fix(docs): remove corepack from docusaurus image build that is not available in latest Node

Co-authored-by: Miek Gieben <miek@miek.nl>

.editorconfig

@@ -18,3 +18,6 @@ indent_size = 4
 [*.sh]
 indent_style = space
 indent_size = 4
+
+[release-notes-*.md]
+max_line_length = off

.github/workflows/go-tests.yml

@@ -14,12 +14,13 @@ on:
       - "**.proto"
       - "go.*"
       - "Makefile"
+      - "mise.toml"
       - "scripts/**"
       - "test/**"
 permissions:
   contents: read
 env:
-  MISE_VERSION: "2026.3.7"
+  MISE_VERSION: "2026.10.22"
 jobs:
   test:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
@@ -42,9 +43,9 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Generate docs
         run: |
-          make cli-docs
+          mise run docs:cli
           git diff --exit-code ||
-            (echo "Documentation is out of date. Please run 'make cli-docs' and commit the changes." && exit 1)
+            (echo "Documentation is out of date. Please run 'mise run docs:cli' and commit the changes." && exit 1)
 
       - name: Run tests
         run: |
@@ -70,7 +71,7 @@ jobs:
           version: ${{ env.MISE_VERSION }}
 
       # TODO: figure out how to properly lock all platforms in the lockfile and remove this hack.
-      # `mise lock` (mise run mise:lock) doesn't generate checksums for some of the tools, e.g. protoc*
+      # `mise lock` doesn't generate checksums for some of the tools, e.g. protoc*
       - name: Reset changes in mise.lock after fresh mise install
         run: git checkout mise.lock
 

.github/workflows/lint.yml

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ on:
 permissions:
   contents: read
 env:
-  MISE_VERSION: "2026.3.7"
+  MISE_VERSION: "2026.10.22"
 jobs:
   lint:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
@@ -30,6 +30,6 @@ jobs:
         run: git checkout mise.lock
 
       - name: Lint
-        run: make lint
+        run: mise run lint
 
     timeout-minutes: 10

.github/workflows/nightly-build.yml

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ permissions:
   contents: write
 
 env:
-  MISE_VERSION: "2026.3.7"
+  MISE_VERSION: "2026.10.22"
 
 jobs:
   nightly:

.gitignore

@@ -44,3 +44,4 @@ node_modules/
 .devcontainer/
 
 .zed/
+research/

.mockery.yml

@@ -1,4 +1,10 @@
 packages:
+  github.com/docker/docker/client:
+    config:
+      dir: internal/machine/docker
+      pkgname: docker
+    interfaces:
+      APIClient:
   github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/machine/caddyconfig:
     interfaces:
       CaddyfileValidator:

AGENTS.md

@@ -98,33 +98,6 @@ management.
 
 - **`misc/`**: Design documents and guides
 
-## Key Technologies
-
-### Core Dependencies
-
-```go
-// Networking and orchestration
-github.com/docker/docker // Docker API client
-github.com/docker/compose/v2 // Docker Compose integration
-golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard // WireGuard implementation
-github.com/hashicorp/serf // Gossip protocol
-
-// State management
-github.com/ipfs/go-ds-crdt // CRDT distributed storage
-github.com/dgraph-io/badger/v3 // Embedded database
-
-// Web proxy
-github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2 // HTTP server and reverse proxy
-
-// CLI and UX
-github.com/spf13/cobra // CLI framework
-github.com/charmbracelet/huh // Interactive forms
-
-// gRPC and networking
-google.golang.org/grpc                     // gRPC framework
-github.com/siderolabs/grpc-proxy // gRPC proxy for forwarding
-```
-
 ## Development Workflow
 
 ### Build and Development
@@ -135,16 +108,18 @@ go build -o uc ./cmd/uc
 go build -o uncloudd ./cmd/uncloudd
 ```
 
-### Key Make Targets
+### Formatting and Linting
+
+- `mise run lint`: Check Go code and formatting without changing files
+- `mise run lint:fix`: Apply formatting and available lint fixes
+
+### Other Development Tasks
 
 - `proto`: Generate protobuf code
 - `ucind-cluster`: Create development cluster
 - `update-dev`: Deploy to development machines
 - `demo-reset`: Reset demo environment
-- `fmt`: Format code
 - `test`: Run all tests
-- `lint`: Lint the code using golangci-lint
-- `lint-and-fix`: Lint the code and fix issues whenever possible
 
 ## CLI Commands Structure
 

HACKING.md

@@ -35,10 +35,11 @@ Build the CLI:
 go build -o uc ./cmd/uc
 ```
 
-Or build and run the CLI with a single command:
+Or build and run the CLI with mise. It forwards arguments, including help flags, directly to the CLI:
 
 ```shell
-go run ./cmd/uc --help
+mise uc --help
+mise uc image rm -h
 ```
 
 The Uncloud daemon (`uncloudd`) only supports Linux, so you need to cross-compile it if you're developing on macOS or
@@ -99,10 +100,16 @@ mise run dev:reset user@host1 user@host2
 
 ## Linting and formatting
 
-Lint and format the code:
+Check the code and formatting without changing files:
 
 ```shell
-make lint-and-fix
+mise run lint
+```
+
+Apply formatting and available lint fixes:
+
+```shell
+mise run lint:fix
 ```
 
 ## Code generation
@@ -116,9 +123,31 @@ mise run proto
 Regenerate mocks:
 
 ```shell
-make mocks
+mise run mocks
 ```
 
+## Documentation
+
+Regenerate the CLI reference docs after changing commands or flags:
+
+```shell
+mise run docs:cli
+```
+
+To preview the documentation website, install its dependencies from the project root:
+
+```shell
+npm ci --prefix website
+```
+
+Then start the local development server:
+
+```shell
+mise run docs:dev
+```
+
+The server opens the site (http://localhost:3000/) in your browser and reloads it as you edit files in `website/`.
+
 ## Uncloud in Docker (UCinD)
 
 The [`ucind`](./cmd/ucind) CLI lets you run Uncloud clusters locally using Docker containers instead of real machines.

Makefile

@@ -21,10 +21,6 @@ corrosion-multiarch-image-push:
 ucind-multiarch-image-push:
 	docker buildx build --push --platform linux/amd64,linux/arm64 -t "$(UCIND_IMAGE)" --target ucind .
 
-.PHONY: mocks
-mocks:
-	@mockery
-
 .PHONY: test
 test:
 ifeq ($(TEST_NAME),)
@@ -51,25 +47,3 @@ test-clean:
 	else \
 		echo "Nothing to clean."; \
 	fi
-
-.PHONY: vet
-vet:
-	go vet ./...
-
-.PHONY: format fmt
-format fmt:
-	GOOS=linux golangci-lint fmt
-
-LINT_TARGETS := lint lint-and-fix
-.PHONY: $(LINT_TARGETS) _lint
-$(LINT_TARGETS): _lint
-lint: ARGS=
-lint-and-fix: ARGS=--fix
-_lint:
-# Explicitly set OS to Linux to not skip *_linux.go files when running on macOS.
-# Uncloud daemon won't likely support OS other than Linux anytime soon, so for now we can rely on that.
-	GOOS=linux golangci-lint run $(ARGS)
-
-.PHONY: cli-docs
-cli-docs:
-	go run ./cmd/uc docs

README.md

@@ -44,6 +44,8 @@ complexity of Kubernetes.
   [Uncloud DNS](https://github.com/psviderski/uncloud-dns) service.
 * **Automatic HTTPS**: Built-in Caddy reverse proxy handles TLS certificate provisioning and renewal using Let's
   Encrypt.
+* **Cluster storage for TLS certificates**: [Cluster storage](https://github.com/unlabs-dev/caddy-uncloud) for Caddy
+  shares certificates and ACME challenge tokens across machines and coordinates issuance.
 * **Docker-like CLI**: Familiar commands for managing both infrastructure and applications.
 * **Remote management**: Control your entire infrastructure through SSH access to any single machine in the cluster.
 

api/pb/caddy.pb.go

@@ -27,10 +27,12 @@ type GetCaddyConfigResponse struct {
 	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
 	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
 
-	// The generated Caddyfile content.
+	// The saved Caddyfile content.
 	Caddyfile string `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=caddyfile,proto3" json:"caddyfile,omitempty"`
 	// Timestamp when the config was last modified.
 	ModifiedAt *timestamppb.Timestamp `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=modified_at,json=modifiedAt,proto3" json:"modified_at,omitempty"`
+	// Error from the latest unsuccessful reconciliation attempt.
+	LastReconciliationError string `protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=last_reconciliation_error,json=lastReconciliationError,proto3" json:"last_reconciliation_error,omitempty"`
 }
 
 func (x *GetCaddyConfigResponse) Reset() {
@@ -79,6 +81,13 @@ func (x *GetCaddyConfigResponse) GetModifiedAt() *timestamppb.Timestamp {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (x *GetCaddyConfigResponse) GetLastReconciliationError() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.LastReconciliationError
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
 var File_api_pb_caddy_proto protoreflect.FileDescriptor
 
 var file_api_pb_caddy_proto_rawDesc = []byte{
@@ -87,22 +96,26 @@ var file_api_pb_caddy_proto_rawDesc = []byte{
 	0x65, 0x2f, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x62, 0x75, 0x66, 0x2f, 0x65, 0x6d, 0x70, 0x74, 0x79,
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+	0x6f, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x33,
 }
 
 var (

api/pb/caddy.proto

@@ -13,8 +13,10 @@ service Caddy {
 }
 
 message GetCaddyConfigResponse {
-  // The generated Caddyfile content.
+  // The saved Caddyfile content.
   string caddyfile = 1;
   // Timestamp when the config was last modified.
   google.protobuf.Timestamp modified_at = 2;
+  // Error from the latest unsuccessful reconciliation attempt.
+  string last_reconciliation_error = 3;
 }

api/pb/caddy_storage.pb.go

@@ -446,6 +446,120 @@ func (x *StatCaddyStorageResponse) GetIsTerminal() bool {
 	return false
 }
 
+type ListCertificatesResponse struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+
+	Certificates []*IssuedCertificate `protobuf:"bytes,1,rep,name=certificates,proto3" json:"certificates,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (x *ListCertificatesResponse) Reset() {
+	*x = ListCertificatesResponse{}
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
+		mi := &file_api_pb_caddy_storage_proto_msgTypes[8]
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+	}
+}
+
+func (x *ListCertificatesResponse) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*ListCertificatesResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *ListCertificatesResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_api_pb_caddy_storage_proto_msgTypes[8]
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use ListCertificatesResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*ListCertificatesResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_api_pb_caddy_storage_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{8}
+}
+
+func (x *ListCertificatesResponse) GetCertificates() []*IssuedCertificate {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Certificates
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+type IssuedCertificate struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+
+	// Subject Alternative Name (SAN) of the certificate. Caddy doesn't issue certificates with multiple SANs.
+	San string `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=san,proto3" json:"san,omitempty"`
+	// The PEM-encoding of DER-encoded ASN.1 data for the cert or chain, leaf first.
+	Chain []byte `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=chain,proto3" json:"chain,omitempty"`
+	// Any extra information associated with the certificate, usually provided by the issuer implementation.
+	// JSON-encoded, may be absent or null.
+	IssuerData []byte `protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=issuer_data,json=issuerData,proto3" json:"issuer_data,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (x *IssuedCertificate) Reset() {
+	*x = IssuedCertificate{}
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
+		mi := &file_api_pb_caddy_storage_proto_msgTypes[9]
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+	}
+}
+
+func (x *IssuedCertificate) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*IssuedCertificate) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *IssuedCertificate) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_api_pb_caddy_storage_proto_msgTypes[9]
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use IssuedCertificate.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*IssuedCertificate) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_api_pb_caddy_storage_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{9}
+}
+
+func (x *IssuedCertificate) GetSan() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.San
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *IssuedCertificate) GetChain() []byte {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Chain
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *IssuedCertificate) GetIssuerData() []byte {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.IssuerData
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 var File_api_pb_caddy_storage_proto protoreflect.FileDescriptor
 
 var file_api_pb_caddy_storage_proto_rawDesc = []byte{
@@ -492,32 +606,48 @@ var file_api_pb_caddy_storage_proto_rawDesc = []byte{
 	0x65, 0x64, 0x41, 0x74, 0x12, 0x12, 0x0a, 0x04, 0x73, 0x69, 0x7a, 0x65, 0x18, 0x03, 0x20, 0x01,
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-	0x2f, 0x70, 0x62, 0x62, 0x06, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x33,
 }
 
 var (
@@ -532,7 +662,7 @@ func file_api_pb_caddy_storage_proto_rawDescGZIP() []byte {
 	return file_api_pb_caddy_storage_proto_rawDescData
 }
 
-var file_api_pb_caddy_storage_proto_msgTypes = make([]protoimpl.MessageInfo, 8)
+var file_api_pb_caddy_storage_proto_msgTypes = make([]protoimpl.MessageInfo, 10)
 var file_api_pb_caddy_storage_proto_goTypes = []any{
 	(*StoreCaddyStorageRequest)(nil),  // 0: api.StoreCaddyStorageRequest
 	(*LoadCaddyStorageRequest)(nil),   // 1: api.LoadCaddyStorageRequest
@@ -542,27 +672,32 @@ var file_api_pb_caddy_storage_proto_goTypes = []any{
 	(*ListCaddyStorageResponse)(nil),  // 5: api.ListCaddyStorageResponse
 	(*StatCaddyStorageRequest)(nil),   // 6: api.StatCaddyStorageRequest
 	(*StatCaddyStorageResponse)(nil),  // 7: api.StatCaddyStorageResponse
-	(*timestamppb.Timestamp)(nil),     // 8: google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	(*ListCertificatesResponse)(nil),  // 8: api.ListCertificatesResponse
-	(*emptypb.Empty)(nil),             // 9: google.protobuf.Empty
+	(*IssuedCertificate)(nil),         // 9: api.IssuedCertificate
+	(*timestamppb.Timestamp)(nil),     // 10: google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	(*emptypb.Empty)(nil),             // 11: google.protobuf.Empty
 }
 var file_api_pb_caddy_storage_proto_depIdxs = []int32{
-	8, // 0: api.LoadCaddyStorageResponse.updated_at:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	10, // 0: api.LoadCaddyStorageResponse.updated_at:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
-	8, // 1: api.StatCaddyStorageResponse.updated_at:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	10, // 1: api.StatCaddyStorageResponse.updated_at:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
-	0, // 2: api.CaddyStorage.Store:input_type -> api.StoreCaddyStorageRequest
+	9,  // 2: api.ListCertificatesResponse.certificates:type_name -> api.IssuedCertificate
-	1, // 3: api.CaddyStorage.Load:input_type -> api.LoadCaddyStorageRequest
+	0,  // 3: api.CaddyStorage.Store:input_type -> api.StoreCaddyStorageRequest
-	3, // 4: api.CaddyStorage.Delete:input_type -> api.DeleteCaddyStorageRequest
+	1,  // 4: api.CaddyStorage.Load:input_type -> api.LoadCaddyStorageRequest
-	4, // 5: api.CaddyStorage.List:input_type -> api.ListCaddyStorageRequest
+	3,  // 5: api.CaddyStorage.Delete:input_type -> api.DeleteCaddyStorageRequest
-	6, // 6: api.CaddyStorage.Stat:input_type -> api.StatCaddyStorageRequest
+	4,  // 6: api.CaddyStorage.List:input_type -> api.ListCaddyStorageRequest
-	9, // 7: api.CaddyStorage.Store:output_type -> google.protobuf.Empty
+	6,  // 7: api.CaddyStorage.Stat:input_type -> api.StatCaddyStorageRequest
-	2, // 8: api.CaddyStorage.Load:output_type -> api.LoadCaddyStorageResponse
+	11, // 8: api.CaddyStorage.ListCertificates:input_type -> google.protobuf.Empty
-	9, // 9: api.CaddyStorage.Delete:output_type -> google.protobuf.Empty
+	11, // 9: api.CaddyStorage.Store:output_type -> google.protobuf.Empty
-	5, // 10: api.CaddyStorage.List:output_type -> api.ListCaddyStorageResponse
+	2,  // 10: api.CaddyStorage.Load:output_type -> api.LoadCaddyStorageResponse
-	7, // 11: api.CaddyStorage.Stat:output_type -> api.StatCaddyStorageResponse
+	11, // 11: api.CaddyStorage.Delete:output_type -> google.protobuf.Empty
-	7, // [7:12] is the sub-list for method output_type
+	5,  // 12: api.CaddyStorage.List:output_type -> api.ListCaddyStorageResponse
-	2, // [2:7] is the sub-list for method input_type
+	7,  // 13: api.CaddyStorage.Stat:output_type -> api.StatCaddyStorageResponse
-	2, // [2:2] is the sub-list for extension type_name
+	8,  // 14: api.CaddyStorage.ListCertificates:output_type -> api.ListCertificatesResponse
-	2, // [2:2] is the sub-list for extension extendee
+	9,  // [9:15] is the sub-list for method output_type
-	0, // [0:2] is the sub-list for field type_name
+	3,  // [3:9] is the sub-list for method input_type
+	3,  // [3:3] is the sub-list for extension type_name
+	3,  // [3:3] is the sub-list for extension extendee
+	0,  // [0:3] is the sub-list for field type_name
 }
 
 func init() { file_api_pb_caddy_storage_proto_init() }
@@ -667,6 +802,30 @@ func file_api_pb_caddy_storage_proto_init() {
 				return nil
 			}
 		}
+		file_api_pb_caddy_storage_proto_msgTypes[8].Exporter = func(v any, i int) any {
+			switch v := v.(*ListCertificatesResponse); i {
+			case 0:
+				return &v.state
+			case 1:
+				return &v.sizeCache
+			case 2:
+				return &v.unknownFields
+			default:
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+		file_api_pb_caddy_storage_proto_msgTypes[9].Exporter = func(v any, i int) any {
+			switch v := v.(*IssuedCertificate); i {
+			case 0:
+				return &v.state
+			case 1:
+				return &v.sizeCache
+			case 2:
+				return &v.unknownFields
+			default:
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
 	}
 	type x struct{}
 	out := protoimpl.TypeBuilder{
@@ -674,7 +833,7 @@ func file_api_pb_caddy_storage_proto_init() {
 			GoPackagePath: reflect.TypeOf(x{}).PkgPath(),
 			RawDescriptor: file_api_pb_caddy_storage_proto_rawDesc,
 			NumEnums:      0,
-			NumMessages:   8,
+			NumMessages:   10,
 			NumExtensions: 0,
 			NumServices:   1,
 		},

api/pb/caddy_storage.proto

@@ -18,6 +18,10 @@ service CaddyStorage {
   rpc Delete(DeleteCaddyStorageRequest) returns (google.protobuf.Empty);
   rpc List(ListCaddyStorageRequest) returns (ListCaddyStorageResponse);
   rpc Stat(StatCaddyStorageRequest) returns (StatCaddyStorageResponse);
+
+  // ListCertificates lists certificates issued by Caddy and stored in the cluster store.
+  // Unreadable entries and invalid resource metadata are skipped. Chains and issuer data are returned as stored.
+  rpc ListCertificates(google.protobuf.Empty) returns (ListCertificatesResponse);
 }
 
 message StoreCaddyStorageRequest {
@@ -57,3 +61,17 @@ message StatCaddyStorageResponse {
   int64 size = 3;
   bool is_terminal = 4;
 }
+
+message ListCertificatesResponse {
+  repeated IssuedCertificate certificates = 1;
+}
+
+message IssuedCertificate {
+  // Subject Alternative Name (SAN) of the certificate. Caddy doesn't issue certificates with multiple SANs.
+  string san = 1;
+  // The PEM-encoding of DER-encoded ASN.1 data for the cert or chain, leaf first.
+  bytes chain = 2;
+  // Any extra information associated with the certificate, usually provided by the issuer implementation.
+  // JSON-encoded, may be absent or null.
+  bytes issuer_data = 3;
+}

api/pb/caddy_storage_grpc.pb.go

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ const (
 	CaddyStorage_Delete_FullMethodName           = "/api.CaddyStorage/Delete"
 	CaddyStorage_List_FullMethodName             = "/api.CaddyStorage/List"
 	CaddyStorage_Stat_FullMethodName             = "/api.CaddyStorage/Stat"
+	CaddyStorage_ListCertificates_FullMethodName = "/api.CaddyStorage/ListCertificates"
 )
 
 // CaddyStorageClient is the client API for CaddyStorage service.
@@ -42,6 +43,9 @@ type CaddyStorageClient interface {
 	Delete(ctx context.Context, in *DeleteCaddyStorageRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*emptypb.Empty, error)
 	List(ctx context.Context, in *ListCaddyStorageRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*ListCaddyStorageResponse, error)
 	Stat(ctx context.Context, in *StatCaddyStorageRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*StatCaddyStorageResponse, error)
+	// ListCertificates lists certificates issued by Caddy and stored in the cluster store.
+	// Unreadable entries and invalid resource metadata are skipped. Chains and issuer data are returned as stored.
+	ListCertificates(ctx context.Context, in *emptypb.Empty, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*ListCertificatesResponse, error)
 }
 
 type caddyStorageClient struct {
@@ -102,6 +106,16 @@ func (c *caddyStorageClient) Stat(ctx context.Context, in *StatCaddyStorageReque
 	return out, nil
 }
 
+func (c *caddyStorageClient) ListCertificates(ctx context.Context, in *emptypb.Empty, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*ListCertificatesResponse, error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
+	out := new(ListCertificatesResponse)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, CaddyStorage_ListCertificates_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
 // CaddyStorageServer is the server API for CaddyStorage service.
 // All implementations must embed UnimplementedCaddyStorageServer
 // for forward compatibility.
@@ -117,6 +131,9 @@ type CaddyStorageServer interface {
 	Delete(context.Context, *DeleteCaddyStorageRequest) (*emptypb.Empty, error)
 	List(context.Context, *ListCaddyStorageRequest) (*ListCaddyStorageResponse, error)
 	Stat(context.Context, *StatCaddyStorageRequest) (*StatCaddyStorageResponse, error)
+	// ListCertificates lists certificates issued by Caddy and stored in the cluster store.
+	// Unreadable entries and invalid resource metadata are skipped. Chains and issuer data are returned as stored.
+	ListCertificates(context.Context, *emptypb.Empty) (*ListCertificatesResponse, error)
 	mustEmbedUnimplementedCaddyStorageServer()
 }
 
@@ -142,6 +159,9 @@ func (UnimplementedCaddyStorageServer) List(context.Context, *ListCaddyStorageRe
 func (UnimplementedCaddyStorageServer) Stat(context.Context, *StatCaddyStorageRequest) (*StatCaddyStorageResponse, error) {
 	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method Stat not implemented")
 }
+func (UnimplementedCaddyStorageServer) ListCertificates(context.Context, *emptypb.Empty) (*ListCertificatesResponse, error) {
+	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method ListCertificates not implemented")
+}
 func (UnimplementedCaddyStorageServer) mustEmbedUnimplementedCaddyStorageServer() {}
 func (UnimplementedCaddyStorageServer) testEmbeddedByValue()                      {}
 
@@ -253,6 +273,24 @@ func _CaddyStorage_Stat_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(i
 	return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)
 }
 
+func _CaddyStorage_ListCertificates_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(interface{}) error, interceptor grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {
+	in := new(emptypb.Empty)
+	if err := dec(in); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if interceptor == nil {
+		return srv.(CaddyStorageServer).ListCertificates(ctx, in)
+	}
+	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
+		Server:     srv,
+		FullMethod: CaddyStorage_ListCertificates_FullMethodName,
+	}
+	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+		return srv.(CaddyStorageServer).ListCertificates(ctx, req.(*emptypb.Empty))
+	}
+	return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)
+}
+
 // CaddyStorage_ServiceDesc is the grpc.ServiceDesc for CaddyStorage service.
 // It's only intended for direct use with grpc.RegisterService,
 // and not to be introspected or modified (even as a copy)
@@ -280,6 +318,10 @@ var CaddyStorage_ServiceDesc = grpc.ServiceDesc{
 			MethodName: "Stat",
 			Handler:    _CaddyStorage_Stat_Handler,
 		},
+		{
+			MethodName: "ListCertificates",
+			Handler:    _CaddyStorage_ListCertificates_Handler,
+		},
 	},
 	Streams:  []grpc.StreamDesc{},
 	Metadata: "api/pb/caddy_storage.proto",

api/pb/cluster.pb.go

@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ func (x DNSRecord_RecordType) Number() protoreflect.EnumNumber {
 
