7+opcTcQFZebYjWzi34vdm4Q=
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@@ -403,6 +432,7 @@ github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.0/go.mod h1:v8dTdLbMG2kIc/vJvl+f65V22dbkXbowE6jgT/
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@@ -419,28 +449,30 @@ github.com/google/gopacket v1.1.19/go.mod h1:iJ8V8n6KS+z2U1A8pUwu8bW5SyEMkXJB8Yo
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@@ -473,6 +505,8 @@ github.com/hashicorp/go-version v1.7.0/go.mod h1:fltr4n8CU8Ke44wwGCBoEymUuxUHl09
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@@ -487,6 +521,8 @@ github.com/hashicorp/memberlist v0.5.1 h1:mk5dRuzeDNis2bi6LLoQIXfMH7JQvAzt3mQD0v
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@@ -619,8 +655,8 @@ github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter v1.2.0/go.mod h1:SYymIcj16QtmaHHD7aYtjjsJG7V
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@@ -774,8 +810,8 @@ github.com/moby/sys/sequential v0.6.0 h1:qrx7XFUd/5DxtqcoH1h438hF5TmOvzC/lspjy7z
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@@ -793,8 +829,8 @@ github.com/muesli/ansi v0.0.0-20230316100256-276c6243b2f6 h1:ZK8zHtRHOkbHy6Mmr5D
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@@ -835,12 +871,12 @@ github.com/opencontainers/go-digest v0.0.0-20170106003457-a6d0ee40d420/go.mod h1
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@@ -1107,39 +1158,61 @@ github.com/zmap/zcrypto v0.0.0-20210511125630-18f1e0152cfc h1:zkGwegkOW709y0oiAr
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 github.com/zmap/zlint/v3 v3.1.0 h1:WjVytZo79m/L1+/Mlphl09WBob6YTGljN5IGWZFpAv0=
 github.com/zmap/zlint/v3 v3.1.0/go.mod h1:L7t8s3sEKkb0A2BxGy1IWrxt1ZATa1R4QfJZaQOD3zU=
-go.etcd.io/bbolt v1.3.11 h1:yGEzV1wPz2yVCLsD8ZAiGHhHVlczyC9d1rP43/VCRJ0=
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 go.opencensus.io v0.22.5/go.mod h1:5pWMHQbX5EPX2/62yrJeAkowc+lfs/XD7Uxpq3pI6kk=
 go.opencensus.io v0.24.0 h1:y73uSU6J157QMP2kn2r30vwW1A2W2WFwSCGnAVxeaD0=
 go.opencensus.io v0.24.0/go.mod h1:vNK8G9p7aAivkbmorf4v+7Hgx+Zs0yY+0fOtgBfjQKo=
 go.opentelemetry.io/auto/sdk v1.1.0 h1:cH53jehLUN6UFLY71z+NDOiNJqDdPRaXzTel0sJySYA=
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 go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/httptrace/otelhttptrace v0.46.1 h1:gbhw/u49SS3gkPWiYweQNJGm/uJN5GkI/FrosxSHT7A=
 go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/httptrace/otelhttptrace v0.46.1/go.mod h1:GnOaBaFQ2we3b9AGWJpsBa7v1S5RlQzlC3O7dRMxZhM=
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+go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v1.5.0 h1:xJvq7gMzB31/d406fB8U5CBdyQGw4P399D1aQWU/3i4=
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 go.step.sm/cli-utils v0.9.0 h1:55jYcsQbnArNqepZyAwcato6Zy2MoZDRkWW+jF+aPfQ=
 go.step.sm/cli-utils v0.9.0/go.mod h1:Y/CRoWl1FVR9j+7PnAewufAwKmBOTzR6l9+7EYGAnp8=
 go.step.sm/crypto v0.45.0 h1:Z0WYAaaOYrJmKP9sJkPW+6wy3pgN3Ija8ek/D4serjc=
@@ -1199,9 +1272,12 @@ golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20210616213533-5ff15b29337e/go.mod h1:GvvjBRRGRdwPK5y
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20210711020723-a769d52b0f97/go.mod h1:GvvjBRRGRdwPK5ydBHafDWAxML/pGHZbMvKqRZ5+Abc=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20210921155107-089bfa567519/go.mod h1:GvvjBRRGRdwPK5ydBHafDWAxML/pGHZbMvKqRZ5+Abc=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.3.0/go.mod h1:hebNnKkNXi2UzZN1eVRvBB7co0a+JxK6XbPiWVs/3J4=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.13.0/go.mod h1:y6Z2r+Rw4iayiXXAIxJIDAJ1zMW4yaTpebo8fPOliYc=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.19.0/go.mod h1:Iy9bg/ha4yyC70EfRS8jz+B6ybOBKMaSxLj6P6oBDfU=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.33.0 h1:IOBPskki6Lysi0lo9qQvbxiQ+FvsCC/YWOecCHAixus=
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-golang.org/x/crypto v0.33.0/go.mod h1:bVdXmD7IV/4GdElGPozy6U7lWdRXA4qyRVGJV57uQ5M=
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+golang.org/x/crypto v0.36.0/go.mod h1:Y4J0ReaxCR1IMaabaSMugxJES1EpwhBHhv2bDHklZvc=
 golang.org/x/crypto/x509roots/fallback v0.0.0-20240507223354-67b13616a595 h1:TgSqweA595vD0Zt86JzLv3Pb/syKg8gd5KMGGbJPYFw=
 golang.org/x/crypto/x509roots/fallback v0.0.0-20240507223354-67b13616a595/go.mod h1:kNa9WdvYnzFwC79zRpLRMJbdEFlhyM5RPFBBZp/wWH8=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20190121172915-509febef88a4/go.mod h1:CJ0aWSM057203Lf6IL+f9T1iT9GByDxfZKAQTCR3kQA=
@@ -1218,8 +1294,11 @@ golang.org/x/mod v0.3.0/go.mod h1:s0Qsj1ACt9ePp/hMypM3fl4fZqREWJwdYDEqhRiZZUA=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.4.2/go.mod h1:s0Qsj1ACt9ePp/hMypM3fl4fZqREWJwdYDEqhRiZZUA=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.6.0-dev.0.20220419223038-86c51ed26bb4/go.mod h1:jJ57K6gSWd91VN4djpZkiMVwK6gcyfeH4XE8wZrZaV4=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.8.0/go.mod h1:iBbtSCu2XBx23ZKBPSOrRkjjQPZFPuis4dIYUhu/chs=
-golang.org/x/mod v0.23.0 h1:Zb7khfcRGKk+kqfxFaP5tZqCnDZMjC5VtUBs87Hr6QM=
+golang.org/x/mod v0.12.0/go.mod h1:iBbtSCu2XBx23ZKBPSOrRkjjQPZFPuis4dIYUhu/chs=
-golang.org/x/mod v0.23.0/go.mod h1:6SkKJ3Xj0I0BrPOZoBy3bdMptDDU9oJrpohJ3eWZ1fY=
+golang.org/x/mod v0.15.0/go.mod h1:hTbmBsO62+eylJbnUtE2MGJUyE7QWk4xUqPFrRgJ+7c=
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+golang.org/x/mod v0.24.0/go.mod h1:IXM97Txy2VM4PJ3gI61r1YEk/gAj6zAHN3AdZt6S9Ww=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20180724234803-3673e40ba225/go.mod h1:mL1N/T3taQHkDXs73rZJwtUhF3w3ftmwwsq0BUmARs4=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20180826012351-8a410e7b638d/go.mod h1:mL1N/T3taQHkDXs73rZJwtUhF3w3ftmwwsq0BUmARs4=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20180906233101-161cd47e91fd/go.mod h1:mL1N/T3taQHkDXs73rZJwtUhF3w3ftmwwsq0BUmARs4=
@@ -1241,11 +1320,14 @@ golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20220722155237-a158d28d115b/go.mod h1:XRhObCWvk6IyKnWLug
 golang.org/x/net v0.2.0/go.mod h1:KqCZLdyyvdV855qA2rE3GC2aiw5xGR5TEjj8smXukLY=
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 golang.org/x/net v0.10.0/go.mod h1:0qNGK6F8kojg2nk9dLZ2mShWaEBan6FAoqfSigmmuDg=
-golang.org/x/net v0.35.0 h1:T5GQRQb2y08kTAByq9L4/bz8cipCdA8FbRTXewonqY8=
+golang.org/x/net v0.15.0/go.mod h1:idbUs1IY1+zTqbi8yxTbhexhEEk5ur9LInksu6HrEpk=
-golang.org/x/net v0.35.0/go.mod h1:EglIi67kWsHKlRzzVMUD93VMSWGFOMSZgxFjparz1Qk=
+golang.org/x/net v0.21.0/go.mod h1:bIjVDfnllIU7BJ2DNgfnXvpSvtn8VRwhlsaeUTyUS44=
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@@ -1256,8 +1338,12 @@ golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20201020160332-67f06af15bc9/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJ
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20210220032951-036812b2e83c/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20220722155255-886fb9371eb4/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
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@@ -1304,18 +1390,25 @@ golang.org/x/sys v0.5.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
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@@ -1325,9 +1418,12 @@ golang.org/x/text v0.3.7/go.mod h1:u+2+/6zg+i71rQMx5EYifcz6MCKuco9NR6JIITiCfzQ=
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-golang.org/x/text v0.22.0 h1:bofq7m3/HAFvbF51jz3Q9wLg3jkvSPuiZu/pD1XwgtM=
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@@ -1349,6 +1445,8 @@ golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20210106214847-113979e3529a/go.mod h1:emZCQorbCU4vsT4f
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@@ -1363,20 +1461,20 @@ golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard v0.0.0-20231211153847-12269c276173 h1:/jFs0duh4rdb8uI
 golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard v0.0.0-20231211153847-12269c276173/go.mod h1:tkCQ4FQXmpAgYVh++1cq16/dH4QJtmvpRv19DWGAHSA=
 golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl v0.0.0-20230429144221-925a1e7659e6 h1:CawjfCvYQH2OU3/TnxLx97WDSUDRABfT18pCOYwc2GE=
 golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl v0.0.0-20230429144221-925a1e7659e6/go.mod h1:3rxYc4HtVcSG9gVaTs2GEBdehh+sYPOwKtyUWEOTb80=
-google.golang.org/api v0.180.0 h1:M2D87Yo0rGBPWpo1orwfCLehUUL6E7/TYe5gvMQWDh4=
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@@ -1384,8 +1482,8 @@ google.golang.org/grpc v1.23.0/go.mod h1:Y5yQAOtifL1yxbo5wqy6BxZv8vAUGQwXBOALyac
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-google.golang.org/grpc v1.68.1 h1:oI5oTa11+ng8r8XMMN7jAOmWfPZWbYpCFaMUTACxkM0=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.72.0 h1:S7UkcVa60b5AAQTaO6ZKamFp1zMZSU0fGDK2WZLbBnM=
-google.golang.org/grpc v1.68.1/go.mod h1:+q1XYFJjShcqn0QZHvCyeR4CXPA+llXIeUIfIe00waw=
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 google.golang.org/protobuf v0.0.0-20200109180630-ec00e32a8dfd/go.mod h1:DFci5gLYBciE7Vtevhsrf46CRTquxDuWsQurQQe4oz8=
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@@ -1395,8 +1493,8 @@ google.golang.org/protobuf v1.22.0/go.mod h1:EGpADcykh3NcUnDUJcl1+ZksZNG86OlYog2
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 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.25.0/go.mod h1:9JNX74DMeImyA3h4bdi1ymwjUzf21/xIlbajtzgsN7c=
-google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.3 h1:82DV7MYdb8anAVi3qge1wSnMDrnKK7ebr+I0hHRN1BU=
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-google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.3/go.mod h1:9fA7Ob0pmnwhb644+1+CVWFRbNajQ6iRojtC/QF5bRE=
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@@ -1438,8 +1536,8 @@ honnef.co/go/tools v0.0.0-20190523083050-ea95bdfd59fc/go.mod h1:rf3lG4BRIbNafJWh
 honnef.co/go/tools v0.0.1-2019.2.3/go.mod h1:a3bituU0lyd329TUQxRnasdCoJDkEUEAqEt0JzvZhAg=
 howett.net/plist v1.0.0 h1:7CrbWYbPPO/PyNy38b2EB/+gYbjCe2DXBxgtOOZbSQM=
 howett.net/plist v1.0.0/go.mod h1:lqaXoTrLY4hg8tnEzNru53gicrbv7rrk+2xJA/7hw9g=
-k8s.io/klog/v2 v2.110.1 h1:U/Af64HJf7FcwMcXyKm2RPM22WZzyR7OSpYj5tg3cL0=
+k8s.io/klog/v2 v2.130.1 h1:n9Xl7H1Xvksem4KFG4PYbdQCQxqc/tTUyrgXaOhHSzk=
-k8s.io/klog/v2 v2.110.1/go.mod h1:YGtd1984u+GgbuZ7e08/yBuAfKLSO0+uR1Fhi6ExXjo=
+k8s.io/klog/v2 v2.130.1/go.mod h1:3Jpz1GvMt720eyJH1ckRHK1EDfpxISzJ7I9OYgaDtPE=
 lukechampine.com/blake3 v1.3.0 h1:sJ3XhFINmHSrYCgl958hscfIa3bw8x4DqMP3u1YvoYE=
 lukechampine.com/blake3 v1.3.0/go.mod h1:0OFRp7fBtAylGVCO40o87sbupkyIGgbpv1+M1k1LM6k=
 modernc.org/cc/v4 v4.24.4 h1:TFkx1s6dCkQpd6dKurBNmpo+G8Zl4Sq/ztJ+2+DEsh0=

internal/cli/cli.go

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package cli
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/netip"
 	"os"
@@ -10,7 +9,6 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/streams"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli/config"
-	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/fs"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/machine"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/machine/api/pb"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/sshexec"
@@ -26,7 +24,7 @@ const (
 	// DefaultSSHKeyPath is the fallback location for the SSH private key when provisioning remote machines.
 	// Used when no key is explicitly provided and SSH agent authentication fails.
 	DefaultSSHKeyPath  = "~/.ssh/id_ed25519"
-	defaultContextName = "default"
+	DefaultContextName = "default"
 )
 
 type CLI struct {
@@ -73,8 +71,18 @@ func (cli *CLI) SetCurrentContext(name string) error {
 // ConnectCluster connects to a cluster using the given context name or the current context if not specified.
 // If the CLI was initialised with a machine connection, the config is ignored and the connection is used instead.
 func (cli *CLI) ConnectCluster(ctx context.Context, contextName string) (*client.Client, error) {
+	return cli.ConnectClusterWithOptions(ctx, contextName, ConnectOptions{
+		// Default to showing progress for CLI usage.
+		ShowProgress: true,
+	})
+}
+
+// ConnectClusterWithOptions connects to a cluster using the given context name and options.
+// If the CLI was initialised with a machine connection, the config is ignored and the connection is used instead.
+// Options are useful when using the CLI as a library where you may want to disable visual feedback.
+func (cli *CLI) ConnectClusterWithOptions(ctx context.Context, contextName string, opts ConnectOptions) (*client.Client, error) {
 	if cli.conn != nil {
-		return connectCluster(ctx, *cli.conn)
+		return ConnectCluster(ctx, *cli.conn, opts)
 	}
 
 	if len(cli.Config.Contexts) == 0 {
@@ -116,38 +124,20 @@ func (cli *CLI) ConnectCluster(ctx context.Context, contextName string) (*client
 		)
 	}
 
-	// TODO: iterate over all connections and try to connect to the cluster using the first successful connection.
+	// Try each connection in order until one succeeds.
-	conn := cfg.Connections[0]
+	var lastErr error
-
+	for _, conn := range cfg.Connections {
-	c, err := connectCluster(ctx, conn)
+		c, err := ConnectCluster(ctx, conn, opts)
-	if err != nil {
+		if err == nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("connect to cluster (context '%s'): %w", contextName, err)
-	}
-
 			return c, nil
-}
-
-func connectCluster(ctx context.Context, conn config.MachineConnection) (*client.Client, error) {
-	if conn.SSH != "" {
-		user, host, port, err := conn.SSH.Parse()
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("parse SSH connection %q: %w", conn.SSH, err)
 		}
 
-		keyPath := fs.ExpandHomeDir(conn.SSHKeyFile)
+		lastErr = err
-
-		sshConfig := &connector.SSHConnectorConfig{
-			User:    user,
-			Host:    host,
-			Port:    port,
-			KeyPath: keyPath,
-		}
-		return client.New(ctx, connector.NewSSHConnector(sshConfig))
-	} else if conn.TCP != nil && conn.TCP.IsValid() {
-		return client.New(ctx, connector.NewTCPConnector(*conn.TCP))
 	}
 
-	return nil, errors.New("connection configuration is invalid")
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to connect to cluster context '%s': "+
+		"all connections (%d) in the Uncloud config (%s) failed; last error: %w",
+		contextName, len(cfg.Connections), cli.Config.Path(), lastErr)
 }
 
 type InitClusterOptions struct {
@@ -156,6 +146,7 @@ type InitClusterOptions struct {
 	Network       netip.Prefix
 	PublicIP      *netip.Addr
 	RemoteMachine *RemoteMachine
+	SkipInstall   bool
 	Version       string
 }
 
@@ -170,15 +161,12 @@ func (cli *CLI) InitCluster(ctx context.Context, opts InitClusterOptions) (*clie
 }
 
 func (cli *CLI) initRemoteMachine(ctx context.Context, opts InitClusterOptions) (*client.Client, error) {
-	contextName := opts.Context
+	contextName, err := cli.newContextName(opts.Context)
-	if contextName == "" {
+	if err != nil {
-		contextName = defaultContextName
+		return nil, err
-	}
-	if _, ok := cli.Config.Contexts[contextName]; ok {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("cluster context '%s' already exists", contextName)
 	}
 
-	machineClient, err := provisionRemoteMachine(ctx, opts.RemoteMachine, opts.Version)
+	machineClient, err := provisionOrConnectRemoteMachine(ctx, opts.RemoteMachine, opts.SkipInstall, opts.Version)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -250,11 +238,38 @@ func (cli *CLI) initRemoteMachine(ctx context.Context, opts InitClusterOptions)
 	return machineClient, nil
 }
 
+// newContextName returns a unique name for a new cluster context. If the provided name is not DefaultContextName,
+// and it's already taken, an error is returned. If the name is not provided or is DefaultContextName, the first
+// available name "default[-N]" is returned.
+func (cli *CLI) newContextName(name string) (string, error) {
+	if name == "" {
+		name = DefaultContextName
+	}
+
+	if _, exists := cli.Config.Contexts[name]; !exists {
+		return name, nil
+	}
+
+	// If non-default context already exists, error out.
+	if name != DefaultContextName {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("cluster context '%s' already exists", name)
+	}
+
+	// The default context already exists, generate a numbered suffix to make it unique.
+	for i := 1; ; i++ {
+		name = fmt.Sprintf("%s-%d", DefaultContextName, i)
+		if _, exists := cli.Config.Contexts[name]; !exists {
+			return name, nil
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 type AddMachineOptions struct {
 	Context       string
 	MachineName   string
 	PublicIP      *netip.Addr
 	RemoteMachine *RemoteMachine
+	SkipInstall   bool
 	Version       string
 }
 
@@ -277,7 +292,7 @@ func (cli *CLI) AddMachine(ctx context.Context, opts AddMachineOptions) (*client
 		}
 	}()
 
-	machineClient, err := provisionRemoteMachine(ctx, opts.RemoteMachine, opts.Version)
+	machineClient, err := provisionOrConnectRemoteMachine(ctx, opts.RemoteMachine, opts.SkipInstall, opts.Version)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, err
 	}
@@ -395,15 +410,16 @@ func (cli *CLI) AddMachine(ctx context.Context, opts AddMachineOptions) (*client
 	return c, machineClient, nil
 }
 
-// provisionRemoteMachine installs the Uncloud daemon and dependencies on the remote machine over SSH and returns
+// provisionOrConnectRemoteMachine installs the Uncloud daemon and dependencies on the remote machine over SSH and
-// a machine API client to interact with the machine. The client should be closed after use by the caller.
+// returns a machine API client to interact with the machine. The client should be closed after use by the caller.
 // The version parameter specifies the version of the Uncloud daemon to install. If empty, the latest version is used.
+// If skipInstall is true, the installation step is skipped, and it is assumed that the Uncloud daemon and dependencies
+// are already installed and running.
 // The remoteMachine.SSHKeyPath could be updated to the default SSH key path if it is not set and the SSH agent
 // authentication fails.
-func provisionRemoteMachine(
+func provisionOrConnectRemoteMachine(
-	ctx context.Context, remoteMachine *RemoteMachine, version string,
+	ctx context.Context, remoteMachine *RemoteMachine, skipInstall bool, version string,
 ) (*client.Client, error) {
-	// Provision the remote machine by installing the Uncloud daemon and dependencies over SSH.
 	sshClient, err := sshexec.Connect(remoteMachine.User, remoteMachine.Host, remoteMachine.Port, remoteMachine.KeyPath)
 	// If the SSH connection using SSH agent fails and no key path is provided, try to use the default SSH key.
 	if err != nil && remoteMachine.KeyPath == "" {
@@ -418,14 +434,17 @@ func provisionRemoteMachine(
 			config.NewSSHDestination(remoteMachine.User, remoteMachine.Host, remoteMachine.Port), err,
 		)
 	}
+
+	if !skipInstall {
+		// Provision the remote machine by installing the Uncloud daemon and dependencies over SSH.
 		exec := sshexec.NewRemote(sshClient)
-	// Install and run the Uncloud daemon and dependencies on the remote machine.
 		if err = provisionMachine(ctx, exec, version); err != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("provision machine: %w", err)
 		}
+	}
 
 	var machineClient *client.Client
-	if remoteMachine.User == "root" {
+	if remoteMachine.User == "root" || skipInstall {
 		// Create a machine API client over the established SSH connection to the remote machine.
 		machineClient, err = client.New(ctx, connector.NewSSHConnectorFromClient(sshClient))
 	} else {

internal/cli/config/config.go

@@ -53,6 +53,10 @@ func (c *Config) Read() error {
 
 func (c *Config) Save() error {
 	dir, _ := filepath.Split(c.path)
+	// If dir is empty (e.g., when path is just a filename), use current directory
+	if dir == "" {
+		dir = "."
+	}
 	if err := os.MkdirAll(dir, 0o700); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("create config directory '%s': %w", dir, err)
 	}

internal/cli/config/config_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+package config
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestConfig_Save(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	// Create a temporary directory for the test
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+
+	// Change to temp directory so relative paths resolve correctly
+	originalDir, err := os.Getwd()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to get current directory: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if err := os.Chdir(originalDir); err != nil {
+			t.Logf("Failed to restore original directory: %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name            string
+		configPath      string
+		contextName     string
+		expectFileAt    string // Expected file location for verification
+		useAbsolutePath bool   // Whether to use absolute path for expectFileAt
+	}{
+		{
+			name:        "relative path without prefix",
+			configPath:  "test-config.yaml",
+			contextName: "test",
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "relative path with prefix",
+			configPath:  "./test-config-2.yaml",
+			contextName: "test2",
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "absolute path",
+			configPath:  filepath.Join(tmpDir, "absolute-config.yaml"),
+			contextName: "test3",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			if err := os.Chdir(tmpDir); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("Failed to change to temp directory: %v", err)
+			}
+
+			cfg := &Config{
+				CurrentContext: tt.contextName,
+				Contexts: map[string]*Context{
+					tt.contextName: {
+						Name: tt.contextName,
+					},
+				},
+				path: tt.configPath,
+			}
+
+			// This should not fail when saving the config
+			err := cfg.Save()
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Errorf("Expected no error when saving config, got: %v", err)
+			}
+
+			// Verify the file was created
+			if _, err := os.Stat(tt.configPath); os.IsNotExist(err) {
+				t.Errorf("Config file was not created at expected path: %s", tt.configPath)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

internal/cli/config/connection.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package config
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"net/netip"
 	"strconv"
@@ -24,6 +25,15 @@ type MachineConnection struct {
 	PublicKey secret.Secret   `yaml:"public_key,omitempty"`
 }
 