 // Deprecated: Use DNSRecord_RecordType.Descriptor instead.
 func (DNSRecord_RecordType) EnumDescriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_api_pb_cluster_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{9, 0}
+	return file_api_pb_cluster_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{10, 0}
 }
 
 type AddMachineRequest struct {
@@ -392,6 +392,9 @@ type Domain struct {
 	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
 
 	Name string `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=name,proto3" json:"name,omitempty"`
+	// Whether the domain is reserved in Uncloud DNS. Older daemons (<0.21) omit this field
+	// and only support reserved domains, so clients should treat absence as true.
+	Reserved *bool `protobuf:"varint,2,opt,name=reserved,proto3,oneof" json:"reserved,omitempty"`
 }
 
 func (x *Domain) Reset() {
@@ -433,6 +436,13 @@ func (x *Domain) GetName() string {
 	return ""
 }
 
+func (x *Domain) GetReserved() bool {
+	if x != nil && x.Reserved != nil {
+		return *x.Reserved
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
 type ReserveDomainRequest struct {
 	state         protoimpl.MessageState
 	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
@@ -480,6 +490,54 @@ func (x *ReserveDomainRequest) GetEndpoint() string {
 	return ""
 }
 
+type SetDomainRequest struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+
+	// An externally managed domain name. Empty clears a manually set domain.
+	Name string `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=name,proto3" json:"name,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (x *SetDomainRequest) Reset() {
+	*x = SetDomainRequest{}
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
+		mi := &file_api_pb_cluster_proto_msgTypes[7]
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+	}
+}
+
+func (x *SetDomainRequest) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*SetDomainRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *SetDomainRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_api_pb_cluster_proto_msgTypes[7]
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use SetDomainRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*SetDomainRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_api_pb_cluster_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{7}
+}
+
+func (x *SetDomainRequest) GetName() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Name
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
 type CreateDomainRecordsRequest struct {
 	state         protoimpl.MessageState
 	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
@@ -491,7 +549,7 @@ type CreateDomainRecordsRequest struct {
 func (x *CreateDomainRecordsRequest) Reset() {
 	*x = CreateDomainRecordsRequest{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_api_pb_cluster_proto_msgTypes[7]
+		mi := &file_api_pb_cluster_proto_msgTypes[8]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -504,7 +562,7 @@ func (x *CreateDomainRecordsRequest) String() string {
 func (*CreateDomainRecordsRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *CreateDomainRecordsRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_api_pb_cluster_proto_msgTypes[7]
+	mi := &file_api_pb_cluster_proto_msgTypes[8]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -517,7 +575,7 @@ func (x *CreateDomainRecordsRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use CreateDomainRecordsRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*CreateDomainRecordsRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_api_pb_cluster_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{7}
+	return file_api_pb_cluster_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{8}
 }
 
 func (x *CreateDomainRecordsRequest) GetRecords() []*DNSRecord {
@@ -538,7 +596,7 @@ type CreateDomainRecordsResponse struct {
 func (x *CreateDomainRecordsResponse) Reset() {
 	*x = CreateDomainRecordsResponse{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_api_pb_cluster_proto_msgTypes[8]
+		mi := &file_api_pb_cluster_proto_msgTypes[9]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -551,7 +609,7 @@ func (x *CreateDomainRecordsResponse) String() string {
 func (*CreateDomainRecordsResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *CreateDomainRecordsResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_api_pb_cluster_proto_msgTypes[8]
+	mi := &file_api_pb_cluster_proto_msgTypes[9]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -564,7 +622,7 @@ func (x *CreateDomainRecordsResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use CreateDomainRecordsResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*CreateDomainRecordsResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_api_pb_cluster_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{8}
+	return file_api_pb_cluster_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{9}
 }
 
 func (x *CreateDomainRecordsResponse) GetRecords() []*DNSRecord {
@@ -587,7 +645,7 @@ type DNSRecord struct {
 func (x *DNSRecord) Reset() {
 	*x = DNSRecord{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_api_pb_cluster_proto_msgTypes[9]
+		mi := &file_api_pb_cluster_proto_msgTypes[10]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -600,7 +658,7 @@ func (x *DNSRecord) String() string {
 func (*DNSRecord) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *DNSRecord) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_api_pb_cluster_proto_msgTypes[9]
+	mi := &file_api_pb_cluster_proto_msgTypes[10]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -613,7 +671,7 @@ func (x *DNSRecord) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use DNSRecord.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*DNSRecord) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_api_pb_cluster_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{9}
+	return file_api_pb_cluster_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{10}
 }
 
 func (x *DNSRecord) GetName() string {
@@ -676,63 +734,72 @@ var file_api_pb_cluster_proto_rawDesc = []byte{
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+	0x6f, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x33,
-	0x1a, 0x20, 0x2e, 0x61, 0x70, 0x69, 0x2e, 0x43, 0x72, 0x65, 0x61, 0x74, 0x65, 0x44, 0x6f, 0x6d,
-	0x61, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x52, 0x65, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x64, 0x73, 0x52, 0x65, 0x73, 0x70, 0x6f, 0x6e,
-	0x73, 0x65, 0x42, 0x26, 0x5a, 0x24, 0x67, 0x69, 0x74, 0x68, 0x75, 0x62, 0x2e, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6d,
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-	0x6f, 0x75, 0x64, 0x2f, 0x61, 0x70, 0x69, 0x2f, 0x70, 0x62, 0x62, 0x06, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x74,
-	0x6f, 0x33,
 }
 
 var (
@@ -748,7 +815,7 @@ func file_api_pb_cluster_proto_rawDescGZIP() []byte {
 }
 
 var file_api_pb_cluster_proto_enumTypes = make([]protoimpl.EnumInfo, 2)
-var file_api_pb_cluster_proto_msgTypes = make([]protoimpl.MessageInfo, 10)
+var file_api_pb_cluster_proto_msgTypes = make([]protoimpl.MessageInfo, 11)
 var file_api_pb_cluster_proto_goTypes = []any{
 	(MachineMember_MembershipState)(0),  // 0: api.MachineMember.MembershipState
 	(DNSRecord_RecordType)(0),           // 1: api.DNSRecord.RecordType
@@ -759,40 +826,43 @@ var file_api_pb_cluster_proto_goTypes = []any{
 	(*RemoveMachineRequest)(nil),        // 6: api.RemoveMachineRequest
 	(*Domain)(nil),                      // 7: api.Domain
 	(*ReserveDomainRequest)(nil),        // 8: api.ReserveDomainRequest
-	(*CreateDomainRecordsRequest)(nil),  // 9: api.CreateDomainRecordsRequest
+	(*SetDomainRequest)(nil),            // 9: api.SetDomainRequest
-	(*CreateDomainRecordsResponse)(nil), // 10: api.CreateDomainRecordsResponse
+	(*CreateDomainRecordsRequest)(nil),  // 10: api.CreateDomainRecordsRequest
-	(*DNSRecord)(nil),                   // 11: api.DNSRecord
+	(*CreateDomainRecordsResponse)(nil), // 11: api.CreateDomainRecordsResponse
-	(*NetworkConfig)(nil),               // 12: api.NetworkConfig
+	(*DNSRecord)(nil),                   // 12: api.DNSRecord
-	(*IP)(nil),                          // 13: api.IP
+	(*NetworkConfig)(nil),               // 13: api.NetworkConfig
-	(*MachineInfo)(nil),                 // 14: api.MachineInfo
+	(*IP)(nil),                          // 14: api.IP
-	(*emptypb.Empty)(nil),               // 15: google.protobuf.Empty
+	(*MachineInfo)(nil),                 // 15: api.MachineInfo
+	(*emptypb.Empty)(nil),               // 16: google.protobuf.Empty
 }
 var file_api_pb_cluster_proto_depIdxs = []int32{
-	12, // 0: api.AddMachineRequest.network:type_name -> api.NetworkConfig
+	13, // 0: api.AddMachineRequest.network:type_name -> api.NetworkConfig
-	13, // 1: api.AddMachineRequest.public_ip:type_name -> api.IP
+	14, // 1: api.AddMachineRequest.public_ip:type_name -> api.IP
-	14, // 2: api.AddMachineResponse.machine:type_name -> api.MachineInfo
+	15, // 2: api.AddMachineResponse.machine:type_name -> api.MachineInfo
-	14, // 3: api.MachineMember.machine:type_name -> api.MachineInfo
+	15, // 3: api.MachineMember.machine:type_name -> api.MachineInfo
 	0,  // 4: api.MachineMember.state:type_name -> api.MachineMember.MembershipState
 	4,  // 5: api.ListMachinesResponse.machines:type_name -> api.MachineMember
-	11, // 6: api.CreateDomainRecordsRequest.records:type_name -> api.DNSRecord
+	12, // 6: api.CreateDomainRecordsRequest.records:type_name -> api.DNSRecord
-	11, // 7: api.CreateDomainRecordsResponse.records:type_name -> api.DNSRecord
+	12, // 7: api.CreateDomainRecordsResponse.records:type_name -> api.DNSRecord
 	1,  // 8: api.DNSRecord.type:type_name -> api.DNSRecord.RecordType
 	2,  // 9: api.Cluster.AddMachine:input_type -> api.AddMachineRequest
-	15, // 10: api.Cluster.ListMachines:input_type -> google.protobuf.Empty
+	16, // 10: api.Cluster.ListMachines:input_type -> google.protobuf.Empty
 	6,  // 11: api.Cluster.RemoveMachine:input_type -> api.RemoveMachineRequest
 	8,  // 12: api.Cluster.ReserveDomain:input_type -> api.ReserveDomainRequest
-	15, // 13: api.Cluster.GetDomain:input_type -> google.protobuf.Empty
+	9,  // 13: api.Cluster.SetDomain:input_type -> api.SetDomainRequest
-	15, // 14: api.Cluster.ReleaseDomain:input_type -> google.protobuf.Empty
+	16, // 14: api.Cluster.GetDomain:input_type -> google.protobuf.Empty
-	9,  // 15: api.Cluster.CreateDomainRecords:input_type -> api.CreateDomainRecordsRequest
+	16, // 15: api.Cluster.ReleaseDomain:input_type -> google.protobuf.Empty
-	3,  // 16: api.Cluster.AddMachine:output_type -> api.AddMachineResponse
+	10, // 16: api.Cluster.CreateDomainRecords:input_type -> api.CreateDomainRecordsRequest
-	5,  // 17: api.Cluster.ListMachines:output_type -> api.ListMachinesResponse
+	3,  // 17: api.Cluster.AddMachine:output_type -> api.AddMachineResponse
-	15, // 18: api.Cluster.RemoveMachine:output_type -> google.protobuf.Empty
+	5,  // 18: api.Cluster.ListMachines:output_type -> api.ListMachinesResponse
-	7,  // 19: api.Cluster.ReserveDomain:output_type -> api.Domain
+	16, // 19: api.Cluster.RemoveMachine:output_type -> google.protobuf.Empty
-	7,  // 20: api.Cluster.GetDomain:output_type -> api.Domain
+	7,  // 20: api.Cluster.ReserveDomain:output_type -> api.Domain
-	7,  // 21: api.Cluster.ReleaseDomain:output_type -> api.Domain
+	16, // 21: api.Cluster.SetDomain:output_type -> google.protobuf.Empty
-	10, // 22: api.Cluster.CreateDomainRecords:output_type -> api.CreateDomainRecordsResponse
+	7,  // 22: api.Cluster.GetDomain:output_type -> api.Domain
-	16, // [16:23] is the sub-list for method output_type
+	7,  // 23: api.Cluster.ReleaseDomain:output_type -> api.Domain
-	9,  // [9:16] is the sub-list for method input_type
+	11, // 24: api.Cluster.CreateDomainRecords:output_type -> api.CreateDomainRecordsResponse
+	17, // [17:25] is the sub-list for method output_type
+	9,  // [9:17] is the sub-list for method input_type
 	9,  // [9:9] is the sub-list for extension type_name
 	9,  // [9:9] is the sub-list for extension extendee
 	0,  // [0:9] is the sub-list for field type_name
@@ -891,7 +961,7 @@ func file_api_pb_cluster_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_api_pb_cluster_proto_msgTypes[7].Exporter = func(v any, i int) any {
-			switch v := v.(*CreateDomainRecordsRequest); i {
+			switch v := v.(*SetDomainRequest); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -903,7 +973,7 @@ func file_api_pb_cluster_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_api_pb_cluster_proto_msgTypes[8].Exporter = func(v any, i int) any {
-			switch v := v.(*CreateDomainRecordsResponse); i {
+			switch v := v.(*CreateDomainRecordsRequest); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -915,6 +985,18 @@ func file_api_pb_cluster_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_api_pb_cluster_proto_msgTypes[9].Exporter = func(v any, i int) any {
+			switch v := v.(*CreateDomainRecordsResponse); i {
+			case 0:
+				return &v.state
+			case 1:
+				return &v.sizeCache
+			case 2:
+				return &v.unknownFields
+			default:
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+		file_api_pb_cluster_proto_msgTypes[10].Exporter = func(v any, i int) any {
 			switch v := v.(*DNSRecord); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
@@ -927,13 +1009,14 @@ func file_api_pb_cluster_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 	}
+	file_api_pb_cluster_proto_msgTypes[5].OneofWrappers = []any{}
 	type x struct{}
 	out := protoimpl.TypeBuilder{
 		File: protoimpl.DescBuilder{
 			GoPackagePath: reflect.TypeOf(x{}).PkgPath(),
 			RawDescriptor: file_api_pb_cluster_proto_rawDesc,
 			NumEnums:      2,
-			NumMessages:   10,
+			NumMessages:   11,
 			NumExtensions: 0,
 			NumServices:   1,
 		},

api/pb/cluster.proto

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ service Cluster {
   rpc RemoveMachine(RemoveMachineRequest) returns (google.protobuf.Empty);
 
   rpc ReserveDomain(ReserveDomainRequest) returns (Domain);
+  rpc SetDomain(SetDomainRequest) returns (google.protobuf.Empty);
   rpc GetDomain(google.protobuf.Empty) returns (Domain);
   rpc ReleaseDomain(google.protobuf.Empty) returns (Domain);
   rpc CreateDomainRecords(CreateDomainRecordsRequest) returns (CreateDomainRecordsResponse);
@@ -56,12 +57,20 @@ message RemoveMachineRequest {
 
 message Domain {
   string name = 1;
+  // Whether the domain is reserved in Uncloud DNS. Older daemons (<0.21) omit this field
+  // and only support reserved domains, so clients should treat absence as true.
+  optional bool reserved = 2;
 }
 
 message ReserveDomainRequest {
   string endpoint = 1;
 }
 
+message SetDomainRequest {
+  // An externally managed domain name. Empty clears a manually set domain.
+  string name = 1;
+}
+
 message CreateDomainRecordsRequest {
   repeated DNSRecord records = 1;
 }

api/pb/cluster_grpc.pb.go

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ const (
 	Cluster_ListMachines_FullMethodName        = "/api.Cluster/ListMachines"
 	Cluster_RemoveMachine_FullMethodName       = "/api.Cluster/RemoveMachine"
 	Cluster_ReserveDomain_FullMethodName       = "/api.Cluster/ReserveDomain"
+	Cluster_SetDomain_FullMethodName           = "/api.Cluster/SetDomain"
 	Cluster_GetDomain_FullMethodName           = "/api.Cluster/GetDomain"
 	Cluster_ReleaseDomain_FullMethodName       = "/api.Cluster/ReleaseDomain"
 	Cluster_CreateDomainRecords_FullMethodName = "/api.Cluster/CreateDomainRecords"
@@ -37,6 +38,7 @@ type ClusterClient interface {
 	ListMachines(ctx context.Context, in *emptypb.Empty, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*ListMachinesResponse, error)
 	RemoveMachine(ctx context.Context, in *RemoveMachineRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*emptypb.Empty, error)
 	ReserveDomain(ctx context.Context, in *ReserveDomainRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*Domain, error)
+	SetDomain(ctx context.Context, in *SetDomainRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*emptypb.Empty, error)
 	GetDomain(ctx context.Context, in *emptypb.Empty, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*Domain, error)
 	ReleaseDomain(ctx context.Context, in *emptypb.Empty, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*Domain, error)
 	CreateDomainRecords(ctx context.Context, in *CreateDomainRecordsRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*CreateDomainRecordsResponse, error)
@@ -90,6 +92,16 @@ func (c *clusterClient) ReserveDomain(ctx context.Context, in *ReserveDomainRequ
 	return out, nil
 }
 
+func (c *clusterClient) SetDomain(ctx context.Context, in *SetDomainRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*emptypb.Empty, error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
+	out := new(emptypb.Empty)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, Cluster_SetDomain_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
 func (c *clusterClient) GetDomain(ctx context.Context, in *emptypb.Empty, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*Domain, error) {
 	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
 	out := new(Domain)
@@ -128,6 +140,7 @@ type ClusterServer interface {
 	ListMachines(context.Context, *emptypb.Empty) (*ListMachinesResponse, error)
 	RemoveMachine(context.Context, *RemoveMachineRequest) (*emptypb.Empty, error)
 	ReserveDomain(context.Context, *ReserveDomainRequest) (*Domain, error)
+	SetDomain(context.Context, *SetDomainRequest) (*emptypb.Empty, error)
 	GetDomain(context.Context, *emptypb.Empty) (*Domain, error)
 	ReleaseDomain(context.Context, *emptypb.Empty) (*Domain, error)
 	CreateDomainRecords(context.Context, *CreateDomainRecordsRequest) (*CreateDomainRecordsResponse, error)
@@ -153,6 +166,9 @@ func (UnimplementedClusterServer) RemoveMachine(context.Context, *RemoveMachineR
 func (UnimplementedClusterServer) ReserveDomain(context.Context, *ReserveDomainRequest) (*Domain, error) {
 	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method ReserveDomain not implemented")
 }
+func (UnimplementedClusterServer) SetDomain(context.Context, *SetDomainRequest) (*emptypb.Empty, error) {
+	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method SetDomain not implemented")
+}
 func (UnimplementedClusterServer) GetDomain(context.Context, *emptypb.Empty) (*Domain, error) {
 	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method GetDomain not implemented")
 }
@@ -255,6 +271,24 @@ func _Cluster_ReserveDomain_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec fu
 	return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)
 }
 
+func _Cluster_SetDomain_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(interface{}) error, interceptor grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {
+	in := new(SetDomainRequest)
+	if err := dec(in); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if interceptor == nil {
+		return srv.(ClusterServer).SetDomain(ctx, in)
+	}
+	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
+		Server:     srv,
+		FullMethod: Cluster_SetDomain_FullMethodName,
+	}
+	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+		return srv.(ClusterServer).SetDomain(ctx, req.(*SetDomainRequest))
+	}
+	return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)
+}
+
 func _Cluster_GetDomain_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(interface{}) error, interceptor grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {
 	in := new(emptypb.Empty)
 	if err := dec(in); err != nil {
@@ -332,6 +366,10 @@ var Cluster_ServiceDesc = grpc.ServiceDesc{
 			MethodName: "ReserveDomain",
 			Handler:    _Cluster_ReserveDomain_Handler,
 		},
+		{
+			MethodName: "SetDomain",
+			Handler:    _Cluster_SetDomain_Handler,
+		},
 		{
 			MethodName: "GetDomain",
 			Handler:    _Cluster_GetDomain_Handler,

api/pb/common.go

@@ -4,8 +4,16 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/netip"
+
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/status"
 )
 
+// Err returns the upstream error, preserving its gRPC status code.
+// It returns nil for nil metadata or an absent or successful status.
+func (m *Metadata) Err() error {
+	return status.ErrorProto(m.GetStatus())
+}
+
 func NewIP(addr netip.Addr) *IP {
 	// MarshalBinary always returns a nil error.
 	ip, _ := addr.MarshalBinary()

api/pb/common.pb.go

@@ -87,7 +87,8 @@ type Metadata struct {
 	MachineName string `protobuf:"bytes,5,opt,name=machine_name,json=machineName,proto3" json:"machine_name,omitempty"`
 	// Address of the machine the response came from.
 	MachineAddr string `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=machine_addr,json=machineAddr,proto3" json:"machine_addr,omitempty"`
-	// error is set if the request to upstream failed. The rest of the response is undefined.
+	// error is set if the request to upstream failed. The rest of the response apart from this metadata message
+	// is undefined.
 	Error string `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=error,proto3" json:"error,omitempty"`
 	// error as a gRPC Status message.
 	Status *status.Status `protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=status,proto3" json:"status,omitempty"`

api/pb/common.proto

@@ -18,7 +18,8 @@ message Metadata {
   // Address of the machine the response came from.
   string machine_addr = 1;
 
-  // error is set if the request to upstream failed. The rest of the response is undefined.
+  // error is set if the request to upstream failed. The rest of the response apart from this metadata message
+  // is undefined.
   string error = 2;
   // error as a gRPC Status message.
   google.rpc.Status status = 3;

api/pb/docker.proto

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ service Docker {
   // Docker auth credentials if necessary.
   rpc InspectRemoteImage(InspectRemoteImageRequest) returns (InspectRemoteImageResponse);
   rpc ListImages(ListImagesRequest) returns (ListImagesResponse);
+  rpc RemoveImage(RemoveImageRequest) returns (RemoveImageResponse);
 
   rpc CreateVolume(CreateVolumeRequest) returns (CreateVolumeResponse);
   rpc ListVolumes(ListVolumesRequest) returns (ListVolumesResponse);
@@ -31,6 +32,8 @@ service Docker {
 
   rpc CreateServiceContainer(CreateServiceContainerRequest) returns (CreateContainerResponse);
   rpc InspectServiceContainer(InspectContainerRequest) returns (ServiceContainer);
+  // UpdateServiceContainer updates the requested properties of a service container in place without recreating it.
+  rpc UpdateServiceContainer(UpdateServiceContainerRequest) returns (google.protobuf.Empty);
   rpc ListServiceContainers(ListServiceContainersRequest) returns (ListServiceContainersResponse);
   rpc RemoveServiceContainer(RemoveContainerRequest) returns (google.protobuf.Empty);
 }
@@ -179,6 +182,40 @@ message ListImagesRequest {
   bytes options = 1;
 }
 
+message RemoveImageRequest {
+  string id = 1;
+  bool force = 2;
+  bool prune_children = 3;
+  repeated ImagePlatform platforms = 4;
+}
+
+// ImagePlatform describes an OCI image platform.
+message ImagePlatform {
+  string architecture = 1;
+  string os = 2;
+  string os_version = 3;
+  repeated string os_features = 4;
+  string variant = 5;
+}
+
+message RemoveImageResponse {
+  // Must contain only one repeated messages field to allow broadcasting RemoveImage requests to multiple machines.
+  repeated MachineImageRemoval messages = 1;
+}
+
+message MachineImageRemoval {
+  Metadata metadata = 1;
+  repeated ImageRemoval results = 2;
+}
+
+// ImageRemoval reports an image deletion or an untagged image reference.
+message ImageRemoval {
+  // The image ID of an image that was deleted.
+  string deleted = 1;
+  // The image reference of an image that was untagged.
+  string untagged = 2;
+}
+
 message ListImagesResponse {
   // Must contain only one repeated messages field to allow broadcasting ListImages requests to multiple machines.
   repeated MachineImages messages = 1;
@@ -246,6 +283,23 @@ message ServiceContainer {
   bytes service_spec = 2;
 }
 
+message UpdateServiceContainerRequest {
+  string id = 1;
+  // Fields that are not set are left unchanged. CPU and memory limits can be changed but not removed.
+  // CPU limit in nanocores.
+  optional int64 cpu = 2;
+  // Memory limit in bytes.
+  optional int64 memory = 3;
+  // Memory reservation in bytes.
+  optional int64 memory_reservation = 4;
+  // Service labels that replace all current service labels.
+  Labels service_labels = 5;
+}
+
+message Labels {
+  map<string, string> labels = 1;
+}
+
 message ListServiceContainersRequest {
   string service_id = 1;
   // JSON serialised container.ListOptions.