+func (c MachineConnection) String() string {
+	if c.SSH != "" {
+		return string(c.SSH)
+	} else if c.TCP != nil && c.TCP.IsValid() {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("tcp://%s", c.TCP)
+	}
+	return "unknown connection"
+}
+
 // SSHDestination represents an SSH destination string in the canonical form of "user@host:port".
 // The default user "root" and port 22 can be omitted.
 type SSHDestination string

internal/cli/connect.go

@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+package cli
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/charmbracelet/bubbles/spinner"
+	tea "github.com/charmbracelet/bubbletea"
+	"github.com/charmbracelet/lipgloss"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli/config"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/fs"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/client"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/client/connector"
+)
+
+// ConnectOptions configures the behavior of cluster connection attempts.
+type ConnectOptions struct {
+	// Whether to show connection progress spinner if stdout is a terminal or progress logs if not.
+	ShowProgress bool
+}
+
+func ConnectCluster(ctx context.Context, conn config.MachineConnection, opts ConnectOptions) (*client.Client, error) {
+	if opts.ShowProgress {
+		return connectClusterWithProgress(ctx, conn)
+	}
+	return connectCluster(ctx, conn)
+}
+
+// connectClusterWithProgress connects to the cluster while displaying a progress spinner.
+// If the stdout is not a terminal, it falls back to simple progress logs to stderr.
+func connectClusterWithProgress(ctx context.Context, conn config.MachineConnection) (*client.Client, error) {
+	// If stdout is not a terminal, fall back to simple progress logs.
+	if !IsStdoutTerminal() {
+		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "Connecting to", conn.String())
+		cli, err := connectCluster(ctx, conn)
+		if err != nil {
+			fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "Connection failed:", err)
+		} else {
+			fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "Connected to cluster.")
+		}
+		return cli, err
+	}
+
+	// Run the connection TUI model.
+	p := tea.NewProgram(newConnectModel(ctx, conn))
+	model, err := p.Run()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("run connection TUI: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	m := model.(connectModel)
+	return m.result.client, m.result.err
+}
+
+func connectCluster(ctx context.Context, conn config.MachineConnection) (*client.Client, error) {
+	if conn.SSH != "" {
+		user, host, port, err := conn.SSH.Parse()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("parse SSH connection %q: %w", conn.SSH, err)
+		}
+
+		keyPath := fs.ExpandHomeDir(conn.SSHKeyFile)
+
+		sshConfig := &connector.SSHConnectorConfig{
+			User:    user,
+			Host:    host,
+			Port:    port,
+			KeyPath: keyPath,
+		}
+		return client.New(ctx, connector.NewSSHConnector(sshConfig))
+	} else if conn.TCP != nil && conn.TCP.IsValid() {
+		return client.New(ctx, connector.NewTCPConnector(*conn.TCP))
+	}
+
+	return nil, errors.New("connection configuration is invalid")
+}
+
+// connectModel is a TUI model for connecting to a cluster with a progress spinner.
+type connectModel struct {
+	ctx     context.Context
+	conn    config.MachineConnection
+	spinner spinner.Model
+	// showSpinner controls whether the spinner is visible (delayed to avoid flashing).
+	showSpinner bool
+	// done indicates whether the connection attempt has completed (successfully or with error).
+	done bool
+	// result holds the result of the connection attempt.
+	result connectResultMsg
+}
+
+type connectResultMsg struct {
+	client *client.Client
+	err    error
+}
+
+// showSpinnerMsg is sent after a delay to show the spinner.
+type showSpinnerMsg struct{}
+
+func newConnectModel(ctx context.Context, conn config.MachineConnection) connectModel {
+	s := spinner.New()
+	s.Spinner = spinner.MiniDot
+	s.Style = lipgloss.NewStyle().Foreground(lipgloss.Color("3")) // the same yellow as in compose progress
+
+	return connectModel{
+		ctx:     ctx,
+		conn:    conn,
+		spinner: s,
+	}
+}
+
+func (m connectModel) Init() tea.Cmd {
+	return tea.Batch(
+		m.spinner.Tick,
+		m.connect(),
+		m.delayShowSpinner(),
+	)
+}
+
+func (m connectModel) connect() tea.Cmd {
+	return func() tea.Msg {
+		cli, err := connectCluster(m.ctx, m.conn)
+		return connectResultMsg{
+			client: cli,
+			err:    err,
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// delayShowSpinner returns a command that sends a message to show the spinner after a delay.
+// This avoids flashing the spinner if the connection is fast.
+func (m connectModel) delayShowSpinner() tea.Cmd {
+	return tea.Tick(500*time.Millisecond, func(t time.Time) tea.Msg {
+		return showSpinnerMsg{}
+	})
+}
+
+func (m connectModel) Update(msg tea.Msg) (tea.Model, tea.Cmd) {
+	select {
+	case <-m.ctx.Done():
+		m.result.err = m.ctx.Err()
+		m.done = true
+		return m, tea.Quit
+	default:
+	}
+
+	switch msg := msg.(type) {
+	case connectResultMsg:
+		m.result = msg
+		m.done = true
+		return m, tea.Quit
+
+	case showSpinnerMsg:
+		// Only show spinner if connection hasn't completed yet.
+		if !m.done {
+			m.showSpinner = true
+		}
+		return m, nil
+
+	case spinner.TickMsg:
+		var cmd tea.Cmd
+		m.spinner, cmd = m.spinner.Update(msg)
+		return m, cmd
+
+	case tea.KeyMsg:
+		if msg.Type == tea.KeyCtrlC {
+			m.result.err = fmt.Errorf("connection cancelled")
+			m.done = true
+			return m, tea.Quit
+		}
+	}
+
+	return m, nil
+}
+
+func (m connectModel) View() string {
+	// Don't show anything if done or spinner not yet visible.
+	if m.done || !m.showSpinner {
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	style := lipgloss.NewStyle().Foreground(lipgloss.Color("153"))
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s %s\n",
+		m.spinner.View(),
+		fmt.Sprintf("Connecting to %s", style.Render(m.conn.String())),
+	)
+}

internal/cli/flags.go

@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
 package cli
 
 import (
+	"log"
+	"os"
 	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
 
 // ExpandCommaSeparatedValues takes a slice of strings and expands any comma-separated values into individual elements.
@@ -21,3 +25,12 @@ func ExpandCommaSeparatedValues(values []string) []string {
 
 	return expanded
 }
+
+// BindEnvToFlag assigns the value of an environment variable to the given command flag if the flag has not been set.
+func BindEnvToFlag(cmd *cobra.Command, flagName, envVar string) {
+	if value := os.Getenv(envVar); value != "" && !cmd.Flags().Changed(flagName) {
+		if err := cmd.Flags().Set(flagName, value); err != nil {
+			log.Fatalf("Failed to bind environment variable '%s' to flag '%s': %v", envVar, flagName, err)
+		}
+	}
+}

internal/cli/prompt.go

@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
 package cli
 
-import "github.com/charmbracelet/huh"
+import (
+	"os"
+
+	"github.com/charmbracelet/huh"
+	"golang.org/x/term"
+)
 
 func Confirm() (bool, error) {
 	var confirmed bool
@@ -21,3 +26,13 @@ func Confirm() (bool, error) {
 
 	return confirmed, nil
 }
+
+// IsStdinTerminal checks if the standard input is a terminal (TTY).
+func IsStdinTerminal() bool {
+	return term.IsTerminal(int(os.Stdin.Fd()))
+}
+
+// IsStdoutTerminal checks if the standard output is a terminal (TTY).
+func IsStdoutTerminal() bool {
+	return term.IsTerminal(int(os.Stdout.Fd()))
+}

internal/machine/api/pb/caddy.pb.go

@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+// Code generated by protoc-gen-go. DO NOT EDIT.
+// versions:
+// 	protoc-gen-go v1.34.2
+// 	protoc        v5.27.3
+// source: internal/machine/api/pb/caddy.proto
+
+package pb
+
+import (
+	protoreflect "google.golang.org/protobuf/reflect/protoreflect"
+	protoimpl "google.golang.org/protobuf/runtime/protoimpl"
+	emptypb "google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/emptypb"
+	timestamppb "google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/timestamppb"
+	reflect "reflect"
+	sync "sync"
+)
+
+const (
+	// Verify that this generated code is sufficiently up-to-date.
+	_ = protoimpl.EnforceVersion(20 - protoimpl.MinVersion)
+	// Verify that runtime/protoimpl is sufficiently up-to-date.
+	_ = protoimpl.EnforceVersion(protoimpl.MaxVersion - 20)
+)
+
+type GetCaddyConfigResponse struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+
+	// The generated Caddyfile content.
+	Caddyfile string `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=caddyfile,proto3" json:"caddyfile,omitempty"`
+	// Timestamp when the config was last modified.
+	ModifiedAt *timestamppb.Timestamp `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=modified_at,json=modifiedAt,proto3" json:"modified_at,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (x *GetCaddyConfigResponse) Reset() {
+	*x = GetCaddyConfigResponse{}
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
+		mi := &file_internal_machine_api_pb_caddy_proto_msgTypes[0]
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+	}
+}
+
+func (x *GetCaddyConfigResponse) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*GetCaddyConfigResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *GetCaddyConfigResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_internal_machine_api_pb_caddy_proto_msgTypes[0]
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use GetCaddyConfigResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*GetCaddyConfigResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_internal_machine_api_pb_caddy_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{0}
+}
+
+func (x *GetCaddyConfigResponse) GetCaddyfile() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Caddyfile
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *GetCaddyConfigResponse) GetModifiedAt() *timestamppb.Timestamp {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.ModifiedAt
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+var File_internal_machine_api_pb_caddy_proto protoreflect.FileDescriptor
+
+var file_internal_machine_api_pb_caddy_proto_rawDesc = []byte{
+	0x0a, 0x23, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x74, 0x65, 0x72, 0x6e, 0x61, 0x6c, 0x2f, 0x6d, 0x61, 0x63, 0x68, 0x69,
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+	0x6c, 0x65, 0x2f, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x62, 0x75, 0x66, 0x2f, 0x65, 0x6d, 0x70, 0x74,
+	0x79, 0x2e, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x1a, 0x1f, 0x67, 0x6f, 0x6f, 0x67, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x2f,
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+	0x73, 0x65, 0x12, 0x1c, 0x0a, 0x09, 0x63, 0x61, 0x64, 0x64, 0x79, 0x66, 0x69, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x18,
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+	0x12, 0x3b, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x6d, 0x6f, 0x64, 0x69, 0x66, 0x69, 0x65, 0x64, 0x5f, 0x61, 0x74, 0x18,
+	0x02, 0x20, 0x01, 0x28, 0x0b, 0x32, 0x1a, 0x2e, 0x67, 0x6f, 0x6f, 0x67, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x2e, 0x70,
+	0x72, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x62, 0x75, 0x66, 0x2e, 0x54, 0x69, 0x6d, 0x65, 0x73, 0x74, 0x61, 0x6d,
+	0x70, 0x52, 0x0a, 0x6d, 0x6f, 0x64, 0x69, 0x66, 0x69, 0x65, 0x64, 0x41, 0x74, 0x32, 0x49, 0x0a,
+	0x05, 0x43, 0x61, 0x64, 0x64, 0x79, 0x12, 0x40, 0x0a, 0x09, 0x47, 0x65, 0x74, 0x43, 0x6f, 0x6e,
+	0x66, 0x69, 0x67, 0x12, 0x16, 0x2e, 0x67, 0x6f, 0x6f, 0x67, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x2e, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6f,
+	0x74, 0x6f, 0x62, 0x75, 0x66, 0x2e, 0x45, 0x6d, 0x70, 0x74, 0x79, 0x1a, 0x1b, 0x2e, 0x61, 0x70,
+	0x69, 0x2e, 0x47, 0x65, 0x74, 0x43, 0x61, 0x64, 0x64, 0x79, 0x43, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x66, 0x69, 0x67,
+	0x52, 0x65, 0x73, 0x70, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x73, 0x65, 0x42, 0x37, 0x5a, 0x35, 0x67, 0x69, 0x74, 0x68,
+	0x75, 0x62, 0x2e, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x2f, 0x70, 0x73, 0x76, 0x69, 0x64, 0x65, 0x72, 0x73, 0x6b,
+	0x69, 0x2f, 0x75, 0x6e, 0x63, 0x6c, 0x6f, 0x75, 0x64, 0x2f, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x74, 0x65, 0x72, 0x6e,
+	0x61, 0x6c, 0x2f, 0x6d, 0x61, 0x63, 0x68, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x65, 0x2f, 0x61, 0x70, 0x69, 0x2f, 0x70,
+	0x62, 0x62, 0x06, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x33,
+}
+
+var (
+	file_internal_machine_api_pb_caddy_proto_rawDescOnce sync.Once
+	file_internal_machine_api_pb_caddy_proto_rawDescData = file_internal_machine_api_pb_caddy_proto_rawDesc
+)
+
+func file_internal_machine_api_pb_caddy_proto_rawDescGZIP() []byte {
+	file_internal_machine_api_pb_caddy_proto_rawDescOnce.Do(func() {
+		file_internal_machine_api_pb_caddy_proto_rawDescData = protoimpl.X.CompressGZIP(file_internal_machine_api_pb_caddy_proto_rawDescData)
+	})
+	return file_internal_machine_api_pb_caddy_proto_rawDescData
+}
+
+var file_internal_machine_api_pb_caddy_proto_msgTypes = make([]protoimpl.MessageInfo, 1)
+var file_internal_machine_api_pb_caddy_proto_goTypes = []any{
+	(*GetCaddyConfigResponse)(nil), // 0: api.GetCaddyConfigResponse
+	(*timestamppb.Timestamp)(nil),  // 1: google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	(*emptypb.Empty)(nil),          // 2: google.protobuf.Empty
+}
+var file_internal_machine_api_pb_caddy_proto_depIdxs = []int32{
+	1, // 0: api.GetCaddyConfigResponse.modified_at:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	2, // 1: api.Caddy.GetConfig:input_type -> google.protobuf.Empty
+	0, // 2: api.Caddy.GetConfig:output_type -> api.GetCaddyConfigResponse
+	2, // [2:3] is the sub-list for method output_type
+	1, // [1:2] is the sub-list for method input_type
+	1, // [1:1] is the sub-list for extension type_name
+	1, // [1:1] is the sub-list for extension extendee
+	0, // [0:1] is the sub-list for field type_name
+}
+
+func init() { file_internal_machine_api_pb_caddy_proto_init() }
+func file_internal_machine_api_pb_caddy_proto_init() {
+	if File_internal_machine_api_pb_caddy_proto != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	if !protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
+		file_internal_machine_api_pb_caddy_proto_msgTypes[0].Exporter = func(v any, i int) any {
+			switch v := v.(*GetCaddyConfigResponse); i {
+			case 0:
+				return &v.state
+			case 1:
+				return &v.sizeCache
+			case 2:
+				return &v.unknownFields
+			default:
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	type x struct{}
+	out := protoimpl.TypeBuilder{
+		File: protoimpl.DescBuilder{
+			GoPackagePath: reflect.TypeOf(x{}).PkgPath(),
+			RawDescriptor: file_internal_machine_api_pb_caddy_proto_rawDesc,
+			NumEnums:      0,
+			NumMessages:   1,
+			NumExtensions: 0,
+			NumServices:   1,
+		},
+		GoTypes:           file_internal_machine_api_pb_caddy_proto_goTypes,
+		DependencyIndexes: file_internal_machine_api_pb_caddy_proto_depIdxs,
+		MessageInfos:      file_internal_machine_api_pb_caddy_proto_msgTypes,
+	}.Build()
+	File_internal_machine_api_pb_caddy_proto = out.File
+	file_internal_machine_api_pb_caddy_proto_rawDesc = nil
+	file_internal_machine_api_pb_caddy_proto_goTypes = nil
+	file_internal_machine_api_pb_caddy_proto_depIdxs = nil
+}

internal/machine/api/pb/caddy.proto

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package api;
+
+option go_package = "github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/machine/api/pb";
+
+import "google/protobuf/empty.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/timestamp.proto";
+
+service Caddy {
+  // GetConfig retrieves the current Caddy configuration from the machine.
+  rpc GetConfig(google.protobuf.Empty) returns (GetCaddyConfigResponse);
+}
+
+message GetCaddyConfigResponse {
+  // The generated Caddyfile content.
+  string caddyfile = 1;
+  // Timestamp when the config was last modified.
+  google.protobuf.Timestamp modified_at = 2;
+}

internal/machine/api/pb/caddy_grpc.pb.go

@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+// Code generated by protoc-gen-go-grpc. DO NOT EDIT.
+// versions:
+// - protoc-gen-go-grpc v1.5.1
+// - protoc             v5.27.3
+// source: internal/machine/api/pb/caddy.proto
+
+package pb
+
+import (
+	context "context"
+	grpc "google.golang.org/grpc"
+	codes "google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
+	status "google.golang.org/grpc/status"
+	emptypb "google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/emptypb"
+)
+
+// This is a compile-time assertion to ensure that this generated file
+// is compatible with the grpc package it is being compiled against.
+// Requires gRPC-Go v1.64.0 or later.
+const _ = grpc.SupportPackageIsVersion9
+
+const (
+	Caddy_GetConfig_FullMethodName = "/api.Caddy/GetConfig"
+)
+
+// CaddyClient is the client API for Caddy service.
+//
+// For semantics around ctx use and closing/ending streaming RPCs, please refer to https://pkg.go.dev/google.golang.org/grpc/?tab=doc#ClientConn.NewStream.
+type CaddyClient interface {
+	// GetConfig retrieves the current Caddy configuration from the machine.
+	GetConfig(ctx context.Context, in *emptypb.Empty, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*GetCaddyConfigResponse, error)
+}
+
+type caddyClient struct {
+	cc grpc.ClientConnInterface
+}
+
+func NewCaddyClient(cc grpc.ClientConnInterface) CaddyClient {
+	return &caddyClient{cc}
+}
+
+func (c *caddyClient) GetConfig(ctx context.Context, in *emptypb.Empty, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*GetCaddyConfigResponse, error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
+	out := new(GetCaddyConfigResponse)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, Caddy_GetConfig_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+// CaddyServer is the server API for Caddy service.
+// All implementations must embed UnimplementedCaddyServer
+// for forward compatibility.
+type CaddyServer interface {
+	// GetConfig retrieves the current Caddy configuration from the machine.
+	GetConfig(context.Context, *emptypb.Empty) (*GetCaddyConfigResponse, error)
+	mustEmbedUnimplementedCaddyServer()
+}
+
+// UnimplementedCaddyServer must be embedded to have
+// forward compatible implementations.
+//
+// NOTE: this should be embedded by value instead of pointer to avoid a nil
+// pointer dereference when methods are called.
+type UnimplementedCaddyServer struct{}
+
+func (UnimplementedCaddyServer) GetConfig(context.Context, *emptypb.Empty) (*GetCaddyConfigResponse, error) {
+	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method GetConfig not implemented")
+}
+func (UnimplementedCaddyServer) mustEmbedUnimplementedCaddyServer() {}
+func (UnimplementedCaddyServer) testEmbeddedByValue()               {}
+
+// UnsafeCaddyServer may be embedded to opt out of forward compatibility for this service.
+// Use of this interface is not recommended, as added methods to CaddyServer will
+// result in compilation errors.
+type UnsafeCaddyServer interface {
+	mustEmbedUnimplementedCaddyServer()
+}
+
+func RegisterCaddyServer(s grpc.ServiceRegistrar, srv CaddyServer) {
+	// If the following call pancis, it indicates UnimplementedCaddyServer was
+	// embedded by pointer and is nil.  This will cause panics if an
+	// unimplemented method is ever invoked, so we test this at initialization
+	// time to prevent it from happening at runtime later due to I/O.
+	if t, ok := srv.(interface{ testEmbeddedByValue() }); ok {
+		t.testEmbeddedByValue()
+	}
+	s.RegisterService(&Caddy_ServiceDesc, srv)
+}
+
+func _Caddy_GetConfig_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(interface{}) error, interceptor grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {
+	in := new(emptypb.Empty)
+	if err := dec(in); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if interceptor == nil {
+		return srv.(CaddyServer).GetConfig(ctx, in)
+	}
+	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
+		Server:     srv,
+		FullMethod: Caddy_GetConfig_FullMethodName,
+	}
+	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+		return srv.(CaddyServer).GetConfig(ctx, req.(*emptypb.Empty))
+	}
+	return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)
+}
+
+// Caddy_ServiceDesc is the grpc.ServiceDesc for Caddy service.
+// It's only intended for direct use with grpc.RegisterService,
+// and not to be introspected or modified (even as a copy)
+var Caddy_ServiceDesc = grpc.ServiceDesc{
+	ServiceName: "api.Caddy",
+	HandlerType: (*CaddyServer)(nil),
+	Methods: []grpc.MethodDesc{
+		{
+			MethodName: "GetConfig",
+			Handler:    _Caddy_GetConfig_Handler,
+		},
+	},
+	Streams:  []grpc.StreamDesc{},
+	Metadata: "internal/machine/api/pb/caddy.proto",
+}

internal/machine/caddyconfig/caddyfile.go

@@ -1,17 +1,342 @@
 package caddyconfig
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
+	"cmp"
+	"context"
 	"fmt"
+	"log/slog"
+	"maps"
+	"net"
+	"slices"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"text/template"
 
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/machine/store"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/api"
 )
 
-func GenerateCaddyfile(containers []api.ServiceContainer, verifyResponse string) (string, error) {
+const (
-	return fmt.Sprintf(`http:// {
+	caddyfileHeader = `# This file is autogenerated by Uncloud based on the configuration of running services.
-	handle %s {
+# Do not edit manually. Any manual changes will be overwritten on the next update.
-		respond "%s" 200
+`
+	caddyfileTemplate = `# Health check endpoint to verify Caddy reachability on this machine.
+http:// {
+	handle {{.VerifyPath}} {
+		respond "{{.VerifyResponse}}" 200
 	}
 	log
 }
-`, VerifyPath, verifyResponse), nil
+
+(common_proxy) {
+	# Retry failed requests up to lb_retries times against other available upstreams.
+	lb_retries 3
+	# Upstreams are marked unhealthy for fail_duration after a failed request (passive health checking).
+	fail_duration 30s
+}
+{{- if or .HTTPHostUpstreams .HTTPSHostUpstreams }}
+
+# Sites generated from service ports.{{end}}
+{{- range $hostname, $upstreams := .HTTPHostUpstreams}}
+
+http://{{$hostname}} {
+	reverse_proxy {{join $upstreams " "}} {
+		import common_proxy
+	}
+	log
+}{{end}}
+{{- range $hostname, $upstreams := .HTTPSHostUpstreams}}
+
+https://{{$hostname}} {
+	reverse_proxy {{join $upstreams " "}} {
+		import common_proxy
+	}
+	log
+}{{end}}
+`
+	caddyfileUnavailabeFooter = `# NOTE: User-defined configs for services were skipped because Caddy is not running on this machine
+#       or the latest generated config is invalid. Please check the Caddy logs if it's running.
+`
+)
+
+// CaddyfileGenerator generates a Caddyfile configuration for the Caddy reverse proxy.
+type CaddyfileGenerator struct {
+	// machineID is the unique identifier of the machine where the controller is running.
+	machineID string
+	validator CaddyfileValidator
+	log       *slog.Logger
+}
+
+// CaddyfileValidator is an interface for validating Caddyfile configurations.
+type CaddyfileValidator interface {
+	Validate(ctx context.Context, caddyfile string) error
+}
+
+func NewCaddyfileGenerator(machineID string, validator CaddyfileValidator, log *slog.Logger) *CaddyfileGenerator {
+	if log == nil {
+		log = slog.Default()
+	}
+	return &CaddyfileGenerator{
+		machineID: machineID,
+		validator: validator,
+		log:       log,
+	}
+}
+
+// Generate creates a Caddyfile configuration based on the provided service containers.
+// The Caddyfile is generated from the service ports of the healthy containers.
+// If a 'caddy' service container is running on this machine and defines a custom Caddy config (x-caddy) in its service
+// spec, it will be validated and prepended to the generated Caddyfile. Custom Caddy configs (x-caddy) defined in other
+// service specs are validated and appended to the generated Caddyfile. Invalid configs are logged and skipped to ensure
+// the generated Caddyfile remains valid.
+//
+// The final Caddyfile structure includes:
+//
+//	[caddy x-caddy (global config)]
+//	[generated Caddyfile from all service ports]
+//	[service-a x-caddy]
+//	...
+//	[service-z x-caddy]
+//
+// If includeCustom is false, custom Caddy configs (x-caddy) are not included in the generated Caddyfile.
+func (g *CaddyfileGenerator) Generate(
+	ctx context.Context, records []store.ContainerRecord, includeCustom bool,
+) (string, error) {
+	containers := make([]api.ServiceContainer, len(records))
+	for i, cr := range records {
+		containers[i] = cr.Container
+	}
+	// Sort containers by service name and creation time to generate a stable Caddyfile.
+	slices.SortStableFunc(containers, func(a, b api.ServiceContainer) int {
+		return cmp.Or(
+			strings.Compare(a.ServiceName(), b.ServiceName()),
+			a.CreatedTime().Compare(b.CreatedTime()),
+		)
+	})
+
+	caddyfile, err := g.generateBaseFromPorts(containers)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("generate base Caddyfile from service ports: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if !includeCustom {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%s\n%s\n%s", caddyfileHeader, caddyfile, caddyfileUnavailabeFooter), nil
+	}
+
+	upstreams := serviceUpstreams(containers)
+	// Track validation errors for reporting.
+	var configErrors []string
+
+	// Find the 'caddy' service container on this machine. Use the most recent one if multiple exist.
+	var caddyCtr *api.ServiceContainer
+	for _, cr := range records {
+		if cr.MachineID == g.machineID && cr.Container.ServiceName() == CaddyServiceName &&
+			(caddyCtr == nil || cr.Container.CreatedTime().Compare(caddyCtr.CreatedTime()) > 0) {
+			caddyCtr = &cr.Container
+		}
+	}
+
+	// If the caddy container is running on this machine and has a custom Caddy config (global),
+	// prepend it to the generated Caddyfile and validate it.
+	if caddyCtr != nil && caddyCtr.ServiceSpec.CaddyConfig() != "" {
+		// Render the custom global Caddy config as a Go template with the upstreams.
+		tmplCtx := templateContext{
+			Name:      caddyCtr.ServiceName(),
+			Upstreams: upstreams,
+		}
+		renderedConfig, err := renderCaddyfile(tmplCtx, caddyCtr.ServiceSpec.CaddyConfig())
+		if err != nil {
+			g.log.Error("Failed to render template directives in user-defined global Caddy config, skipping it.",
+				"service", caddyCtr.ServiceName(), "container", caddyCtr.ID, "err", err)
+			configErrors = append(configErrors,
+				fmt.Sprintf("service '%s': failed to render template: %v", caddyCtr.ServiceName(), err))
+		} else {
+			caddyfileCandidate := fmt.Sprintf("# User-defined global config from service '%s'.\n%s\n\n%s",
+				caddyCtr.ServiceName(), renderedConfig, caddyfile)
+
+			if err = g.validator.Validate(ctx, caddyfileCandidate); err != nil {
+				g.log.Error("User-defined global Caddy config is invalid, skipping it.",
+					"service", caddyCtr.ServiceName(), "container", caddyCtr.ID, "err", err)
+				configErrors = append(configErrors,
+					fmt.Sprintf("service '%s': validation failed: %v", caddyCtr.ServiceName(), err))
+			} else {
+				caddyfile = caddyfileCandidate
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// There could be multiple service containers for the same service with different custom Caddy configs, for example,
+	// if the service has been partially updated. The most recent container for each service defines the current custom
+	// Caddy config for that service.
+	latestServiceContainers := make(map[string]api.ServiceContainer, len(containers))
+	for _, ctr := range containers {
+		if latest, ok := latestServiceContainers[ctr.ServiceName()]; ok {
+			if ctr.CreatedTime().Compare(latest.CreatedTime()) > 0 {
+				latestServiceContainers[ctr.ServiceName()] = ctr
+			}
+		} else {
+			latestServiceContainers[ctr.ServiceName()] = ctr
+		}
+	}
+	sortedServiceNames := slices.Sorted(maps.Keys(latestServiceContainers))
+
+	// Append a custom Caddy config for each service to the Caddyfile and validate it. If the config for a service
+	// is invalid, skip it but continue processing other services to ensure the Caddyfile remains valid.
+	for _, serviceName := range sortedServiceNames {
+		// Skip the caddy container as we already processed it.
+		if serviceName == CaddyServiceName {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		ctr := latestServiceContainers[serviceName]
+		if ctr.ServiceSpec.CaddyConfig() == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// Render the template actions in the service's Caddy config.
+		tmplCtx := templateContext{
+			Name:      serviceName,
+			Upstreams: upstreams,
+		}
+		renderedConfig, err := renderCaddyfile(tmplCtx, ctr.ServiceSpec.CaddyConfig())
+		if err != nil {
+			g.log.Error("Failed to render template directives in user-defined Caddy config for service, skipping it.",
+				"service", serviceName, "err", err)
+			configErrors = append(configErrors,
+				fmt.Sprintf("service '%s': failed to render template: %v", serviceName, err))
+			continue
+		}
+
+		caddyfileCandidate := fmt.Sprintf("%s\n# User-defined config for service '%s'.\n%s\n",
+			caddyfile, serviceName, renderedConfig)
+		if err = g.validator.Validate(ctx, caddyfileCandidate); err != nil {
+			g.log.Error("User-defined Caddy config for service is invalid, skipping it.",
+				"service", serviceName, "err", err)
+			configErrors = append(configErrors, fmt.Sprintf("service '%s': validation failed: %v", serviceName, err))
+		} else {
+			caddyfile = caddyfileCandidate
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Append error summary as comment if there were any invalid configs.
+	if len(configErrors) > 0 {
+		errorsComment := "# Skipped invalid user-defined configs:\n"
+		for _, e := range configErrors {
+			errorsComment += fmt.Sprintf("# - %s\n", e)
+		}
+
+		caddyfile += "\n" + errorsComment
+	}
+
+	return caddyfileHeader + "\n" + caddyfile, nil
+}
+
+func (g *CaddyfileGenerator) generateBaseFromPorts(containers []api.ServiceContainer) (string, error) {
+	httpHostUpstreams, httpsHostUpstreams := httpUpstreamsFromPorts(containers)
+
+	funcs := template.FuncMap{"join": strings.Join}
+	tmpl, err := template.New("Caddyfile").Funcs(funcs).Parse(caddyfileTemplate)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("parse Caddyfile template: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	data := struct {
+		VerifyPath         string
+		VerifyResponse     string
+		HTTPHostUpstreams  map[string][]string
+		HTTPSHostUpstreams map[string][]string
+	}{
+		VerifyPath:         VerifyPath,
+		VerifyResponse:     g.machineID,
+		HTTPHostUpstreams:  httpHostUpstreams,
+		HTTPSHostUpstreams: httpsHostUpstreams,
+	}
+
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	if err = tmpl.Execute(&buf, data); err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("execute Caddyfile template: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return buf.String(), nil
+}
+
+// httpUpstreamsFromPorts extracts upstreams for HTTP and HTTPS protocols from the published ports of the provided
+// service containers. It's expected that all containers are healthy.
+func httpUpstreamsFromPorts(containers []api.ServiceContainer) (map[string][]string, map[string][]string) {
+	// Maps hostnames to lists of upstreams (container IP:port pairs).
+	httpHostUpstreams := make(map[string][]string)
+	httpsHostUpstreams := make(map[string][]string)
+	for _, ctr := range containers {
+		ip := ctr.UncloudNetworkIP()
+		if !ip.IsValid() {
+			// Container is not connected to the uncloud Docker network (could be host network).
+			continue
+		}
+		log := slog.With("container", ctr.ID)
+
+		ports, err := ctr.ServicePorts()
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Error("Failed to parse service ports for container.", "err", err)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		for _, port := range ports {
+			if port.Mode != api.PortModeIngress {
+				continue
+			}
+
+			switch port.Protocol {
+			case api.ProtocolHTTP:
+				upstream := net.JoinHostPort(ip.String(), strconv.Itoa(int(port.ContainerPort)))
+				httpHostUpstreams[port.Hostname] = append(httpHostUpstreams[port.Hostname], upstream)
+			case api.ProtocolHTTPS:
+				upstream := net.JoinHostPort(ip.String(), strconv.Itoa(int(port.ContainerPort)))
+				httpsHostUpstreams[port.Hostname] = append(httpsHostUpstreams[port.Hostname], upstream)
+			default:
+				// TODO: implement L4 ingress routing for TCP and UDP.
+				log.Error("Unsupported protocol for ingress port.", "port", port)
+				continue
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return httpHostUpstreams, httpsHostUpstreams
+}
+
+// serviceUpstreams creates a map of service names to their container IPs.
+// Only includes containers connected to the uncloud Docker network.
+func serviceUpstreams(containers []api.ServiceContainer) map[string][]string {
+	upstreams := make(map[string][]string)
+	for _, ctr := range containers {
+		ip := ctr.UncloudNetworkIP()
+		if !ip.IsValid() {
+			// Container is not connected to the uncloud Docker network (could be host network).
+			continue
+		}
+
+		serviceName := ctr.ServiceName()
+		upstreams[serviceName] = append(upstreams[serviceName], ip.String())
+	}
+
+	return upstreams
+}
+
+// renderCaddyfile renders a Caddyfile template with the upstreams function and data.
+func renderCaddyfile(tmplCtx templateContext, caddyfile string) (string, error) {
+	funcs := template.FuncMap{
+		"upstreams": upstreamsTemplateFn(tmplCtx),
+	}
+
+	tmpl, err := template.New("Caddyfile").Funcs(funcs).Parse(caddyfile)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("parse config as Go template: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	if err = tmpl.Execute(&buf, tmplCtx); err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("execute template: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return buf.String(), nil
 }

internal/machine/caddyconfig/client.go

@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+package caddyconfig
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
+)
+
+// CaddyAdminClient is a client for interacting with the Caddy admin API over a Unix socket.
+type CaddyAdminClient struct {
+	socketPath string
+	client     *http.Client
+}
+
+func NewCaddyAdminClient(socketPath string) *CaddyAdminClient {
+	return &CaddyAdminClient{
+		socketPath: socketPath,
+		client: &http.Client{
+			Timeout: 5 * time.Second,
+			Transport: &http.Transport{
+				DialContext: func(_ context.Context, _, _ string) (net.Conn, error) {
+					return net.Dial("unix", socketPath)
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+// IsAvailable checks if the local Caddy instance is running and responding to admin API requests.
+func (c *CaddyAdminClient) IsAvailable(ctx context.Context) bool {
+	// Caddy doesn't serve a /ping endpoint. It's a random endpoint we can use to check if Caddy is running.
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "GET", "http://localhost/ping", nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	resp, err := c.client.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+	// Any HTTP response means Caddy is running and accessible.
+	return true
+}
+
+// Adapt converts a Caddyfile to JSON configuration without loading or running it.
+func (c *CaddyAdminClient) Adapt(ctx context.Context, caddyfile string) (string, error) {
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "POST", "http://localhost/adapt", strings.NewReader(caddyfile))
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("create adapt request: %w", err)
+	}
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "text/caddyfile")
+
+	resp, err := c.client.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("send adapt request: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+	body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("read response body: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if resp.StatusCode == http.StatusOK {
+		// Parse the response body to extract the result field.
+		var msg struct {
+			Result json.RawMessage `json:"result"`
+		}
+		if err = json.Unmarshal(body, &msg); err != nil {
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("parse adapt response: %w", err)
+		}
+		return string(msg.Result), nil
+	}
+
+	// If the response is a 400 Bad Request, try to parse the error message from it.
+	if resp.StatusCode == http.StatusBadRequest {
+		var apiError caddy.APIError
+		if err = json.Unmarshal(body, &apiError); err == nil {
+			return "", errors.New(apiError.Message)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return "", errors.New(string(body))
+}
+
+// Load loads a Caddyfile configuration into the Caddy instance running on the machine.
+// Due to a Caddy bug (https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/issues/7246), we first adapt the Caddyfile to JSON
+// and then load the JSON config to get proper error handling.
+func (c *CaddyAdminClient) Load(ctx context.Context, caddyfile string) error {
+	jsonConfig, err := c.Adapt(ctx, caddyfile)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("adapt Caddyfile to JSON config: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "POST", "http://localhost/load", strings.NewReader(jsonConfig))
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("create load request: %w", err)
+	}
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+
+	resp, err := c.client.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("send load request: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+	if resp.StatusCode == http.StatusOK {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	body, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	// If the response is a 400 Bad Request, try to parse the error message from it.
+	if resp.StatusCode == http.StatusBadRequest {
+		var apiError caddy.APIError
+		if err = json.Unmarshal(body, &apiError); err == nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("caddy responded with error: %s", apiError.Message)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return fmt.Errorf("caddy responded with error: HTTP %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, string(body))
+}
+
+// Validate checks if the provided Caddyfile can be adapted to Caddy JSON config using the running Caddy instance via
+// its admin API. It doesn't guarantee that the Caddyfile is actually valid and can be loaded. For example, a tls
+// directive with a missing certificate will pass the adaptation but will fail when Caddy tries to load it.
+// But this is the best we can do over the admin API.
+// TODO: run 'docker exec caddy-container caddy validate' to do proper validation or implement a Caddy module that
+// exposes a validation endpoint.
+func (c *CaddyAdminClient) Validate(ctx context.Context, caddyfile string) error {
+	_, err := c.Adapt(ctx, caddyfile)
+	return err
+}

internal/machine/caddyconfig/controller.go

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 const (
+	CaddyServiceName = "caddy"
 	CaddyGroup       = "uncloud"
 	VerifyPath       = "/.uncloud-verify"
 )
@@ -22,13 +23,15 @@ const (
 // proxy. The generated configuration allows Caddy to route external traffic to service containers across the internal
 // network.
 type Controller struct {
+	machineID     string
+	caddyfilePath string
+	generator     *CaddyfileGenerator
+	client        *CaddyAdminClient
 	store         *store.Store
-	configDir      string
-	verifyResponse string
 	log           *slog.Logger
 }
 
-func NewController(store *store.Store, configDir string, verifyResponse string) (*Controller, error) {
+func NewController(machineID, configDir, adminSock string, store *store.Store) (*Controller, error) {
 	if err := os.MkdirAll(configDir, 0o750); err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("create directory for Caddy configuration '%s': %w", configDir, err)
 	}
@@ -36,31 +39,33 @@ func NewController(store *store.Store, configDir string, verifyResponse string)
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("change owner of directory for Caddy configuration '%s': %w", configDir, err)
 	}
 
+	log := slog.With("component", "caddy-controller")
+	client := NewCaddyAdminClient(adminSock)
+	generator := NewCaddyfileGenerator(machineID, client, log)
+
 	return &Controller{
+		machineID:     machineID,
+		caddyfilePath: filepath.Join(configDir, "Caddyfile"),
+		generator:     generator,
+		client:        client,
 		store:         store,
-		configDir:      configDir,
+		log:           log,
-		verifyResponse: verifyResponse,
-		log:            slog.With("component", "caddy-controller"),
 	}, nil
 }
 
 func (c *Controller) Run(ctx context.Context) error {
-	containerRecords, changes, err := c.store.SubscribeContainers(ctx)
+	containers, changes, err := c.store.SubscribeContainers(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("subscribe to container changes: %w", err)
 	}
 	c.log.Info("Subscribed to container changes in the cluster to generate Caddy configuration.")
 
-	containers, err := c.filterAvailableContainers(containerRecords)
+	containers = filterHealthyContainers(containers)
-	if err != nil {
+	c.generateAndLoadCaddyfile(ctx, containers)
-		return fmt.Errorf("filter available containers: %w", err)
-	}
 
-	if err = c.generateCaddyfile(containers); err != nil {
+	// TODO: left for backward compatibility, remove later.
-		return fmt.Errorf("generate Caddyfile configuration: %w", err)
-	}
 	if err = c.generateJSONConfig(containers); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("generate Caddy JSON configuration: %w", err)
+		c.log.Error("Failed to generate Caddy JSON configuration to disk.", "err", err)
 	}
 
 	for {
@@ -71,63 +76,95 @@ func (c *Controller) Run(ctx context.Context) error {
 			}
 			c.log.Info("Cluster containers changed, updating Caddy configuration.")
 
-			containerRecords, err = c.store.ListContainers(ctx, store.ListOptions{})
+			containers, err = c.store.ListContainers(ctx, store.ListOptions{})
 			if err != nil {
-				c.log.Info("Failed to list containers.", "err", err)
+				c.log.Error("Failed to list containers.", "err", err)
-				continue
-			}
-			containers, err = c.filterAvailableContainers(containerRecords)
-			if err != nil {
-				c.log.Info("Failed to filter available containers.", "err", err)
 				continue
 			}
+			containers = filterHealthyContainers(containers)
+			c.generateAndLoadCaddyfile(ctx, containers)
 
-			if err = c.generateCaddyfile(containers); err != nil {
+			// TODO: left for backward compatibility, remove later.
-				c.log.Info("Failed to generate Caddyfile configuration.", "err", err)
-			}
 			if err = c.generateJSONConfig(containers); err != nil {
-				c.log.Info("Failed to generate Caddy JSON configuration.", "err", err)
+				c.log.Error("Failed to generate Caddy JSON configuration to disk.", "err", err)
 			}
-
-			c.log.Info("Updated Caddy configuration.", "dir", c.configDir)
 		case <-ctx.Done():
 			return nil
 		}
 	}
 }
 
-// filterAvailableContainers filters out containers from this machine that are likely unavailable. The availability
+// filterHealthyContainers filters out containers that are not healthy.
-// is determined by the cluster membership state of the machine that the container is running on.
+// TODO: Filters out containers from this machine that are likely unavailable. The availability can be determined
-// TODO: implement machine membership check using Corrossion Admin client.
+// by the cluster membership state of the machine that the container is running on. Implement machine membership
-func (c *Controller) filterAvailableContainers(
+// check using Corrossion Admin client.
-	containerRecords []store.ContainerRecord,
+func filterHealthyContainers(containers []store.ContainerRecord) []store.ContainerRecord {
-) ([]api.ServiceContainer, error) {
+	healthy := make([]store.ContainerRecord, 0, len(containers))
-	containers := make([]api.ServiceContainer, len(containerRecords))
+	for _, cr := range containers {
-	for i, cr := range containerRecords {
+		if cr.Container.Healthy() {
-		containers[i] = cr.Container
+			healthy = append(healthy, cr)
 		}
-	return containers, nil
+	}
+	return healthy
 }
 
-func (c *Controller) generateCaddyfile(containers []api.ServiceContainer) error {
+func (c *Controller) generateAndLoadCaddyfile(ctx context.Context, containers []store.ContainerRecord) {
-	caddyfile, err := GenerateCaddyfile(containers, c.verifyResponse)
+	// Check if Caddy is available before attempting to generate and load config.
+	caddyAvailable := c.client.IsAvailable(ctx)
+	caddyfile, err := c.generator.Generate(ctx, containers, caddyAvailable)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("generate Caddyfile: %w", err)
+		c.log.Error("Failed to generate Caddyfile configuration.", "err", err)
-	}
+		return
-	caddyfilePath := filepath.Join(c.configDir, "Caddyfile")
-
-	if err = os.WriteFile(caddyfilePath, []byte(caddyfile), 0o640); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("write Caddyfile to file '%s': %w", caddyfilePath, err)
-	}
-	if err = fs.Chown(caddyfilePath, "", CaddyGroup); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("change owner of Caddyfile '%s': %w", caddyfilePath, err)
 	}
 