api/pb/docker_grpc.pb.go

@@ -32,11 +32,13 @@ const (
 	Docker_InspectImage_FullMethodName            = "/api.Docker/InspectImage"
 	Docker_InspectRemoteImage_FullMethodName      = "/api.Docker/InspectRemoteImage"
 	Docker_ListImages_FullMethodName              = "/api.Docker/ListImages"
+	Docker_RemoveImage_FullMethodName             = "/api.Docker/RemoveImage"
 	Docker_CreateVolume_FullMethodName            = "/api.Docker/CreateVolume"
 	Docker_ListVolumes_FullMethodName             = "/api.Docker/ListVolumes"
 	Docker_RemoveVolume_FullMethodName            = "/api.Docker/RemoveVolume"
 	Docker_CreateServiceContainer_FullMethodName  = "/api.Docker/CreateServiceContainer"
 	Docker_InspectServiceContainer_FullMethodName = "/api.Docker/InspectServiceContainer"
+	Docker_UpdateServiceContainer_FullMethodName  = "/api.Docker/UpdateServiceContainer"
 	Docker_ListServiceContainers_FullMethodName   = "/api.Docker/ListServiceContainers"
 	Docker_RemoveServiceContainer_FullMethodName  = "/api.Docker/RemoveServiceContainer"
 )
@@ -59,11 +61,14 @@ type DockerClient interface {
 	// Docker auth credentials if necessary.
 	InspectRemoteImage(ctx context.Context, in *InspectRemoteImageRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*InspectRemoteImageResponse, error)
 	ListImages(ctx context.Context, in *ListImagesRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*ListImagesResponse, error)
+	RemoveImage(ctx context.Context, in *RemoveImageRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*RemoveImageResponse, error)
 	CreateVolume(ctx context.Context, in *CreateVolumeRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*CreateVolumeResponse, error)
 	ListVolumes(ctx context.Context, in *ListVolumesRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*ListVolumesResponse, error)
 	RemoveVolume(ctx context.Context, in *RemoveVolumeRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*emptypb.Empty, error)
 	CreateServiceContainer(ctx context.Context, in *CreateServiceContainerRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*CreateContainerResponse, error)
 	InspectServiceContainer(ctx context.Context, in *InspectContainerRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*ServiceContainer, error)
+	// UpdateServiceContainer updates the requested properties of a service container in place without recreating it.
+	UpdateServiceContainer(ctx context.Context, in *UpdateServiceContainerRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*emptypb.Empty, error)
 	ListServiceContainers(ctx context.Context, in *ListServiceContainersRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*ListServiceContainersResponse, error)
 	RemoveServiceContainer(ctx context.Context, in *RemoveContainerRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*emptypb.Empty, error)
 }
@@ -217,6 +222,16 @@ func (c *dockerClient) ListImages(ctx context.Context, in *ListImagesRequest, op
 	return out, nil
 }
 
+func (c *dockerClient) RemoveImage(ctx context.Context, in *RemoveImageRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*RemoveImageResponse, error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
+	out := new(RemoveImageResponse)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, Docker_RemoveImage_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
 func (c *dockerClient) CreateVolume(ctx context.Context, in *CreateVolumeRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*CreateVolumeResponse, error) {
 	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
 	out := new(CreateVolumeResponse)
@@ -267,6 +282,16 @@ func (c *dockerClient) InspectServiceContainer(ctx context.Context, in *InspectC
 	return out, nil
 }
 
+func (c *dockerClient) UpdateServiceContainer(ctx context.Context, in *UpdateServiceContainerRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*emptypb.Empty, error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
+	out := new(emptypb.Empty)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, Docker_UpdateServiceContainer_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
 func (c *dockerClient) ListServiceContainers(ctx context.Context, in *ListServiceContainersRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*ListServiceContainersResponse, error) {
 	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
 	out := new(ListServiceContainersResponse)
@@ -305,11 +330,14 @@ type DockerServer interface {
 	// Docker auth credentials if necessary.
 	InspectRemoteImage(context.Context, *InspectRemoteImageRequest) (*InspectRemoteImageResponse, error)
 	ListImages(context.Context, *ListImagesRequest) (*ListImagesResponse, error)
+	RemoveImage(context.Context, *RemoveImageRequest) (*RemoveImageResponse, error)
 	CreateVolume(context.Context, *CreateVolumeRequest) (*CreateVolumeResponse, error)
 	ListVolumes(context.Context, *ListVolumesRequest) (*ListVolumesResponse, error)
 	RemoveVolume(context.Context, *RemoveVolumeRequest) (*emptypb.Empty, error)
 	CreateServiceContainer(context.Context, *CreateServiceContainerRequest) (*CreateContainerResponse, error)
 	InspectServiceContainer(context.Context, *InspectContainerRequest) (*ServiceContainer, error)
+	// UpdateServiceContainer updates the requested properties of a service container in place without recreating it.
+	UpdateServiceContainer(context.Context, *UpdateServiceContainerRequest) (*emptypb.Empty, error)
 	ListServiceContainers(context.Context, *ListServiceContainersRequest) (*ListServiceContainersResponse, error)
 	RemoveServiceContainer(context.Context, *RemoveContainerRequest) (*emptypb.Empty, error)
 	mustEmbedUnimplementedDockerServer()
@@ -358,6 +386,9 @@ func (UnimplementedDockerServer) InspectRemoteImage(context.Context, *InspectRem
 func (UnimplementedDockerServer) ListImages(context.Context, *ListImagesRequest) (*ListImagesResponse, error) {
 	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method ListImages not implemented")
 }
+func (UnimplementedDockerServer) RemoveImage(context.Context, *RemoveImageRequest) (*RemoveImageResponse, error) {
+	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method RemoveImage not implemented")
+}
 func (UnimplementedDockerServer) CreateVolume(context.Context, *CreateVolumeRequest) (*CreateVolumeResponse, error) {
 	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method CreateVolume not implemented")
 }
@@ -373,6 +404,9 @@ func (UnimplementedDockerServer) CreateServiceContainer(context.Context, *Create
 func (UnimplementedDockerServer) InspectServiceContainer(context.Context, *InspectContainerRequest) (*ServiceContainer, error) {
 	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method InspectServiceContainer not implemented")
 }
+func (UnimplementedDockerServer) UpdateServiceContainer(context.Context, *UpdateServiceContainerRequest) (*emptypb.Empty, error) {
+	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method UpdateServiceContainer not implemented")
+}
 func (UnimplementedDockerServer) ListServiceContainers(context.Context, *ListServiceContainersRequest) (*ListServiceContainersResponse, error) {
 	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method ListServiceContainers not implemented")
 }
@@ -591,6 +625,24 @@ func _Docker_ListImages_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(i
 	return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)
 }
 
+func _Docker_RemoveImage_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(interface{}) error, interceptor grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {
+	in := new(RemoveImageRequest)
+	if err := dec(in); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if interceptor == nil {
+		return srv.(DockerServer).RemoveImage(ctx, in)
+	}
+	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
+		Server:     srv,
+		FullMethod: Docker_RemoveImage_FullMethodName,
+	}
+	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+		return srv.(DockerServer).RemoveImage(ctx, req.(*RemoveImageRequest))
+	}
+	return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)
+}
+
 func _Docker_CreateVolume_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(interface{}) error, interceptor grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {
 	in := new(CreateVolumeRequest)
 	if err := dec(in); err != nil {
@@ -681,6 +733,24 @@ func _Docker_InspectServiceContainer_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Contex
 	return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)
 }
 
+func _Docker_UpdateServiceContainer_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(interface{}) error, interceptor grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {
+	in := new(UpdateServiceContainerRequest)
+	if err := dec(in); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if interceptor == nil {
+		return srv.(DockerServer).UpdateServiceContainer(ctx, in)
+	}
+	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
+		Server:     srv,
+		FullMethod: Docker_UpdateServiceContainer_FullMethodName,
+	}
+	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+		return srv.(DockerServer).UpdateServiceContainer(ctx, req.(*UpdateServiceContainerRequest))
+	}
+	return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)
+}
+
 func _Docker_ListServiceContainers_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(interface{}) error, interceptor grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {
 	in := new(ListServiceContainersRequest)
 	if err := dec(in); err != nil {
@@ -760,6 +830,10 @@ var Docker_ServiceDesc = grpc.ServiceDesc{
 			MethodName: "ListImages",
 			Handler:    _Docker_ListImages_Handler,
 		},
+		{
+			MethodName: "RemoveImage",
+			Handler:    _Docker_RemoveImage_Handler,
+		},
 		{
 			MethodName: "CreateVolume",
 			Handler:    _Docker_CreateVolume_Handler,
@@ -780,6 +854,10 @@ var Docker_ServiceDesc = grpc.ServiceDesc{
 			MethodName: "InspectServiceContainer",
 			Handler:    _Docker_InspectServiceContainer_Handler,
 		},
+		{
+			MethodName: "UpdateServiceContainer",
+			Handler:    _Docker_UpdateServiceContainer_Handler,
+		},
 		{
 			MethodName: "ListServiceContainers",
 			Handler:    _Docker_ListServiceContainers_Handler,

api/pb/machine.proto

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ service Machine {
   // InspectMachine retrieves detailed information about the machine. Supports broadcasting to multiple machines.
   rpc InspectMachine(google.protobuf.Empty) returns (InspectMachineResponse);
   // WaitForStoreVersion waits until the cluster store on this machine has reached each requested actor version, with
-  // no known missing or pending transactions through those versions.
+  // no known missing or pending transactions through those versions from active members.
   // Corrosion may satisfy a version by applying its surviving changes or by marking it complete because its changes
   // have been superseded.
   //

api/pb/machine_grpc.pb.go

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ type MachineClient interface {
 	// InspectMachine retrieves detailed information about the machine. Supports broadcasting to multiple machines.
 	InspectMachine(ctx context.Context, in *emptypb.Empty, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*InspectMachineResponse, error)
 	// WaitForStoreVersion waits until the cluster store on this machine has reached each requested actor version, with
-	// no known missing or pending transactions through those versions.
+	// no known missing or pending transactions through those versions from active members.
 	// Corrosion may satisfy a version by applying its surviving changes or by marking it complete because its changes
 	// have been superseded.
 	//
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ type MachineServer interface {
 	// InspectMachine retrieves detailed information about the machine. Supports broadcasting to multiple machines.
 	InspectMachine(context.Context, *emptypb.Empty) (*InspectMachineResponse, error)
 	// WaitForStoreVersion waits until the cluster store on this machine has reached each requested actor version, with
-	// no known missing or pending transactions through those versions.
+	// no known missing or pending transactions through those versions from active members.
 	// Corrosion may satisfy a version by applying its surviving changes or by marking it complete because its changes
 	// have been superseded.
 	//

caddystorage/locker.go

@@ -1,165 +0,0 @@
-package caddystorage
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"log/slog"
-	"slices"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/client"
-	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/distlock"
-)
-
-const (
-	lockPrefix              = "caddy_storage:"
-	storeReplicationTimeout = 10 * time.Second
-)
-
-// Lock acquires an automatically renewed distributed lock and waits for the local store to catch up with versions
-// observed on responding machines. Writers using the same lock can then read locally. Unavailable machines may have
-// writes that this wait does not cover, and reads outside a lock remain eventually consistent.
-func (s *Storage) Lock(ctx context.Context, name string) (err error) {
-	if name == "" {
-		return errors.New("lock name is empty")
-	}
-
-	// Count the call first. If Cleanup has already observed zero, Caddy has cancelled s.ctx and the check below rejects
-	// this call before it uses the client.
-	s.lockOps.Add(1)
-	// A failed Lock owns its lifecycle through any lease rollback. A successful Lock transfers that responsibility to
-	// Unlock, which keeps the client open until its release attempt finishes.
-	defer func() {
-		if err != nil {
-			s.lockOps.Add(-1)
-		}
-	}()
-	if s.ctx.Err() != nil {
-		return errors.New("storage is closed")
-	}
-
-	// Stop acquisition retries when Caddy unloads the module (cancels s.ctx), even if the caller's context
-	// is still active.
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancelCause(ctx)
-	defer cancel(nil)
-	stopOnCleanup := context.AfterFunc(s.ctx, func() {
-		cancel(context.Cause(s.ctx))
-	})
-	defer stopOnCleanup()
-
-	log := s.log.With("lock", name)
-	started := time.Now()
-	log.Debug("acquiring lock", "ttl", time.Duration(s.LockTTL))
-	lease, err := s.locker.Acquire(ctx, lockPrefix+name)
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Debug("failed to acquire lock", "duration", time.Since(started), "error", err)
-		return fmt.Errorf("acquire lock '%s': %w", name, err)
-	}
-	log.Debug("lock lease acquired", "duration", time.Since(started))
-	// Release the lease if the lock acquisition fails after this point.
-	// Unlock will take care of releasing the lease on success.
-	defer func() {
-		if err == nil {
-			return
-		}
-		if releaseErr := s.releaseLock(ctx, name, lease, "cancelled acquisition"); releaseErr != nil {
-			err = errors.Join(err, releaseErr)
-		}
-	}()
-
-	// Catch up with the latest store versions observed on responding machines to increase the chance of reading
-	// the latest writes on them locally.
-	version, machines, err := s.clusterStoreVersion(ctx, log)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	waitStarted := time.Now()
-	log.Debug("waiting for local store replication", "machine_names", machines, "store_version", version)
-	waitCtx, cancelWait := context.WithTimeout(ctx, storeReplicationTimeout)
-	err = s.client.WaitForStoreVersion(waitCtx, version)
-	cancelWait()
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("wait for local store replication: %w", err)
-	}
-	log.Debug("local store replication complete", "duration", time.Since(waitStarted))
-
-	s.locksMu.Lock()
-	defer s.locksMu.Unlock()
-	if s.ctx.Err() != nil {
-		return errors.New("storage is closed")
-	}
-	if lost := context.Cause(lease.Context()); lost != nil {
-		return lost
-	}
-	if _, exists := s.locks[name]; exists {
-		return errors.New("lock is already tracked by this storage instance")
-	}
-	s.locks[name] = lease
-
-	log.Debug("lock acquired", "duration", time.Since(started))
-	return nil
-}
-
-// clusterStoreVersion returns the per-actor maximum store versions from responding machines and their names.
-func (s *Storage) clusterStoreVersion(ctx context.Context, log *slog.Logger) (map[string]uint64, []string, error) {
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, distlock.DefaultMaxNodeCallTimeout)
-	defer cancel()
-	resp, err := s.client.MachineClient.InspectMachine(client.ProxyMachinesContext(ctx, nil), nil)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("inspect machines for store versions: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	maxVersion := make(map[string]uint64)
-	machines := make([]string, 0, len(resp.Machines))
-	for _, m := range resp.Machines {
-		if m.Metadata.Error != "" {
-			log.Warn("skipping machine when collecting store versions",
-				"id", m.Metadata.MachineId, "name", m.Metadata.MachineName, "error", m.Metadata.Error)
-			continue
-		}
-		machines = append(machines, m.Metadata.MachineName)
-		for actor, v := range m.StoreVersion {
-			maxVersion[actor] = max(maxVersion[actor], v)
-		}
-	}
-	slices.Sort(machines)
-	return maxVersion, machines, nil
-}
-
-// Unlock releases a previously acquired distributed lock.
-func (s *Storage) Unlock(ctx context.Context, name string) error {
-	s.locksMu.Lock()
-	lease, exists := s.locks[name]
-	if exists {
-		delete(s.locks, name)
-	}
-	s.locksMu.Unlock()
-	if !exists {
-		return fmt.Errorf("lock '%s' is not held by this storage instance", name)
-	}
-	defer s.lockOps.Add(-1)
-
-	// Release stops renewal even on error. Any nodes that cannot be reached will let the lease expire.
-	if err := s.releaseLock(ctx, name, lease, "unlock"); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("release lock '%s': %w", name, err)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// releaseLock releases the lease with a context that ignores cancellation and logs the release attempt.
-func (s *Storage) releaseLock(ctx context.Context, name string, lease *distlock.Lease, reason string) error {
-	// Unlock and rollback must attempt node cleanup even if the caller or module has already been cancelled.
-	ctx = context.WithoutCancel(ctx)
-
-	log := s.log.With("lock", name, "reason", reason)
-	started := time.Now()
-	log.Debug("releasing lock")
-	if err := lease.Release(ctx); err != nil {
-		log.Debug("failed to release lock", "duration", time.Since(started), "error", err)
-		return err
-	}
-	log.Debug("lock released", "duration", time.Since(started))
-	return nil
-}

caddystorage/module.go

@@ -1,211 +0,0 @@
-// Package caddystorage provides Caddy storage backed by an Uncloud cluster.
-package caddystorage
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"log/slog"
-	"sync"
-	"sync/atomic"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
-	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddyconfig/caddyfile"
-	"github.com/caddyserver/certmagic"
-	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/client"
-	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/client/connector"
-	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/distlock"
-)
-
-const (
-	// ModuleID is the Caddy module ID for Uncloud storage.
-	ModuleID = "caddy.storage.uncloud"
-	// DefaultSocketPath is the default path to the Uncloud API socket.
-	DefaultSocketPath = "/run/uncloud/api/uncloud.sock"
-	// DefaultLockTTL is the default duration of a distributed lock lease.
-	DefaultLockTTL = 20 * time.Second
-	// lockCleanupTimeout bounds how long an unloaded module waits for active lock operations when cleaning up.
-	lockCleanupTimeout = 5 * time.Minute
-)
-
-//nolint:gochecknoinits // Caddy modules must register during package initialisation.
-func init() {
-	caddy.RegisterModule(new(Storage))
-}
-
-// Storage implements a Caddy storage backend that uses an Uncloud cluster to store assets such as TLS certificates.
-type Storage struct {
-	// Socket is the path to the Uncloud API socket.
-	// Defaults to /run/uncloud/api/uncloud.sock when not set.
-	Socket string `json:"socket,omitempty"`
-	// LockTTL is the duration of a distributed lock after which it expires if not renewed. Locks renew automatically
-	// until unlocked. If an instance crashes or cannot renew, expiry allows another instance to acquire the stale lock.
-	// Longer durations tolerate longer interruptions but delay recovery after a crash. Normal unlocks release the lock
-	// immediately.
-	// Defaults to 20 seconds when not set.
-	LockTTL caddy.Duration `json:"lock_ttl,omitempty"`
-
-	client *client.Client
-	locker *distlock.Locker
-	log    *slog.Logger
-
-	// ctx is the module context from Provision. Caddy cancels it when it unloads the module and calls Cleanup.
-	ctx context.Context
-
-	// locksMu protects locks.
-	locksMu sync.Mutex
-	// locks maps successfully acquired lock names to held leases.
-	locks map[string]*distlock.Lease
-	// lockOps counts Lock calls until they fail or their locks are released.
-	lockOps atomic.Int64
-}
-
-// CaddyModule returns the Caddy module information.
-func (*Storage) CaddyModule() caddy.ModuleInfo {
-	return caddy.ModuleInfo{
-		ID:  ModuleID,
-		New: func() caddy.Module { return new(Storage) },
-	}
-}
-
-// Provision connects the storage to the local Uncloud API and initialises the distributed locker.
-func (s *Storage) Provision(ctx caddy.Context) error {
-	s.ctx = ctx
-	s.log = ctx.Slogger()
-
-	if s.Socket == "" {
-		s.Socket = DefaultSocketPath
-	}
-	if s.LockTTL == 0 {
-		s.LockTTL = caddy.Duration(DefaultLockTTL)
-	}
-	if s.LockTTL < 0 {
-		return errors.New("lock_ttl must be positive")
-	}
-
-	cli, err := client.New(ctx, connector.NewUnixConnector(s.Socket))
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("connect to Uncloud API: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	locker, err := cli.NewLocker(distlock.Config{
-		LeaseDuration: time.Duration(s.LockTTL),
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = cli.Close()
-		return fmt.Errorf("create distributed locker: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	s.client = cli
-	s.locker = locker
-	s.locks = make(map[string]*distlock.Lease)
-
-	s.log.Info("module provisioned", "socket", s.Socket, "lock_ttl", time.Duration(s.LockTTL))
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Cleanup keeps the Uncloud API connection open so acquired lock leases can renew until Caddy releases them. It closes
-// the connection after all lock operations finish or the cleanup timeout expires.
-func (s *Storage) Cleanup() error {
-	if s.client == nil {
-		// Provision failed before opening the storage.
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	started := time.Now()
-	s.log.Debug("cleaning up module", "locks", s.lockOps.Load())
-
-	go func() {
-		timer := time.NewTimer(lockCleanupTimeout)
-		defer timer.Stop()
-		ticker := time.NewTicker(1 * time.Second)
-		defer ticker.Stop()
-
-		timedOut := false
-		for !timedOut && s.lockOps.Load() > 0 {
-			select {
-			case <-ticker.C:
-			case <-timer.C:
-				timedOut = true
-			}
-		}
-		if remaining := s.lockOps.Load(); timedOut && remaining > 0 {
-			s.log.Warn("timed out waiting for active locks to be unlocked",
-				"locks", remaining, "timeout", lockCleanupTimeout)
-		}
-
-		if err := s.client.Close(); err != nil {
-			s.log.Warn("failed to clean up module", "duration", time.Since(started), "error", err)
-			return
-		}
-		s.log.Debug("module cleanup complete", "duration", time.Since(started))
-	}()
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// CertMagicStorage returns the provisioned CertMagic storage implementation.
-func (s *Storage) CertMagicStorage() (certmagic.Storage, error) {
-	return s, nil
-}
-
-// UnmarshalCaddyfile configures Uncloud storage from the Caddyfile global storage block.
-//
-//	{
-//	    storage uncloud {
-//	        socket /run/uncloud/api/uncloud.sock
-//	        lock_ttl 20s
-//	    }
-//	}
-func (s *Storage) UnmarshalCaddyfile(d *caddyfile.Dispenser) error {
-	d.Next() // Skip the module name 'uncloud'.
-	// Reject inline arguments. NextArg leaves an opening brace for NextBlock.
-	if d.NextArg() {
-		return d.ArgErr()
-	}
-
-	// Read the optional options block, skipping its surrounding braces.
-	for d.NextBlock(0) {
-		switch d.Val() {
-		case "socket":
-			// Require a socket path on the same line as 'socket' option.
-			if !d.NextArg() {
-				return d.ArgErr()
-			}
-			s.Socket = d.Val()
-			// Reject extra arguments after the socket path.
-			if d.NextArg() {
-				return d.ArgErr()
-			}
-		case "lock_ttl":
-			if !d.NextArg() {
-				return d.ArgErr()
-			}
-			ttl, err := caddy.ParseDuration(d.Val())
-			if err != nil {
-				return d.Errf("invalid lock_ttl '%s': %w", d.Val(), err)
-			}
-			if ttl <= 0 {
-				return d.Err("lock_ttl must be positive")
-			}
-			if d.NextArg() {
-				return d.ArgErr()
-			}
-			s.LockTTL = caddy.Duration(ttl)
-		default:
-			return d.Errf("unknown uncloud storage option: '%s'", d.Val())
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-var (
-	_ caddy.Module           = (*Storage)(nil)
-	_ caddy.Provisioner      = (*Storage)(nil)
-	_ caddy.CleanerUpper     = (*Storage)(nil)
-	_ caddy.StorageConverter = (*Storage)(nil)
-	_ caddyfile.Unmarshaler  = (*Storage)(nil)
-	_ certmagic.Storage      = (*Storage)(nil)
-)