+	if !caddyAvailable {
+		// Caddy is not running so the generated Caddyfile should not include user-defined configs thus must be valid.
+		// It's safe to write the config to disk so that when Caddy is deployed on this machine, it can pick it up.
+		if err = c.writeCaddyfile(caddyfile); err != nil {
+			c.log.Error("Failed to write Caddyfile to disk.", "err", err)
+			return
+		}
+		c.log.Debug("Caddy is not running on this machine, skipping configuration load.", "path", c.caddyfilePath)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Caddy is available, try to load the config which may fail if the config is invalid. Generally, a config can
+	// pass the adaptation/validation step but still fail to load, for example, if it references resources that are
+	// not available.
+	if err = c.client.Load(ctx, caddyfile); err != nil {
+		c.log.Error("Failed to load new Caddy configuration into local Caddy instance.",
+			"err", err, "path", c.caddyfilePath)
+		// Don't write invalid config to disk.
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Config loaded successfully, now write it to disk.
+	if err = c.writeCaddyfile(caddyfile); err != nil {
+		c.log.Error("Failed to write Caddyfile to disk after successful load.", "err", err)
+		// Config is already loaded in Caddy, so this is not critical.
+	}
+
+	c.log.Info("New Caddy configuration loaded into local Caddy instance.", "path", c.caddyfilePath)
+}
+
+// writeCaddyfile writes the Caddyfile content to disk with proper permissions.
+func (c *Controller) writeCaddyfile(caddyfile string) error {
+	if err := os.WriteFile(c.caddyfilePath, []byte(caddyfile), 0o640); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("write Caddyfile to file '%s': %w", c.caddyfilePath, err)
+	}
+	if err := fs.Chown(c.caddyfilePath, "", CaddyGroup); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("change owner of Caddyfile '%s': %w", c.caddyfilePath, err)
+	}
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (c *Controller) generateJSONConfig(containers []api.ServiceContainer) error {
+func (c *Controller) generateJSONConfig(containers []store.ContainerRecord) error {
-	config, err := GenerateJSONConfig(containers, c.verifyResponse)
+	serviceContainers := make([]api.ServiceContainer, len(containers))
+	for i, cr := range containers {
+		serviceContainers[i] = cr.Container
+	}
+
+	config, err := GenerateJSONConfig(serviceContainers, c.machineID)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -136,7 +173,7 @@ func (c *Controller) generateJSONConfig(containers []api.ServiceContainer) error
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("marshal Caddy configuration: %w", err)
 	}
-	configPath := filepath.Join(c.configDir, "caddy.json")
+	configPath := filepath.Join(filepath.Dir(c.caddyfilePath), "caddy.json")
 
 	if err = os.WriteFile(configPath, configBytes, 0o640); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("write Caddy configuration to file '%s': %w", configPath, err)

internal/machine/caddyconfig/jsonconfig.go

@@ -4,9 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"log/slog"
 	"maps"
-	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"slices"
 	"strconv"
@@ -20,46 +18,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 func GenerateJSONConfig(containers []api.ServiceContainer, verifyResponse string) (*caddy.Config, error) {
-	// Maps hostnames to lists of upstreams (container IP:port pairs).
+	httpHostUpstreams, httpsHostUpstreams := httpUpstreamsFromPorts(containers)
-	httpHostUpstreams := make(map[string][]string)
-	httpsHostUpstreams := make(map[string][]string)
-	for _, ctr := range containers {
-		if !ctr.Healthy() {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		ip := ctr.UncloudNetworkIP()
-		if !ip.IsValid() {
-			// Container is not connected to the uncloud Docker network (could be host network).
-			continue
-		}
-		log := slog.With("container", ctr.ID)
-
-		ports, err := ctr.ServicePorts()
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Error("Failed to parse service ports for container.", "err", err)
-			continue
-		}
-
-		for _, port := range ports {
-			if port.Mode != api.PortModeIngress {
-				continue
-			}
-
-			switch port.Protocol {
-			case api.ProtocolHTTP:
-				upstream := net.JoinHostPort(ip.String(), strconv.Itoa(int(port.ContainerPort)))
-				httpHostUpstreams[port.Hostname] = append(httpHostUpstreams[port.Hostname], upstream)
-			case api.ProtocolHTTPS:
-				upstream := net.JoinHostPort(ip.String(), strconv.Itoa(int(port.ContainerPort)))
-				httpsHostUpstreams[port.Hostname] = append(httpsHostUpstreams[port.Hostname], upstream)
-			default:
-				// TODO: implement L4 ingress routing for TCP and UDP.
-				log.Error("Unsupported protocol for ingress port.", "port", port)
-				continue
-			}
-		}
-	}
 
 	var warnings []caddyconfig.Warning
 	servers := make(map[string]*caddyhttp.Server)

internal/machine/caddyconfig/jsonconfig_test.go

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
-func TestGenerateConfig(t *testing.T) {
+func TestGenerateJSONConfig(t *testing.T) {
 	configWithoutServices := `{
 		"servers": {
 			"http": {
@@ -312,68 +312,6 @@ func TestGenerateConfig(t *testing.T) {
 			want:    configWithoutServices,
 			wantErr: false,
 		},
-		{
-			name: "restarting container ignored",
-			containers: []api.ServiceContainer{
-				newRestartingContainer("10.210.0.2", "app.example.com:8080/http"),
-			},
-			want:    configWithoutServices,
-			wantErr: false,
-		},
-		{
-			name: "stopped container ignored",
-			containers: []api.ServiceContainer{
-				newStoppedContainer("10.210.0.2", "app.example.com:8080/http"),
-			},
-			want:    configWithoutServices,
-			wantErr: false,
-		},
-		{
-			name: "mix of running, restarting, and stopped containers",
-			containers: []api.ServiceContainer{
-				newContainer("10.210.0.2", "app.example.com:8080/http"),
-				newRestartingContainer("10.210.0.3", "app.example.com:8080/http"),
-				newStoppedContainer("10.210.0.4", "app.example.com:8080/http"),
-			},
-			want: `{
-                "servers": {
-                    "http": {
-                        "listen": [":80"],
-                        "routes": [
-                            {
-                                "match": [{"host": ["app.example.com"]}],
-                                "handle": [{
-                                    "handler": "reverse_proxy",
-									"health_checks": {
-                                        "passive": {
-                                            "fail_duration": 30000000000
-                                        }
-                                    },
-                                    "load_balancing": {
-                                        "retries": 3
-                                    },
-                                    "upstreams": [{"dial": "10.210.0.2:8080"}]
-                                }]
-                            },
-                            {
-                                "match": [{"path": ["/.uncloud-verify"]}],
-                                "handle": [{
-                                    "body": "verification-response-body",
-                                    "handler": "static_response",
-                                    "status_code": 200
-                                }]
-                            }
-                        ],
-						"logs": {}
-                    },
-                    "https": {
-                        "listen": [":443"],
-						"logs": {}
-                    }
-                }
-            }`,
-			wantErr: false,
-		},
 	}
 
 	for _, tt := range tests {
@@ -439,15 +377,3 @@ func newContainerWithoutNetwork(ports ...string) api.ServiceContainer {
 		},
 	}}}
 }
-
-func newRestartingContainer(ip string, ports ...string) api.ServiceContainer {
-	ctr := newContainer(ip, ports...)
-	ctr.Container.State.Restarting = true
-	return ctr
-}
-
-func newStoppedContainer(ip string, ports ...string) api.ServiceContainer {
-	ctr := newContainer(ip, ports...)
-	ctr.Container.State.Running = false
-	return ctr
-}

internal/machine/caddyconfig/mocks_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+// Code generated by mockery; DO NOT EDIT.
+// github.com/vektra/mockery
+// template: testify
+
+package caddyconfig
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	mock "github.com/stretchr/testify/mock"
+)
+
+// NewMockCaddyfileValidator creates a new instance of MockCaddyfileValidator. It also registers a testing interface on the mock and a cleanup function to assert the mocks expectations.
+// The first argument is typically a *testing.T value.
+func NewMockCaddyfileValidator(t interface {
+	mock.TestingT
+	Cleanup(func())
+}) *MockCaddyfileValidator {
+	mock := &MockCaddyfileValidator{}
+	mock.Mock.Test(t)
+
+	t.Cleanup(func() { mock.AssertExpectations(t) })
+
+	return mock
+}
+
+// MockCaddyfileValidator is an autogenerated mock type for the CaddyfileValidator type
+type MockCaddyfileValidator struct {
+	mock.Mock
+}
+
+type MockCaddyfileValidator_Expecter struct {
+	mock *mock.Mock
+}
+
+func (_m *MockCaddyfileValidator) EXPECT() *MockCaddyfileValidator_Expecter {
+	return &MockCaddyfileValidator_Expecter{mock: &_m.Mock}
+}
+
+// Validate provides a mock function for the type MockCaddyfileValidator
+func (_mock *MockCaddyfileValidator) Validate(ctx context.Context, caddyfile string) error {
+	ret := _mock.Called(ctx, caddyfile)
+
+	if len(ret) == 0 {
+		panic("no return value specified for Validate")
+	}
+
+	var r0 error
+	if returnFunc, ok := ret.Get(0).(func(context.Context, string) error); ok {
+		r0 = returnFunc(ctx, caddyfile)
+	} else {
+		r0 = ret.Error(0)
+	}
+	return r0
+}
+
+// MockCaddyfileValidator_Validate_Call is a *mock.Call that shadows Run/Return methods with type explicit version for method 'Validate'
+type MockCaddyfileValidator_Validate_Call struct {
+	*mock.Call
+}
+
+// Validate is a helper method to define mock.On call
+//   - ctx context.Context
+//   - caddyfile string
+func (_e *MockCaddyfileValidator_Expecter) Validate(ctx interface{}, caddyfile interface{}) *MockCaddyfileValidator_Validate_Call {
+	return &MockCaddyfileValidator_Validate_Call{Call: _e.mock.On("Validate", ctx, caddyfile)}
+}
+
+func (_c *MockCaddyfileValidator_Validate_Call) Run(run func(ctx context.Context, caddyfile string)) *MockCaddyfileValidator_Validate_Call {
+	_c.Call.Run(func(args mock.Arguments) {
+		var arg0 context.Context
+		if args[0] != nil {
+			arg0 = args[0].(context.Context)
+		}
+		var arg1 string
+		if args[1] != nil {
+			arg1 = args[1].(string)
+		}
+		run(
+			arg0,
+			arg1,
+		)
+	})
+	return _c
+}
+
+func (_c *MockCaddyfileValidator_Validate_Call) Return(err error) *MockCaddyfileValidator_Validate_Call {
+	_c.Call.Return(err)
+	return _c
+}
+
+func (_c *MockCaddyfileValidator_Validate_Call) RunAndReturn(run func(ctx context.Context, caddyfile string) error) *MockCaddyfileValidator_Validate_Call {
+	_c.Call.Return(run)
+	return _c
+}

internal/machine/caddyconfig/server.go

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+package caddyconfig
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"os"
+
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/status"
+	"google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/emptypb"
+	"google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/timestamppb"
+
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/machine/api/pb"
+)
+
+// Server implements the gRPC Caddy service.
+type Server struct {
+	pb.UnimplementedCaddyServer
+	service *Service
+}
+
+func NewServer(service *Service) *Server {
+	return &Server{service: service}
+}
+
+// GetConfig retrieves the current Caddy configuration from the machine.
+func (s *Server) GetConfig(ctx context.Context, _ *emptypb.Empty) (*pb.GetCaddyConfigResponse, error) {
+	caddyfile, modifiedAt, err := s.service.Caddyfile()
+	if err != nil {
+		if os.IsNotExist(err) {
+			return nil, status.Error(codes.NotFound, err.Error())
+		}
+		return nil, status.Error(codes.Internal, err.Error())
+	}
+
+	return &pb.GetCaddyConfigResponse{
+		Caddyfile:  caddyfile,
+		ModifiedAt: timestamppb.New(modifiedAt),
+	}, nil
+}

internal/machine/caddyconfig/service.go

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+package caddyconfig
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// Service provides methods to interact with the Caddy configuration on the machine.
+type Service struct {
+	configDir string
+}
+
+// NewService creates a new Service instance with the specified Caddy configuration directory.
+func NewService(configDir string) *Service {
+	return &Service{configDir: configDir}
+}
+
+// Caddyfile retrieves the current Caddy configuration (Caddyfile) from the machine's config directory.
+func (s *Service) Caddyfile() (string, time.Time, error) {
+	path := filepath.Join(s.configDir, "Caddyfile")
+	content, err := os.ReadFile(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", time.Time{}, fmt.Errorf("read Caddyfile from file '%s': %w", path, err)
+	}
+
+	// Get the file modification time.
+	fileInfo, err := os.Stat(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", time.Time{}, fmt.Errorf("get Caddyfile file info '%s': %w", path, err)
+	}
+
+	return string(content), fileInfo.ModTime(), nil
+}

internal/machine/caddyconfig/template.go

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+package caddyconfig
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// templateContext holds the data available to Caddyfile templates.
+type templateContext struct {
+	// Name is the current service name.
+	Name string
+	// Upstreams maps service names to their container IPs.
+	Upstreams map[string][]string
+}
+
+// upstreamsTemplateFn returns a template function that generates a space separated string of upstreams for the service.
+// It optionally accepts a service name and a port number: {{upstreams [service-name] [port]}}.
+func upstreamsTemplateFn(tmplCtx templateContext) func(args ...any) (string, error) {
+	return func(args ...any) (string, error) {
+		var serviceName string
+		var port int
+
+		// Parse arguments.
+		switch len(args) {
+		case 0:
+			// Current service, default port.
+			serviceName = tmplCtx.Name
+		case 1:
+			// Either port (int) for current service or service name (string).
+			switch arg := args[0].(type) {
+			case int:
+				serviceName = tmplCtx.Name
+				port = arg
+			case string:
+				serviceName = arg
+				port = 0
+			default:
+				return "", fmt.Errorf("upstreams function: invalid argument type: %T", arg)
+			}
+		case 2:
+			// Service name and port.
+			name, ok := args[0].(string)
+			if !ok {
+				return "", fmt.Errorf("upstreams function: first argument must be service name (string)")
+			}
+			serviceName = name
+
+			p, ok := args[1].(int)
+			if !ok {
+				return "", fmt.Errorf("upstreams function: second argument must be port (int)")
+			}
+			port = p
+		default:
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("upstreams function: too many arguments; expected 0-2, got %d", len(args))
+		}
+
+		ips, ok := tmplCtx.Upstreams[serviceName]
+		if !ok || len(ips) == 0 {
+			// No upstreams available.
+			return "", nil
+		}
+
+		// Build the space separated upstreams string.
+		var upstreams []string
+		for _, ip := range ips {
+			if port > 0 {
+				upstreams = append(upstreams, net.JoinHostPort(ip, strconv.Itoa(port)))
+			} else {
+				upstreams = append(upstreams, ip)
+			}
+		}
+
+		return strings.Join(upstreams, " "), nil
+	}
+}

internal/machine/cluster.go

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/machine/firewall"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/machine/network"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/machine/store"
+	"github.com/psviderski/unregistry"
 	"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc"
 )
@@ -45,6 +46,8 @@ type clusterController struct {
 	// dnsServer is the embedded internal DNS server for the cluster listening on the machine IP.
 	dnsServer   *dns.Server
 	dnsResolver *dns.ClusterResolver
+	// unregistry is the embedded container registry that uses the local Docker (containerd) image store as its backend.
+	unregistry *unregistry.Registry
 
 	// stopped is a channel that is closed when the controller is stopped.
 	stopped chan struct{}
@@ -60,6 +63,7 @@ func newClusterController(
 	caddyfileCtrl *caddyconfig.Controller,
 	dnsServer *dns.Server,
 	dnsResolver *dns.ClusterResolver,
+	unregistry *unregistry.Registry,
 ) (*clusterController, error) {
 	slog.Info("Starting WireGuard network.")
 	wgnet, err := network.NewWireGuardNetwork()
@@ -80,6 +84,7 @@ func newClusterController(
 		caddyconfigCtrl: caddyfileCtrl,
 		dnsServer:       dnsServer,
 		dnsResolver:     dnsResolver,
+		unregistry:      unregistry,
 		stopped:         make(chan struct{}),
 	}, nil
 }
@@ -164,7 +169,7 @@ func (cc *clusterController) Run(ctx context.Context) error {
 		return nil
 	})
 
-	// Watch for endpoint changes and update the machine state accordingly.
+	// Watch for WireGuard peer endpoint changes and update the machine state accordingly.
 	errGroup.Go(func() error {
 		for {
 			select {
@@ -210,6 +215,14 @@ func (cc *clusterController) Run(ctx context.Context) error {
 		return nil
 	})
 
+	errGroup.Go(func() error {
+		slog.Info("Starting unregistry server.")
+		if err := cc.unregistry.ListenAndServe(); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("unregistry server failed: %w", err)
+		}
+		return nil
+	})
+
 	// Wait for the context to be done and stop the network API server.
 	<-ctx.Done()
 	slog.Info("Stopping network API server.")
@@ -217,12 +230,23 @@ func (cc *clusterController) Run(ctx context.Context) error {
 	cc.server.GracefulStop()
 	slog.Info("Network API server stopped.")
 
+	// Stop the unregistry server with a timeout.
+	unregTimeout := 30 * time.Second
+	slog.Info("Stopping unregistry server.", "timeout", unregTimeout)
+	unregCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), unregTimeout)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	if err = cc.unregistry.Shutdown(unregCtx); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unregistry server forced to shutdown: %w", err)
+	}
+	slog.Info("Unregistry server stopped.")
+
 	// Wait for all controllers to finish.
 	err = errGroup.Wait()
 
 	// It's safe to stop the Corrosion service after the controllers depending on it and API server are stopped.
 	// Use a new context with a timeout as the current context is already canceled.
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 10*time.Second)
+	ctx, cancel = context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 10*time.Second)
 	defer cancel()
 	if corroErr := cc.corroService.Stop(ctx); corroErr != nil {
 		err = errors.Join(err, fmt.Errorf("stop corrosion service: %w", corroErr))

internal/machine/cluster/dns.go

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ func (c *Cluster) ReserveDomain(ctx context.Context, req *pb.ReserveDomainReques
 	dnsClient := dns.NewClient()
 	name, token, err := dnsClient.ReserveDomain(req.Endpoint)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Internal, err.Error())
+		return nil, status.Error(codes.Internal, err.Error())
 	}
 
 	domain := uncloudDNSDomain{

internal/machine/constants/constants.go

@@ -3,4 +3,6 @@ package constants
 const (
 	// MachineAPIPort is the port for the Machine API service on the management WireGuard network.
 	MachineAPIPort = 51000
+	// UnregistryPort is the port for the embedded container registry listening on the machine IP.
+	UnregistryPort = 5000
 )

internal/machine/docker/server.go

@@ -116,9 +116,9 @@ func (s *Server) CreateContainer(ctx context.Context, req *pb.CreateContainerReq
 	resp, err := s.client.ContainerCreate(ctx, &config, &hostConfig, &networkConfig, &platform, req.Name)
 	if err != nil {
 		if client.IsErrNotFound(err) {
-			return nil, status.Errorf(codes.NotFound, err.Error())
+			return nil, status.Error(codes.NotFound, err.Error())
 		}
-		return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Internal, err.Error())
+		return nil, status.Error(codes.Internal, err.Error())
 	}
 
 	respBytes, err := json.Marshal(resp)
@@ -134,9 +134,9 @@ func (s *Server) InspectContainer(ctx context.Context, req *pb.InspectContainerR
 	resp, err := s.client.ContainerInspect(ctx, req.Id)
 	if err != nil {
 		if client.IsErrNotFound(err) {
-			return nil, status.Errorf(codes.NotFound, err.Error())
+			return nil, status.Error(codes.NotFound, err.Error())
 		}
-		return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Internal, err.Error())
+		return nil, status.Error(codes.Internal, err.Error())
 	}
 
 	respBytes, err := json.Marshal(resp)
@@ -167,9 +167,9 @@ func (s *Server) StartContainer(ctx context.Context, req *pb.StartContainerReque
 
 	if err := s.client.ContainerStart(ctx, req.Id, opts); err != nil {
 		if client.IsErrNotFound(err) {
-			return nil, status.Errorf(codes.NotFound, err.Error())
+			return nil, status.Error(codes.NotFound, err.Error())
 		}
-		return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Internal, err.Error())
+		return nil, status.Error(codes.Internal, err.Error())
 	}
 
 	return &emptypb.Empty{}, nil
@@ -186,9 +186,9 @@ func (s *Server) StopContainer(ctx context.Context, req *pb.StopContainerRequest
 
 	if err := s.client.ContainerStop(ctx, req.Id, opts); err != nil {
 		if client.IsErrNotFound(err) {
-			return nil, status.Errorf(codes.NotFound, err.Error())
+			return nil, status.Error(codes.NotFound, err.Error())
 		}
-		return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Internal, err.Error())
+		return nil, status.Error(codes.Internal, err.Error())
 	}
 
 	return &emptypb.Empty{}, nil
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ func (s *Server) ListContainers(ctx context.Context, req *pb.ListContainersReque
 
 	containerSummaries, err := s.client.ContainerList(ctx, opts)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Internal, err.Error())
+		return nil, status.Error(codes.Internal, err.Error())
 	}
 	containers := make([]types.ContainerJSON, 0, len(containerSummaries))
 	for _, cs := range containerSummaries {
@@ -258,9 +258,9 @@ func (s *Server) RemoveContainer(ctx context.Context, req *pb.RemoveContainerReq
 
 	if err := s.client.ContainerRemove(ctx, req.Id, opts); err != nil {
 		if client.IsErrNotFound(err) {
-			return nil, status.Errorf(codes.NotFound, err.Error())
+			return nil, status.Error(codes.NotFound, err.Error())
 		}
-		return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Internal, err.Error())
+		return nil, status.Error(codes.Internal, err.Error())
 	}
 
 	return &emptypb.Empty{}, nil
@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ func (s *Server) PullImage(req *pb.PullImageRequest, stream grpc.ServerStreaming
 
 	respBody, err := s.client.ImagePull(ctx, req.Image, opts)
 	if err != nil {
-		return status.Errorf(codes.Internal, err.Error())
+		return status.Error(codes.Internal, err.Error())
 	}
 	defer respBody.Close()
 
@@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ func (s *Server) PullImage(req *pb.PullImageRequest, stream grpc.ServerStreaming
 		case err = <-errCh:
 			return err
 		case <-ctx.Done():
-			return status.Errorf(codes.Canceled, ctx.Err().Error())
+			return status.Error(codes.Canceled, ctx.Err().Error())
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -327,9 +327,9 @@ func (s *Server) InspectImage(ctx context.Context, req *pb.InspectImageRequest)
 	resp, _, err := s.client.ImageInspectWithRaw(ctx, req.Id)
 	if err != nil {
 		if client.IsErrNotFound(err) {
-			return nil, status.Errorf(codes.NotFound, err.Error())
+			return nil, status.Error(codes.NotFound, err.Error())
 		}
-		return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Internal, err.Error())
+		return nil, status.Error(codes.Internal, err.Error())
 	}
 
 	respBytes, err := json.Marshal(resp)
@@ -724,9 +724,9 @@ func (s *Server) InspectServiceContainer(
 	serviceCtr, err := s.service.InspectServiceContainer(ctx, req.Id)
 	if err != nil {
 		if client.IsErrNotFound(err) {
-			return nil, status.Errorf(codes.NotFound, err.Error())
+			return nil, status.Error(codes.NotFound, err.Error())
 		}
-		return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Internal, err.Error())
+		return nil, status.Error(codes.Internal, err.Error())
 	}
 
 	ctrBytes, err := json.Marshal(serviceCtr.Container)

internal/machine/machine.go

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ import (
 	machinedocker "github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/machine/docker"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/machine/network"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/machine/store"
+	"github.com/psviderski/unregistry"
 	"github.com/siderolabs/grpc-proxy/proxy"
 	"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc"
@@ -42,6 +43,9 @@ const (
 	DefaultMachineSockPath = "/run/uncloud/machine.sock"
 	DefaultUncloudSockPath = "/run/uncloud/uncloud.sock"
 	DefaultSockGroup       = "uncloud"
+	// DefaultCaddyAdminSockPath is the default path to the Caddy admin socket for validating the generated Caddy
+	// reverse proxy configuration.
+	DefaultCaddyAdminSockPath = "/run/uncloud/caddy/admin.sock"
 )
 
 type Config struct {
@@ -260,7 +264,8 @@ func NewMachine(config *Config) (*Machine, error) {
 	m.dockerServer = machinedocker.NewServer(dockerService, db, internalDNSIP,
 		machinedocker.WithNetworkReady(m.IsNetworkReady),
 		machinedocker.WithWaitForNetworkReady(m.WaitForNetworkReady))
-	m.localMachineServer = newGRPCServer(m, c, m.dockerServer)
+	caddyServer := caddyconfig.NewServer(caddyconfig.NewService(config.CaddyConfigDir))
+	m.localMachineServer = newGRPCServer(m, c, m.dockerServer, caddyServer)
 
 	if m.Initialised() {
 		m.initialised <- struct{}{}
@@ -269,11 +274,12 @@ func NewMachine(config *Config) (*Machine, error) {
 	return m, nil
 }
 
-func newGRPCServer(m pb.MachineServer, c pb.ClusterServer, d pb.DockerServer) *grpc.Server {
+func newGRPCServer(m pb.MachineServer, c pb.ClusterServer, d pb.DockerServer, caddy pb.CaddyServer) *grpc.Server {
 	s := grpc.NewServer()
 	pb.RegisterMachineServer(s, m)
 	pb.RegisterClusterServer(s, c)
 	pb.RegisterDockerServer(s, d)
+	pb.RegisterCaddyServer(s, caddy)
 	return s
 }
 
@@ -387,7 +393,12 @@ func (m *Machine) Run(ctx context.Context) error {
 
 			// Create a new caddyconfig controller for managing the Caddy reverse proxy configuration.
 			// It will also serve the current machine ID at /.uncloud-verify to verify Caddy reachability.
-			caddyconfigCtrl, err := caddyconfig.NewController(m.store, m.config.CaddyConfigDir, m.state.ID)
+			caddyconfigCtrl, err := caddyconfig.NewController(
+				m.state.ID,
+				m.config.CaddyConfigDir,
+				DefaultCaddyAdminSockPath,
+				m.store,
+			)
 			if err != nil {
 				return fmt.Errorf("create caddyconfig controller: %w", err)
 			}
@@ -398,6 +409,20 @@ func (m *Machine) Run(ctx context.Context) error {
 				return fmt.Errorf("create embedded DNS server: %w", err)
 			}
 
+			// Create an embedded container registry listening on the machine IP address and
+			// using the local Docker (containerd) image store as its backend.
+			unreg, err := unregistry.NewRegistry(unregistry.Config{
+				Addr:                net.JoinHostPort(m.IP().String(), strconv.Itoa(constants.UnregistryPort)),
+				ContainerdNamespace: "moby",
+				// TODO: auto-detect the containerd.sock path used by Docker and/or allow configuring it.
+				ContainerdSock: "/run/containerd/containerd.sock",
+				LogFormatter:   "text",
+				LogLevel:       "info",
+			})
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("create embedded registry: %w", err)
+			}
+
 			m.mu.Lock()
 			m.clusterCtrl, err = newClusterController(
 				m.state,
@@ -409,6 +434,7 @@ func (m *Machine) Run(ctx context.Context) error {
 				caddyconfigCtrl,
 				dnsServer,
 				dnsResolver,
+				unreg,
 			)
 			m.mu.Unlock()
 			if err != nil {

internal/machine/store/container.go

@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ func (s *Store) DeleteContainers(ctx context.Context, opts DeleteOptions) error
 // SubscribeContainers returns a list of containers and a channel that signals changes to the list. The channel doesn't
 // receive any values, it just signals when a container(s) has been added, updated, or deleted in the database.
 func (s *Store) SubscribeContainers(ctx context.Context) ([]ContainerRecord, <-chan struct{}, error) {
-	// TODO: figure out whether we need sync_status at all.
+	// TODO: figure out whether we need sync_status at all (not used at the moment).
 	q := sq.Select("container", "machine_id", "sync_status", "updated_at").From("containers").
 		Where(sq.Eq{"sync_status": SyncStatusSynced})
 	query, args, err := q.ToSql()

pkg/api/container.go

@@ -24,6 +24,20 @@ const (
 
 type Container struct {
 	types.ContainerJSON
+	// created caches the parsed creation time by CreatedTime.
+	created time.Time
+}
+
+// CreatedTime returns the time when the container was created parsed from the Created field.
+func (c *Container) CreatedTime() time.Time {
+	if c.created.IsZero() && c.Created != "" {
+		created, err := time.Parse(time.RFC3339Nano, c.Created)
+		if err != nil {
+			return time.Time{}
+		}
+		c.created = created
+	}
+	return c.created
 }
 
 // Healthy determines if the container is running and healthy.
@@ -199,3 +213,24 @@ func (c *ServiceContainer) ConflictingServicePorts(ports []PortSpec) ([]PortSpec
 
 	return conflicting, nil
 }
+
+// UnmarshalJSON implements custom unmarshalling for ServiceContainer to override the custom unmarshaler
+// of the embedded Container field.
+func (c *ServiceContainer) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
+	// Unmarshal everything except Container into a temporary struct. Keep this in sync with ServiceContainer.
+	var temp struct {
+		ServiceSpec ServiceSpec
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &temp); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Let Container's UnmarshalJSON handle its part.
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &c.Container); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	c.ServiceSpec = temp.ServiceSpec
+
+	return nil
+}

pkg/api/service.go

@@ -62,6 +62,14 @@ type ServiceSpec struct {
 	Volumes []VolumeSpec
 }
 
+// CaddyConfig returns the Caddy reverse proxy configuration for the service or an empty string if it's not defined.
+func (s *ServiceSpec) CaddyConfig() string {
+	if s.Caddy == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return strings.TrimSpace(s.Caddy.Config)
+}
+
 func (s *ServiceSpec) Volume(name string) (VolumeSpec, bool) {
 	for _, v := range s.Volumes {
 		if v.Name == name {
@@ -123,12 +131,6 @@ func (s *ServiceSpec) Validate() error {
 		}
 	}
 
-	// Validate that Caddy and Ports are not used together.
-	if s.Caddy != nil && strings.TrimSpace(s.Caddy.Config) != "" && len(s.Ports) > 0 {
-		return fmt.Errorf("ports and Caddy configuration cannot be specified simultaneously: " +
-			"Caddy config is auto-generated from ports, use only one of them")
-	}
-
 	for _, p := range s.Ports {
 		if (p.Mode == "" || p.Mode == PortModeIngress) &&
 			p.Protocol != ProtocolHTTP && p.Protocol != ProtocolHTTPS {
@@ -138,6 +140,23 @@ func (s *ServiceSpec) Validate() error {
 
 	// TODO: validate there is no conflict between ports.
 
+	// Validate that Caddy and Ports are not used together, unless all ports are host mode.
+	if s.Caddy != nil && strings.TrimSpace(s.Caddy.Config) != "" && len(s.Ports) > 0 {
+		// Check if all ports are in host mode.
+		hasIngressPort := false
+		for _, p := range s.Ports {
+			if p.Mode == "" || p.Mode == PortModeIngress {
+				hasIngressPort = true
+				break
+			}
+		}
+		if hasIngressPort {
+			return fmt.Errorf("ingress ports and Caddy configuration cannot be specified simultaneously: " +
+				"Caddy config is auto-generated from ingress ports, use only one of them. " +
+				"Host mode ports can be used with Caddy config")
+		}
+	}
+
 	volumeNames := make(map[string]struct{})
 	for _, v := range s.Volumes {
 		if err := v.Validate(); err != nil {

pkg/api/service_test.go

@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ func TestServiceSpec_Validate_CaddyAndPorts(t *testing.T) {
 			wantErr: "",
 		},
 		{
-			name: "invalid with both Caddy and Ports",
+			name: "invalid with Caddy and Ports (default mode is ingress)",
 			spec: ServiceSpec{
 				Name: "test",
 				Container: ContainerSpec{
@@ -84,10 +84,105 @@ func TestServiceSpec_Validate_CaddyAndPorts(t *testing.T) {
 					{
 						ContainerPort: 80,
 						Protocol:      ProtocolHTTP,
+						// Mode is empty, defaults to ingress
 					},
 				},
 			},
-			wantErr: "ports and Caddy configuration cannot be specified simultaneously",
+			wantErr: "ingress ports and Caddy configuration cannot be specified simultaneously",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "invalid with both Caddy and ingress Ports",
+			spec: ServiceSpec{
+				Name: "test",
+				Container: ContainerSpec{
+					Image: "nginx:latest",
+				},
+				Caddy: &CaddySpec{
+					Config: "example.com {\n  reverse_proxy :8080\n}",
+				},
+				Ports: []PortSpec{
+					{
+						ContainerPort: 80,
+						Protocol:      ProtocolHTTP,
+						Mode:          PortModeIngress,
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			wantErr: "ingress ports and Caddy configuration cannot be specified simultaneously",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "valid with Caddy and host mode Ports",
+			spec: ServiceSpec{
+				Name: "test",
+				Container: ContainerSpec{
+					Image: "nginx:latest",
+				},
+				Caddy: &CaddySpec{
+					Config: "example.com {\n  reverse_proxy :8080\n}",
+				},
+				Ports: []PortSpec{
+					{
+						ContainerPort: 3306,
+						PublishedPort: 3306,
+						Protocol:      ProtocolTCP,
+						Mode:          PortModeHost,
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			wantErr: "",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "invalid with Caddy and mixed mode Ports",
+			spec: ServiceSpec{
+				Name: "test",
+				Container: ContainerSpec{
+					Image: "nginx:latest",
+				},
+				Caddy: &CaddySpec{
+					Config: "example.com {\n  reverse_proxy :8080\n}",
+				},
+				Ports: []PortSpec{
+					{
+						ContainerPort: 3306,
+						PublishedPort: 3306,
+						Protocol:      ProtocolTCP,
+						Mode:          PortModeHost,
+					},
+					{
+						ContainerPort: 80,
+						Protocol:      ProtocolHTTP,
+						Mode:          PortModeIngress,
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			wantErr: "ingress ports and Caddy configuration cannot be specified simultaneously",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "valid with Caddy and multiple host mode Ports",
+			spec: ServiceSpec{
+				Name: "test",
+				Container: ContainerSpec{
+					Image: "nginx:latest",
+				},
+				Caddy: &CaddySpec{
+					Config: "example.com {\n  reverse_proxy :8080\n}",
+				},
+				Ports: []PortSpec{
+					{
+						ContainerPort: 3306,
+						PublishedPort: 3306,
+						Protocol:      ProtocolTCP,
+						Mode:          PortModeHost,
+					},
+					{
+						ContainerPort: 5432,
+						PublishedPort: 5432,
+						Protocol:      ProtocolTCP,
+						Mode:          PortModeHost,
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			wantErr: "",
 		},
 	}
 

pkg/client/caddy.go

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ var caddyImageTagRegex = regexp.MustCompile(`^2\.\d+\.\d+$`)
 // NewCaddyDeployment creates a new deployment for a Caddy reverse proxy service.
 // The service is deployed in global mode to all machines in the cluster. If the image is not provided, the latest
 // version of the official Caddy Docker image is used.
-func (cli *Client) NewCaddyDeployment(image string, placement api.Placement) (*deploy.Deployment, error) {
+func (cli *Client) NewCaddyDeployment(image, config string, placement api.Placement) (*deploy.Deployment, error) {
 	if image == "" {
 		latest, err := LatestCaddyImage()
 		if err != nil {
@@ -35,13 +35,24 @@ func (cli *Client) NewCaddyDeployment(image string, placement api.Placement) (*d
 
 	spec := api.ServiceSpec{
 		Container: api.ContainerSpec{
-			Command: []string{"caddy", "run", "-c", "/config/caddy.json", "--watch"},
+			Command: []string{"caddy", "run", "-c", "/config/Caddyfile"},
+			Env: map[string]string{
+				"CADDY_ADMIN": "unix//run/caddy/admin.sock",
+			},
 			Image: image,
 			VolumeMounts: []api.VolumeMount{
 				{
-					VolumeName:    "config",
+					VolumeName:    "data",
 					ContainerPath: "/config",
 				},
+				{
+					VolumeName:    "data",
+					ContainerPath: "/data",
+				},
+				{
+					VolumeName:    "run",
+					ContainerPath: "/run/caddy",
+				},
 			},
 		},
 		Mode:      api.ServiceModeGlobal,
@@ -63,13 +74,27 @@ func (cli *Client) NewCaddyDeployment(image string, placement api.Placement) (*d
 		},
 		Volumes: []api.VolumeSpec{
 			{
-				Name: "config",
+				Name: "data",
 				Type: api.VolumeTypeBind,
 				BindOptions: &api.BindOptions{
 					HostPath: "/var/lib/uncloud/caddy",
 				},
 			},
+			{
+				Name: "run",
+				Type: api.VolumeTypeBind,
+				BindOptions: &api.BindOptions{
+					HostPath:       "/run/uncloud/caddy",
+					CreateHostPath: true,
 				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	if config != "" {
+		spec.Caddy = &api.CaddySpec{
+			Config: config,
+		}
 	}
 
 	return cli.NewDeployment(spec, nil), nil

pkg/client/client.go

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ type Client struct {
 	//  Methods such as Reset or Inspect are ambiguous in the context of a machine+cluster client.
 	pb.MachineClient
 	pb.ClusterClient
+	Caddy pb.CaddyClient
 	// Docker is a namespaced client for the Docker service to distinguish Uncloud-specific service container operations
 	// from generic Docker operations.
 	Docker *docker.Client
@@ -50,6 +51,7 @@ func New(ctx context.Context, connector Connector) (*Client, error) {
 
 	c.MachineClient = pb.NewMachineClient(c.conn)
 	c.ClusterClient = pb.NewClusterClient(c.conn)
+	c.Caddy = pb.NewCaddyClient(c.conn)
 	c.Docker = docker.NewClient(c.conn)
 	return c, nil
 }

pkg/client/compose/caddy_test.go

@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ services:
 			wantErr: "expected type 'string'",
 		},
 		{
-			name: "x-caddy with x-ports conflict",
+			name: "x-caddy with ingress x-ports conflict",
 			composeYAML: `
 services:
   web:
@@ -153,7 +153,26 @@ services:
     x-ports:
       - example.com:80/http
 `,
-			wantErr: "cannot specify both 'x-caddy' and 'x-ports'",
+			wantErr: "ingress ports in 'x-ports' and 'x-caddy' cannot be specified simultaneously",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "x-caddy with host-only x-ports allowed",
+			composeYAML: `
+services:
+  web:
+    image: nginx
+    x-caddy: |
+      example.com {
+        reverse_proxy web:80
+      }
+    x-ports:
+      - 8080:80@host
+      - 9090:90/tcp@host
+`,
+			wantConfig: `example.com {
+  reverse_proxy web:80
+}`,
+			// Should not error - host ports are allowed with x-caddy
 		},
 	}
 

pkg/client/compose/service.go

@@ -252,20 +252,26 @@ func tmpfsVolumeSpecFromCompose(serviceVolume types.ServiceVolumeConfig) api.Vol
 // validateServicesExtensions validates extension combinations across all services in the project.
 func validateServicesExtensions(project *types.Project) error {
 	for _, service := range project.Services {
-		// Check for x-caddy and x-ports conflict.
+		// Check for x-caddy and x-ports conflict, unless all ports are host mode.
 		hasCaddy := false
 		if caddy, ok := service.Extensions[CaddyExtensionKey].(Caddy); ok && caddy.Config != "" {
 			hasCaddy = true
 		}
 
-		hasPorts := false
+		if ports, ok := service.Extensions[PortsExtensionKey].([]api.PortSpec); ok && len(ports) > 0 && hasCaddy {
-		if ports, ok := service.Extensions[PortsExtensionKey].([]api.PortSpec); ok && len(ports) > 0 {
+			// Check if all ports are in host mode.
-			hasPorts = true
+			hasIngressPort := false
+			for _, p := range ports {
+				if p.Mode == "" || p.Mode == api.PortModeIngress {
+					hasIngressPort = true
+					break
+				}
+			}
+			if hasIngressPort {
+				return fmt.Errorf("service '%s': ingress ports in 'x-ports' and 'x-caddy' cannot be specified "+
+					"simultaneously: Caddy config is auto-generated from ingress ports, use only one of them. "+
+					"Host mode ports in 'x-caddy' can be used with 'x-caddy'", service.Name)
 			}
-
-		if hasCaddy && hasPorts {
-			return fmt.Errorf("service '%s' cannot specify both 'x-caddy' and 'x-ports': "+
-				"Caddy config is auto-generated from ports, use only one of them", service.Name)
 		}
 	}
 

pkg/client/deploy/resolver.go

@@ -1,24 +1,17 @@
 package deploy
 
 import (
-	"context"
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"strings"
-	"time"
 
 	"github.com/distribution/reference"
-	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types"
-	"github.com/opencontainers/go-digest"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/secret"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/api"
-	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
 )
 
 // ServiceSpecResolver transforms user-provided service specs into deployment-ready form.
 type ServiceSpecResolver struct {
 	ClusterDomain string
-	ImageResolver *ImageDigestResolver
 }
 
 // Resolve transforms a service spec into its fully resolved form ready for deployment.
@@ -33,7 +26,6 @@ func (r *ServiceSpecResolver) Resolve(spec api.ServiceSpec) (api.ServiceSpec, er
 		r.applyDefaults,
 		r.resolveServiceName,
 		r.expandIngressPorts,
-		r.resolveImageDigest,
 	}
 
 	for _, step := range steps {
@@ -111,21 +103,6 @@ func (r *ServiceSpecResolver) expandIngressPorts(spec *api.ServiceSpec) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (r *ServiceSpecResolver) resolveImageDigest(spec *api.ServiceSpec) error {
-	if r.ImageResolver == nil {
-		// Skip digest resolution when no resolver is provided.
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	image, err := r.ImageResolver.Resolve(spec.Container.Image, spec.Container.PullPolicy)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("resolve image digest: %w", err)
-	}
-	spec.Container.Image = image
-
-	return nil
-}
-
 func GenerateServiceName(image string) (string, error) {
 	img, err := reference.ParseDockerRef(image)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -144,181 +121,3 @@ func GenerateServiceName(image string) (string, error) {
 	}
 	return fmt.Sprintf("%s-%s", imageName, suffix), nil
 }
-
-type ImageResolverClient interface {
-	api.ImageClient
-	api.MachineClient
-}
-
-// TODO(lhf): as of April 2025, ImageDigestResolver is not used in the codebase and considered more harmful
-// than helpful. It's safe to remove it.
-type ImageDigestResolver struct {
-	Ctx    context.Context
-	Client ImageResolverClient
-}
-
-// Resolve resolves the image to the image with the digest according to the pull policy:
-//   - always: Fetch the latest digest for the image tag in the registry.
-//   - missing: Find the latest image matching the tag on any machine and use its digest, if it exists.
-//     When there is no matching image on any machine, it behaves like 'always'.
-//   - never: !Not implemented! Similar to 'missing' but when there is no matching image on any machine,
-//     it returns an error.
-//
-// If the image is already pinned to a digest, it is returned as is.
-func (r *ImageDigestResolver) Resolve(image, policy string) (string, error) {
-	if r.Ctx == nil {
-		r.Ctx = context.Background()
-	}
-
-	ref, err := reference.ParseNormalizedNamed(image)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("parse image: %w", err)
-	}
-	if _, ok := ref.(reference.Canonical); ok {
-		// The image is already pinned to a digest.
-		return image, nil
-	}
-
-	switch policy {
-	case api.PullPolicyAlways:
-		return r.resolveAlways(image)
-	case api.PullPolicyMissing:
-		return r.resolveMissing(image)
-	case api.PullPolicyNever:
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("pull policy '%s' is not supported yet", policy)
-	}
-	return image, nil
-}
-
-// resolveAlways resolves the image to the image with the digest by querying the registry from all machines.
-func (r *ImageDigestResolver) resolveAlways(image string) (string, error) {
-	// TODO: broadcast to a subset of machines in large clusters to avoid being rate-limited by the registry.
-	ctx, _, err := api.ProxyMachinesContext(r.Ctx, r.Client, nil)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("create request context to broadcast to all machines: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	remoteImages, err := r.Client.InspectRemoteImage(ctx, image)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("inspect image '%s' in registry from all machines: %w", image, err)
-	}
-	if len(remoteImages) == 0 {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("inspect image '%s' in registry from all machines: unexpected empty response", image)
-	}
-
-	for _, ri := range remoteImages {
-		if ri.Metadata != nil && ri.Metadata.Error != "" {
-			// Save the last error to return it if all machines fail to inspect the image.
-			err = fmt.Errorf("inspect image '%s' in registry on machine '%s': %s",
-				image, ri.Metadata.Machine, ri.Metadata.Error)
-			continue
-		}
-
-		return reference.FamiliarString(ri.Image.Reference), nil
-	}
-
-	return "", err
-}
-
-func (r *ImageDigestResolver) resolveMissing(image string) (string, error) {
-	ctx, _, err := api.ProxyMachinesContext(r.Ctx, r.Client, nil)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("create request context to broadcast to all machines: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	machineImages, err := r.Client.InspectImage(ctx, image)
-	if err != nil {
-		if errors.Is(err, api.ErrNotFound) {
-			// If the image is missing on all machines, the 'missing' policy is equivalent to 'always'.
-			return r.resolveAlways(image)
-		}
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("inspect image '%s' on all machines: %w", image, err)
-	}
-
-	var availableImages []types.ImageInspect
-	for _, mi := range machineImages {
-		// Metadata can be nil if the request was proxied to only one machine.
-		if mi.Metadata != nil && mi.Metadata.Error != "" {
-			if codes.Code(mi.Metadata.Status.Code) != codes.NotFound {
-				fmt.Printf("WARNING: failed to inspect image '%s' on machine '%s': %s\n",
-					image, mi.Metadata.Machine, mi.Metadata.Error)
-			}
-			continue
-		}
-
-		availableImages = append(availableImages, mi.Image)
-	}
-
-	if len(availableImages) == 0 {
-		// If the image is missing on all machines, the 'missing' policy is equivalent to 'always'.
-		return r.resolveAlways(image)
-	}
-
-	// Find the latest image with a RepoDigest.
-	var latestDigest digest.Digest
-	var latestCreated time.Time
-	for _, img := range availableImages {
-		if len(img.RepoDigests) == 0 {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		// TODO: handle multiple RepoDigests. This could happen for example if the same image was pulled twice using
-		// 	both its index (multi-arch) digest and manifest (platform-specific) digest:
-		//  {
-		//    "Id": "sha256:6fee7566e4273ee6078f08e167e36434b35f72152232a5e6f1446288817dabe5",
-		//    "RepoTags": [
-		//        "traefik/whoami:latest"
-		//    ],
-		//    "RepoDigests": [
-		//        "traefik/whoami@sha256:200689790a0a0ea48ca45992e0450bc26ccab5307375b41c84dfc4f2475937ab",
-		//        "traefik/whoami@sha256:4f90b33ddca9c4d4f06527070d6e503b16d71016edea036842be2a84e60c91cb"
-		//    ],
-		//    ...
-		//  }
-		//  Should the registry be queried to find out which digest to use?
-		repoDigest := img.RepoDigests[0]
-		created, err := time.Parse(time.RFC3339Nano, img.Created)
-		if err != nil {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		if created.After(latestCreated) {
-			ref, err := reference.ParseNormalizedNamed(repoDigest)
-			if err != nil {
-				continue
-			}
-			if c, ok := ref.(reference.Canonical); ok {
-				latestDigest = c.Digest()
-				latestCreated = created
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	if latestDigest != "" {
-		return imageWithDigest(image, latestDigest)
-	}
-
-	// Don't pin the digest if no RepoDigests were found. This means the available images were not pulled from
-	// a registry but built locally or loaded from an archive. In this case, the available images (could be multiple
-	// for different platforms) should be copied to other machines to be able to run service containers on them.
-	return image, nil
-}
-
-// imageWithDigest adds a digest to an image string if it doesn't already contain one.
-func imageWithDigest(image string, dig digest.Digest) (string, error) {
-	ref, err := reference.ParseNormalizedNamed(image)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("parse image: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if _, ok := ref.(reference.Canonical); !ok {
-		// Preserves the original tag if present.
-		img, err := reference.WithDigest(ref, dig)
-		if err != nil {
-			return "", fmt.Errorf("add digest to image: %w", err)
-		}
-		return reference.FamiliarString(img), nil
-	}
-
-	return image, nil
-}

test/e2e/service_test.go

@@ -4,12 +4,15 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"net/netip"
+	"strings"
 	"testing"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/container"
 	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/mount"
 	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/volume"
 	"github.com/docker/go-units"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/machine/api/pb"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/secret"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/ucind"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/api"
@@ -271,7 +274,7 @@ func TestDeployment(t *testing.T) {
 			}
 		})
 
-		deployment, err := cli.NewCaddyDeployment("", api.Placement{})
+		deployment, err := cli.NewCaddyDeployment("", "", api.Placement{})
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 
 		_, err = deployment.Run(ctx)
@@ -284,6 +287,12 @@ func TestDeployment(t *testing.T) {
 
 		ctr := svc.Containers[0].Container
 		assert.Regexp(t, `^caddy:2\.\d+\.\d+$`, ctr.Config.Image)
+
+		config, err := cli.Caddy.GetConfig(ctx, nil)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		assert.Contains(t, config.Caddyfile, "# This file is autogenerated by Uncloud")
+		assert.Contains(t, config.Caddyfile, "handle /.uncloud-verify")
 	})
 
 	t.Run("caddy with machine placement", func(t *testing.T) {
@@ -295,7 +304,7 @@ func TestDeployment(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 
 		// Deploy to machine #0.
-		deployment, err := cli.NewCaddyDeployment("", api.Placement{
+		deployment, err := cli.NewCaddyDeployment("", "", api.Placement{
 			Machines: []string{c.Machines[0].Name},
 		})
 		require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -313,7 +322,7 @@ func TestDeployment(t *testing.T) {
 		// initialContainerID := svc.Containers[0].Container.ID
 
 		// Deploy to all machines without a placement constraint.
-		deployment, err = cli.NewCaddyDeployment(image, api.Placement{})
+		deployment, err = cli.NewCaddyDeployment(image, "", api.Placement{})
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 
 		_, err = deployment.Run(ctx)
@@ -332,6 +341,147 @@ func TestDeployment(t *testing.T) {
 		// assert.True(t, containers.Contains(initialContainerID), "Expected initial container to remain")
 	})
 