caddystorage/storage.go

@@ -1,83 +0,0 @@
-package caddystorage
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"fmt"
-	"io/fs"
-
-	"github.com/caddyserver/certmagic"
-	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/api/pb"
-	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
-	"google.golang.org/grpc/status"
-)
-
-// Store writes a value to the cluster store.
-func (s *Storage) Store(ctx context.Context, key string, value []byte) error {
-	if _, err := s.client.CaddyStorage.Store(ctx, &pb.StoreCaddyStorageRequest{Key: key, Value: value}); err != nil {
-		return storageError("store", key, err)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Load reads a value from the cluster store.
-func (s *Storage) Load(ctx context.Context, key string) ([]byte, error) {
-	resp, err := s.client.CaddyStorage.Load(ctx, &pb.LoadCaddyStorageRequest{Key: key})
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, storageError("load", key, err)
-	}
-	return resp.Value, nil
-}
-
-// Delete removes a key and its descendants from the cluster store.
-func (s *Storage) Delete(ctx context.Context, key string) error {
-	if _, err := s.client.CaddyStorage.Delete(ctx, &pb.DeleteCaddyStorageRequest{Key: key}); err != nil {
-		return storageError("delete", key, err)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Exists reports whether a key exists in the cluster store.
-func (s *Storage) Exists(ctx context.Context, key string) bool {
-	_, err := s.Stat(ctx, key)
-	return err == nil
-}
-
-// List returns keys under prefix from the cluster store.
-func (s *Storage) List(ctx context.Context, prefix string, recursive bool) ([]string, error) {
-	resp, err := s.client.CaddyStorage.List(ctx, &pb.ListCaddyStorageRequest{
-		Prefix:    prefix,
-		Recursive: recursive,
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, storageError("list", prefix, err)
-	}
-	return resp.Keys, nil
-}
-
-// Stat returns information about a key in the cluster store.
-func (s *Storage) Stat(ctx context.Context, key string) (certmagic.KeyInfo, error) {
-	resp, err := s.client.CaddyStorage.Stat(ctx, &pb.StatCaddyStorageRequest{Key: key})
-	if err != nil {
-		return certmagic.KeyInfo{}, storageError("stat", key, err)
-	}
-
-	info := certmagic.KeyInfo{
-		Key:        resp.Key,
-		Size:       resp.Size,
-		IsTerminal: resp.IsTerminal,
-	}
-	if resp.UpdatedAt != nil {
-		if err := resp.UpdatedAt.CheckValid(); err != nil {
-			return certmagic.KeyInfo{}, storageError("stat", key, fmt.Errorf("invalid updated_at timestamp: %w", err))
-		}
-		info.Modified = resp.UpdatedAt.AsTime()
-	}
-	return info, nil
-}
-
-func storageError(operation, key string, err error) error {
-	if status.Code(err) == codes.NotFound {
-		err = fs.ErrNotExist
-	}
-	return fmt.Errorf("uncloud storage: %s key %q: %w", operation, key, err)
-}

cmd/uc/caddy/cert/ls.go

@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+package cert
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"slices"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"charm.land/lipgloss/v2"
+	"github.com/caddyserver/certmagic"
+	"github.com/docker/go-units"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli/completion"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli/tui"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/version"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/api"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/client"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+)
+
+type listOptions struct {
+	machine string
+	output  string
+}
+
+func NewListCommand() *cobra.Command {
+	opts := listOptions{}
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:     "ls",
+		Aliases: []string{"list"},
+		Short:   "List certificates in cluster storage for Caddy.",
+		Long: `List certificates stored in the Uncloud cluster storage for Caddy.
+
+Caddy uses cluster storage by default. Certificates don't appear here if Caddy uses local storage,
+for example, if it runs with a custom global config without 'storage uncloud' or was deployed with
+uc v0.21.0 or earlier and not upgraded.
+
+This inventory does not check whether Caddy currently serves or trusts a certificate.
+
+See ` + version.DocsURL + `/concepts/ingress/cluster-storage-for-caddy for details.`,
+		Args: cobra.NoArgs,
+		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string) error {
+			uncli := cmd.Context().Value("cli").(*cli.CLI)
+			return list(cmd.Context(), uncli, opts)
+		},
+	}
+
+	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(&opts.machine, "machine", "m", "",
+		"Name or ID of the machine to read certificate storage from. (default is connected machine)")
+	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(&opts.output, "output", "o", "",
+		"Output format: 'json' or empty for a human-readable table.")
+	completion.MachinesFlag(cmd)
+
+	return cmd
+}
+
+func list(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts listOptions) error {
+	if opts.output != "" && opts.output != "json" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unsupported output format '%s' (supported: json)", opts.output)
+	}
+
+	clusterClient, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("connect to cluster: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer clusterClient.Close()
+
+	certs, listErr := clusterClient.Caddy.ListCertificates(ctx,
+		client.CaddyListCertificatesOptions{Machine: opts.machine})
+	if len(certs) > 0 || listErr == nil {
+		if err = printCertificates(os.Stdout, certs, opts.output); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("print Caddy certificates: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+	if listErr != nil {
+		if len(certs) > 0 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("certificate list is partial: %w", listErr)
+		}
+		return fmt.Errorf("list Caddy certificates: %w", listErr)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func printCertificates(out io.Writer, certs []api.IssuedCertificate, output string) error {
+	type certificate struct {
+		api.IssuedCertificate
+		Fingerprint string
+	}
+
+	items := make([]certificate, 0, len(certs))
+	for _, cert := range certs {
+		fingerprint := cert.Fingerprint()
+		items = append(items, certificate{
+			IssuedCertificate: cert,
+			Fingerprint:       hex.EncodeToString(fingerprint[:]),
+		})
+	}
+	slices.SortFunc(items, func(a, b certificate) int {
+		if cmp := strings.Compare(a.SAN, b.SAN); cmp != 0 {
+			return cmp
+		}
+		if cmp := a.Chain[0].NotAfter.Compare(b.Chain[0].NotAfter); cmp != 0 {
+			return cmp
+		}
+		return strings.Compare(a.Fingerprint, b.Fingerprint)
+	})
+
+	if output == "json" {
+		encoder := json.NewEncoder(out)
+		encoder.SetIndent("", "  ")
+		if err := encoder.Encode(items); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("marshal certificates: %w", err)
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if len(items) == 0 {
+		_, err := fmt.Fprintln(out, "No Caddy certificates found in cluster storage.")
+		return err
+	}
+
+	t := tui.NewTable()
+	t.Headers("ID", "NAME", "ISSUER", "EXPIRES")
+	for _, item := range items {
+		t.Row(
+			item.Fingerprint[:12],
+			item.SAN,
+			formatIssuer(item.IssuerData),
+			formatExpiry(item.Chain[0].NotAfter),
+		)
+	}
+	_, err := lipgloss.Fprintln(out, t)
+	return err
+}
+
+func formatIssuer(data api.CertificateIssuerData) string {
+	if data.ACME == nil {
+		return "unknown"
+	}
+
+	switch data.ACME.CA {
+	case certmagic.LetsEncryptProductionCA:
+		return "Let's Encrypt"
+	case certmagic.LetsEncryptStagingCA:
+		return "Let's Encrypt (staging)"
+	case certmagic.ZeroSSLProductionCA:
+		return "ZeroSSL"
+	case certmagic.GoogleTrustProductionCA:
+		return "Google Trust Services"
+	case certmagic.GoogleTrustStagingCA:
+		return "Google Trust Services (staging)"
+	default:
+		return data.ACME.CA
+	}
+}
+
+func formatExpiry(expires time.Time) string {
+	delta := expires.Sub(time.Now())
+	if delta <= 0 {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%s (expired %s ago)", expires.UTC().Format(time.DateOnly),
+			strings.ToLower(units.HumanDuration(-delta)))
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s (%s)", expires.UTC().Format(time.DateOnly),
+		strings.ToLower(units.HumanDuration(delta)))
+}

cmd/uc/caddy/cert/ls_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+package cert
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"crypto/sha256"
+	"crypto/x509"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/caddyserver/certmagic"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/api"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestPrintCertificates(t *testing.T) {
+	now := time.Now().UTC().Truncate(time.Hour)
+	certs := []api.IssuedCertificate{
+		testIssuedCertificate("z.example.com", "z", now.Add(48*time.Hour), certmagic.LetsEncryptProductionCA),
+		testIssuedCertificate("a.example.com", "old", now.Add(-48*time.Hour), certmagic.LetsEncryptStagingCA),
+		testIssuedCertificate("a.example.com", "new", now.Add(72*time.Hour), "https://ca.example/directory"),
+		testIssuedCertificate("unknown.example.com", "unknown", now.Add(96*time.Hour), ""),
+	}
+
+	var table bytes.Buffer
+	require.NoError(t, printCertificates(&table, certs, ""))
+	output := table.String()
+	assert.Contains(t, output, "ID")
+	assert.Contains(t, output, "NAME")
+	assert.Contains(t, output, "ISSUER")
+	assert.Contains(t, output, "EXPIRES")
+	assert.Contains(t, output, now.Add(-48*time.Hour).Format(time.DateOnly)+" (expired ")
+	assert.Contains(t, output, now.Add(48*time.Hour).Format(time.DateOnly)+" (")
+	assert.Contains(t, output, "Let's Encrypt (staging)")
+	assert.Contains(t, output, "https://ca.example/directory")
+	assert.Less(t, strings.Index(output, now.Add(-48*time.Hour).Format(time.DateOnly)),
+		strings.Index(output, now.Add(72*time.Hour).Format(time.DateOnly)))
+	assert.Less(t, strings.Index(output, "a.example.com"), strings.Index(output, "z.example.com"))
+	assert.Contains(t, output, testFingerprint("old")[:12])
+
+	var encoded bytes.Buffer
+	require.NoError(t, printCertificates(&encoded, certs, "json"))
+	var items []struct {
+		api.IssuedCertificate
+		Fingerprint string
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(encoded.Bytes(), &items))
+	require.Len(t, items, 4)
+	assert.Equal(t, testFingerprint("old"), items[0].Fingerprint)
+	assert.Equal(t, "a.example.com", items[0].SAN)
+	require.Len(t, items[0].Chain, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, []byte("old"), items[0].Chain[0].Raw)
+	assert.Equal(t, now.Add(-48*time.Hour), items[0].Chain[0].NotAfter)
+	require.NotNil(t, items[0].IssuerData.ACME)
+	assert.Equal(t, certmagic.LetsEncryptStagingCA, items[0].IssuerData.ACME.CA)
+	assert.Equal(t, testFingerprint("new"), items[1].Fingerprint)
+	require.NotNil(t, items[1].IssuerData.ACME)
+	assert.Equal(t, "https://ca.example/directory", items[1].IssuerData.ACME.CA)
+	assert.Nil(t, items[2].IssuerData.ACME)
+	assert.Equal(t, "z.example.com", items[3].SAN)
+}
+
+func TestPrintCertificates_Empty(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tt := range []struct {
+		output string
+		want   string
+	}{
+		{output: "", want: "No Caddy certificates found in cluster storage.\n"},
+		{output: "json", want: "[]\n"},
+	} {
+		var out bytes.Buffer
+		require.NoError(t, printCertificates(&out, nil, tt.output))
+		assert.Equal(t, tt.want, out.String())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFormatIssuer(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tt := range []struct {
+		name string
+		ca   string
+		want string
+	}{
+		{name: "production", ca: certmagic.LetsEncryptProductionCA, want: "Let's Encrypt"},
+		{name: "staging", ca: certmagic.LetsEncryptStagingCA, want: "Let's Encrypt (staging)"},
+		{name: "ZeroSSL", ca: certmagic.ZeroSSLProductionCA, want: "ZeroSSL"},
+		{name: "Google Trust Services", ca: certmagic.GoogleTrustProductionCA, want: "Google Trust Services"},
+		{name: "Google Trust Services staging", ca: certmagic.GoogleTrustStagingCA, want: "Google Trust Services (staging)"},
+		{name: "other", ca: "https://ca.example/directory", want: "https://ca.example/directory"},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.want, formatIssuer(api.CertificateIssuerData{
+				ACME: &api.ACMEIssuerData{CA: tt.ca},
+			}))
+		})
+	}
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "unknown", formatIssuer(api.CertificateIssuerData{}))
+}
+
+func TestFormatExpiry_UTC(t *testing.T) {
+	now := time.Now().UTC()
+	brisbane := time.FixedZone("AEST", 10*60*60)
+	expires := time.Date(now.Year(), now.Month(), now.Day()+3, 3, 0, 0, 0, brisbane)
+	assert.True(t, strings.HasPrefix(formatExpiry(expires), expires.UTC().Format(time.DateOnly)+" ("))
+	assert.NotEqual(t, expires.Format(time.DateOnly), expires.UTC().Format(time.DateOnly))
+	expired := now.Add(-2 * time.Hour)
+	assert.True(t, strings.HasPrefix(formatExpiry(expired), expired.UTC().Format(time.DateOnly)+" (expired "))
+	assert.Contains(t, formatExpiry(expired), " ago)")
+}
+
+func testIssuedCertificate(name, raw string, expires time.Time, ca string) api.IssuedCertificate {
+	cert := api.IssuedCertificate{
+		SAN:   name,
+		Chain: []*x509.Certificate{{Raw: []byte(raw), NotAfter: expires}},
+	}
+	if ca != "" {
+		cert.IssuerData.ACME = &api.ACMEIssuerData{CA: ca}
+	}
+	return cert
+}
+
+func testFingerprint(raw string) string {
+	sum := sha256.Sum256([]byte(raw))
+	return hex.EncodeToString(sum[:])
+}

cmd/uc/caddy/cert/root.go

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+package cert
+
+import "github.com/spf13/cobra"
+
+func NewRootCommand() *cobra.Command {
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "cert",
+		Short: "Inspect certificates in cluster storage for Caddy.",
+	}
+	cmd.AddCommand(NewListCommand())
+	return cmd
+}

cmd/uc/caddy/config.go

@@ -3,17 +3,18 @@ package caddy
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
-	"os"
 
+	"charm.land/lipgloss/v2"
 	"github.com/alecthomas/chroma/v2/quick"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli/completion"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli/tui"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/client"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
 
 type configOptions struct {
 	machine string
-	noColor bool
 }
 
 func NewConfigCommand() *cobra.Command {
@@ -31,8 +32,6 @@ func NewConfigCommand() *cobra.Command {
 
 	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(&opts.machine, "machine", "m", "",
 		"Name or ID of the machine to get the configuration from. (default is connected machine)")
-	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&opts.noColor, "no-color", false,
-		"Disable syntax highlighting for the output.")
 
 	completion.MachinesFlag(cmd)
 
@@ -46,24 +45,20 @@ func runConfig(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts configOptions) error {
 	}
 	defer clusterClient.Close()
 
-	if opts.machine != "" {
+	config, err := clusterClient.Caddy.Config(ctx, client.CaddyConfigOptions{Machine: opts.machine})
-		// If a specific machine is requested, use it to get the Caddy configuration.
-		ctx = clusterClient.ProxySingleMachineContext(ctx, opts.machine)
-	}
-
-	config, err := clusterClient.Caddy.GetConfig(ctx, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("get Caddy config: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	// Print the Caddyfile with syntax highlighting.
-	if opts.noColor {
+	if err = quick.Highlight(lipgloss.Writer, config.Caddyfile, "caddy", "terminal256", "monokai"); err != nil {
-		fmt.Print(config.Caddyfile)
-	} else {
-		if err = quick.Highlight(os.Stdout, config.Caddyfile, "caddy", "terminal256", "monokai"); err != nil {
 		// If highlighting fails, fall back to plain output.
-			fmt.Print(config.Caddyfile)
+		lipgloss.Print(config.Caddyfile)
 	}
+
+	if config.LastReconciliationError != "" {
+		tui.PrintWarning(fmt.Sprintf("last Caddy config load failed: %s\nShowing the last saved Caddyfile.",
+			config.LastReconciliationError))
 	}
 
 	return nil

cmd/uc/caddy/deploy.go

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli/completion"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli/tui"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/version"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/api"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/client"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
@@ -25,6 +26,10 @@ type deployOptions struct {
 	caddyfile string
 	image     string
 	machines  []string
+
+	caddyfileChanged bool
+	imageChanged     bool
+	machinesChanged  bool
 }
 
 func NewDeployCommand() *cobra.Command {
@@ -33,21 +38,62 @@ func NewDeployCommand() *cobra.Command {
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{
 		Use:   "deploy",
 		Short: "Deploy or upgrade Caddy reverse proxy across all machines in the cluster.",
-		Long: "Deploy or upgrade Caddy reverse proxy across all machines in the cluster.\n" +
+		Long: `Deploy or upgrade Caddy reverse proxy across all machines in the cluster.
-			"A rolling update is performed when updating existing containers to minimise disruption.",
+A rolling update is performed when updating existing containers to minimise disruption.
+
+By default, this deploys the latest version of the Uncloud Caddy image with a global config that enables cluster
+storage for TLS certificates. See https://github.com/unlabs-dev/caddy-uncloud for more details.
+
+Values set with --image, --caddyfile, and --machine are kept for later deployments. Pass an empty value to reset
+a flag to its default.
+
+If this command didn't deploy the current caddy service, for example, it was deployed with 'uc deploy'
+from a Compose file or an older version of uc, the deployment replaces its configuration.
+
+Requires Uncloud daemon ` + client.MinCaddyDaemonVersion + ` or newer on all machines.`,
+		Example: `  # Deploy Caddy or upgrade it to the latest version of the Uncloud Caddy image.
+  uc caddy deploy
+
+  # Deploy a custom image and keep it for later deployments.
+  uc caddy deploy --image ghcr.io/unlabs-dev/caddy-uncloud:0.1.3
+
+  # Go back to the latest version of the Uncloud Caddy image.
+  uc caddy deploy --image ""
+
+  # Deploy a custom image build and a custom global Caddy config and keep both for later deployments.
+  uc caddy deploy --image myorg/caddy-uncloud:latest --caddyfile global.Caddyfile
+
+  # Go back to the default global Caddy config but keep the custom image.
+  uc caddy deploy --caddyfile ""
+
+  # Deploy only to specific machines and keep them for later deployments.
+  uc caddy deploy --machine machine1,machine2
+
+  # Go back to deploying to all machines.
+  uc caddy deploy --machine ""`,
 		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 			uncli := cmd.Context().Value("cli").(*cli.CLI)
+
+			opts.caddyfileChanged = cmd.Flag("caddyfile").Changed
+			opts.imageChanged = cmd.Flag("image").Changed
+			opts.machinesChanged = cmd.Flag("machine").Changed
+
 			return runDeploy(cmd.Context(), uncli, opts)
 		},
 	}
 
 	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&opts.caddyfile, "caddyfile", "",
-		"Path to a custom global Caddy config (Caddyfile) that will be prepended to the auto-generated Caddy config.")
+		"Path to a custom global Caddy config (Caddyfile) that will be prepended to the auto-generated Caddy config.\n"+
+			"An empty value resets it to the default config that enables cluster storage.\n"+
+			"(default is the current custom config or the default config)")
 	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&opts.image, "image", "",
-		"Caddy Docker image to deploy. (default caddy:LATEST_VERSION)")
+		"Caddy Docker image to deploy. It must include the Uncloud storage module if the Caddy config uses it.\n"+
+			"An empty value resets it to the latest version of the Uncloud Caddy image.\n"+
+			"(default is the current custom image or "+client.CaddyImage+":LATEST_VERSION)")
 	cmd.Flags().StringSliceVarP(&opts.machines, "machine", "m", nil,
-		"Machine names or IDs to deploy to. Can be specified multiple times or as a comma-separated "+
+		"Machine names or IDs to deploy to. Can be specified multiple times or as a comma-separated list.\n"+
-			"list. (default is all machines)")
+			"An empty value resets it to all machines.\n"+
+			"(default is the current machines or all machines)")
 
 	completion.MachinesFlag(cmd)
 
@@ -55,13 +101,13 @@ func NewDeployCommand() *cobra.Command {
 }
 
 func runDeploy(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts deployOptions) error {
-	caddyfile := ""
+	config := ""
 	if opts.caddyfile != "" {
 		data, err := os.ReadFile(opts.caddyfile)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("read Caddyfile: %w", err)
 		}
-		caddyfile = strings.TrimSpace(string(data))
+		config = strings.TrimSpace(string(data))
 	}
 
 	clusterClient, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx)
@@ -70,6 +116,10 @@ func runDeploy(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts deployOptions) error {
 	}
 	defer clusterClient.Close()
 
+	if err = clusterClient.Caddy.CheckDaemonVersions(ctx); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
 	svc, err := clusterClient.InspectService(ctx, client.CaddyServiceName)
 	if err != nil {
 		if !errors.Is(err, api.ErrNotFound) {
@@ -100,24 +150,48 @@ func runDeploy(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts deployOptions) error {
 		}
 	}
 
-	if opts.image != "" {
+	current := svc.Spec()
-		fmt.Println(tui.Faint.Render("target image: ") + tui.FormatImage(opts.image, tui.Green))
+	deployOpts := resolveDeploymentOptions(current, opts, config)
+	configChanged := deployOpts.ConfigOrDefault() != current.CaddyConfig()
+
+	if svc.ID != "" && configChanged {
+		printCaddyConfig("current global Caddy config:", current.CaddyConfig())
 	}
 
 	fmt.Println()
 	fmt.Println("Preparing a deployment plan...")
 
-	placement := api.Placement{
+	d, err := clusterClient.Caddy.NewDeployment(ctx, deployOpts)
-		Machines: cli.ExpandCommaSeparatedValues(opts.machines),
-	}
-	d, err := clusterClient.NewCaddyDeployment(opts.image, caddyfile, placement)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("create caddy deployment: %w", err)
 	}
+	target := d.Spec
 
-	if opts.image == "" {
+	// The Uncloud Caddy image resolves to the latest version allowed by this CLI, which is older than the running image
-		fmt.Println(tui.Faint.Render("target image: ") + tui.FormatImage(d.Spec.Container.Image,
+	// if a newer CLI deployed it. Continuing would downgrade the image and replace its default config.
-			tui.Green) + tui.Faint.Render(" (latest stable)"))
+	if deployOpts.Image == "" && client.IsNewerCaddyImage(current.Container.Image, target.Container.Image) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("caddy service runs image '%s' which is newer than the latest version '%s' supported by "+
+			"this uc version: upgrade uc or specify the image with --image",
+			current.Container.Image, target.Container.Image)
+	}
+
+	imageNote := " (latest)"
+	if deployOpts.Image != "" {
+		imageNote = " (custom)"
+		if !opts.imageChanged {
+			imageNote = " (custom, use --image \"\" for the latest version)"
+		}
+	}
+	fmt.Println(tui.Faint.Render("target image: ") + tui.FormatImage(target.Container.Image, tui.Green) +
+		tui.Faint.Render(imageNote))
+
+	if configChanged {
+		if deployOpts.Config != nil {
+			// The user provided this config so there is no need to print its content.
+			fmt.Println(tui.Faint.Render("target global Caddy config: ") + opts.caddyfile)
+		} else {
+			printCaddyConfig("target global Caddy config: (default)", deployOpts.ConfigOrDefault())
+		}
 	}
 
 	plan, err := d.Plan(ctx)
@@ -129,7 +203,7 @@ func runDeploy(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts deployOptions) error {
 		fmt.Printf("%s service is up to date.\n", client.CaddyServiceName)
 	} else {
 		if svc.ID == "" {
-			if len(opts.machines) > 0 {
+			if len(deployOpts.Placement.Machines) > 0 {
 				fmt.Println("This will run a Caddy container on each selected machine.")
 			} else {
 				fmt.Println("This will run a Caddy container on each machine.")
@@ -161,6 +235,14 @@ func runDeploy(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts deployOptions) error {
 		fmt.Println(summary)
 		fmt.Println()
 
+		warnings := deploymentWarnings(current, target, opts)
+		for _, warning := range warnings {
+			tui.PrintWarning(warning)
+		}
+		if len(warnings) > 0 {
+			fmt.Println()
+		}
+
 		title := "Proceed with deployment?"
 		// Include the direct connection or context name in the confirmation prompt to avoid accidentally
 		// deploying to the wrong cluster.
@@ -193,6 +275,98 @@ func runDeploy(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts deployOptions) error {
 	return UpdateDomainRecords(ctx, clusterClient, uncli.ProgressOut())
 }
 