+	t.Run("caddy and service with custom configs", func(t *testing.T) {
+		name := "test-custom-caddy-config"
+		t.Cleanup(func() {
+			err := cli.RemoveService(ctx, name)
+			if !errors.Is(err, api.ErrNotFound) {
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+			}
+			err = cli.RemoveService(ctx, client.CaddyServiceName)
+			if !errors.Is(err, api.ErrNotFound) {
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+			}
+		})
+
+		// First deploy a service with custom caddy config before caddy is deployed.
+		serviceCaddyfile := `test-custom-caddy-config.example.com {
+	reverse_proxy {{upstreams}} {
+		import common_proxy
+	}
+	log
+}`
+		spec := api.ServiceSpec{
+			Name: name,
+			Container: api.ContainerSpec{
+				Image: "portainer/pause:latest",
+			},
+			Caddy: &api.CaddySpec{
+				Config: serviceCaddyfile,
+			},
+		}
+
+		deployment := cli.NewDeployment(spec, nil)
+		_, err := deployment.Run(ctx)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		svc, err := cli.InspectService(ctx, name)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assertServiceMatchesSpec(t, svc, spec)
+
+		// Check that the generated Caddyfile contains a comment that user-define configs were skipped.
+		var config *pb.GetCaddyConfigResponse
+		require.Eventually(t, func() bool {
+			config, err = cli.Caddy.GetConfig(ctx, nil)
+			if err != nil {
+				return false
+			}
+			return strings.Contains(config.Caddyfile, "# NOTE: User-defined configs for services were skipped")
+		}, 5*time.Second, 100*time.Millisecond)
+
+		assert.NotContains(t, config.Caddyfile, "test-custom-caddy-config.example.com {")
+
+		// Now deploy caddy with custom config.
+		caddyCaddyfile := `{
+	debug
+}
+
+myapp.example.com {
+	reverse_proxy 1.2.3.4:8000
+}`
+		caddyDeployment, err := cli.NewCaddyDeployment("", caddyCaddyfile, api.Placement{})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		_, err = caddyDeployment.Run(ctx)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		caddySvc, err := cli.InspectService(ctx, client.CaddyServiceName)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assertServiceMatchesSpec(t, caddySvc, caddyDeployment.Spec)
+
+		// Wait for the Caddyfile to be regenerated with both custom configs.
+		require.Eventually(t, func() bool {
+			config, err = cli.Caddy.GetConfig(ctx, nil)
+			if err != nil {
+				return false
+			}
+			// Both configs should be present.
+			return strings.Contains(config.Caddyfile, caddyCaddyfile) &&
+				strings.Contains(config.Caddyfile, "test-custom-caddy-config.example.com")
+		}, 5*time.Second, 100*time.Millisecond,
+			"Expected both custom configs to be included in the Caddyfile")
+
+		assert.Contains(t, config.Caddyfile, "# This file is autogenerated by Uncloud")
+		assert.Contains(t, config.Caddyfile, "handle /.uncloud-verify")
+		assert.Contains(t, config.Caddyfile, caddyCaddyfile,
+			"Expected user-defined global Caddy config to be included in the Caddyfile")
+
+		ctrIP := svc.Containers[0].Container.UncloudNetworkIP().String()
+		renderedServiceCaddyfile := `test-custom-caddy-config.example.com {
+	reverse_proxy ` + ctrIP + ` {
+		import common_proxy
+	}
+	log
+}`
+		assert.Contains(t, config.Caddyfile, renderedServiceCaddyfile,
+			"Expected rendered user-defined Caddy config for test service to be included in the Caddyfile")
+
+		assert.NotContains(t, config.Caddyfile, "invalid user-defined configs",
+			"Should not have validation failure comments after caddy is deployed")
+
+		// Store the current valid config for later comparison.
+		validConfig := config.Caddyfile
+
+		// Now deploy a service with invalid Caddyfile that references missing cert files and check it isn't included.
+		invalidServiceName := "test-invalid-caddy-config"
+		t.Cleanup(func() {
+			err := cli.RemoveService(ctx, invalidServiceName)
+			if !errors.Is(err, api.ErrNotFound) {
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+			}
+		})
+
+		invalidCaddyfile := `test-invalid.example.com {
+	tls cert.pem key.pem
+}`
+		invalidSpec := api.ServiceSpec{
+			Name: invalidServiceName,
+			Container: api.ContainerSpec{
+				Image: "portainer/pause:latest",
+			},
+			Caddy: &api.CaddySpec{
+				Config: invalidCaddyfile,
+			},
+		}
+
+		invalidDeployment := cli.NewDeployment(invalidSpec, nil)
+		_, err = invalidDeployment.Run(ctx)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		invalidSvc, err := cli.InspectService(ctx, invalidServiceName)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assertServiceMatchesSpec(t, invalidSvc, invalidSpec)
+
+		// Wait a bit for any config updates to potentially happen.
+		time.Sleep(2 * time.Second)
+
+		// Check that the Caddy config hasn't changed.
+		newConfig, err := cli.Caddy.GetConfig(ctx, nil)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, validConfig, newConfig.Caddyfile,
+			"Caddy config should not change when an invalid user-defined Caddy config is deployed")
+	})
+
 	t.Run("replicated", func(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Parallel()
 

website/docs/1-overview.md

@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ Docker containers running on different machines get **unique IP addresses** from
 The design and implementation were highly inspired by
 Talos [KubeSpan](https://www.talos.dev/v1.10/talos-guides/network/kubespan/).
 
-### Managed DNS service
+### Managed DNS service (optional)
 
 Uncloud can provide **managed DNS records** like `<service-name>.<cluster-id>.cluster.uncloud.run` for your public
 services through free [Uncloud DNS](https://github.com/psviderski/uncloud-dns) service. You can deploy a service and
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ containers by their service names, `curl` service endpoints, or analyse traffic
 
 ## Getting started
 
-Install Uncloud CLI and deploy your first app in minutes:
+Install Uncloud CLI and deploy your first app:
 
 * [Install Uncloud CLI](./2-getting-started/1-install-cli.md)
 * [Deploy demo app](./2-getting-started/2-deploy-demo-app.md)

website/docs/2-getting-started/2-deploy-demo-app.md

@@ -318,8 +318,126 @@ Give it a moment for Caddy to obtain a TLS certificate, then visit https://excal
 
 ## Clean up
 
-TBD
+When you're done experimenting, you can remove the `excalidraw` service or uninstall Uncloud completely.
 
-## Next steps
+### Remove the service
 
-TBD
+Remove the `excalidraw` service while keeping your Uncloud machine running for future deployments:
+
+```shell
+uc rm excalidraw
+```
+
+### Uninstall Uncloud
+
+If you want to completely uninstall Uncloud from your server and clean up everything it created, SSH into your server
+and run:
+
+```shell
+sudo uncloud-uninstall
+```
+
+This command will:
+
+- Remove all Uncloud-managed containers (including Caddy)
+- Remove the Uncloud-managed Docker and WireGuard networks
+- Uninstall the Uncloud daemon from the server
+
+<details>
+<summary>💡 Expand to see example output</summary>
+
+```
+⚠️This script will uninstall Uncloud and remove ALL Uncloud managed containers on this machine.
+The following actions will be performed:
+- Remove Uncloud systemd services
+- Remove Uncloud binaries and data
+- Remove Uncloud user and group
+- Remove all Docker containers managed by Uncloud
+- Remove Uncloud Docker network
+- Remove Uncloud WireGuard interface
+Do you want to proceed with uninstallation? [y/N] y
+⏳ Stopping systemd services...
+Removed "/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/uncloud.service".
+The unit files have no installation config (WantedBy=, RequiredBy=, UpheldBy=,
+Also=, or Alias= settings in the [Install] section, and DefaultInstance= for
+template units). This means they are not meant to be enabled or disabled using systemctl.
+
+Possible reasons for having these kinds of units are:
+• A unit may be statically enabled by being symlinked from another unit's
+  .wants/, .requires/, or .upholds/ directory.
+• A unit's purpose may be to act as a helper for some other unit which has
+  a requirement dependency on it.
+• A unit may be started when needed via activation (socket, path, timer,
+  D-Bus, udev, scripted systemctl call, ...).
+• In case of template units, the unit is meant to be enabled with some
+  instance name specified.
+✓ Systemd services stopped.
+⏳ Removing systemd service files...
+removed '/etc/systemd/system/uncloud.service'
+removed '/etc/systemd/system/uncloud-corrosion.service'
+✓ Systemd service files removed.
+⏳ Removing binaries...
+removed '/usr/local/bin/uncloudd'
+removed '/usr/local/bin/uncloud-corrosion'
+✓ Binaries removed.
+⏳ Removing data and run directories...
+removed '/var/lib/uncloud/machine.db-wal'
+removed '/var/lib/uncloud/caddy/caddy/autosave.json'
+removed directory '/var/lib/uncloud/caddy/caddy'
+removed '/var/lib/uncloud/caddy/caddy.json'
+removed directory '/var/lib/uncloud/caddy'
+removed '/var/lib/uncloud/machine.json'
+removed '/var/lib/uncloud/machine.db-shm'
+removed '/var/lib/uncloud/corrosion/admin.sock'
+removed '/var/lib/uncloud/corrosion/config.toml'
+removed '/var/lib/uncloud/corrosion/subscriptions/b4e825113f1143e5b27715b62193a9f8/sub.sqlite-wal'
+removed '/var/lib/uncloud/corrosion/subscriptions/b4e825113f1143e5b27715b62193a9f8/sub.sqlite-shm'
+removed '/var/lib/uncloud/corrosion/subscriptions/b4e825113f1143e5b27715b62193a9f8/sub.sqlite'
+removed directory '/var/lib/uncloud/corrosion/subscriptions/b4e825113f1143e5b27715b62193a9f8'
+removed '/var/lib/uncloud/corrosion/subscriptions/5e04cbb20a2743c382cfbd4949922351/sub.sqlite'
+removed directory '/var/lib/uncloud/corrosion/subscriptions/5e04cbb20a2743c382cfbd4949922351'
+removed directory '/var/lib/uncloud/corrosion/subscriptions'
+removed '/var/lib/uncloud/corrosion/schema.sql'
+removed '/var/lib/uncloud/corrosion/store.db'
+removed directory '/var/lib/uncloud/corrosion'
+removed '/var/lib/uncloud/machine.db'
+removed directory '/var/lib/uncloud'
+removed directory '/run/uncloud'
+✓ Data and run directories removed.
+⏳ Removing Linux user and group...
+✓ Linux user 'uncloud' removed.
+Linux group 'uncloud' does not exist or was already removed.
+⏳ Looking for Docker containers and network created by Uncloud...
+Found 4 Uncloud managed containers.
+⏳ Stopping Uncloud managed containers...
+20613f6046d0
+1f1a65b78e93
+4300bde4a2b0
+053fdd57ec56
+⏳ Removing Uncloud managed containers...
+20613f6046d0
+1f1a65b78e93
+4300bde4a2b0
+053fdd57ec56
+✓ Uncloud managed containers stopped and removed.
+⏳ Removing Docker network uncloud...
+uncloud
+✓ Docker network uncloud removed.
+⏳ Removing WireGuard interface uncloud...
+✓ WireGuard interface uncloud removed.
+⏳ Removing uninstall script...
+removed '/usr/local/bin/uncloud-uninstall'
+✓ Uninstall script removed.
+
+✅ Uncloud has been uninstalled successfully!
+Note: Docker installation was preserved. If you want to completely remove Docker as well, follow https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/ubuntu/#uninstall-docker-engine
+```
+
+</details>
+
+## Further reading
+
+- **[Add more machines](../9-cli-reference/uc_machine_add.md)**: Scale horizontally by creating a cluster of machines
+- **[Ingress & HTTP](../3-concepts/1-ingress/1-overview.md)**: Learn how Uncloud handles incoming traffic and how to
+  expose your services to the internet
+- **[CLI reference](../9-cli-reference/uc.md)**: Explore all available commands and options

website/docs/3-concepts/1-ingress/1-overview.md

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+---
+sidebar_label: Overview
+---
+
+# Ingress & HTTPS
+
+Uncloud uses [Caddy](https://caddyserver.com/) as its reverse proxy to handle incoming traffic, provide automatic HTTPS
+with [Let's Encrypt](https://letsencrypt.org/), and route requests to your services.
+
+## How it works
+
+Caddy runs as a global service `caddy` on every machine in your cluster, listening on the host ports 80 (HTTP) and 443
+(HTTPS).
+
+It's deployed during cluster initialisation (`uc machine init`) unless you use the `--no-caddy` flag.
+See [Managing Caddy](3-managing-caddy.md) for deployment and customisation instructions.
+
+When you [publish a service port](2-publishing-services.md), Uncloud automatically configures Caddy to:
+
+1. Listen for requests on the specified hostname (domain name).
+2. Automatically obtain and renew a TLS certificate from Let's Encrypt for HTTPS.
+3. Route traffic to the **healthy** service container(s).
+4. Load balance across healthy replicas if there are multiple.
+
+For advanced use cases, Uncloud allows to customise the Caddy config using the `x-caddy` extension in Compose files.
+See [Custom Caddy configuration](2-publishing-services.md#custom-caddy-configuration) for details.

website/docs/3-concepts/1-ingress/2-publishing-services.md

@@ -0,0 +1,352 @@
+# Publishing services
+
+Publishing service ports makes your services available outside the cluster. This means your services can be accessed
+from the internet or local network, depending on your setup.
+
+You can publish service ports in three ways:
+
+- Using the `-p/--publish` flag with `uc run`.
+- Using the `x-ports` extension in a Compose file with `uc deploy`.
+- Using the `--caddyfile` flag with `uc run` or `x-caddy` extension in a Compose file for custom Caddy configuration.
+
+For example, run a service with container port 8000 exposed as https://app.example.com via Caddy reverse proxy:
+
+```shell
+uc run -p app.example.com:8000/https app:latest
+```
+
+```
+[+] Running service app-mwng (replicated mode) 1/1
+ ✔ Container app-mwng-6lub on machine-fnr9  Started
+
+app-mwng endpoints:
+ • https://app.example.com → :8000
+```
+
+Create an `A` record in your DNS provider (Cloudflare, Namecheap, etc.) pointing `app.example.com` to the public IP
+address or your machine(s). Once DNS is propagated and Caddy obtains a TLS certificate, you can access your service
+securely over HTTPS.
+
+## Ingress vs host mode
+
+**HTTP/HTTPS** ports are exposed via Caddy using the following format for the `-p/--publish` flag and `x-ports`
+extension:
+
+```
+[hostname:]container_port[/protocol]
+```
+
+- `hostname` (optional): The domain name to use for accessing the service. If omitted and a cluster domain is reserved,
+  `<service-name>.<cluster-domain>` is used.
+- `container_port`: The port number within the container that's listening for traffic.
+- `protocol` (optional): `http` or `https` (default: `https`)
+
+**TCP/UDP** ports can only be exposed in host mode, which binds the container port directly to the host machine's
+network interface(s). This is useful for non-HTTP services that need direct port access (bypasses Caddy):
+
+```
+[host_ip:]host_port:container_port[/protocol]@host
+```
+
+- `host_ip` (optional): The IP address on the host to bind to. If omitted, binds to all interfaces.
+- `host_port`: The port number on the host to bind to.
+- `container_port`: The port number within the container that's listening for traffic.
+- `protocol` (optional): `tcp` or `udp` (default: `tcp`)
+
+| Port value                   | Description                                                                          |
+|------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| `8000/http`                  | Publish port 8000 as HTTP via Caddy using hostname `<service-name>.<cluster-domain>` |
+| `app.example.com:8080/https` | Publish port 8080 as HTTPS via Caddy using hostname `app.example.com`                |
+| `127.0.0.1:5432:5432@host`   | Bind TCP port 5432 to host port 5432 on loopback interface only                      |
+| `53:5353/udp@host`           | Bind UDP port 5353 to host port 53 on all network interfaces                         |
+
+:::warning
+
+Do not publish internal-only services like databases unless absolutely necessary. You only need to publish ports for
+services that should be accessible from outside the cluster. Services within the cluster can communicate with each other
+by their DNS names `service-name` or `service-name.internal` without publishing ports.
+
+:::
+
+## Using Compose
+
+Use the `x-ports` extension in a Compose file to publish service ports:
+
+```yaml title="compose.yaml"
+services:
+  app:
+    image: app:latest
+    x-ports:
+      - example.com:8000/https
+      - www.example.com:8000/https  # The same port can be published with multiple hostnames
+      - api.domain.tld:9000/https   # Another port can be published with a different hostname
+```
+
+## Custom Caddy configuration
+
+For advanced routing and behavior, use `x-caddy` instead of `x-ports`. It allows you to provide custom Caddy
+configuration for a service in [Caddyfile](https://caddyserver.com/docs/caddyfile) format.
+
+```yaml title="compose.yaml"
+services:
+  app:
+    image: app:latest
+    x-caddy: |
+      www.example.com {
+          redir https://example.com{uri} permanent
+      }
+
+      example.com {
+          basic_auth /admin/* {
+              admin $2a$14$...  # bcrypt hash
+          }
+
+          header /static/* Cache-Control max-age=604800
+          reverse_proxy {{upstreams 8000}} {
+              import common_proxy
+          }
+          log
+      }
+```
+
+You can inline the Caddyfile or load it from a file: `x-caddy: ./Caddyfile`. When using a file, the path is relative to
+the Compose file location. See the [Caddy documentation](https://caddyserver.com/docs/caddyfile) for syntax and
+features.
+
+:::info note
+
+You cannot use `x-caddy` with `http` or `https` ports in `x-ports`. `tcp` and `udp` ports in host mode are allowed
+though.
+
+:::
+
+Use it when you need:
+
+- Custom routing rules (different paths, redirects, rewrites, multiple services on one domain).
+- Custom headers, authentication, or caching.
+- Custom load balancing strategies and options.
+- Request and response manipulation.
+- Advanced TLS settings.
+- Other Caddy features and plugins.
+
+See [Deploying or updating Caddy](3-managing-caddy.md#deploying-or-updating-caddy) for details on deploying Caddy with a
+custom global configuration.
+
+### Templates
+
+`x-caddy` configs are processed as [Go templates](https://pkg.go.dev/text/template), allowing you to use dynamic values.
+The following functions and variables are available:
+
+| Template                              | Description                                                                                   |
+|---------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| `{{upstreams [service-name] [port]}}` | A space-separated list of healthy container IPs for the current or specified service and port |
+| `{{.Name}}`                           | The name of the service the config belongs to                                                 |
+| `{{.Upstreams}}`                      | A map of all service names to their healthy container IPs                                     |
+
+The templates are automatically re-rendered and Caddy is reloaded when service containers start/stop or health status
+changes.
+
+**Examples:**
+
+1. Current service upstreams, default port:
+   ```caddyfile
+   reverse_proxy {{upstreams}}
+   ```
+   ↓
+
+   ```caddyfile
+   reverse_proxy 10.210.1.3 10.210.2.5
+   ```
+2. Current service upstreams, port 8000:
+   ```caddyfile
+   reverse_proxy {{upstreams 8000}}
+   ```
+   ↓
+
+   ```caddyfile
+   reverse_proxy 10.210.1.3:8000 10.210.2.5:8000
+   ```
+3. Current service upstreams with `https` scheme:
+   ```caddyfile
+   reverse_proxy {{- range $ip := index .Upstreams .Name}} https://{{$ip}}{{end}}
+   ```
+   ↓
+
+   ```caddyfile
+   reverse_proxy https://10.210.1.3 https://10.210.2.5
+   ```
+4. `api` service upstreams, port 9000:
+   ```caddyfile
+   handle_path /api/* {
+       reverse_proxy {{upstreams "api" 9000}}
+   }
+   ```
+   ↓
+
+   ```caddyfile
+   handle_path /api/* {
+       reverse_proxy 10.210.2.2:9000 10.210.1.7:9000 10.210.2.3:9000
+   }
+   ```
+
+### Verifying Caddy config
+
+Use `uc caddy config` to view the complete generated Caddyfile served by the `caddy` service. This is useful for
+debugging and verifying your `x-caddy` configs.
+
+Example output:
+
+```caddyfile
+# This file is autogenerated by Uncloud based on the configuration of running services.
+# Do not edit manually. Any manual changes will be overwritten on the next update.
+
+# User-defined global config from service 'caddy'.
+*.example.com {
+	tls {
+		dns cloudflare {env.CLOUDFLARE_API_TOKEN}
+	}
+	respond "No host matched" 404
+}
+
+# Health check endpoint to verify Caddy reachability on this machine.
+http:// {
+	handle /.uncloud-verify {
+		respond "a369b9388812f9557feef6a0f5b46f2e" 200
+	}
+	log
+}
+
+(common_proxy) {
+	# Retry failed requests up to lb_retries times against other available upstreams.
+	lb_retries 3
+	# Upstreams are marked unhealthy for fail_duration after a failed request (passive health checking).
+	fail_duration 30s
+}
+
+# Sites generated from service ports.
+
+https://app.example.com {
+	reverse_proxy 10.210.1.3:8000 10.210.2.5:8000 {
+		import common_proxy
+	}
+	log
+}
+
+https://api.example.com {
+	reverse_proxy 10.210.2.2:9000 10.210.1.7:9000 10.210.2.3:9000 {
+		import common_proxy
+	}
+	log
+}
+
+# User-defined config for service 'web'.
+www.example.com {
+    redir https://example.com{uri} permanent
+}
+
+example.com {
+    reverse_proxy 10.210.0.3:8000 {
+        import common_proxy
+    }
+    log
+}
+
+# Skipped invalid user-defined configs:
+# - service 'duplicate-hostname': validation failed: adapting config using caddyfile adapter: ambiguous site definition: example.com
+# - service 'invalid': validation failed: adapting config using caddyfile adapter: Caddyfile:61: unrecognized directive: invalid_directive
+```
+
+The generated config combines:
+
+- Global Caddy configuration (`x-caddy` from the `caddy` service).
+  See [Deploying or updating Caddy](3-managing-caddy.md#deploying-or-updating-caddy) for details.
+- Auto-generated configs from published service ports (`x-ports`).
+- Custom Caddy configs from services (`x-caddy`).
+- Skipped invalid configs with error messages as comments.
+
+:::warning important
+
+Custom Caddy configs from different services must not conflict (all services must use unique hostnames).
+See [Multiple services on one domain](#multiple-services-on-one-domain) for an example of how to share one hostname
+between multiple services.
+
+Conflicting or invalid configs are detected using [caddy adapt](https://caddyserver.com/docs/command-line#caddy-adapt)
+command and skipped. However, some errors could still break the entire config so Caddy will fail to load it. Check the
+`caddy` service logs to troubleshoot.
+
+:::
+
+### Common use cases
+
+#### Redirects
+
+Publish a service on `example.com` and redirect requests from `www.example.com` to `example.com`:
+
+<Tabs>
+<TabItem value="compose.yaml">
+
+```yaml
+services:
+  app:
+    image: app:latest
+    x-caddy: ./Caddyfile
+```
+
+</TabItem>
+<TabItem value="Caddyfile">
+
+```caddyfile
+www.example.com {
+    redir https://example.com{uri} permanent
+}
+
+example.com {
+    reverse_proxy {{upstreams 8000}} {
+        import common_proxy
+    }
+    log
+}
+```
+
+</TabItem>
+</Tabs>
+
+#### Multiple services on one domain
+
+You can publish multiple services on the same hostname by using different paths for each service. For example, route
+`/` to the web service and `/api` to the API service:
+
+<Tabs>
+<TabItem value="compose.yaml">
+
+```yaml
+services:
+  api:
+    image: api:latest
+  web:
+    image: web:latest
+    # Make sure only one service defines a Caddy config for the hostname.
+    x-caddy: ./Caddyfile
+```
+
+</TabItem>
+<TabItem value="Caddyfile">
+
+```caddyfile
+example.com {
+    handle_path /api/* {
+        reverse_proxy {{upstreams "api" 9000}} {
+            import common_proxy
+        }
+    }
+
+    reverse_proxy {{upstreams}} {
+        import common_proxy
+    }
+
+    log
+}
+```
+
+</TabItem>
+</Tabs>

website/docs/3-concepts/1-ingress/3-managing-caddy.md

@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+# Managing Caddy
+
+Caddy is automatically deployed as a global service `caddy` when you initialise a cluster with `uc machine init`. It
+runs on every machine to handle incoming HTTP/HTTPS traffic and route it to your services.
+
+## Checking status
+
+View the `caddy` service status and which machines it's running on:
+
+```shell
+uc inspect caddy
+```
+
+```
+ID:    b5b269d5dc5ed4fdae6542894f94de82
+Name:  caddy
+Mode:  global
+
+CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          CREATED        STATUS       MACHINE
+fb8f390e634d   caddy:2.10.0   3 weeks ago    Up 3 weeks   prod-ap1
+0182f5d7bd9f   caddy:2.10.0   3 months ago   Up 3 weeks   prod-us1
+```
+
+## Deploying or updating Caddy
+
+### Using CLI
+
+Update to the latest stable version using the [caddy](https://hub.docker.com/_/caddy) image from Docker Hub:
+
+```shell
+uc caddy deploy
+```
+
+Deploy a specific version or custom image:
+
+```shell
+uc caddy deploy --image caddybuilds/caddy-cloudflare:2.10.2
+```
+
+Deploy with custom global configuration:
+
+```shell
+uc caddy deploy --caddyfile global.Caddyfile
+```
+
+Example global configuration:
+
+```caddyfile title=global.Caddyfile
+# Global options.
+{
+    debug
+}
+
+# A snippet that can be reused in custom Caddy configs for services (x-caddy).
+(my_snippet) {
+    ...
+}
+
+# Expose an internal service that is not managed by Uncloud.
+internal.example.com {
+    reverse_proxy 192.168.1.100
+}
+```
+
+### Using Compose
+
+You can manage the Caddy deployment with a Compose file for more control. For example, to deploy a custom global Caddy
+config that uses the DNS challenge with Cloudflare to obtain a wildcard TLS certificate for `*.example.com`:
+
+<Tabs>
+<TabItem value="compose.yaml">
+
+```yaml
+services:
+  caddy:
+    image: caddybuilds/caddy-cloudflare:2.10.2
+    command: caddy run -c /config/Caddyfile
+    environment:
+      CADDY_ADMIN: unix//run/caddy/admin.sock
+    env_file:
+      # Contains CLOUDFLARE_API_TOKEN=xxxxx
+      - .env.secrets
+    volumes:
+      - /var/lib/uncloud/caddy:/data
+      - /var/lib/uncloud/caddy:/config
+      - /run/uncloud/caddy:/run/caddy
+    x-ports:
+      - 80:80@host
+      - 443:443@host
+    x-caddy: Caddyfile
+    deploy:
+      mode: global
+```
+
+</TabItem>
+<TabItem value="Caddyfile">
+
+```caddyfile
+# Global options.
+{
+    debug
+}
+
+# A snippet that can be reused in custom Caddy configs for services (x-caddy).
+(my_snippet) {
+    ...
+}
+
+# Obtain a wildcard TLS certificate for all subdomains of example.name using DNS challenge with Cloudflare.
+# It will be used for services that publish ports with hostnames under example.name.
+*.example.com {
+    tls {
+            dns cloudflare {env.CLOUDFLARE_API_TOKEN}
+    }
+    respond "No host matched" 404
+}
+
+# Expose an internal service that is not managed by Uncloud.
+internal.example.com {
+    reverse_proxy 192.168.1.100
+}
+```
+
+</TabItem>
+</Tabs>
+
+:::info note
+
+The specified `command`, `environment`, `volumes`, and `x-ports` properties are essential for Caddy to function
+correctly in the Uncloud cluster.
+
+:::
+
+Deploy or update the `caddy` service from the Compose file:
+
+```shell
+uc deploy
+```
+
+## Verifying config
+
+View the complete generated Caddyfile served by the `caddy` service. This is useful for debugging and verifying
+custom global and service-specific Caddy configs.
+
+```shell
+uc caddy config
+```
+
+Example output:
+
+```caddyfile
+# This file is autogenerated by Uncloud based on the configuration of running services.
+# Do not edit manually. Any manual changes will be overwritten on the next update.
+
+# User-defined global config from service 'caddy'.
+# Global options.
+{
+    debug
+}
+
+# A snippet that can be reused in custom Caddy configs for services (x-caddy).
+(my_snippet) {
+    ...
+}
+
+# Obtain a wildcard TLS certificate for all subdomains of example.name using DNS challenge with Cloudflare.
+# It will be used for services that publish ports with hostnames under example.name.
+*.example.com {
+    tls {
+            dns cloudflare {env.CLOUDFLARE_API_TOKEN}
+    }
+    respond "No host matched" 404
+}
+
+# Expose an internal service that is not managed by Uncloud.
+internal.example.com {
+    reverse_proxy 192.168.1.100
+}
+
+# Health check endpoint to verify Caddy reachability on this machine.
+http:// {
+	handle /.uncloud-verify {
+		respond "a369b9388812f9557feef6a0f5b46f2e" 200
+	}
+	log
+}
+
+(common_proxy) {
+	# Retry failed requests up to lb_retries times against other available upstreams.
+	lb_retries 3
+	# Upstreams are marked unhealthy for fail_duration after a failed request (passive health checking).
+	fail_duration 30s
+}
+
+# Sites generated from service ports.
+
+https://app.example.com {
+	reverse_proxy 10.210.1.3:8000 10.210.2.5:8000 {
+		import common_proxy
+	}
+	log
+}
+
+https://api.example.com {
+	reverse_proxy 10.210.2.2:9000 10.210.1.7:9000 10.210.2.3:9000 {
+		import common_proxy
+	}
+	log
+}
+
+# User-defined config for service 'web'.
+www.example.com {
+    redir https://example.com{uri} permanent
+}
+
+example.com {
+    reverse_proxy 10.210.0.3:8000 {
+        import common_proxy
+    }
+    log
+}
+
+# Skipped invalid user-defined configs:
+# - service 'duplicate-hostname': validation failed: adapting config using caddyfile adapter: ambiguous site definition: example.com
+# - service 'invalid': validation failed: adapting config using caddyfile adapter: Caddyfile:61: unrecognized directive: invalid_directive
+```
+
+The generated config combines:
+
+- Global Caddy configuration (`x-caddy` from the `caddy` service).
+- Auto-generated configs from published service ports (`x-ports`).
+- Custom Caddy configs from services (`x-caddy`).
+- Skipped invalid configs with error messages as comments.

website/docs/3-concepts/1-ingress/_category_.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+label: Ingress & HTTPS
+collapsed: true # keep the category closed by default
+link:
+  type: generated-index

website/docs/3-concepts/_category_.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+label: Concepts
+collapsed: false # keep the category open by default
+link:
+  type: generated-index

website/docs/9-cli-reference/_category_.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+label: CLI reference
+collapsed: true # keep the category closed by default
+link:
+  type: generated-index

website/docs/9-cli-reference/uc.md

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+# uc
+
+A CLI tool for managing Uncloud resources such as machines, services, and volumes.
+
+## Options
+
+```
+      --connect string          Connect to a remote cluster machine without using the Uncloud configuration file. [$UNCLOUD_CONNECT]
+                                Format: [ssh://]user@host[:port] or tcp://host:port
+  -h, --help                    help for uc
+      --uncloud-config string   Path to the Uncloud configuration file. [$UNCLOUD_CONFIG] (default "~/.config/uncloud/config.yaml")
+```
+
+## See also
+
+* [uc build](uc_build.md)	 - Build services from a Compose file.
+* [uc caddy](uc_caddy.md)	 - Manage Caddy reverse proxy service.
+* [uc ctx](uc_ctx.md)	 - Switch between different cluster contexts. Contains subcommands to manage contexts.
+* [uc deploy](uc_deploy.md)	 - Deploy services from a Compose file.
+* [uc dns](uc_dns.md)	 - Manage cluster domain in Uncloud DNS.
+* [uc inspect](uc_inspect.md)	 - Display detailed information on a service.
+* [uc ls](uc_ls.md)	 - List services.
+* [uc machine](uc_machine.md)	 - Manage machines in an Uncloud cluster.
+* [uc rm](uc_rm.md)	 - Remove one or more services.
+* [uc run](uc_run.md)	 - Run a service.
+* [uc scale](uc_scale.md)	 - Scale a replicated service by changing the number of replicas.
+* [uc service](uc_service.md)	 - Manage services in an Uncloud cluster.
+* [uc volume](uc_volume.md)	 - Manage volumes in an Uncloud cluster.
+

website/docs/9-cli-reference/uc_build.md

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+# uc build
+
+Build services from a Compose file.
+
+```
+uc build [FLAGS] [SERVICE...] [flags]
+```
+
+## Options
+
+```
+  -f, --file strings      One or more Compose files to build (default compose.yaml)
+  -h, --help              help for build
+  -n, --no-cache          Do not use cache when building images. (default false)
+  -p, --profile strings   One or more Compose profiles to enable.
+  -P, --push              Push built images to the registry after building. (default false)
+```
+
+## Options inherited from parent commands
+
+```
+      --connect string          Connect to a remote cluster machine without using the Uncloud configuration file. [$UNCLOUD_CONNECT]
+                                Format: [ssh://]user@host[:port] or tcp://host:port
+      --uncloud-config string   Path to the Uncloud configuration file. [$UNCLOUD_CONFIG] (default "~/.config/uncloud/config.yaml")
+```
+
+## See also
+
+* [uc](uc.md)	 - A CLI tool for managing Uncloud resources such as machines, services, and volumes.
+

website/docs/9-cli-reference/uc_caddy.md

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# uc caddy
+
+Manage Caddy reverse proxy service.
+
+## Options
+
+```
+  -h, --help   help for caddy
+```
+
+## Options inherited from parent commands
+
+```
+      --connect string          Connect to a remote cluster machine without using the Uncloud configuration file. [$UNCLOUD_CONNECT]
+                                Format: [ssh://]user@host[:port] or tcp://host:port
+      --uncloud-config string   Path to the Uncloud configuration file. [$UNCLOUD_CONFIG] (default "~/.config/uncloud/config.yaml")
+```
+
+## See also
+
+* [uc](uc.md)	 - A CLI tool for managing Uncloud resources such as machines, services, and volumes.
+* [uc caddy config](uc_caddy_config.md)	 - Show the current Caddy configuration (Caddyfile).
+* [uc caddy deploy](uc_caddy_deploy.md)	 - Deploy or upgrade Caddy reverse proxy across all machines in the cluster.
+

website/docs/9-cli-reference/uc_caddy_config.md

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+# uc caddy config
+
+Show the current Caddy configuration (Caddyfile).
+
+## Synopsis
+
+Display the current Caddy configuration (Caddyfile) from the connected machine or a specified one.
+
+```
+uc caddy config [flags]
+```
+
+## Options
+
+```
+  -c, --context string   Name of the cluster context. (default is the current context)
+  -h, --help             help for config
+  -m, --machine string   Name or ID of the machine to get the configuration from. (default is connected machine)
+      --no-color         Disable syntax highlighting for the output.
+```
+
+## Options inherited from parent commands
+
+```
+      --connect string          Connect to a remote cluster machine without using the Uncloud configuration file. [$UNCLOUD_CONNECT]
+                                Format: [ssh://]user@host[:port] or tcp://host:port
+      --uncloud-config string   Path to the Uncloud configuration file. [$UNCLOUD_CONFIG] (default "~/.config/uncloud/config.yaml")
+```
+
+## See also
+
+* [uc caddy](uc_caddy.md)	 - Manage Caddy reverse proxy service.
+

website/docs/9-cli-reference/uc_caddy_deploy.md

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+# uc caddy deploy
+
+Deploy or upgrade Caddy reverse proxy across all machines in the cluster.
+
+## Synopsis
+
+Deploy or upgrade Caddy reverse proxy across all machines in the cluster.
+A rolling update is performed when updating existing containers to minimise disruption.
+
+```
+uc caddy deploy [flags]
+```
+
+## Options
+
+```
+      --caddyfile string   Path to a custom global Caddy config (Caddyfile) that will be prepended to the auto-generated Caddy config.
+  -c, --context string     Name of the cluster context to deploy to. (default is the current context)
+  -h, --help               help for deploy
+      --image string       Caddy Docker image to deploy. (default caddy:LATEST_VERSION)
+  -m, --machine strings    Machine names to deploy to. Can be specified multiple times or as a comma-separated list of machine names. (default is all machines)
+```
+
+## Options inherited from parent commands
+
+```
+      --connect string          Connect to a remote cluster machine without using the Uncloud configuration file. [$UNCLOUD_CONNECT]
+                                Format: [ssh://]user@host[:port] or tcp://host:port
+      --uncloud-config string   Path to the Uncloud configuration file. [$UNCLOUD_CONFIG] (default "~/.config/uncloud/config.yaml")
+```
+
+## See also
+
+* [uc caddy](uc_caddy.md)	 - Manage Caddy reverse proxy service.
+

website/docs/9-cli-reference/uc_ctx.md

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# uc ctx
+
+Switch between different cluster contexts. Contains subcommands to manage contexts.
+
+```
+uc ctx [flags]
+```
+
+## Options
+
+```
+  -h, --help   help for ctx
+```
+
+## Options inherited from parent commands
+
+```
+      --connect string          Connect to a remote cluster machine without using the Uncloud configuration file. [$UNCLOUD_CONNECT]
+                                Format: [ssh://]user@host[:port] or tcp://host:port
+      --uncloud-config string   Path to the Uncloud configuration file. [$UNCLOUD_CONFIG] (default "~/.config/uncloud/config.yaml")
+```
+
+## See also
+
+* [uc](uc.md)	 - A CLI tool for managing Uncloud resources such as machines, services, and volumes.
+* [uc ctx ls](uc_ctx_ls.md)	 - List available cluster contexts.
+* [uc ctx use](uc_ctx_use.md)	 - Switch to a different cluster context.
+

website/docs/9-cli-reference/uc_ctx_ls.md

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# uc ctx ls
+
+List available cluster contexts.
+
+```
+uc ctx ls [flags]
+```
+
+## Options
+
+```
+  -h, --help   help for ls
+```
+
+## Options inherited from parent commands
+
+```
+      --connect string          Connect to a remote cluster machine without using the Uncloud configuration file. [$UNCLOUD_CONNECT]
+                                Format: [ssh://]user@host[:port] or tcp://host:port
+      --uncloud-config string   Path to the Uncloud configuration file. [$UNCLOUD_CONFIG] (default "~/.config/uncloud/config.yaml")
+```
+
+## See also
+
+* [uc ctx](uc_ctx.md)	 - Switch between different cluster contexts. Contains subcommands to manage contexts.
+

website/docs/9-cli-reference/uc_ctx_use.md

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+# uc ctx use
+
+Switch to a different cluster context.
+
+## Synopsis
+
+Switch to a different cluster context. If no context is provided, a list of available contexts will be displayed for selection.
+
+```
+uc ctx use [CONTEXT] [flags]
+```
+
+## Options
+
+```
+  -h, --help   help for use
+```
+
+## Options inherited from parent commands
+
+```
+      --connect string          Connect to a remote cluster machine without using the Uncloud configuration file. [$UNCLOUD_CONNECT]
+                                Format: [ssh://]user@host[:port] or tcp://host:port
+      --uncloud-config string   Path to the Uncloud configuration file. [$UNCLOUD_CONFIG] (default "~/.config/uncloud/config.yaml")
+```
+
+## See also
+
+* [uc ctx](uc_ctx.md)	 - Switch between different cluster contexts. Contains subcommands to manage contexts.
+

website/docs/9-cli-reference/uc_deploy.md

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+# uc deploy
+
+Deploy services from a Compose file.
+
+```
+uc deploy [FLAGS] [SERVICE...] [flags]
+```
+
+## Options
+
+```
+  -c, --context string    Name of the cluster context to deploy to (default is the current context)
+  -f, --file strings      One or more Compose files to deploy services from. (default compose.yaml)
+  -h, --help              help for deploy
+  -n, --no-build          Do not build images before deploying services. (default false)
+  -p, --profile strings   One or more Compose profiles to enable.
+      --recreate          Recreate containers even if their configuration and image haven't changed.
+  -y, --yes               Auto-confirm deployment plan. Enabled by default when running non-interactively,
+                          e.g., in CI/CD pipelines.
+```
+
+## Options inherited from parent commands
+
+```
+      --connect string          Connect to a remote cluster machine without using the Uncloud configuration file. [$UNCLOUD_CONNECT]
+                                Format: [ssh://]user@host[:port] or tcp://host:port
+      --uncloud-config string   Path to the Uncloud configuration file. [$UNCLOUD_CONFIG] (default "~/.config/uncloud/config.yaml")
+```
+
+## See also
+
+* [uc](uc.md)	 - A CLI tool for managing Uncloud resources such as machines, services, and volumes.
+

website/docs/9-cli-reference/uc_dns.md

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+# uc dns
+
+Manage cluster domain in Uncloud DNS.
+
+## Synopsis
+
+Manage cluster domain in Uncloud DNS.
+DNS commands allow you to reserve or release a unique '\<id>.cluster.uncloud.run' domain for your cluster. When reserved, Caddy service deployments will automatically update DNS records to route traffic to the services in the cluster.
+
+## Options
+
+```
+  -h, --help   help for dns
+```
+
+## Options inherited from parent commands
+
+```
+      --connect string          Connect to a remote cluster machine without using the Uncloud configuration file. [$UNCLOUD_CONNECT]
+                                Format: [ssh://]user@host[:port] or tcp://host:port
+      --uncloud-config string   Path to the Uncloud configuration file. [$UNCLOUD_CONFIG] (default "~/.config/uncloud/config.yaml")
+```
+
+## See also
+
+* [uc](uc.md)	 - A CLI tool for managing Uncloud resources such as machines, services, and volumes.
+* [uc dns release](uc_dns_release.md)	 - Release the reserved cluster domain.
+* [uc dns reserve](uc_dns_reserve.md)	 - Reserve a cluster domain in Uncloud DNS.
+* [uc dns show](uc_dns_show.md)	 - Print the cluster domain name.
+

website/docs/9-cli-reference/uc_dns_release.md

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# uc dns release
+
+Release the reserved cluster domain.
+
+```
+uc dns release [flags]
+```
+
+## Options
+
+```
+  -c, --context string   Name of the cluster context. (default is the current context)
+  -h, --help             help for release
+```
+
+## Options inherited from parent commands
+
+```
+      --connect string          Connect to a remote cluster machine without using the Uncloud configuration file. [$UNCLOUD_CONNECT]
+                                Format: [ssh://]user@host[:port] or tcp://host:port
+      --uncloud-config string   Path to the Uncloud configuration file. [$UNCLOUD_CONFIG] (default "~/.config/uncloud/config.yaml")
+```
+
+## See also
+
+* [uc dns](uc_dns.md)	 - Manage cluster domain in Uncloud DNS.
+

website/docs/9-cli-reference/uc_dns_reserve.md

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# uc dns reserve
+
+Reserve a cluster domain in Uncloud DNS.
+
+```
+uc dns reserve [flags]
+```
+
+## Options
+
+```
+  -c, --context string    Name of the cluster context. (default is the current context)
+      --endpoint string   API endpoint for the Uncloud DNS service. (default "https://dns.uncloud.run/v1")
+  -h, --help              help for reserve
+```
+
+## Options inherited from parent commands
+
+```
+      --connect string          Connect to a remote cluster machine without using the Uncloud configuration file. [$UNCLOUD_CONNECT]
+                                Format: [ssh://]user@host[:port] or tcp://host:port
+      --uncloud-config string   Path to the Uncloud configuration file. [$UNCLOUD_CONFIG] (default "~/.config/uncloud/config.yaml")
+```
+
+## See also
+
+* [uc dns](uc_dns.md)	 - Manage cluster domain in Uncloud DNS.
+

website/docs/9-cli-reference/uc_dns_show.md

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# uc dns show
+
+Print the cluster domain name.
+
+```
+uc dns show [flags]
+```
+
+## Options
+
+```
+  -c, --context string   Name of the cluster context. (default is the current context)
+  -h, --help             help for show
+```
+
+## Options inherited from parent commands
+
+```
+      --connect string          Connect to a remote cluster machine without using the Uncloud configuration file. [$UNCLOUD_CONNECT]
+                                Format: [ssh://]user@host[:port] or tcp://host:port
+      --uncloud-config string   Path to the Uncloud configuration file. [$UNCLOUD_CONFIG] (default "~/.config/uncloud/config.yaml")
+```
+
+## See also
+
+* [uc dns](uc_dns.md)	 - Manage cluster domain in Uncloud DNS.
+

website/docs/9-cli-reference/uc_inspect.md

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# uc inspect
+
+Display detailed information on a service.
+
+```
+uc inspect SERVICE [flags]
+```
+
+## Options
+
+```
+  -c, --context string   Name of the cluster context. (default is the current context)
+  -h, --help             help for inspect
+```
+
+## Options inherited from parent commands
+
+```
+      --connect string          Connect to a remote cluster machine without using the Uncloud configuration file. [$UNCLOUD_CONNECT]
+                                Format: [ssh://]user@host[:port] or tcp://host:port
+      --uncloud-config string   Path to the Uncloud configuration file. [$UNCLOUD_CONFIG] (default "~/.config/uncloud/config.yaml")
+```
+
+## See also
+
+* [uc](uc.md)	 - A CLI tool for managing Uncloud resources such as machines, services, and volumes.
+

website/docs/9-cli-reference/uc_ls.md

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# uc ls
+
+List services.
+
+```
+uc ls [flags]
+```
+
+## Options
+
+```
+  -c, --context string   Name of the cluster context. (default is the current context)
+  -h, --help             help for ls
+```
+
+## Options inherited from parent commands
+
+```
+      --connect string          Connect to a remote cluster machine without using the Uncloud configuration file. [$UNCLOUD_CONNECT]
+                                Format: [ssh://]user@host[:port] or tcp://host:port
+      --uncloud-config string   Path to the Uncloud configuration file. [$UNCLOUD_CONFIG] (default "~/.config/uncloud/config.yaml")
+```
+
+## See also
+
+* [uc](uc.md)	 - A CLI tool for managing Uncloud resources such as machines, services, and volumes.
+

website/docs/9-cli-reference/uc_machine.md

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+# uc machine
+
+Manage machines in an Uncloud cluster.
+
+## Options
+
+```
+  -h, --help   help for machine
+```
+
+## Options inherited from parent commands
+
+```
+      --connect string          Connect to a remote cluster machine without using the Uncloud configuration file. [$UNCLOUD_CONNECT]
+                                Format: [ssh://]user@host[:port] or tcp://host:port
+      --uncloud-config string   Path to the Uncloud configuration file. [$UNCLOUD_CONFIG] (default "~/.config/uncloud/config.yaml")
+```
+
+## See also
+
+* [uc](uc.md)	 - A CLI tool for managing Uncloud resources such as machines, services, and volumes.
+* [uc machine add](uc_machine_add.md)	 - Add a remote machine to a cluster.
+* [uc machine init](uc_machine_init.md)	 - Initialise a new cluster with a remote machine as the first member.
+* [uc machine ls](uc_machine_ls.md)	 - List machines in a cluster.
+* [uc machine rename](uc_machine_rename.md)	 - Rename a machine in the cluster.
+* [uc machine rm](uc_machine_rm.md)	 - Remove a machine from a cluster and reset it.
+* [uc machine token](uc_machine_token.md)	 - Print the local machine's token for adding it to a cluster.
+* [uc machine update](uc_machine_update.md)	 - Update machine configuration in the cluster.
+