+// resolveDeploymentOptions returns the deployment options for the flags and the current service spec, which is zero if
+// the service doesn't exist. Each flag works on its own: a specified flag overrides the value and an empty one resets
+// it to the default. A flag that isn't specified keeps the explicitly set value.
+func resolveDeploymentOptions(
+	current api.ServiceSpec, opts deployOptions, config string,
+) client.CaddyDeploymentOptions {
+	var resolved client.CaddyDeploymentOptions
+
+	if opts.imageChanged {
+		resolved.Image = opts.image
+	} else if _, custom := current.Labels[api.LabelCaddyImageCustom]; custom {
+		resolved.Image = current.Container.Image
+	}
+
+	if opts.caddyfileChanged {
+		if opts.caddyfile != "" {
+			resolved.Config = new(config)
+		}
+	} else if _, custom := current.Labels[api.LabelCaddyConfigCustom]; custom {
+		resolved.Config = new(current.CaddyConfig())
+	}
+
+	if opts.machinesChanged {
+		resolved.Placement.Machines = cli.ExpandCommaSeparatedValues(opts.machines)
+	} else if _, managed := current.Labels[api.LabelCaddyManaged]; managed {
+		resolved.Placement = current.Placement
+	}
+
+	return resolved
+}
+
+// deploymentWarnings returns the consequences of deploying the target spec over the current one, which is zero if
+// the service doesn't exist.
+func deploymentWarnings(current, target api.ServiceSpec, opts deployOptions) []string {
+	var warnings []string
+	exists := current.Name != ""
+
+	if _, managed := current.Labels[api.LabelCaddyManaged]; exists && !managed {
+		warnings = append(warnings, "'uc caddy deploy' doesn't manage this caddy service yet, so this deployment "+
+			"replaces its configuration, including any custom global Caddy config.\n"+
+			"If you manage it with a Compose file, cancel and deploy with 'uc deploy' instead.")
+	}
+
+	currentStorage := client.CaddyStorageModule(current.CaddyConfig())
+	targetStorage := client.CaddyStorageModule(target.CaddyConfig())
+	if exists && currentStorage != targetStorage {
+		warning := fmt.Sprintf("Caddy certificate storage changes from %s to %s.\n"+
+			"Caddy doesn't automatically migrate certificates, so all of them will be reissued and HTTPS may fail "+
+			"for those domains until that finishes.\n"+
+			"To migrate them first, see %s/concepts/ingress/cluster-storage-for-caddy",
+			caddyStorageName(currentStorage), caddyStorageName(targetStorage), version.DocsURL)
+		if !opts.caddyfileChanged {
+			warning += "\nTo keep the current storage, specify a custom Caddyfile that uses it with --caddyfile."
+		}
+		warnings = append(warnings, warning)
+	}
+
+	imageOrConfigChanged := current.Container.Image != target.Container.Image ||
+		current.CaddyConfig() != target.CaddyConfig()
+	if targetStorage == client.CaddyStorageUncloud && imageOrConfigChanged &&
+		!client.IsDefaultCaddyImage(target.Container.Image) {
+		warnings = append(warnings, fmt.Sprintf("Image '%s' must include the Uncloud storage module to use "+
+			"'storage uncloud'. Otherwise, Caddy won't start or apply the new config.\n"+
+			"Check 'uc caddy config' after the deployment for errors.", target.Container.Image))
+	}
+
+	return warnings
+}
+
+// caddyStorageName returns a user-friendly name of the Caddy storage module.
+func caddyStorageName(module string) string {
+	switch module {
+	case client.CaddyStorageFileSystem:
+		return "local"
+	case client.CaddyStorageUncloud:
+		return "cluster"
+	default:
+		return "'" + module + "'"
+	}
+}
+
+// printCaddyConfig prints the title and the indented config or "none" if it's empty.
+func printCaddyConfig(title, config string) {
+	if config == "" {
+		lipgloss.Println(tui.Faint.Render(title) + " none")
+		return
+	}
+
+	lipgloss.Println(tui.Faint.Render(title))
+	fmt.Println(config)
+}
+
 func UpdateDomainRecords(ctx context.Context, clusterClient *client.Client, progressOut *streams.Out) error {
 	domain, err := clusterClient.GetDomain(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -202,6 +376,10 @@ func UpdateDomainRecords(ctx context.Context, clusterClient *client.Client, prog
 		}
 		return fmt.Errorf("get cluster domain: %w", err)
 	}
+	if !domain.Reserved {
+		fmt.Printf("Skipping DNS records update as cluster domain '%s' is managed externally.\n", domain.Name)
+		return nil
+	}
 
 	fmt.Println("Updating cluster domain records in Uncloud DNS to point to machines running caddy service...")
 	// TODO: split the method into two: one to get the records and one to update them to ask for update confirmation.
@@ -216,7 +394,7 @@ func UpdateDomainRecords(ctx context.Context, clusterClient *client.Client, prog
 		if errors.Is(err, client.ErrNoReachableMachines) {
 			fmt.Println()
 			fmt.Printf("DNS records for domain '%s' could not be updated as there are no internet-reachable "+
-				"machines running caddy containers.\n", domain)
+				"machines running caddy containers.\n", domain.Name)
 			fmt.Println()
 			fmt.Println("Possible solutions:")
 			fmt.Println("- Ensure your machines have public IP addresses")

cmd/uc/caddy/deploy_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,263 @@
+package caddy
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/api"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/client"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestResolveDeploymentOptions(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	const (
+		customImage  = "example.com/caddy:1.2.3"
+		customConfig = "{\n\tdebug\n}"
+	)
+	machines := api.Placement{Machines: []string{"m1", "m2"}}
+
+	// A service with a custom image, config, and machines that has the given labels.
+	service := func(labels ...string) api.ServiceSpec {
+		spec := api.ServiceSpec{
+			Name:      client.CaddyServiceName,
+			Caddy:     &api.CaddySpec{Config: customConfig},
+			Container: api.ContainerSpec{Image: customImage},
+			Placement: machines,
+		}
+		if len(labels) > 0 {
+			spec.Labels = make(map[string]string, len(labels))
+			for _, label := range labels {
+				spec.Labels[label] = ""
+			}
+		}
+		return spec
+	}
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		current api.ServiceSpec
+		opts    deployOptions
+		config  string
+		want    client.CaddyDeploymentOptions
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "no service gets the defaults",
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "service that isn't managed gets the defaults",
+			current: service(),
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "managed service follows the default image and config and keeps machines",
+			current: service(api.LabelCaddyManaged),
+			want:    client.CaddyDeploymentOptions{Placement: machines},
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "custom image is kept and config follows the default",
+			current: service(api.LabelCaddyManaged, api.LabelCaddyImageCustom),
+			want:    client.CaddyDeploymentOptions{Image: customImage, Placement: machines},
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "custom config is kept and image follows the latest version",
+			current: service(api.LabelCaddyManaged, api.LabelCaddyConfigCustom),
+			want:    client.CaddyDeploymentOptions{Config: new(customConfig), Placement: machines},
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "custom image and config are kept",
+			current: service(api.LabelCaddyManaged, api.LabelCaddyImageCustom, api.LabelCaddyConfigCustom),
+			want:    client.CaddyDeploymentOptions{Image: customImage, Config: new(customConfig), Placement: machines},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "custom empty config is kept",
+			current: api.ServiceSpec{
+				Name:   client.CaddyServiceName,
+				Labels: map[string]string{api.LabelCaddyManaged: "", api.LabelCaddyConfigCustom: ""},
+			},
+			want: client.CaddyDeploymentOptions{Config: new("")},
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "image flag overrides the current image",
+			current: service(api.LabelCaddyManaged, api.LabelCaddyImageCustom),
+			opts:    deployOptions{image: "caddy:2", imageChanged: true},
+			want:    client.CaddyDeploymentOptions{Image: "caddy:2", Placement: machines},
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "empty image flag resets to the latest version",
+			current: service(api.LabelCaddyManaged, api.LabelCaddyImageCustom),
+			opts:    deployOptions{imageChanged: true},
+			want:    client.CaddyDeploymentOptions{Placement: machines},
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "caddyfile flag overrides the current config",
+			current: service(api.LabelCaddyManaged),
+			opts:    deployOptions{caddyfile: "global.Caddyfile", caddyfileChanged: true},
+			config:  "{\n\tstorage redis\n}",
+			want:    client.CaddyDeploymentOptions{Config: new("{\n\tstorage redis\n}"), Placement: machines},
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "caddyfile flag with an empty file sets a custom empty config",
+			current: service(api.LabelCaddyManaged),
+			opts:    deployOptions{caddyfile: "empty.Caddyfile", caddyfileChanged: true},
+			want:    client.CaddyDeploymentOptions{Config: new(""), Placement: machines},
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "empty caddyfile flag resets to the default config",
+			current: service(api.LabelCaddyManaged, api.LabelCaddyConfigCustom),
+			opts:    deployOptions{caddyfileChanged: true},
+			want:    client.CaddyDeploymentOptions{Placement: machines},
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "machine flag overrides the current machines",
+			current: service(api.LabelCaddyManaged),
+			opts:    deployOptions{machines: []string{"m3,m4", "m5"}, machinesChanged: true},
+			want:    client.CaddyDeploymentOptions{Placement: api.Placement{Machines: []string{"m3", "m4", "m5"}}},
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "empty machine flag resets to all machines",
+			current: service(api.LabelCaddyManaged),
+			opts:    deployOptions{machines: []string{}, machinesChanged: true},
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "flags apply to a service that isn't managed",
+			current: service(),
+			opts: deployOptions{
+				image: "caddy:2", imageChanged: true,
+				caddyfile: "global.Caddyfile", caddyfileChanged: true,
+				machines: []string{"m3"}, machinesChanged: true,
+			},
+			config: customConfig,
+			want: client.CaddyDeploymentOptions{
+				Image:     "caddy:2",
+				Config:    new(customConfig),
+				Placement: api.Placement{Machines: []string{"m3"}},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.want, resolveDeploymentOptions(tt.current, tt.opts, tt.config))
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDeploymentWarnings(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	const (
+		defaultImage = client.CaddyImage + ":0.1.3"
+		customImage  = "example.com/caddy:1.2.3"
+		localConfig  = "{\n\tdebug\n}"
+		override     = "doesn't manage this caddy service yet"
+		storage      = "certificate storage changes from"
+		keepStorage  = "To keep the current storage"
+		module       = "must include the Uncloud storage module"
+	)
+	managed := map[string]string{api.LabelCaddyManaged: ""}
+
+	service := func(image, config string, labels map[string]string) api.ServiceSpec {
+		spec := api.ServiceSpec{
+			Name:      client.CaddyServiceName,
+			Container: api.ContainerSpec{Image: image},
+			Labels:    labels,
+		}
+		if config != "" {
+			spec.Caddy = &api.CaddySpec{Config: config}
+		}
+		return spec
+	}
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		current api.ServiceSpec
+		target  api.ServiceSpec
+		opts    deployOptions
+		want    []string
+		notWant []string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:    "new service with defaults has no warnings",
+			target:  service(defaultImage, client.DefaultCaddyConfig, managed),
+			notWant: []string{override, storage, module},
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "new service with a custom image",
+			target:  service(customImage, client.DefaultCaddyConfig, managed),
+			want:    []string{module},
+			notWant: []string{override, storage},
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "service that isn't managed moves to cluster storage",
+			current: service("caddy:2.11.4", "", nil),
+			target:  service(defaultImage, client.DefaultCaddyConfig, managed),
+			want:    []string{override, "from local to cluster", keepStorage},
+			notWant: []string{module},
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "service that isn't managed already uses cluster storage",
+			current: service(defaultImage, client.DefaultCaddyConfig, nil),
+			target:  service(defaultImage, client.DefaultCaddyConfig, managed),
+			want:    []string{override},
+			notWant: []string{storage, module},
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "managed service without changes has no warnings",
+			current: service(defaultImage, client.DefaultCaddyConfig, managed),
+			target:  service(defaultImage, client.DefaultCaddyConfig, managed),
+			notWant: []string{override, storage, module},
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "managed service upgrades the default image",
+			current: service(client.CaddyImage+":0.1.2", client.DefaultCaddyConfig, managed),
+			target:  service(defaultImage, client.DefaultCaddyConfig, managed),
+			notWant: []string{override, storage, module},
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "custom caddyfile moves to local storage",
+			current: service(defaultImage, client.DefaultCaddyConfig, managed),
+			target:  service(defaultImage, localConfig, managed),
+			opts:    deployOptions{caddyfile: "global.Caddyfile", caddyfileChanged: true},
+			want:    []string{"from cluster to local"},
+			notWant: []string{override, keepStorage, module},
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "other storage module is named",
+			current: service(defaultImage, "{\n\tstorage redis\n}", managed),
+			target:  service(defaultImage, client.DefaultCaddyConfig, managed),
+			want:    []string{"from 'redis' to cluster", keepStorage},
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "custom image is unchanged with the same config",
+			current: service(customImage, client.DefaultCaddyConfig, managed),
+			target:  service(customImage, client.DefaultCaddyConfig, managed),
+			notWant: []string{override, storage, module},
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "custom image receives a changed default config",
+			current: service(customImage, "{\n\tstorage uncloud\n\tdebug\n}", managed),
+			target:  service(customImage, client.DefaultCaddyConfig, managed),
+			want:    []string{module},
+			notWant: []string{override, storage},
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "custom image with local storage",
+			current: service(defaultImage, localConfig, managed),
+			target:  service(customImage, localConfig, managed),
+			notWant: []string{override, storage, module},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			warnings := strings.Join(deploymentWarnings(tt.current, tt.target, tt.opts), "\n")
+			for _, want := range tt.want {
+				assert.Contains(t, warnings, want)
+			}
+			for _, notWant := range tt.notWant {
+				assert.NotContains(t, warnings, notWant)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

cmd/uc/caddy/root.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package caddy
 
 import (
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/cmd/uc/caddy/cert"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
 
@@ -10,6 +11,7 @@ func NewRootCommand() *cobra.Command {
 		Short: "Manage Caddy reverse proxy service.",
 	}
 	cmd.AddCommand(
+		cert.NewRootCommand(),
 		NewConfigCommand(),
 		NewDeployCommand(),
 		NewLogsCommand(),

cmd/uc/context/show.go

@@ -22,15 +22,6 @@ func NewShowCommand() *cobra.Command {
 }
 
 func show(uncli *cli.CLI) error {
-	// discard errors, only show the current context, otherwise nothing
+	fmt.Println(uncli.ContextOverrideOrCurrent())
-	if uncli.Config == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	if len(uncli.Config.Contexts) == 0 {
-		return nil
-	}
-	fmt.Println(uncli.Config.CurrentContext)
-
 	return nil
 }

cmd/uc/deploy.go

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/client"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/client/compose"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/client/deploy"
-	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/client/deploy/operation"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/client/operation"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
 
@@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ const defaultFailedContainerLogsTail = 10
 // UNCLOUD_FAILED_CONTAINER_LOGS_TAIL environment variable override when set and valid.
 func failedContainerLogsTail() int {
 	if v := os.Getenv("UNCLOUD_FAILED_CONTAINER_LOGS_TAIL"); v != "" {
-		if tail, err := logs.Tail(v); err == nil && (tail == -1 || tail > 0) {
+		if tail, err := logs.ParseTail(v); err == nil && (tail == -1 || tail > 0) {
 			return tail
 		}
 	}

cmd/uc/dns/release.go

@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ func release(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI) error {
 		if status.Convert(err).Code() == codes.NotFound {
 			return errors.New("no domain reserved")
 		}
+		return fmt.Errorf("release cluster domain: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	fmt.Printf("Released cluster domain: %s\n", domain.Name)

cmd/uc/dns/reserve.go

@@ -49,7 +49,8 @@ func reserve(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts reserveOptions) error {
 	domain, err := clusterClient.ReserveDomain(ctx, &pb.ReserveDomainRequest{Endpoint: opts.endpoint})
 	if err != nil {
 		if status.Convert(err).Code() == codes.AlreadyExists {
-			return errors.New("domain already reserved")
+			return errors.New("cluster domain already configured, unset it with 'uc dns set \"\"' " +
+				"or release a reservation with 'uc dns release' first")
 		}
 		return err
 	}

cmd/uc/dns/root.go

@@ -7,16 +7,19 @@ import (
 func NewRootCommand() *cobra.Command {
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{
 		Use:   "dns",
-		Short: "Manage cluster domain in Uncloud DNS.",
+		Short: "Manage the cluster domain.",
-		Long: "Manage cluster domain in Uncloud DNS.\n" +
+		Long: "Manage the cluster domain.\n" +
 			"DNS commands allow you to reserve or release a unique 'xxxxxx.uncld.dev' domain for your " +
 			"cluster. When reserved, Caddy service deployments will automatically update DNS records to route " +
-			"traffic to the services in the cluster.",
+			"traffic to the services in the cluster.\n\n" +
+			"EXPERIMENTAL: Use 'uc dns set' to configure an externally managed domain instead. " +
+			"Uncloud does not manage DNS records for manually set domains.",
 	}
 	cmd.AddCommand(
 		NewReleaseCommand(),
 		NewReserveCommand(),
 		NewShowCommand(),
+		NewSetCommand(),
 	)
 	return cmd
 }

cmd/uc/dns/set.go

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+package dns
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/miekg/dns"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/api/pb"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli/tui"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/grpcversion"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/metadata"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/status"
+)
+
+func NewSetCommand() *cobra.Command {
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "set DOMAIN_NAME",
+		Args:  cobra.ExactArgs(1),
+		Short: "Set or unset an externally managed cluster domain (EXPERIMENTAL).",
+		Long: "EXPERIMENTAL: Set the cluster domain used to generate ingress hostnames for services.\n" +
+			"Configure wildcard DNS records for this domain with your DNS provider. " +
+			"Uncloud will not create, verify, update, or delete external DNS records.\n" +
+			"Pass an empty string to unset a manually set domain. " +
+			"Use 'uc dns release' to release a domain reserved in Uncloud DNS. " +
+			"Setting or unsetting the domain does not change existing service hostnames.",
+		Example: "  uc dns set apps.example.com\n  uc dns set \"\"",
+		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			uncli := cmd.Context().Value("cli").(*cli.CLI)
+			return set(cmd.Context(), uncli, args[0])
+		},
+	}
+
+	return cmd
+}
+
+func set(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, name string) error {
+	if name != "" {
+		if labels, ok := dns.IsDomainName(name); !ok || labels < 2 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("invalid cluster domain %q: must be a valid domain name with at least two labels", name)
+		}
+	}
+	tui.PrintWarning("Setting an externally managed cluster domain is experimental.")
+
+	clusterClient, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("connect to cluster: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer clusterClient.Close()
+
+	ctx = metadata.AppendToOutgoingContext(ctx, grpcversion.MetadataKeyMinServerVersion, "0.21.0")
+	_, err = clusterClient.SetDomain(ctx, &pb.SetDomainRequest{Name: name})
+	if err != nil {
+		if status.Convert(err).Code() == codes.AlreadyExists {
+			return errors.New("cluster domain already configured, unset it with 'uc dns set \"\"' or " +
+				"release a reservation with 'uc dns release' first")
+		}
+		return fmt.Errorf("set cluster domain: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if name == "" {
+		fmt.Println("Unset cluster domain. External DNS records have not been changed.")
+		return nil
+	}
+	fmt.Printf("Set cluster domain: %s\n", name)
+	fmt.Println("DNS is managed externally. " +
+		"Configure wildcard DNS records pointing to machines running the Caddy service.")
+	return nil
+}

cmd/uc/dns/show.go

@@ -33,11 +33,11 @@ func show(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI) error {
 	domain, err := clusterClient.GetDomain(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		if errors.Is(err, api.ErrNotFound) {
-			return errors.New("no domain reserved")
+			return errors.New("no cluster domain configured")
 		}
 		return err
 	}
 
-	fmt.Println(domain)
+	fmt.Println(domain.Name)
 	return nil
 }

cmd/uc/image/ls.go

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/charmbracelet/colorprofile"
 	"github.com/containerd/platforms"
 	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/image"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/pkg/stringid"
 	"github.com/docker/go-units"
 
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli"
@@ -90,10 +91,15 @@ func list(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts listOptions) error {
 
 	machines := cli.ExpandCommaSeparatedValues(opts.machines)
 
-	clusterImages, err := clusterClient.ListImages(ctx, api.ImageFilter{
+	var clusterImages []api.MachineImages
+	err = tui.RunSpinner(ctx, "Listing images...", func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		var err error
+		clusterImages, err = clusterClient.ListImages(ctx, api.ImageFilter{
 			Machines: machines,
 			Name:     opts.nameFilter,
 		})
+		return err
+	})
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("list images: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -102,7 +108,7 @@ func list(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts listOptions) error {
 	var rows []imageRow
 
 	for _, machineImages := range clusterImages {
-		if err := machineImages.Error(); err != nil {
+		if err := machineImages.Metadata.Err(); err != nil {
 			tui.PrintWarning(fmt.Sprintf("failed to list images on machine '%s': %s",
 				machineImages.Metadata.MachineName, err))
 			continue
@@ -116,49 +122,7 @@ func list(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts listOptions) error {
 			store = "containerd"
 		}
 
-		// Process each image for this machine.
+		rows = append(rows, imageRows(machineImages.Images, machineName, store)...)
-		for _, img := range machineImages.Images {
-			// Show the first 12 chars without 'sha256:' as the image ID like Docker does.
-			id := strings.TrimPrefix(img.ID, "sha256:")[:12]
-
-			name := "<none>"
-			if len(img.RepoTags) > 0 && img.RepoTags[0] != "<none>:<none>" {
-				name = img.RepoTags[0]
-			}
-
-			imgPlatforms, _ := imagePlatforms(img)
-			formattedPlatforms := formatPlatforms(imgPlatforms)
-
-			created := ""
-			createdAt := time.Unix(img.Created, 0)
-			if !createdAt.IsZero() {
-				created = units.HumanDuration(time.Now().UTC().Sub(createdAt)) + " ago"
-			}
-
-			size := units.HumanSizeWithPrecision(float64(img.Size), 3)
-
-			// Check if the image is in use by any containers. Only supported by Docker API >=1.51
-			inUse := "-"
-			if img.Containers != -1 { // -1 means the info is not available.
-				if img.Containers > 0 {
-					inUse = lipgloss.NewStyle().Foreground(lipgloss.Color("10")).Render("●")
-				} else {
-					inUse = lipgloss.NewStyle().Foreground(lipgloss.Color("8")).Render("○")
-				}
-			}
-
-			rows = append(rows, imageRow{
-				id:           id,
-				name:         name,
-				platforms:    formattedPlatforms,
-				createdHuman: created,
-				createdUnix:  img.Created,
-				size:         size,
-				inUse:        inUse,
-				store:        store,
-				machine:      machineName,
-			})
-		}
 	}
 
 	if len(rows) == 0 {
@@ -184,13 +148,55 @@ func list(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts listOptions) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// imageRows keeps every stored name visible and retains digest-only and unnamed images.
+func imageRows(images []image.Summary, machineName, store string) []imageRow {
+	var rows []imageRow
+	for _, img := range images {
+		// RepoTags includes stored digest names on containerd. RepoDigests can include derived names.
+		imageNames := img.RepoTags
+		if len(imageNames) == 0 {
+			imageNames = []string{"<untagged>"}
+		}
+
+		imgPlatforms, _ := imagePlatforms(img)
+		created := ""
+		if img.Created > 0 {
+			created = units.HumanDuration(time.Since(time.Unix(img.Created, 0))) + " ago"
+		}
+		// Check if the image is in use by any containers. Only supported by Docker API >=1.51
+		inUse := "-"
+		if img.Containers >= 0 { // -1 means the info is not available.
+			inUse = lipgloss.NewStyle().Foreground(lipgloss.Color("8")).Render("○")
+			if img.Containers > 0 {
+				inUse = lipgloss.NewStyle().Foreground(lipgloss.Color("10")).Render("●")
+			}
+		}
+
+		for _, name := range imageNames {
+			rows = append(rows, imageRow{
+				id:           stringid.TruncateID(img.ID),
+				name:         name,
+				platforms:    formatPlatforms(imgPlatforms),
+				createdHuman: created,
+				createdUnix:  img.Created,
+				size:         units.HumanSizeWithPrecision(float64(img.Size), 3),
+				inUse:        inUse,
+				store:        store,
+				machine:      machineName,
+			})
+		}
+	}
+
+	return rows
+}
+
 // imagePlatforms returns a list of platforms supported by the image and a boolean indicating if it's multi-platform.
 func imagePlatforms(img image.Summary) ([]string, bool) {
 	var formattedPlatforms []string
 	multiPlatform := false
 
 	for _, m := range img.Manifests {
-		if m.Kind != image.ManifestKindImage || !m.Available {
+		if m.Kind != image.ManifestKindImage || !m.Available || m.ImageData == nil {
 			continue
 		}
 