website/docs/9-cli-reference/uc_machine_add.md

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+# uc machine add
+
+Add a remote machine to a cluster.
+
+```
+uc machine add [USER@]HOST[:PORT] [flags]
+```
+
+## Options
+
+```
+  -c, --context string     Name of the cluster context to add the machine to. (default is the current context)
+  -h, --help               help for add
+  -n, --name string        Assign a name to the machine.
+      --no-caddy           Don't deploy Caddy reverse proxy service to the machine.
+      --no-install         Skip installation of Docker, Uncloud daemon, and dependencies on the machine. Assumes they're already installed and running.
+      --public-ip string   Public IP address of the machine for ingress configuration. Use 'auto' for automatic detection, blank '' or 'none' to disable ingress on this machine, or specify an IP address. (default "auto")
+  -i, --ssh-key string     Path to SSH private key for remote login (if not already added to SSH agent). (default "~/.ssh/id_ed25519")
+      --version string     Version of the Uncloud daemon to install on the machine. (default "latest")
+```
+
+## Options inherited from parent commands
+
+```
+      --connect string          Connect to a remote cluster machine without using the Uncloud configuration file. [$UNCLOUD_CONNECT]
+                                Format: [ssh://]user@host[:port] or tcp://host:port
+      --uncloud-config string   Path to the Uncloud configuration file. [$UNCLOUD_CONFIG] (default "~/.config/uncloud/config.yaml")
+```
+
+## See also
+
+* [uc machine](uc_machine.md)	 - Manage machines in an Uncloud cluster.
+

website/docs/9-cli-reference/uc_machine_init.md

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+# uc machine init
+
+Initialise a new cluster with a remote machine as the first member.
+
+## Synopsis
+
+Initialise a new cluster by setting up a remote machine as the first member.
+This command creates a new context in your Uncloud config to manage the cluster.
+
+```
+uc machine init [USER@HOST:PORT] [flags]
+```
+
+## Examples
+
+```
+  # Initialise a new cluster with default settings.
+  uc machine init root@<your-server-ip>
+
+  # Initialise with a context name 'prod' in the Uncloud config (~/.config/uncloud/config.yaml) and machine name 'vps1'.
+  uc machine init root@<your-server-ip> -c prod -n vps1
+
+  # Initialise with a non-root user and custom SSH port and key.
+  uc machine init ubuntu@<your-server-ip>:2222 -i ~/.ssh/mykey
+
+  # Initialise without Caddy (no reverse proxy) and without an automatically managed domain name (xxxxxx.cluster.uncloud.run).
+  # You can deploy Caddy with 'uc caddy deploy' and reserve a domain with 'uc dns reserve' later.
+  uc machine init root@<your-server-ip> --no-caddy --no-dns
+```
+
+## Options
+
+```
+  -c, --context string        Name of the new context to be created for the initialised cluster in the Uncloud config. (default "default")
+      --dns-endpoint string   API endpoint for the Uncloud DNS service. (default "https://dns.uncloud.run/v1")
+  -h, --help                  help for init
+  -n, --name string           Assign a name to the machine.
+      --network string        IPv4 network CIDR to use for machines and services. (default "10.210.0.0/16")
+      --no-caddy              Don't deploy Caddy reverse proxy service to the machine. You can deploy it later with 'uc caddy deploy'.
+      --no-dns                Don't reserve a cluster domain in Uncloud DNS. You can reserve it later with 'uc dns reserve'.
+      --no-install            Skip installation of Docker, Uncloud daemon, and dependencies on the machine. Assumes they're already installed and running.
+      --public-ip string      Public IP address of the machine for ingress configuration. Use 'auto' for automatic detection, blank '' or 'none' to disable ingress on this machine, or specify an IP address. (default "auto")
+  -i, --ssh-key string        Path to SSH private key for remote login (if not already added to SSH agent). (default "~/.ssh/id_ed25519")
+      --version string        Version of the Uncloud daemon to install on the machine. (default "latest")
+```
+
+## Options inherited from parent commands
+
+```
+      --connect string          Connect to a remote cluster machine without using the Uncloud configuration file. [$UNCLOUD_CONNECT]
+                                Format: [ssh://]user@host[:port] or tcp://host:port
+      --uncloud-config string   Path to the Uncloud configuration file. [$UNCLOUD_CONFIG] (default "~/.config/uncloud/config.yaml")
+```
+
+## See also
+
+* [uc machine](uc_machine.md)	 - Manage machines in an Uncloud cluster.
+

website/docs/9-cli-reference/uc_machine_ls.md

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# uc machine ls
+
+List machines in a cluster.
+
+```
+uc machine ls [flags]
+```
+
+## Options
+
+```
+  -c, --context string   Name of the cluster context. (default is the current context)
+  -h, --help             help for ls
+```
+
+## Options inherited from parent commands
+
+```
+      --connect string          Connect to a remote cluster machine without using the Uncloud configuration file. [$UNCLOUD_CONNECT]
+                                Format: [ssh://]user@host[:port] or tcp://host:port
+      --uncloud-config string   Path to the Uncloud configuration file. [$UNCLOUD_CONFIG] (default "~/.config/uncloud/config.yaml")
+```
+
+## See also
+
+* [uc machine](uc_machine.md)	 - Manage machines in an Uncloud cluster.
+

website/docs/9-cli-reference/uc_machine_rename.md

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+# uc machine rename
+
+Rename a machine in the cluster.
+
+## Synopsis
+
+Rename a machine in the cluster.
+
+This command changes the name of an existing machine while preserving all other
+configuration including network settings, public IP, and cluster membership.
+
+```
+uc machine rename OLD_NAME NEW_NAME [flags]
+```
+
+## Options
+
+```
+  -c, --context string   Name of the cluster context. (default is the current context)
+  -h, --help             help for rename
+```
+
+## Options inherited from parent commands
+
+```
+      --connect string          Connect to a remote cluster machine without using the Uncloud configuration file. [$UNCLOUD_CONNECT]
+                                Format: [ssh://]user@host[:port] or tcp://host:port
+      --uncloud-config string   Path to the Uncloud configuration file. [$UNCLOUD_CONFIG] (default "~/.config/uncloud/config.yaml")
+```
+
+## See also
+
+* [uc machine](uc_machine.md)	 - Manage machines in an Uncloud cluster.
+

website/docs/9-cli-reference/uc_machine_rm.md

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+# uc machine rm
+
+Remove a machine from a cluster and reset it.
+
+```
+uc machine rm MACHINE [flags]
+```
+
+## Options
+
+```
+  -c, --context string   Name of the cluster context. (default is the current context)
+  -h, --help             help for rm
+      --no-reset         Do not reset the machine after removing it from the cluster. This will leave all containers and data intact.
+  -y, --yes              Do not prompt for confirmation before removing the machine.
+```
+
+## Options inherited from parent commands
+
+```
+      --connect string          Connect to a remote cluster machine without using the Uncloud configuration file. [$UNCLOUD_CONNECT]
+                                Format: [ssh://]user@host[:port] or tcp://host:port
+      --uncloud-config string   Path to the Uncloud configuration file. [$UNCLOUD_CONFIG] (default "~/.config/uncloud/config.yaml")
+```
+
+## See also
+
+* [uc machine](uc_machine.md)	 - Manage machines in an Uncloud cluster.
+

website/docs/9-cli-reference/uc_machine_token.md

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# uc machine token
+
+Print the local machine's token for adding it to a cluster.
+
+```
+uc machine token [flags]
+```
+
+## Options
+
+```
+  -d, --data-dir string   Directory for storing persistent machine state. (default "/var/lib/uncloud")
+  -h, --help              help for token
+```
+
+## Options inherited from parent commands
+
+```
+      --connect string          Connect to a remote cluster machine without using the Uncloud configuration file. [$UNCLOUD_CONNECT]
+                                Format: [ssh://]user@host[:port] or tcp://host:port
+      --uncloud-config string   Path to the Uncloud configuration file. [$UNCLOUD_CONFIG] (default "~/.config/uncloud/config.yaml")
+```
+
+## See also
+
+* [uc machine](uc_machine.md)	 - Manage machines in an Uncloud cluster.
+

website/docs/9-cli-reference/uc_machine_update.md

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+# uc machine update
+
+Update machine configuration in the cluster.
+
+## Synopsis
+
+Update machine configuration in the cluster.
+
+This command allows setting various machine properties including:
+- Machine name (--name)
+- Public IP address (--public-ip)
+
+At least one flag must be specified to perform an update operation.
+
+```
+uc machine update [flags]
+```
+
+## Options
+
+```
+  -c, --context string     Name of the cluster context. (default is the current context)
+  -h, --help               help for update
+      --name string        New name for the machine
+      --public-ip string   Public IP address of the machine for ingress configuration. Use 'none' or '' to remove the public IP.
+```
+
+## Options inherited from parent commands
+
+```
+      --connect string          Connect to a remote cluster machine without using the Uncloud configuration file. [$UNCLOUD_CONNECT]
+                                Format: [ssh://]user@host[:port] or tcp://host:port
+      --uncloud-config string   Path to the Uncloud configuration file. [$UNCLOUD_CONFIG] (default "~/.config/uncloud/config.yaml")
+```
+
+## See also
+
+* [uc machine](uc_machine.md)	 - Manage machines in an Uncloud cluster.
+

website/docs/9-cli-reference/uc_rm.md

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# uc rm
+
+Remove one or more services.
+
+```
+uc rm SERVICE [SERVICE...] [flags]
+```
+
+## Options
+
+```
+  -c, --context string   Name of the cluster context. (default is the current context)
+  -h, --help             help for rm
+```
+
+## Options inherited from parent commands
+
+```
+      --connect string          Connect to a remote cluster machine without using the Uncloud configuration file. [$UNCLOUD_CONNECT]
+                                Format: [ssh://]user@host[:port] or tcp://host:port
+      --uncloud-config string   Path to the Uncloud configuration file. [$UNCLOUD_CONFIG] (default "~/.config/uncloud/config.yaml")
+```
+
+## See also
+
+* [uc](uc.md)	 - A CLI tool for managing Uncloud resources such as machines, services, and volumes.
+

website/docs/9-cli-reference/uc_run.md

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+# uc run
+
+Run a service.
+
+```
+uc run IMAGE [COMMAND...] [flags]
+```
+
+## Options
+
+```
+      --caddyfile string    Path to a custom Caddy config (Caddyfile) for the service. Cannot be used together with non-@host published ports.
+  -c, --context string      Name of the cluster context to run the service in. (default is the current context)
+      --cpu decimal         Maximum number of CPU cores a service container can use. Fractional values are allowed: 0.5 for half a core or 2.25 for two and a quarter cores.
+      --entrypoint string   Overwrite the default ENTRYPOINT of the image. Pass an empty string "" to reset it.
+  -e, --env strings         Set an environment variable for service containers. Can be specified multiple times.
+                            Format: VAR=value or just VAR to use the value from the local environment.
+  -h, --help                help for run
+  -m, --machine strings     Placement constraint by machine names, limiting which machines the service can run on. Can be specified multiple times or as a comma-separated list of machine names. (default is any suitable machine)
+      --memory bytes        Maximum amount of memory a service container can use. Value is a positive integer with optional unit suffix (b, k, m, g). Default unit is bytes if no suffix specified.
+                            Examples: 1073741824, 1024m, 1g (all equal 1 gibibyte)
+      --mode string         Replication mode of the service: either 'replicated' (a specified number of containers across the machines) or 'global' (one container on every machine). (default "replicated")
+  -n, --name string         Assign a name to the service. A random name is generated if not specified.
+      --privileged          Give extended privileges to service containers. This is a security risk and should be used with caution.
+  -p, --publish strings     Publish a service port to make it accessible outside the cluster. Can be specified multiple times.
+                            Format: [hostname:]container_port[/protocol] or [host_ip:]host_port:container_port[/protocol]@host
+                            Supported protocols: tcp, udp, http, https (default is tcp). If a hostname for http(s) port is not specified
+                            and a cluster domain is reserved, service-name.cluster-domain will be used as the hostname.
+                            Examples:
+                              -p 8080/https                  Publish port 8080 as HTTPS via reverse proxy with default service-name.cluster-domain hostname
+                              -p app.example.com:8080/https  Publish port 8080 as HTTPS via reverse proxy with custom hostname
+                              -p 53:5353/udp@host            Bind UDP port 5353 to host port 53
+      --pull string         Pull image from the registry before running service containers ('always', 'missing', 'never'). (default "missing")
+      --replicas uint       Number of containers to run for the service. Only valid for a replicated service. (default 1)
+  -u, --user string         User name or UID and optionally group name or GID used for running the command inside service containers.
+                            Format: USER[:GROUP] or UID[:GID]. If not specified, the user is set to the default user of the image.
+  -v, --volume strings      Mount a data volume or host path into service containers. Service containers will be scheduled on the machine(s) where
+                            the volume is located. Can be specified multiple times.
+                            Format: volume_name:/container/path[:ro|volume-nocopy] or /host/path:/container/path[:ro]
+                            Examples:
+                              -v postgres-data:/var/lib/postgresql/data  Mount volume 'postgres-data' to /var/lib/postgresql/data in container
+                              -v /data/uploads:/app/uploads         	 Bind mount /data/uploads host directory to /app/uploads in container
+                              -v /host/path:/container/path:ro 		 Bind mount a host directory or file as read-only
+```
+
+## Options inherited from parent commands
+
+```
+      --connect string          Connect to a remote cluster machine without using the Uncloud configuration file. [$UNCLOUD_CONNECT]
+                                Format: [ssh://]user@host[:port] or tcp://host:port
+      --uncloud-config string   Path to the Uncloud configuration file. [$UNCLOUD_CONFIG] (default "~/.config/uncloud/config.yaml")
+```
+
+## See also
+
+* [uc](uc.md)	 - A CLI tool for managing Uncloud resources such as machines, services, and volumes.
+

website/docs/9-cli-reference/uc_scale.md

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+# uc scale
+
+Scale a replicated service by changing the number of replicas.
+
+## Synopsis
+
+Scale a replicated service by changing the number of replicas. Scaling down requires confirmation.
+
+```
+uc scale SERVICE REPLICAS [flags]
+```
+
+## Options
+
+```
+  -c, --context string   Name of the cluster context. (default is the current context)
+  -h, --help             help for scale
+```
+
+## Options inherited from parent commands
+
+```
+      --connect string          Connect to a remote cluster machine without using the Uncloud configuration file. [$UNCLOUD_CONNECT]
+                                Format: [ssh://]user@host[:port] or tcp://host:port
+      --uncloud-config string   Path to the Uncloud configuration file. [$UNCLOUD_CONFIG] (default "~/.config/uncloud/config.yaml")
+```
+
+## See also
+
+* [uc](uc.md)	 - A CLI tool for managing Uncloud resources such as machines, services, and volumes.
+

website/docs/9-cli-reference/uc_service.md

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# uc service
+
+Manage services in an Uncloud cluster.
+
+## Options
+
+```
+  -h, --help   help for service
+```
+
+## Options inherited from parent commands
+
+```
+      --connect string          Connect to a remote cluster machine without using the Uncloud configuration file. [$UNCLOUD_CONNECT]
+                                Format: [ssh://]user@host[:port] or tcp://host:port
+      --uncloud-config string   Path to the Uncloud configuration file. [$UNCLOUD_CONFIG] (default "~/.config/uncloud/config.yaml")
+```
+
+## See also
+
+* [uc](uc.md)	 - A CLI tool for managing Uncloud resources such as machines, services, and volumes.
+* [uc service inspect](uc_service_inspect.md)	 - Display detailed information on a service.
+* [uc service ls](uc_service_ls.md)	 - List services.
+* [uc service rm](uc_service_rm.md)	 - Remove one or more services.
+* [uc service run](uc_service_run.md)	 - Run a service.
+* [uc service scale](uc_service_scale.md)	 - Scale a replicated service by changing the number of replicas.
+

website/docs/9-cli-reference/uc_service_inspect.md

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# uc service inspect
+
+Display detailed information on a service.
+
+```
+uc service inspect SERVICE [flags]
+```
+
+## Options
+
+```
+  -c, --context string   Name of the cluster context. (default is the current context)
+  -h, --help             help for inspect
+```
+
+## Options inherited from parent commands
+
+```
+      --connect string          Connect to a remote cluster machine without using the Uncloud configuration file. [$UNCLOUD_CONNECT]
+                                Format: [ssh://]user@host[:port] or tcp://host:port
+      --uncloud-config string   Path to the Uncloud configuration file. [$UNCLOUD_CONFIG] (default "~/.config/uncloud/config.yaml")
+```
+
+## See also
+
+* [uc service](uc_service.md)	 - Manage services in an Uncloud cluster.
+

website/docs/9-cli-reference/uc_service_ls.md

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# uc service ls
+
+List services.
+
+```
+uc service ls [flags]
+```
+
+## Options
+
+```
+  -c, --context string   Name of the cluster context. (default is the current context)
+  -h, --help             help for ls
+```
+
+## Options inherited from parent commands
+
+```
+      --connect string          Connect to a remote cluster machine without using the Uncloud configuration file. [$UNCLOUD_CONNECT]
+                                Format: [ssh://]user@host[:port] or tcp://host:port
+      --uncloud-config string   Path to the Uncloud configuration file. [$UNCLOUD_CONFIG] (default "~/.config/uncloud/config.yaml")
+```
+
+## See also
+
+* [uc service](uc_service.md)	 - Manage services in an Uncloud cluster.
+

website/docs/9-cli-reference/uc_service_rm.md

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# uc service rm
+
+Remove one or more services.
+
+```
+uc service rm SERVICE [SERVICE...] [flags]
+```
+
+## Options
+
+```
+  -c, --context string   Name of the cluster context. (default is the current context)
+  -h, --help             help for rm
+```
+
+## Options inherited from parent commands
+
+```
+      --connect string          Connect to a remote cluster machine without using the Uncloud configuration file. [$UNCLOUD_CONNECT]
+                                Format: [ssh://]user@host[:port] or tcp://host:port
+      --uncloud-config string   Path to the Uncloud configuration file. [$UNCLOUD_CONFIG] (default "~/.config/uncloud/config.yaml")
+```
+
+## See also
+
+* [uc service](uc_service.md)	 - Manage services in an Uncloud cluster.
+

website/docs/9-cli-reference/uc_service_run.md

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+# uc service run
+
+Run a service.
+
+```
+uc service run IMAGE [COMMAND...] [flags]
+```
+
+## Options
+
+```
+      --caddyfile string    Path to a custom Caddy config (Caddyfile) for the service. Cannot be used together with non-@host published ports.
+  -c, --context string      Name of the cluster context to run the service in. (default is the current context)
+      --cpu decimal         Maximum number of CPU cores a service container can use. Fractional values are allowed: 0.5 for half a core or 2.25 for two and a quarter cores.
+      --entrypoint string   Overwrite the default ENTRYPOINT of the image. Pass an empty string "" to reset it.
+  -e, --env strings         Set an environment variable for service containers. Can be specified multiple times.
+                            Format: VAR=value or just VAR to use the value from the local environment.
+  -h, --help                help for run
+  -m, --machine strings     Placement constraint by machine names, limiting which machines the service can run on. Can be specified multiple times or as a comma-separated list of machine names. (default is any suitable machine)
+      --memory bytes        Maximum amount of memory a service container can use. Value is a positive integer with optional unit suffix (b, k, m, g). Default unit is bytes if no suffix specified.
+                            Examples: 1073741824, 1024m, 1g (all equal 1 gibibyte)
+      --mode string         Replication mode of the service: either 'replicated' (a specified number of containers across the machines) or 'global' (one container on every machine). (default "replicated")
+  -n, --name string         Assign a name to the service. A random name is generated if not specified.
+      --privileged          Give extended privileges to service containers. This is a security risk and should be used with caution.
+  -p, --publish strings     Publish a service port to make it accessible outside the cluster. Can be specified multiple times.
+                            Format: [hostname:]container_port[/protocol] or [host_ip:]host_port:container_port[/protocol]@host
+                            Supported protocols: tcp, udp, http, https (default is tcp). If a hostname for http(s) port is not specified
+                            and a cluster domain is reserved, service-name.cluster-domain will be used as the hostname.
+                            Examples:
+                              -p 8080/https                  Publish port 8080 as HTTPS via reverse proxy with default service-name.cluster-domain hostname
+                              -p app.example.com:8080/https  Publish port 8080 as HTTPS via reverse proxy with custom hostname
+                              -p 53:5353/udp@host            Bind UDP port 5353 to host port 53
+      --pull string         Pull image from the registry before running service containers ('always', 'missing', 'never'). (default "missing")
+      --replicas uint       Number of containers to run for the service. Only valid for a replicated service. (default 1)
+  -u, --user string         User name or UID and optionally group name or GID used for running the command inside service containers.
+                            Format: USER[:GROUP] or UID[:GID]. If not specified, the user is set to the default user of the image.
+  -v, --volume strings      Mount a data volume or host path into service containers. Service containers will be scheduled on the machine(s) where
+                            the volume is located. Can be specified multiple times.
+                            Format: volume_name:/container/path[:ro|volume-nocopy] or /host/path:/container/path[:ro]
+                            Examples:
+                              -v postgres-data:/var/lib/postgresql/data  Mount volume 'postgres-data' to /var/lib/postgresql/data in container
+                              -v /data/uploads:/app/uploads         	 Bind mount /data/uploads host directory to /app/uploads in container
+                              -v /host/path:/container/path:ro 		 Bind mount a host directory or file as read-only
+```
+
+## Options inherited from parent commands
+
+```
+      --connect string          Connect to a remote cluster machine without using the Uncloud configuration file. [$UNCLOUD_CONNECT]
+                                Format: [ssh://]user@host[:port] or tcp://host:port
+      --uncloud-config string   Path to the Uncloud configuration file. [$UNCLOUD_CONFIG] (default "~/.config/uncloud/config.yaml")
+```
+
+## See also
+
+* [uc service](uc_service.md)	 - Manage services in an Uncloud cluster.
+

website/docs/9-cli-reference/uc_service_scale.md

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+# uc service scale
+
+Scale a replicated service by changing the number of replicas.
+
+## Synopsis
+
+Scale a replicated service by changing the number of replicas. Scaling down requires confirmation.
+
+```
+uc service scale SERVICE REPLICAS [flags]
+```
+
+## Options
+
+```
+  -c, --context string   Name of the cluster context. (default is the current context)
+  -h, --help             help for scale
+```
+
+## Options inherited from parent commands
+
+```
+      --connect string          Connect to a remote cluster machine without using the Uncloud configuration file. [$UNCLOUD_CONNECT]
+                                Format: [ssh://]user@host[:port] or tcp://host:port
+      --uncloud-config string   Path to the Uncloud configuration file. [$UNCLOUD_CONFIG] (default "~/.config/uncloud/config.yaml")
+```
+
+## See also
+
+* [uc service](uc_service.md)	 - Manage services in an Uncloud cluster.
+

website/docs/9-cli-reference/uc_volume.md

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# uc volume
+
+Manage volumes in an Uncloud cluster.
+
+## Options
+
+```
+  -h, --help   help for volume
+```
+
+## Options inherited from parent commands
+
+```
+      --connect string          Connect to a remote cluster machine without using the Uncloud configuration file. [$UNCLOUD_CONNECT]
+                                Format: [ssh://]user@host[:port] or tcp://host:port
+      --uncloud-config string   Path to the Uncloud configuration file. [$UNCLOUD_CONFIG] (default "~/.config/uncloud/config.yaml")
+```
+
+## See also
+
+* [uc](uc.md)	 - A CLI tool for managing Uncloud resources such as machines, services, and volumes.
+* [uc volume create](uc_volume_create.md)	 - Create a volume on a specific machine.
+* [uc volume inspect](uc_volume_inspect.md)	 - Display detailed information on a volume.
+* [uc volume ls](uc_volume_ls.md)	 - List volumes across all machines in the cluster.
+* [uc volume rm](uc_volume_rm.md)	 - Remove one or more volumes.
+