cmd/uc/image/rm.go

@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+package image
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+
+	"charm.land/lipgloss/v2"
+	"github.com/docker/compose/v2/pkg/progress"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli/completion"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli/tui"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+)
+
+type removeOptions struct {
+	machines []string
+	yes      bool
+}
+
+func NewRemoveCommand() *cobra.Command {
+	opts := removeOptions{}
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:     "rm IMAGE [IMAGE...]",
+		Aliases: []string{"remove", "delete"},
+		Short:   "Remove images from machines in the cluster.",
+		Long: `Remove images from all or selected machines in the cluster.
+
+An image name without a tag selects all its tags. Specify a tag, such as myapp:latest, to remove
+only that tag.
+
+Wildcard patterns are supported for image names and tags and should be quoted to prevent your
+shell from expanding them. Removing by image ID attempts to remove each name for that image
+independently.
+
+Images used by running or stopped containers cannot be removed. Unused tags can be removed even
+when the same image is used under another tag. Failed removals do not prevent other removals.`,
+		Example: `  # Remove a tag from all machines after confirming the plan.
+  uc image rm myapp:old
+
+  # Remove all tags for an image name from all machines.
+  uc image rm myapp
+
+  # Remove matching tags from two machines without confirmation.
+  uc image rm 'myapp:1.*' 'otherapp:*' -m machine1,machine2 --yes
+
+  # Remove all names for an image by ID from all machines.
+  uc image rm ee8fed0e9618`,
+		Args: cobra.MinimumNArgs(1),
+		PreRun: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+			cli.BindEnvToFlag(cmd, "yes", "UNCLOUD_AUTO_CONFIRM")
+		},
+		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			uncli := cmd.Context().Value("cli").(*cli.CLI)
+			return remove(cmd.Context(), uncli, args, opts)
+		},
+	}
+
+	cmd.Flags().StringSliceVarP(&opts.machines, "machine", "m", nil,
+		"Machine names or IDs to remove images from. Can be specified multiple times or as a comma-separated list.\n"+
+			"If not specified, the matching images will be removed from all machines.")
+	cmd.Flags().BoolVarP(&opts.yes, "yes", "y", false,
+		"Auto-confirm the removal plan. Should be explicitly set when running non-interactively,\n"+
+			"e.g., in CI/CD pipelines. [$UNCLOUD_AUTO_CONFIRM]")
+
+	completion.MachinesFlag(cmd)
+
+	return cmd
+}
+
+func remove(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, images []string, opts removeOptions) error {
+	clusterClient, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("connect to cluster: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer clusterClient.Close()
+
+	plan, err := planImageRemoval(ctx, clusterClient, images, cli.ExpandCommaSeparatedValues(opts.machines))
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("plan image removal: %w", err)
+	}
+	directConn := uncli.DirectConnection()
+	contextName := uncli.ContextOverrideOrCurrent()
+	cluster := ""
+	if directConn != "" {
+		cluster = directConn
+		lipgloss.Println(tui.Faint.Render("connection: ") + tui.NameStyle.Render(directConn))
+		lipgloss.Println()
+	} else if contextName != "" && len(uncli.Config.Contexts) > 1 {
+		// Only show context if there's more than one to avoid unnecessary clutter.
+		cluster = contextName
+		lipgloss.Println(tui.Faint.Render("context: ") + tui.NameStyle.Render(contextName))
+		lipgloss.Println()
+	}
+
+	lipgloss.Println(plan.Format())
+
+	if !opts.yes {
+		if !tui.IsTerminalAvailable() {
+			return errors.New("cannot ask to confirm image removal in non-interactive mode, " +
+				"use --yes flag or set UNCLOUD_AUTO_CONFIRM=true to auto-confirm")
+		}
+
+		title := "Proceed with image removal?"
+		if cluster != "" {
+			isDark := lipgloss.HasDarkBackground(os.Stdin, os.Stdout)
+			confirmStyle := tui.ThemeConfirm().Theme(isDark).Focused.Title
+			title = "Proceed with image removal on " + tui.NameStyle.Render(cluster) + confirmStyle.Render("?")
+		}
+
+		confirmed, err := tui.Confirm(title)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("confirm image removal: %w", err)
+		}
+		if !confirmed {
+			return cli.Cancelled("Image removal cancelled. No images were removed.")
+		}
+	}
+
+	untagged := make(map[string]bool)
+	var errs []error
+	for i, group := range plan.GroupPlans {
+		if i > 0 {
+			fmt.Println()
+		}
+
+		err := progress.RunWithTitle(ctx, func(ctx context.Context) error {
+			return group.Execute(ctx, clusterClient, untagged)
+		}, uncli.ProgressOut(), "Removing image "+group.Image)
+		if err != nil {
+			errs = append(errs, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return errors.Join(errs...)
+}

cmd/uc/image/rm_plan.go

@@ -0,0 +1,426 @@
+package image
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"path"
+	"regexp"
+	"slices"
+	"strings"
+
+	"charm.land/lipgloss/v2"
+	"github.com/distribution/reference"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/image"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/pkg/stringid"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli/tui"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/api"
+)
+
+var imageIDRegex = regexp.MustCompile(`^(sha256:)?[a-f0-9]{4,64}$`)
+
+// imageRemovalPlan contains all image removal operations grouped by the user-supplied image name, ID, or pattern.
+type imageRemovalPlan struct {
+	GroupPlans []*removeImageGroupPlan
+}
+
+func (p *imageRemovalPlan) IsEmpty() bool { return len(p.GroupPlans) == 0 }
+
+func (p *imageRemovalPlan) Format() string {
+	var out strings.Builder
+	machines := make(map[string]struct{})
+	removeCount := 0
+	for _, group := range p.GroupPlans {
+		out.WriteString(group.Format())
+		for _, op := range group.Operations {
+			machines[op.MachineName] = struct{}{}
+			removeCount++
+		}
+	}
+
+	summary := fmt.Sprintf("%s remove %s across %s %s",
+		tui.BoldRed.Render(fmt.Sprint(removeCount)),
+		tui.Faint.Render("·"),
+		tui.Bold.Render(fmt.Sprint(len(machines))),
+		pluralMachines(len(machines)),
+	)
+	out.WriteString("\n" + tui.Faint.Render(strings.Repeat("─", lipgloss.Width(summary))) + "\n" + summary + "\n")
+
+	return out.String()
+}
+
+func pluralMachines(count int) string {
+	if count == 1 {
+		return "machine"
+	}
+	return "machines"
+}
+
+// Execute applies the frozen plan, collecting failures without discovering new targets.
+func (p *imageRemovalPlan) Execute(ctx context.Context, cli api.ImageClient) error {
+	untagged := make(map[string]bool)
+	var errs []error
+	for _, group := range p.GroupPlans {
+		if err := group.Execute(ctx, cli, untagged); err != nil {
+			errs = append(errs, err)
+		}
+	}
+	return errors.Join(errs...)
+}
+
+// removeImageGroupPlan groups removals for one image name, ID, or pattern supplied by the user.
+type removeImageGroupPlan struct {
+	// Image is the image name, ID, or pattern supplied by the user.
+	Image      string
+	Operations []*removeImageOperation
+}
+
+func (o *removeImageGroupPlan) Execute(ctx context.Context, cli api.ImageClient, untagged map[string]bool) error {
+	var errs []error
+	for _, op := range o.Operations {
+		if err := ctx.Err(); err != nil {
+			return errors.Join(append(errs, err)...)
+		}
+		if err := op.Execute(ctx, cli, untagged); err != nil {
+			errs = append(errs, err)
+		}
+	}
+	return errors.Join(errs...)
+}
+
+func (o *removeImageGroupPlan) Format() string {
+	var out strings.Builder
+	out.WriteString(tui.BoldRed.Render("-") + " remove image " + tui.NameStyle.Render(o.Image) + "\n")
+	for i, op := range o.Operations {
+		branch := "  ├── "
+		if i == len(o.Operations)-1 {
+			branch = "  ╰── "
+		}
+		out.WriteString(tui.Faint.Render(branch) + op.Format() + "\n")
+	}
+	return out.String()
+}
+
+func (o *removeImageGroupPlan) String() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("removeImageGroupPlan[image=%s]", o.Image)
+}
+
+// removeImageOperation removes an image name or an unnamed image by ID on a machine.
+type removeImageOperation struct {
+	MachineName string
+	ImageID     string
+	// Image is the exact image name or ID sent to Docker.
+	Image string
+}
+
+func (o *removeImageOperation) Execute(ctx context.Context, cli api.ImageClient, untagged map[string]bool) error {
+	if untagged[o.MachineName+"\x00"+o.Image] {
+		return nil
+	}
+	results, err := cli.RemoveImage(ctx, o.Image, api.RemoveImageOptions{Machines: []string{o.MachineName}})
+	// A removal may also untag other planned names. Track actual results across all groups, per machine.
+	for _, result := range results {
+		for _, removal := range result.Results {
+			if removal.Untagged != "" {
+				untagged[result.Metadata.MachineName+"\x00"+removal.Untagged] = true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if errors.Is(err, api.ErrNotFound) {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("remove image '%s': %w", o.Image, err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (o *removeImageOperation) Format() string {
+	return tui.BoldRed.Render("-") + " " + tui.FormatImage(o.Image, tui.NoStyle) +
+		tui.Faint.Render(" ("+stringid.TruncateID(o.ImageID)+") on ") + o.MachineName
+}
+
+func (o *removeImageOperation) String() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("removeImageOperation[machine_name=%s image=%s]", o.MachineName, o.Image)
+}
+
+type machineImageInventory struct {
+	machineName string
+	images      []image.Summary
+}
+
+// planImageRemoval builds a removal plan grouped by input argument from images on the selected machines.
+// An empty machines list selects all machines.
+//
+// Arguments expand as follows:
+//   - Name: without a tag or digest, select all stored names in that exact repository across image IDs.
+//     An explicit tag selects only that tag. Familiar names are normalised.
+//   - ID: select all RepoTags for the matching image, or its full ID if unnamed. A prefix must identify
+//     one unique full ID across the selected machines.
+//   - Pattern: match RepoTags only. A matching digest also selects that image's names in the same repository.
+//   - Digest: resolve through RepoTags, RepoDigests, or the image ID, then select that image's names in
+//     the same repository. If none exist but RepoDigests contains the reference, select the digest itself.
+//
+// Selecting all tags for a repository/image on a machine also adds its stored digest references after
+// the tags, even if those digests did not match an argument. Stored names are kept as is, and overlapping
+// selections produce only one operation per machine and name.
+//
+// Failed image listings produce warnings and exclude those machines from the plan. If no machine can
+// be queried, planning fails. Every argument must match on a successfully queried machine. Unmatched
+// or invalid arguments and ambiguous ID prefixes reject the whole plan before any removal.
+//
+// Planning does not check container usage. The backend checks each removal during execution, and failures
+// do not stop other operations. Tag removal may implicitly untag a used digest. Execution skips names
+// already untagged by earlier operations and tolerates names that disappeared after planning.
+func planImageRemoval(ctx context.Context, cli api.ImageClient, images, machines []string) (*imageRemovalPlan, error) {
+	if len(images) == 0 {
+		return nil, errors.New("at least one image is required")
+	}
+
+	var clusterImages []api.MachineImages
+	err := tui.RunSpinner(ctx, "Finding images to remove...", func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		var err error
+		clusterImages, err = cli.ListImages(ctx, api.ImageFilter{Machines: machines})
+		return err
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("list images: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	var inventory []*machineImageInventory
+	for _, machineImages := range clusterImages {
+		if err := machineImages.Metadata.Err(); err != nil {
+			tui.PrintWarning(fmt.Sprintf("failed to list images on machine '%s': %s",
+				machineImages.Metadata.MachineName, err))
+			continue
+		}
+		machine := &machineImageInventory{
+			machineName: machineImages.Metadata.MachineName,
+			images:      machineImages.Images,
+		}
+		inventory = append(inventory, machine)
+	}
+	if len(inventory) == 0 {
+		return nil, errors.New("failed to list images on any machine")
+	}
+
+	return planImageRemovalFromInventory(images, inventory)
+}
+
+func planImageRemovalFromInventory(images []string, inventory []*machineImageInventory) (*imageRemovalPlan, error) {
+	plan := &imageRemovalPlan{}
+	seen := make(map[string]bool)
+	var errs []error
+	for _, imageArg := range images {
+		group := &removeImageGroupPlan{Image: imageArg}
+		isID := imageIDRegex.MatchString(imageArg)
+		isPattern := strings.ContainsAny(imageArg, "*?[")
+		var namedRef reference.Named
+		if isPattern {
+			if _, err := path.Match(imageArg, ""); err != nil {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid image pattern '%s': %w", imageArg, err)
+			}
+		} else if !isID {
+			var err error
+			namedRef, err = reference.ParseNormalizedNamed(imageArg)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid image '%s': %w", imageArg, err)
+			}
+		}
+		if isID {
+			matches := make(map[string]bool)
+			for _, machine := range inventory {
+				for _, img := range machine.images {
+					if imageIDMatches(img.ID, imageArg) {
+						matches[img.ID] = true
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			if len(matches) > 1 {
+				var candidates []string
+				for id := range matches {
+					candidates = append(candidates, id)
+				}
+				slices.Sort(candidates)
+				errs = append(errs,
+					fmt.Errorf("image ID '%s' is ambiguous: %s", imageArg, strings.Join(candidates, ", ")))
+				continue
+			}
+		}
+
+		matched := false
+		for _, machine := range inventory {
+			for _, img := range machine.images {
+				var imagesToRemove []string
+				switch {
+				case isID:
+					if !imageIDMatches(img.ID, imageArg) {
+						continue
+					}
+					matched = true
+					// Expand only stored names, matching uc image ls. RepoDigests remains available for digest lookup.
+					imagesToRemove = img.RepoTags
+					if len(imagesToRemove) == 0 {
+						imagesToRemove = []string{img.ID}
+					}
+				case isPattern:
+					for _, ref := range img.RepoTags {
+						if ok, _ := path.Match(imageArg, ref); ok {
+							named, _ := reference.ParseDockerRef(ref)
+							if _, digest := named.(reference.Canonical); digest {
+								imagesToRemove = append(imagesToRemove,
+									imageRepositoryReferences(img.RepoTags, named.Name())...)
+							} else {
+								imagesToRemove = append(imagesToRemove, ref)
+							}
+						}
+					}
+				case reference.IsNameOnly(namedRef):
+					imagesToRemove = imageRepositoryReferences(img.RepoTags, namedRef.Name())
+				default:
+					if canonical, digest := namedRef.(reference.Canonical); digest {
+						ref := reference.FamiliarString(namedRef)
+						if canonical.Digest().String() != img.ID && !slices.Contains(img.RepoTags, ref) &&
+							!slices.Contains(img.RepoDigests, ref) {
+							continue
+						}
+						imagesToRemove = imageRepositoryReferences(img.RepoTags, namedRef.Name())
+						if len(imagesToRemove) == 0 && slices.Contains(img.RepoDigests, ref) {
+							// An explicitly requested digest can resolve even when no stored name is listed.
+							imagesToRemove = []string{ref}
+						}
+					} else if slices.Contains(img.RepoTags, reference.FamiliarString(namedRef)) {
+						imagesToRemove = []string{reference.FamiliarString(namedRef)}
+					}
+				}
+				for _, ref := range imagesToRemove {
+					matched = true
+					key := machine.machineName + "\x00" + ref
+					if !seen[key] {
+						seen[key] = true
+						group.Operations = append(group.Operations, &removeImageOperation{
+							MachineName: machine.machineName, ImageID: img.ID, Image: ref,
+						})
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		if !matched {
+			errs = append(errs, fmt.Errorf("image '%s' not found on any machine", imageArg))
+		}
+		slices.SortFunc(group.Operations, compareImageRemovalOperations)
+		if len(group.Operations) > 0 {
+			plan.GroupPlans = append(plan.GroupPlans, group)
+		}
+	}
+
+	planDigestRemovals(plan, inventory)
+	if err := errors.Join(errs...); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return plan, nil
+}
+
+func imageRepositoryReferences(refs []string, repository string) []string {
+	var matches []string
+	for _, ref := range refs {
+		if named, err := reference.ParseDockerRef(ref); err == nil && named.Name() == repository {
+			matches = append(matches, ref)
+		}
+	}
+	return matches
+}
+
+// planDigestRemovals includes stored digests with the group removing their last repository tag.
+// RepoDigests also contains synthesised references, so only digest names stored in RepoTags get operations here.
+func planDigestRemovals(plan *imageRemovalPlan, inventory []*machineImageInventory) {
+	type repository struct {
+		remainingTags int
+		digests       []string
+	}
+	repositories := make(map[string]*repository)
+	for _, machine := range inventory {
+		for _, img := range machine.images {
+			names := slices.Clone(img.RepoTags)
+			slices.Sort(names)
+			for _, ref := range slices.Compact(names) {
+				named, err := reference.ParseDockerRef(ref)
+				if err != nil {
+					continue
+				}
+				key := machine.machineName + "\x00" + img.ID + "\x00" + named.Name()
+				repo := repositories[key]
+				if repo == nil {
+					repo = &repository{}
+					repositories[key] = repo
+				}
+				if _, tagged := named.(reference.Tagged); tagged {
+					repo.remainingTags++
+				} else if _, digest := named.(reference.Canonical); digest {
+					repo.digests = append(repo.digests, ref)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	emitted := make(map[string]bool)
+	var groups []*removeImageGroupPlan
+	for _, group := range plan.GroupPlans {
+		var operations []*removeImageOperation
+		for _, op := range group.Operations {
+			key := op.MachineName + "\x00" + op.Image
+			if emitted[key] {
+				continue
+			}
+			emitted[key] = true
+			operations = append(operations, op)
+			named, err := reference.ParseDockerRef(op.Image)
+			if err != nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			if _, tagged := named.(reference.Tagged); !tagged {
+				continue
+			}
+			repo := repositories[op.MachineName+"\x00"+op.ImageID+"\x00"+named.Name()]
+			if repo == nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			repo.remainingTags--
+			if repo.remainingTags != 0 {
+				continue
+			}
+			for _, digest := range repo.digests {
+				key := op.MachineName + "\x00" + digest
+				if !emitted[key] {
+					emitted[key] = true
+					operations = append(operations, &removeImageOperation{
+						MachineName: op.MachineName, ImageID: op.ImageID, Image: digest,
+					})
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		group.Operations = operations
+		slices.SortFunc(group.Operations, compareImageRemovalOperations)
+		if len(group.Operations) > 0 {
+			groups = append(groups, group)
+		}
+	}
+	plan.GroupPlans = groups
+}
+
+func compareImageRemovalOperations(a, b *removeImageOperation) int {
+	aDigest, bDigest := strings.Contains(a.Image, "@"), strings.Contains(b.Image, "@")
+	if aDigest != bDigest {
+		if aDigest {
+			return 1
+		}
+		return -1
+	}
+	if c := strings.Compare(a.Image, b.Image); c != 0 {
+		return c
+	}
+	return strings.Compare(a.MachineName, b.MachineName)
+}
+
+func imageIDMatches(id, prefix string) bool {
+	return strings.HasPrefix(strings.TrimPrefix(id, "sha256:"), strings.TrimPrefix(prefix, "sha256:"))
+}

cmd/uc/image/rm_plan_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,405 @@
+package image
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/image"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestPlanImageRemovalFromInventory_Selectors(t *testing.T) {
+	idA, idB := testImageID("a"), testImageID("b")
+	digestRef := "myapp@" + testImageID("c")
+	tests := []struct {
+		name      string
+		selector  string
+		inventory []*machineImageInventory
+		want      []removeImageOperation
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "repository selects all stored names across images and machines", selector: "myapp",
+			inventory: []*machineImageInventory{
+				testMachineInventory("dev1", []image.Summary{
+					testImage(idA, "myapp:old", "other:keep"),
+					testImage(idB, "myapp:latest"),
+					testImage(testImageID("c"), digestRef),
+					testImage(testImageID("d"), "myapp-extra:latest", "team/myapp:latest", "myapp/worker:latest"),
+				}),
+				testMachineInventory("machine2", []image.Summary{testImage(idB, "myapp:test")}),
+			},
+			want: []removeImageOperation{
+				{MachineName: "dev1", ImageID: idB, Image: "myapp:latest"},
+				{MachineName: "dev1", ImageID: idA, Image: "myapp:old"},
+				{MachineName: "machine2", ImageID: idB, Image: "myapp:test"},
+				{MachineName: "dev1", ImageID: testImageID("c"), Image: digestRef},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "repository without latest includes its tags and stored digest", selector: "myapp",
+			inventory: []*machineImageInventory{testMachineInventory("dev1", []image.Summary{
+				testImage(idA, "myapp:old", digestRef, "other:keep"),
+			})},
+			want: []removeImageOperation{
+				{MachineName: "dev1", ImageID: idA, Image: "myapp:old"},
+				{MachineName: "dev1", ImageID: idA, Image: digestRef},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "explicit latest selects only that tag", selector: "myapp:latest",
+			inventory: []*machineImageInventory{testMachineInventory("dev1", []image.Summary{
+				testImage(idA, "myapp:old", "myapp:latest", digestRef),
+			})},
+			want: []removeImageOperation{{MachineName: "dev1", ImageID: idA, Image: "myapp:latest"}},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "qualified repository selects familiar names", selector: "docker.io/library/myapp",
+			inventory: []*machineImageInventory{testMachineInventory("dev1", []image.Summary{
+				testImage(idA, "myapp:old", "myapp:latest", "other:keep"),
+			})},
+			want: []removeImageOperation{
+				{MachineName: "dev1", ImageID: idA, Image: "myapp:latest"},
+				{MachineName: "dev1", ImageID: idA, Image: "myapp:old"},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "registry port does not count as an explicit tag", selector: "registry.example.com:5000/team/myapp",
+			inventory: []*machineImageInventory{testMachineInventory("dev1", []image.Summary{
+				testImage(idA, "registry.example.com:5000/team/myapp:old", "registry.example.com:5000/team/myapp:new",
+					"registry.example.com:5001/team/myapp:keep", "registry.example.com:5000/team/myapp/worker:keep"),
+			})},
+			want: []removeImageOperation{
+				{MachineName: "dev1", ImageID: idA, Image: "registry.example.com:5000/team/myapp:new"},
+				{MachineName: "dev1", ImageID: idA, Image: "registry.example.com:5000/team/myapp:old"},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "explicit tag with registry port stays exact", selector: "registry.example.com:5000/team/myapp:old",
+			inventory: []*machineImageInventory{testMachineInventory("dev1", []image.Summary{
+				testImage(idA, "registry.example.com:5000/team/myapp:old", "registry.example.com:5000/team/myapp:new"),
+			})},
+			want: []removeImageOperation{{MachineName: "dev1", ImageID: idA, Image: "registry.example.com:5000/team/myapp:old"}},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "tag uses each machines local image and allows missing copies", selector: "myapp:old",
+			inventory: []*machineImageInventory{
+				testMachineInventory("machine2", []image.Summary{testImage(idB, "myapp:old")}),
+				testMachineInventory("empty", nil),
+				testMachineInventory("dev1", []image.Summary{testImage(idA, "myapp:old")}),
+			},
+			want: []removeImageOperation{
+				{MachineName: "dev1", ImageID: idA, Image: "myapp:old"},
+				{MachineName: "machine2", ImageID: idB, Image: "myapp:old"},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "qualified names use familiar references", selector: "docker.io/library/myapp:old",
+			inventory: []*machineImageInventory{testMachineInventory("dev1", []image.Summary{
+				testImage(idA, "myapp:old"),
+			})},
+			want: []removeImageOperation{{MachineName: "dev1", ImageID: idA, Image: "myapp:old"}},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "full ID expands all repositories and deduplicates references per machine", selector: idA,
+			inventory: []*machineImageInventory{
+				testMachineInventory("dev1", []image.Summary{
+					{
+						ID:       idA,
+						RepoTags: []string{"other:keep", "myapp:old", "myapp:old", digestRef, "other@" + testImageID("c")},
+						RepoDigests: []string{
+							digestRef, "other@" + testImageID("c"), "other@" + testImageID("c"), testImageID("c"),
+						},
+					},
+					testImage(idB, "unrelated:keep"),
+				}),
+				testMachineInventory("machine2", []image.Summary{{
+					ID: idA, RepoTags: []string{"myapp:old", digestRef}, RepoDigests: []string{digestRef},
+				}}),
+			},
+			want: []removeImageOperation{
+				{MachineName: "dev1", ImageID: idA, Image: "myapp:old"},
+				{MachineName: "machine2", ImageID: idA, Image: "myapp:old"},
+				{MachineName: "dev1", ImageID: idA, Image: "other:keep"},
+				{MachineName: "dev1", ImageID: idA, Image: digestRef},
+				{MachineName: "machine2", ImageID: idA, Image: digestRef},
+				{MachineName: "dev1", ImageID: idA, Image: "other@" + testImageID("c")},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "same full ID on multiple machines is unambiguous", selector: "aaaaaaaa",
+			inventory: []*machineImageInventory{
+				testMachineInventory("dev1", []image.Summary{testImage(idA, "myapp:old")}),
+				testMachineInventory("dev1", []image.Summary{testImage(idB, "myapp:latest")}),
+				testMachineInventory("machine2", []image.Summary{testImage(idA, "other:test")}),
+			},
+			want: []removeImageOperation{
+				{MachineName: "dev1", ImageID: idA, Image: "myapp:old"},
+				{MachineName: "machine2", ImageID: idA, Image: "other:test"},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "short ID with algorithm prefix", selector: "sha256:aaaaaaaa",
+			inventory: []*machineImageInventory{testMachineInventory("dev1",
+				[]image.Summary{testImage(idA, "myapp:old")})},
+			want: []removeImageOperation{{MachineName: "dev1", ImageID: idA, Image: "myapp:old"}},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "unnamed image is removed by its full ID", selector: idA,
+			inventory: []*machineImageInventory{testMachineInventory("dev1", []image.Summary{{ID: idA}})},
+			want:      []removeImageOperation{{MachineName: "dev1", ImageID: idA, Image: idA}},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "ID expands only stored names", selector: idA,
+			inventory: []*machineImageInventory{testMachineInventory("dev1", []image.Summary{{
+				ID: idA, RepoTags: []string{"myapp:latest"},
+				RepoDigests: []string{"myapp@" + idA, "other@" + idA},
+			}})},
+			want: []removeImageOperation{{MachineName: "dev1", ImageID: idA, Image: "myapp:latest"}},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "ID removes an untagged image by ID even if RepoDigests is populated", selector: idA,
+			inventory: []*machineImageInventory{testMachineInventory("dev1", []image.Summary{{
+				ID: idA, RepoDigests: []string{digestRef},
+			}})},
+			want: []removeImageOperation{{MachineName: "dev1", ImageID: idA, Image: idA}},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "synthesized digest selects repository tags without a digest row", selector: digestRef,
+			inventory: []*machineImageInventory{testMachineInventory("dev1", []image.Summary{{
+				ID: idA, RepoTags: []string{"myapp:old", "other:keep", "myapp:latest"},
+				RepoDigests: []string{digestRef, "other@" + testImageID("c")},
+			}})},
+			want: []removeImageOperation{
+				{MachineName: "dev1", ImageID: idA, Image: "myapp:latest"},
+				{MachineName: "dev1", ImageID: idA, Image: "myapp:old"},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "explicit digest lookup works without stored names", selector: digestRef,
+			inventory: []*machineImageInventory{testMachineInventory("dev1", []image.Summary{{
+				ID: idA, RepoDigests: []string{digestRef},
+			}})},
+			want: []removeImageOperation{{MachineName: "dev1", ImageID: idA, Image: digestRef}},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "synthesized digest resolves by target and repository even if not listed", selector: "myapp@" + idA,
+			inventory: []*machineImageInventory{testMachineInventory("dev1", []image.Summary{{
+				ID: idA, RepoTags: []string{"myapp:old", "other:keep"}, RepoDigests: []string{"other@" + idA},
+			}})},
+			want: []removeImageOperation{{MachineName: "dev1", ImageID: idA, Image: "myapp:old"}},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "stored digest follows its repository tags", selector: digestRef,
+			inventory: []*machineImageInventory{testMachineInventory("dev1", []image.Summary{
+				testImage(idA, "myapp:old", "myapp:latest", digestRef, "other:keep"),
+				testImage(idB, "myapp@"+idB),
+			})},
+			want: []removeImageOperation{
+				{MachineName: "dev1", ImageID: idA, Image: "myapp:latest"},
+				{MachineName: "dev1", ImageID: idA, Image: "myapp:old"},
+				{MachineName: "dev1", ImageID: idA, Image: digestRef},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "digest pattern also expands matching repository tags", selector: "myapp@sha256:c*",
+			inventory: []*machineImageInventory{testMachineInventory("dev1", []image.Summary{
+				testImage(idA, "myapp:old", "myapp:latest", digestRef, "other:keep"),
+				testImage(idB, "myapp@"+idB),
+			})},
+			want: []removeImageOperation{
+				{MachineName: "dev1", ImageID: idA, Image: "myapp:latest"},
+				{MachineName: "dev1", ImageID: idA, Image: "myapp:old"},
+				{MachineName: "dev1", ImageID: idA, Image: digestRef},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "digest pattern matches stored names and ignores derived names", selector: "myapp@sha256:*",
+			inventory: []*machineImageInventory{testMachineInventory("dev1", []image.Summary{
+				testImage(idA, "myapp:old", digestRef),
+				{ID: idB, RepoTags: []string{"myapp:latest"}, RepoDigests: []string{"myapp@" + idB}},
+			})},
+			want: []removeImageOperation{
+				{MachineName: "dev1", ImageID: idA, Image: "myapp:old"},
+				{MachineName: "dev1", ImageID: idA, Image: digestRef},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "last repository tag includes its stored digest", selector: "myapp:old",
+			inventory: []*machineImageInventory{testMachineInventory("dev1", []image.Summary{
+				testImage(idA, "myapp:old", digestRef, "other:keep"),
+			})},
+			want: []removeImageOperation{
+				{MachineName: "dev1", ImageID: idA, Image: "myapp:old"},
+				{MachineName: "dev1", ImageID: idA, Image: digestRef},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "last tag does not add a synthesized digest row", selector: "myapp:old",
+			inventory: []*machineImageInventory{testMachineInventory("dev1", []image.Summary{{
+				ID: idA, RepoTags: []string{"myapp:old", "other:keep"}, RepoDigests: []string{digestRef},
+			}})},
+			want: []removeImageOperation{{MachineName: "dev1", ImageID: idA, Image: "myapp:old"}},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "remaining repository tag preserves its stored digest", selector: "myapp:old",
+			inventory: []*machineImageInventory{testMachineInventory("dev1", []image.Summary{
+				testImage(idA, "myapp:old", "myapp:latest", digestRef),
+			})},
+			want: []removeImageOperation{{MachineName: "dev1", ImageID: idA, Image: "myapp:old"}},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "digest without repository tags remains executable", selector: digestRef,
+			inventory: []*machineImageInventory{testMachineInventory("dev1", []image.Summary{
+				testImage(idA, digestRef, "other:keep"),
+			})},
+			want: []removeImageOperation{{MachineName: "dev1", ImageID: idA, Image: digestRef}},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "digest-only image keeps its named reference", selector: idA,
+			inventory: []*machineImageInventory{testMachineInventory("dev1", []image.Summary{{
+				ID: idA, RepoTags: []string{digestRef}, RepoDigests: []string{digestRef, testImageID("c")},
+			}})},
+			want: []removeImageOperation{{MachineName: "dev1", ImageID: idA, Image: digestRef}},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "tag pattern selects only matching tags", selector: "myapp:1.[12]",
+			inventory: []*machineImageInventory{testMachineInventory("dev1", []image.Summary{{
+				ID: idA, RepoTags: []string{"myapp:1.3", "myapp:1.2", "myapp:1.1"}, RepoDigests: []string{digestRef},
+			}})},
+			want: []removeImageOperation{
+				{MachineName: "dev1", ImageID: idA, Image: "myapp:1.1"},
+				{MachineName: "dev1", ImageID: idA, Image: "myapp:1.2"},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			plan, err := planImageRemovalFromInventory([]string{tt.selector}, tt.inventory)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			require.Len(t, plan.GroupPlans, 1)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.selector, plan.GroupPlans[0].Image)
+
+			var got []removeImageOperation
+			for _, op := range plan.GroupPlans[0].Operations {
+				got = append(got, *op)
+			}
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.want, got)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPlanImageRemovalFromInventory_OverlappingSelectors(t *testing.T) {
+	inventory := []*machineImageInventory{
+		testMachineInventory("dev1", []image.Summary{testImage(testImageID("a"), "myapp:old", "myapp:latest")}),
+		testMachineInventory("machine2", []image.Summary{testImage(testImageID("b"), "myapp:test", "myapp:old")}),
+	}
+
+	plan, err := planImageRemovalFromInventory([]string{"myapp:old", "myapp", "myapp:*", testImageID("a"), "myapp:old"},
+		inventory)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, &imageRemovalPlan{GroupPlans: []*removeImageGroupPlan{
+		{Image: "myapp:old", Operations: []*removeImageOperation{
+			{MachineName: "dev1", ImageID: testImageID("a"), Image: "myapp:old"},
+			{MachineName: "machine2", ImageID: testImageID("b"), Image: "myapp:old"},
+		}},
+		{Image: "myapp", Operations: []*removeImageOperation{
+			{MachineName: "dev1", ImageID: testImageID("a"), Image: "myapp:latest"},
+			{MachineName: "machine2", ImageID: testImageID("b"), Image: "myapp:test"},
+		}},
+	}}, plan, "the first selector owns each removal and empty groups are omitted")
+}
+
+func TestPlanImageRemovalFromInventory_DigestFollowsLastTagAcrossSelectors(t *testing.T) {
+	imageID := testImageID("a")
+	digestRef := "myapp@" + imageID
+	inventory := []*machineImageInventory{testMachineInventory("dev1", []image.Summary{
+		testImage(imageID, "myapp:old", "myapp:latest", "myapp:old", digestRef, digestRef, "other:keep"),
+	})}
+
+	plan, err := planImageRemovalFromInventory([]string{"myapp:old", "myapp:latest", digestRef}, inventory)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, &imageRemovalPlan{GroupPlans: []*removeImageGroupPlan{
+		{Image: "myapp:old", Operations: []*removeImageOperation{
+			{MachineName: "dev1", ImageID: imageID, Image: "myapp:old"},
+		}},
+		{Image: "myapp:latest", Operations: []*removeImageOperation{
+			{MachineName: "dev1", ImageID: imageID, Image: "myapp:latest"},
+			{MachineName: "dev1", ImageID: imageID, Image: digestRef},
+		}},
+	}}, plan, "digest cleanup belongs to the last tag removal, so the later digest selector has no extra operation")
+}
+
+func TestPlanImageRemovalFromInventory_RejectsInvalidOrMissingSelectors(t *testing.T) {
+	idA := "sha256:abcdef" + strings.Repeat("a", 58)
+	idB := "sha256:abcdef" + strings.Repeat("b", 58)
+	inventory := []*machineImageInventory{
+		testMachineInventory("dev1", []image.Summary{{
+			ID: idA, RepoTags: []string{"myapp:old"}, RepoDigests: []string{"myapp@" + idA, "derived@" + idA},
+		}}),
+		testMachineInventory("machine2", []image.Summary{{ID: idB, RepoTags: []string{"myapp:old"}}}),
+	}
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name   string
+		images []string
+		err    string
+	}{
+		{"missing repository", []string{"missing"}, "not found"},
+		{"repository only has a derived digest", []string{"derived"}, "not found"},
+		{"missing tag", []string{"myapp:missing"}, "not found"},
+		{"missing pattern", []string{"other:*"}, "not found"},
+		{"pattern only matches a derived digest", []string{"myapp@sha256:*"}, "not found"},
+		{"missing ID", []string{testImageID("c")}, "not found"},
+		{"ambiguous ID prefix", []string{"abcdef"}, "ambiguous"},
+		{"invalid name", []string{"MyApp:old"}, "invalid image"},
+		{"invalid pattern", []string{"myapp:["}, "invalid image pattern"},
+		{"one missing selector rejects the whole plan", []string{"myapp:old", "myapp:missing"}, "not found"},
+		{"one invalid selector rejects the whole plan", []string{"myapp:old", "myapp:["}, "invalid image pattern"},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			plan, err := planImageRemovalFromInventory(tt.images, inventory)
+			require.ErrorContains(t, err, tt.err)
+			assert.Nil(t, plan, "a failed selector must not return a partial plan")
+		})
+	}
+
+	t.Run("ID prefix resolves within the supplied machines", func(t *testing.T) {
+		plan, err := planImageRemovalFromInventory([]string{"abcdef"}, inventory[:1])
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Len(t, plan.GroupPlans, 1)
+		require.Len(t, plan.GroupPlans[0].Operations, 1)
+		assert.Equal(t, idA, plan.GroupPlans[0].Operations[0].ImageID)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestPlanImageRemovalFromInventory_InUseImagesAreStillPlanned(t *testing.T) {
+	img := testImage(testImageID("a"), "myapp:old", "myapp:current")
+	img.Containers = 1
+
+	for _, selector := range []string{"myapp", "myapp:current", img.ID, "myapp:*"} {
+		t.Run(selector, func(t *testing.T) {
+			plan, err := planImageRemovalFromInventory([]string{selector}, []*machineImageInventory{
+				testMachineInventory("dev1", []image.Summary{img}),
+			})
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.False(t, plan.IsEmpty(), "usage protection belongs to the backend at execution time")
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func testImageID(char string) string { return "sha256:" + strings.Repeat(char, 64) }
+
+func testImage(imageID string, tags ...string) image.Summary {
+	return image.Summary{ID: imageID, RepoTags: tags}
+}
+
+func testMachineInventory(name string, images []image.Summary) *machineImageInventory {
+	return &machineImageInventory{machineName: name, images: images}
+}

cmd/uc/image/root.go

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ func NewRootCommand() *cobra.Command {
 	cmd.AddCommand(
 		NewListCommand(),
 		NewPushCommand(),
+		NewRemoveCommand(),
 	)
 
 	return cmd

cmd/uc/machine/add.go

@@ -187,14 +187,12 @@ func add(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, remoteMachine *cli.RemoteMachine,
 	}
 	fmt.Println("Machine joined the cluster.")
 
-	// TODO: scale the existing Caddy service to the new machine instead of running a new deployment
+	// Deploy the current caddy service spec to run a container on the added machine. This keeps the service
-	//  that may cause a small downtime.
+	// configuration however it was deployed and shouldn't change the containers on other machines if specs on them
-	// Deploy a Caddy service container to the added machine. If caddy service is already deployed on other machines,
+	// haven't diverged.
-	// use the deployed image version.
 	// NOTE: We use the cluster client to inspect and scale the Caddy service because the newly added machine may have
 	// issues accessing the API of existing machines in the cluster.
 	// See the issue for more details: https://github.com/psviderski/uncloud/issues/65.
-	caddyImage := ""
 	caddySvc, err := clusterClient.InspectService(ctx, client.CaddyServiceName)
 	if err != nil {
 		if errors.Is(err, api.ErrNotFound) {
@@ -203,26 +201,10 @@ func add(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, remoteMachine *cli.RemoteMachine,
 		}
 		return fmt.Errorf("inspect caddy service: %w", err)
 	}
-	caddyImage = caddySvc.Containers[0].Container.Config.Image
-	// Find the latest created container and use its image.
-	var latestCreated time.Time
-	for _, c := range caddySvc.Containers[1:] {
-		created, err := time.Parse(time.RFC3339Nano, c.Container.Created)
-		if err != nil {
-			continue
-		}
-		if created.After(latestCreated) {
-			latestCreated = created
-			caddyImage = c.Container.Config.Image
-		}
-	}
 
 	fmt.Println()
 	fmt.Println("Preparing Caddy deployment...")
-	d, err := clusterClient.NewCaddyDeployment(caddyImage, "", api.Placement{})
+	d := clusterClient.NewDeployment(caddySvc.Spec(), nil)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("create caddy deployment: %w", err)
-	}
 
 	plan, err := d.Plan(ctx)
 	if err != nil {

cmd/uc/machine/init.go

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli/tui"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/machine/cluster"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/machine/network"
-	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/api"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/client"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
 
@@ -221,17 +221,17 @@ func initCluster(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, remoteMachine *cli.RemoteM
 		initOpts.WireguardEndpoints = endpoints
 	}
 
-	client, err := uncli.InitCluster(ctx, initOpts)
+	clusterClient, err := uncli.InitCluster(ctx, initOpts)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	defer client.Close()
+	defer clusterClient.Close()
 
 	// Since the cluster API needs a few moments to become ready after cluster initialisation,
 	// we keep the user informed during this wait. We wait here even if no Caddy or DNS is requested
 	// as the cluster needs to be ready so that commands such as 'uc machine ls' work immediately after init.
 	err = tui.RunSpinner(ctx, "Waiting for the cluster to be ready...", func(ctx context.Context) error {
-		return client.WaitClusterReady(ctx, 1*time.Minute)
+		return clusterClient.WaitClusterReady(ctx, 1*time.Minute)
 	})
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("wait for cluster to be ready: %w", err)
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ func initCluster(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, remoteMachine *cli.RemoteM
 	fmt.Println()
 
 	if !opts.noDNS {
-		domain, err := client.ReserveDomain(ctx, &pb.ReserveDomainRequest{Endpoint: opts.dnsEndpoint})
+		domain, err := clusterClient.ReserveDomain(ctx, &pb.ReserveDomainRequest{Endpoint: opts.dnsEndpoint})
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("reserve cluster domain in Uncloud DNS: %w", err)
 		}
@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ func initCluster(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, remoteMachine *cli.RemoteM
 	}
 
 	if !opts.noCaddy {
-		d, err := client.NewCaddyDeployment("", "", api.Placement{})
+		d, err := clusterClient.Caddy.NewDeployment(ctx, client.CaddyDeploymentOptions{})
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("create caddy deployment: %w", err)
 		}
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ func initCluster(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, remoteMachine *cli.RemoteM
 		}
 
 		fmt.Println()
-		return caddy.UpdateDomainRecords(ctx, client, uncli.ProgressOut())
+		return caddy.UpdateDomainRecords(ctx, clusterClient, uncli.ProgressOut())
 	}
 
 	return nil

cmd/uc/machine/logs.go

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"slices"
 	"strings"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli/completion"
@@ -64,6 +65,15 @@ If no services are specified, streams logs from the uncloud service.`,
 }
 
 func runLogs(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, services []string, opts logs.Options) error {
+	since, until, err := logs.TimeRange(opts.Since, opts.Until, time.Now())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	tail, err := opts.TailLines()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
 	if len(services) == 0 {
 		services = []string{api.SystemServiceUncloud}
 	}
@@ -74,11 +84,6 @@ func runLogs(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, services []string, opts logs.O
 		}
 	}
 
-	tail, err := logs.Tail(opts.Tail)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
 	c, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("connect to cluster: %w", err)
@@ -88,8 +93,8 @@ func runLogs(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, services []string, opts logs.O
 	logsOpts := api.ServiceLogsOptions{
 		Follow:   opts.Follow,
 		Tail:     tail,
-		Since:    opts.Since,
+		Since:    since,
-		Until:    opts.Until,
+		Until:    until,
 		Machines: cli.ExpandCommaSeparatedValues(opts.Machines),
 	}
 

cmd/uc/machine/logs_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+package machine
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli/logs"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestRunLogsInvalidTimeFilters(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	// Invalid filters must fail before connecting to the cluster.
+	for _, flag := range []string{"since", "until"} {
+		opts := logs.Options{}
+		if flag == "since" {
+			opts.Since = "invalid"
+		} else {
+			opts.Until = "invalid"
+		}
+		err := runLogs(context.Background(), nil, nil, opts)
+		require.ErrorContains(t, err, "invalid --"+flag+" value")
+	}
+}

cmd/uc/machine/rtt.go

@@ -54,8 +54,8 @@ func rtt(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI) error {
 			tui.PrintWarning("metadata is missing in response from unknown server")
 			continue
 		}
-		if m.Metadata.Error != "" {
+		if err := m.Metadata.Err(); err != nil {
-			tui.PrintWarning(fmt.Sprintf("failed to inspect machine '%s': %s", m.Metadata.MachineName, m.Metadata.Error))
+			tui.PrintWarning(fmt.Sprintf("failed to inspect machine '%s': %s", m.Metadata.MachineName, err))
 			continue
 		}
 		if m.Machine == nil {

cmd/uc/ps.go

@@ -207,9 +207,9 @@ func collectContainers(ctx context.Context, cli *client.Client) ([]containerInfo
 
 		machineName := msc.Metadata.MachineName
 
-		if msc.Metadata.Error != "" {
+		if err := msc.Metadata.Err(); err != nil {
 			tui.PrintWarning(fmt.Sprintf("failed to list service containers on machine %s: %s",
-				machineName, msc.Metadata.Error))
+				machineName, err))
 			continue
 		}
 

cmd/uc/service/inspect.go

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package service
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
+	"maps"
 	"slices"
 	"time"
 
@@ -58,6 +59,16 @@ func inspect(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts inspectOptions) error {
 	fmt.Printf("Service ID: %s\n", svc.ID)
 	fmt.Printf("Name:       %s\n", svc.Name)
 	fmt.Printf("Mode:       %s\n", svc.Mode)
+
+	spec := svc.Spec()
+	if len(spec.Labels) > 0 {
+		fmt.Println("Labels:")
+		printLabels(spec.Labels)
+	}
+	if len(spec.Container.Labels) > 0 {
+		fmt.Println("Container labels:")
+		printLabels(spec.Container.Labels)
+	}
 	fmt.Println()
 
 	// Combine regular and hook containers.
@@ -130,3 +141,10 @@ func inspect(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts inspectOptions) error {
 	lipgloss.Println(t)
 	return nil
 }
+
+// printLabels prints the labels sorted by key followed by a blank line.
+func printLabels(labels map[string]string) {
+	for _, key := range slices.Sorted(maps.Keys(labels)) {
+		lipgloss.Println("  " + key + tui.Faint.Render("=") + labels[key])
+	}
+}

cmd/uc/service/logs.go

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"strings"
+	"time"
 
 	mapset "github.com/deckarep/golang-set/v2"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli"
@@ -78,6 +79,15 @@ If no services are specified, streams logs from all services defined in the Comp
 }
 
 func RunLogs(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, args []string, opts logs.Options) error {
+	since, until, err := logs.TimeRange(opts.Since, opts.Until, time.Now())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	tail, err := opts.TailLines()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
 	serviceArgs, err := logs.ParseServiceArgs(args)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -106,12 +116,6 @@ func RunLogs(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, args []string, opts logs.Optio
 		}
 	}
 
-	// Parse tail option.
-	tail, err := logs.Tail(opts.Tail)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
 	c, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("connect to cluster: %w", err)
@@ -121,8 +125,8 @@ func RunLogs(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, args []string, opts logs.Optio
 	baseOpts := api.ServiceLogsOptions{
 		Follow:   opts.Follow,
 		Tail:     tail,
-		Since:    opts.Since,
+		Since:    since,
-		Until:    opts.Until,
+		Until:    until,
 		Machines: cli.ExpandCommaSeparatedValues(opts.Machines),
 	}
 

cmd/uc/service/logs_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+package service
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli/logs"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestRunLogsInvalidTimeFilters(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	// Invalid filters must fail before loading Compose files or connecting to the cluster.
+	for _, flag := range []string{"since", "until"} {
+		opts := logs.Options{}
+		if flag == "since" {
+			opts.Since = "invalid"
+		} else {
+			opts.Until = "invalid"
+		}
+		err := RunLogs(context.Background(), nil, nil, opts)
+		require.ErrorContains(t, err, "invalid --"+flag+" value")
+	}
+}

cmd/uc/service/root.go

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ func NewRootCommand() *cobra.Command {
 		NewScaleCommand(""),
 		NewStartCommand(""),
 		NewStopCommand(""),
+		NewUpdateCommand(),
 	)
 	return cmd
 }

cmd/uc/service/run.go

@@ -21,13 +21,16 @@ import (
 type runOptions struct {
 	caddyfile         string
 	command           []string
+	containerLabels   []string
 	cpu               dockeropts.NanoCPUs
 	entrypoint        string
 	entrypointChanged bool
 	env               []string
 	image             string
+	labels            []string
 	machines          []string
 	memory            dockeropts.MemBytes
+	memoryReservation dockeropts.MemBytes
 	mode              string
 	shmSize           dockeropts.MemBytes
 	name              string
@@ -64,6 +67,9 @@ func NewRunCommand(groupID string) *cobra.Command {
 	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&opts.caddyfile, "caddyfile", "",
 		"Path to a custom Caddy config (Caddyfile) for the service. "+
 			"Cannot be used together with non-@host published ports.")
+	cmd.Flags().StringArrayVar(&opts.containerLabels, "container-label", nil,
+		"Set a Docker label on service containers. Can be specified multiple times.\n"+
+			"Format: key=value or just key for an empty value.")
 	cmd.Flags().VarP(&opts.cpu, "cpu", "",
 		"Maximum number of CPU cores a service container can use. Fractional values are allowed: "+
 			"0.5 for half a core or 2.25 for two and a quarter cores.")
@@ -72,6 +78,9 @@ func NewRunCommand(groupID string) *cobra.Command {
 	cmd.Flags().StringSliceVarP(&opts.env, "env", "e", nil,
 		"Set an environment variable for service containers. Can be specified multiple times.\n"+
 			"Format: VAR=value or just VAR to use the value from the local environment.")
+	cmd.Flags().StringArrayVarP(&opts.labels, "label", "l", nil,
+		"Set a service label. Service labels aren't applied to Docker containers, use --container-label for that.\n"+
+			"Can be specified multiple times. Format: key=value or just key for an empty value.")
 	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&opts.mode, "mode", api.ServiceModeReplicated,
 		fmt.Sprintf("Replication mode of the service: either '%s' (a specified number of containers across "+
 			"the machines) or '%s' (one container on every machine).",
@@ -83,6 +92,9 @@ func NewRunCommand(groupID string) *cobra.Command {
 		"Maximum amount of memory a service container can use. Value is a positive integer with optional unit suffix (b, k, m, g).\n"+
 			"Default unit is bytes if no suffix specified.\n"+
 			"Examples: 1073741824, 1024m, 1g (all equal 1 gibibyte)")
+	cmd.Flags().Var(&opts.memoryReservation, "memory-reservation",
+		"Minimum amount of memory reserved for a service container. Value is a positive integer with optional unit suffix (b, k, m, g).\n"+
+			"Default unit is bytes if no suffix specified.")
 	cmd.Flags().VarP(&opts.shmSize, "shm-size", "",
 		"Maximum amount of shared memory (mounted at /dev/shm) a service container can use. Value is a positive integer\n"+
 			"with optional unit suffix (b, k, m, g). Default unit is bytes if no suffix specified.\n"+
@@ -94,11 +106,12 @@ func NewRunCommand(groupID string) *cobra.Command {
 	cmd.Flags().StringSliceVarP(&opts.publish, "publish", "p", nil,
 		"Publish a service port to make it accessible outside the cluster. Can be specified multiple times.\n"+
 			"Format: [hostname:]container_port[/protocol] or [host_ip|host_prefix:]host_port:container_port[/protocol]@host\n"+
-			"Supported protocols: tcp, udp, http, https (default is tcp). If a hostname for http(s) port is not specified\n"+
+			"Supported protocols: tcp, udp, http, https. The protocol defaults to https if a hostname is specified,\n"+
-			"and a cluster domain is reserved, service-name.cluster-domain will be used as the hostname.\n"+
+			"otherwise tcp. http(s) ports without a hostname use 'service-name.cluster-domain' as the default hostname\n"+
+			"if a cluster domain is reserved.\n"+
 			"Examples:\n"+
 			"  -p 8080/https                       Publish port 8080 as HTTPS via reverse proxy with default service-name.cluster-domain hostname\n"+
-			"  -p app.example.com:8080/https       Publish port 8080 as HTTPS via reverse proxy with custom hostname\n"+
+			"  -p app.example.com:8080             Publish port 8080 as HTTPS via reverse proxy with custom hostname\n"+
 			// TODO: add support for publishing L4 tcp/udp ports.
 			//"  -p 9000:8080                   Publish port 8080 as TCP port 9000 via reverse proxy\n"+
 			"  -p 53:5353/udp@host                 Bind UDP port 5353 to host port 53\n"+
@@ -122,6 +135,7 @@ func NewRunCommand(groupID string) *cobra.Command {
 		"Mount a data volume or host path into service containers. Service containers will be scheduled on the machine(s) where\n"+
 			"the volume is located. Can be specified multiple times.\n"+
 			"Format: volume_name:/container/path[:ro|volume-nocopy] or /host/path:/container/path[:ro]\n"+
+			"Host and container paths support runtime templates such as {{.Container.Name}}.\n"+
 			"Examples:\n"+
 			"  -v postgres-data:/var/lib/postgresql/data  Mount volume 'postgres-data' to /var/lib/postgresql/data in container\n"+
 			"  -v /data/uploads:/app/uploads         	 Bind mount /data/uploads host directory to /app/uploads in container\n"+
@@ -191,6 +205,18 @@ func prepareServiceSpec(opts runOptions) (api.ServiceSpec, error) {
 		return spec, err
 	}
 
+	labels, err := parseLabels(opts.labels)
+	if err != nil {
+		return spec, err
+	}
+	if err = api.ValidateLabels(labels); err != nil {
+		return spec, fmt.Errorf("invalid service labels: %w", err)
+	}
+	containerLabels, err := parseLabels(opts.containerLabels)
+	if err != nil {
+		return spec, err
+	}
+
 	switch opts.mode {
 	case api.ServiceModeReplicated, api.ServiceModeGlobal:
 	default:
@@ -231,17 +257,20 @@ func prepareServiceSpec(opts runOptions) (api.ServiceSpec, error) {
 			Command:    opts.command,
 			Env:        env,
 			Image:      opts.image,
+			Labels:     containerLabels,
 			Privileged: opts.privileged,
 			PullPolicy: opts.pull,
 			Resources: api.ContainerResources{
 				CPU:               opts.cpu.Value(),
 				Memory:            opts.memory.Value(),
+				MemoryReservation: opts.memoryReservation.Value(),
 				SharedMemory:      opts.shmSize.Value(),
 				Ulimits:           ulimits,
 			},
 			User:         opts.user,
 			VolumeMounts: mounts,
 		},
+		Labels:    labels,
 		Mode:      opts.mode,
 		Name:      opts.name,
 		Placement: placement,
@@ -300,6 +329,24 @@ func parseEnv(env []string) (api.EnvVars, error) {
 	return envVars, nil
 }
 
+// parseLabels parses labels from the command line arguments in the format "key=value" or just "key" for an empty value.
+func parseLabels(labels []string) (map[string]string, error) {
+	if len(labels) == 0 {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+
+	result := make(map[string]string, len(labels))
+	for _, label := range labels {
+		key, value, _ := strings.Cut(label, "=")
+		if strings.TrimSpace(key) == "" {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid label '%s': key must not be empty", label)
+		}
+		result[key] = value
+	}
+
+	return result, nil
+}
+
 // parseVolumeFlags parses volume flag values in Docker CLI format and returns VolumeSpecs and VolumeMounts.
 // It handles both named volumes (volume_name:/container/path[:ro|volume-nocopy])
 // and bind mounts (/host/path:/container/path[:ro]).

cmd/uc/service/run_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,423 @@
+package service
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/docker/go-units"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/api"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// validRunOptions returns the minimal options that produce a valid service spec.
+func validRunOptions() runOptions {
+	return runOptions{
+		image:    "nginx:1.27",
+		name:     "web",
+		mode:     api.ServiceModeReplicated,
+		pull:     api.PullPolicyMissing,
+		replicas: 1,
+	}
+}
+
+func TestParseLabels(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	labels, err := parseLabels(nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Nil(t, labels)
+
+	labels, err = parseLabels([]string{"tier=frontend", "empty", "list=a,b", "expr=a=b", "tier=backend"})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, map[string]string{
+		"tier":  "backend",
+		"empty": "",
+		"list":  "a,b",
+		"expr":  "a=b",
+	}, labels)
+
+	_, err = parseLabels([]string{"=value"})
+	require.ErrorContains(t, err, "key must not be empty")
+
+	_, err = parseLabels([]string{" \t =value"})
+	require.ErrorContains(t, err, "key must not be empty")
+
+	labels, err = parseLabels([]string{"key=value with spaces"})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, map[string]string{"key": "value with spaces"}, labels)
+}
+
+func TestPrepareServiceSpec(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	t.Run("minimal options", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Parallel()
+
+		spec, err := prepareServiceSpec(validRunOptions())
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, "web", spec.Name)
+		assert.Equal(t, api.ServiceModeReplicated, spec.Mode)
+		assert.EqualValues(t, 1, spec.Replicas)
+		assert.Equal(t, "nginx:1.27", spec.Container.Image)
+		assert.Equal(t, api.PullPolicyMissing, spec.Container.PullPolicy)
+		assert.Nil(t, spec.Caddy)
+		assert.Nil(t, spec.Labels)
+		assert.Nil(t, spec.Container.Labels)
+		assert.Nil(t, spec.Container.Entrypoint)
+		assert.Nil(t, spec.Container.Resources.Ulimits)
+		assert.Nil(t, spec.Placement.Machines)
+		assert.Empty(t, spec.Container.Env)
+		assert.Empty(t, spec.Ports)
+		assert.Empty(t, spec.Volumes)
+		assert.Empty(t, spec.Container.VolumeMounts)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("all options", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Parallel()
+
+		opts := validRunOptions()
+		opts.command = []string{"nginx", "-g", "daemon off;"}
+		opts.env = []string{"FOO=bar", "EMPTY=", "EXPR=a=b"}
+		opts.labels = []string{"tier=frontend"}
+		opts.containerLabels = []string{"logging=enabled"}
+		opts.machines = []string{"m1,m2", "m3"}
+		opts.privileged = true
+		opts.pull = api.PullPolicyAlways
+		opts.publish = []string{"app.example.com:8080/https", "53:5353/udp@host"}
+		opts.replicas = 3
+		opts.ulimits = []string{"nofile=1024:2048", "nproc=65535"}
+		opts.user = "1000:1000"
+		opts.volumes = []string{"data:/var/lib/data:ro"}
+		require.NoError(t, opts.cpu.Set("0.5"))
+		require.NoError(t, opts.memory.Set("128m"))
+		require.NoError(t, opts.memoryReservation.Set("32m"))
+		require.NoError(t, opts.shmSize.Set("64m"))
+
+		spec, err := prepareServiceSpec(opts)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, api.ServiceSpec{
+			Container: api.ContainerSpec{
+				Command:    []string{"nginx", "-g", "daemon off;"},
+				Env:        api.EnvVars{"FOO": "bar", "EMPTY": "", "EXPR": "a=b"},
+				Image:      "nginx:1.27",
+				Labels:     map[string]string{"logging": "enabled"},
+				Privileged: true,
+				PullPolicy: api.PullPolicyAlways,
+				Resources: api.ContainerResources{
+					CPU:               500 * api.MilliCore,
+					Memory:            128 * units.MiB,
+					MemoryReservation: 32 * units.MiB,
+					SharedMemory:      64 * units.MiB,
+					Ulimits: map[string]api.Ulimit{
+						"nofile": {Soft: 1024, Hard: 2048},
+						"nproc":  {Soft: 65535, Hard: 65535},
+					},
+				},
+				User: "1000:1000",
+				VolumeMounts: []api.VolumeMount{
+					{VolumeName: "data", ContainerPath: "/var/lib/data", ReadOnly: true},
+				},
+			},
+			Labels:    map[string]string{"tier": "frontend"},
+			Mode:      api.ServiceModeReplicated,
+			Name:      "web",
+			Placement: api.Placement{Machines: []string{"m1", "m2", "m3"}},
+			Ports: []api.PortSpec{
+				{
+					Hostname:      "app.example.com",
+					ContainerPort: 8080,
+					Protocol:      api.ProtocolHTTPS,
+					Mode:          api.PortModeIngress,
+				},
+				{
+					PublishedPort: 53,
+					ContainerPort: 5353,
+					Protocol:      api.ProtocolUDP,
+					Mode:          api.PortModeHost,
+				},
+			},
+			Replicas: 3,
+			Volumes: []api.VolumeSpec{
+				{
+					Name:          "data",
+					Type:          api.VolumeTypeVolume,
+					VolumeOptions: &api.VolumeOptions{Name: "data"},
+				},
+			},
+		}, spec)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("generates a name when not specified", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Parallel()
+
+		opts := validRunOptions()
+		opts.name = ""
+		opts.image = "bitnami/nginx:latest"
+
+		spec, err := prepareServiceSpec(opts)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Regexp(t, `^nginx-[a-z0-9]{4}$`, spec.Name)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("keeps the specified name", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Parallel()
+
+		opts := validRunOptions()
+		opts.name = "custom"
+
+		spec, err := prepareServiceSpec(opts)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, "custom", spec.Name)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("global mode", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Parallel()
+
+		opts := validRunOptions()
+		opts.mode = api.ServiceModeGlobal
+
+		spec, err := prepareServiceSpec(opts)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, api.ServiceModeGlobal, spec.Mode)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("entrypoint", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Parallel()
+
+		opts := validRunOptions()
+		opts.entrypoint = "/bin/sh"
+		opts.entrypointChanged = true
+		spec, err := prepareServiceSpec(opts)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, []string{"/bin/sh"}, spec.Container.Entrypoint)
+
+		// An explicitly empty entrypoint resets the one from the image.
+		opts = validRunOptions()
+		opts.entrypointChanged = true
+		spec, err = prepareServiceSpec(opts)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, []string{""}, spec.Container.Entrypoint)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("env without a value is omitted when not set locally", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Parallel()
+
+		opts := validRunOptions()
+		opts.env = []string{"UNCLOUD_TEST_ENV_THAT_IS_NOT_SET"}
+
+		spec, err := prepareServiceSpec(opts)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.NotContains(t, spec.Container.Env, "UNCLOUD_TEST_ENV_THAT_IS_NOT_SET")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("bind mount", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Parallel()
+
+		opts := validRunOptions()
+		opts.volumes = []string{"/data/uploads:/app/uploads"}
+
+		spec, err := prepareServiceSpec(opts)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		require.Len(t, spec.Volumes, 1)
+		assert.Regexp(t, `^bind-[a-z0-9]{4}$`, spec.Volumes[0].Name)
+		assert.Equal(t, api.VolumeTypeBind, spec.Volumes[0].Type)
+		require.NotNil(t, spec.Volumes[0].BindOptions)
+		assert.Equal(t, "/data/uploads", spec.Volumes[0].BindOptions.HostPath)
+		assert.True(t, spec.Volumes[0].BindOptions.CreateHostPath)
+
+		require.Len(t, spec.Container.VolumeMounts, 1)
+		assert.Equal(t, spec.Volumes[0].Name, spec.Container.VolumeMounts[0].VolumeName)
+		assert.Equal(t, "/app/uploads", spec.Container.VolumeMounts[0].ContainerPath)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("named volume mounted twice creates one volume", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Parallel()
+
+		opts := validRunOptions()
+		opts.volumes = []string{"data:/a", "data:/b"}
+
+		spec, err := prepareServiceSpec(opts)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Len(t, spec.Volumes, 1)
+		assert.Len(t, spec.Container.VolumeMounts, 2)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("caddyfile content is trimmed", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Parallel()
+
+		path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "Caddyfile")
+		require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(path, []byte("\nexample.com {\n}\n\n"), 0o600))
+
+		opts := validRunOptions()
+		opts.caddyfile = path
+
+		spec, err := prepareServiceSpec(opts)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.NotNil(t, spec.Caddy)
+		assert.Equal(t, "example.com {\n}", spec.Caddy.Config)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("empty caddyfile is ignored", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Parallel()
+
+		path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "Caddyfile")
+		require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(path, []byte(" \n"), 0o600))
+
+		opts := validRunOptions()
+		opts.caddyfile = path
+
+		spec, err := prepareServiceSpec(opts)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Nil(t, spec.Caddy)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("caddyfile can be used with host ports", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Parallel()
+
+		path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "Caddyfile")
+		require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(path, []byte("example.com {\n}"), 0o600))
+
+		opts := validRunOptions()
+		opts.caddyfile = path
+		opts.publish = []string{"53:5353/udp@host"}
+
+		_, err := prepareServiceSpec(opts)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestPrepareServiceSpec_LocalEnv(t *testing.T) {
+	// Not parallel because t.Setenv changes the environment of the whole process.
+	t.Setenv("UNCLOUD_TEST_LOCAL_ENV", "from-local")
+
+	opts := validRunOptions()
+	opts.env = []string{"UNCLOUD_TEST_LOCAL_ENV"}
+
+	spec, err := prepareServiceSpec(opts)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "from-local", spec.Container.Env["UNCLOUD_TEST_LOCAL_ENV"])
+}
+
+func TestPrepareServiceSpec_Invalid(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	caddyfile := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "Caddyfile")
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(caddyfile, []byte("example.com {\n}"), 0o600))
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		modify  func(opts *runOptions)
+		wantErr string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:    "invalid image",
+			modify:  func(opts *runOptions) { opts.image = "INVALID IMAGE" },
+			wantErr: "invalid image",
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "invalid name",
+			modify:  func(opts *runOptions) { opts.name = "Not_Valid" },
+			wantErr: "invalid service name",
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "invalid mode",
+			modify:  func(opts *runOptions) { opts.mode = "unknown" },
+			wantErr: "invalid replication mode: 'unknown'",
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "invalid pull policy",
+			modify:  func(opts *runOptions) { opts.pull = "sometimes" },
+			wantErr: "invalid pull policy: 'sometimes'",
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "invalid env",
+			modify:  func(opts *runOptions) { opts.env = []string{"=value"} },
+			wantErr: "invalid environment variable: '=value'",
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "invalid port",
+			modify:  func(opts *runOptions) { opts.publish = []string{"not-a-port"} },
+			wantErr: "invalid service port 'not-a-port'",
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "invalid ulimit",
+			modify:  func(opts *runOptions) { opts.ulimits = []string{"nofile"} },
+			wantErr: "invalid ulimit 'nofile'",
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "volume without a container path",
+			modify:  func(opts *runOptions) { opts.volumes = []string{"data"} },
+			wantErr: "invalid volume mount 'data'",
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "volume with a relative container path",
+			modify:  func(opts *runOptions) { opts.volumes = []string{"data:relative"} },
+			wantErr: "must be absolute path",
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "volume with an unknown option",
+			modify:  func(opts *runOptions) { opts.volumes = []string{"data:/data:unknown"} },
+			wantErr: "invalid option: 'unknown'",
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "missing caddyfile",
+			modify:  func(opts *runOptions) { opts.caddyfile = filepath.Join(os.TempDir(), "uncloud-test-no-such-file") },
+			wantErr: "read Caddyfile",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "caddyfile with an ingress port",
+			modify: func(opts *runOptions) {
+				opts.caddyfile = caddyfile
+				opts.publish = []string{"app.example.com:8080/https"}
+			},
+			wantErr: "cannot be specified simultaneously",
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "service label without a key",
+			modify:  func(opts *runOptions) { opts.labels = []string{"=value"} },
+			wantErr: "key must not be empty",
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "container label without a key",
+			modify:  func(opts *runOptions) { opts.containerLabels = []string{"=value"} },
+			wantErr: "key must not be empty",
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "service label with whitespace",
+			modify:  func(opts *runOptions) { opts.labels = []string{"my label=value"} },
+			wantErr: "invalid service labels: label 'my label' must not contain whitespace",
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "container label with whitespace",
+			modify:  func(opts *runOptions) { opts.containerLabels = []string{"my label=value"} },
+			wantErr: "invalid container labels: label 'my label' must not contain whitespace",
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "reserved service label",
+			modify:  func(opts *runOptions) { opts.labels = []string{api.LabelManaged + "=true"} },
+			wantErr: "invalid service labels",
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "reserved container label",
+			modify:  func(opts *runOptions) { opts.containerLabels = []string{api.LabelManaged + "=true"} },
+			wantErr: "invalid container labels",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			opts := validRunOptions()
+			tt.modify(&opts)
+
+			_, err := prepareServiceSpec(opts)
+			require.ErrorContains(t, err, tt.wantErr)
+		})
+	}
+}

cmd/uc/service/update.go

@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+package service
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"maps"
+	"slices"
+
+	dockeropts "github.com/docker/cli/opts"
+	"github.com/docker/compose/v2/pkg/progress"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/pkg/stringid"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli/completion"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli/tui"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/api"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/client/deploy"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+)
+
+type updateOptions struct {
+	service string
+
+	cpu                dockeropts.NanoCPUs
+	cpuChanged         bool
+	memory             dockeropts.MemBytes
+	memoryChanged      bool
+	memoryReservation  dockeropts.MemBytes
+	reservationChanged bool
+	labelAdd           []string
+	labelRm            []string
+}
+
+func NewUpdateCommand() *cobra.Command {
+	opts := updateOptions{}
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "update SERVICE",
+		Short: "Update a service in place without recreating its containers.",
+		Long: `Update service configuration in place without recreating its containers.
+
+A CPU or memory limit can be changed but not removed. To remove a limit or change anything else,
+redeploy the service with 'uc deploy'`,
+		Example: `  # Change the CPU and memory limits.
+  uc service update web --cpu 0.5 --memory 512m
+
+  # Add or change a service label and remove another one.
+  uc service update web --label-add tier=frontend --label-rm legacy`,
+		Args: cobra.ExactArgs(1),
+		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			uncli := cmd.Context().Value("cli").(*cli.CLI)
+
+			opts.service = args[0]
+			opts.cpuChanged = cmd.Flag("cpu").Changed
+			opts.memoryChanged = cmd.Flag("memory").Changed
+			opts.reservationChanged = cmd.Flag("memory-reservation").Changed
+
+			return update(cmd.Context(), uncli, opts)
+		},
+		ValidArgsFunction: func(
+			cmd *cobra.Command, args []string, toComplete string,
+		) ([]cobra.Completion, cobra.ShellCompDirective) {
+			if len(args) > 0 {
+				return nil, cobra.ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp
+			}
+			uncli := cmd.Context().Value("cli").(*cli.CLI)
+			return completion.Services(cmd.Context(), uncli, args, toComplete)
+		},
+	}
+
+	cmd.Flags().Var(&opts.cpu, "cpu",
+		"Maximum number of CPU cores a service container can use.\n"+
+			"Fractional values are allowed: 0.5 for half a core or 2.25 for two and a quarter cores.")
+	cmd.Flags().Var(&opts.memory, "memory",
+		"Maximum amount of memory a service container can use. Value is a positive integer with\n"+
+			"optional unit suffix (b, k, m, g). Default unit is bytes if no suffix specified.\n"+
+			"Examples: 1073741824, 1024m, 1g (all equal 1 gibibyte)")
+	cmd.Flags().Var(&opts.memoryReservation, "memory-reservation",
+		"Minimum amount of memory reserved for a service container. Value is a positive integer with\n"+
+			"optional unit suffix (b, k, m, g). Default unit is bytes if no suffix specified.")
+	cmd.Flags().StringArrayVar(&opts.labelAdd, "label-add", nil,
+		"Add or change a service label. Can be specified multiple times.\n"+
+			"Format: key=value or just key for an empty value.")
+	cmd.Flags().StringArrayVar(&opts.labelRm, "label-rm", nil,
+		"Remove a service label by its key. Can be specified multiple times.")
+
+	return cmd
+}
+
+func update(ctx context.Context, uncli *cli.CLI, opts updateOptions) error {
+	if !opts.cpuChanged && !opts.memoryChanged && !opts.reservationChanged &&
+		len(opts.labelAdd) == 0 && len(opts.labelRm) == 0 {
+		return errors.New("no changes specified, set at least one of the flags: " +
+			"--cpu, --memory, --memory-reservation, --label-add, --label-rm")
+	}
+
+	labelAdd, err := parseLabels(opts.labelAdd)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err = api.ValidateLabels(labelAdd); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid service labels: %w", err)
+	}
+	for _, key := range opts.labelRm {
+		if _, ok := labelAdd[key]; ok {
+			return fmt.Errorf("label '%s' cannot be both added and removed", key)
+		}
+	}
+
+	clusterClient, err := uncli.ConnectCluster(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("connect to cluster: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer clusterClient.Close()
+
+	svc, err := clusterClient.InspectService(ctx, opts.service)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("inspect service '%s': %w", opts.service, err)
+	}
+
+	// Check all containers before changing any of them to avoid a partially updated service when a limit can't be
+	// changed in place. Containers may have different specs after a failed deployment so each one is updated from
+	// its own spec.
+	updates := make(map[string]api.UpdateContainerOptions, len(svc.Containers))
+	for _, mc := range svc.Containers {
+		spec := applyServiceUpdate(mc.Container.ServiceSpec, opts, labelAdd)
+
+		resources := mc.Container.AppliedResources()
+		if err = resources.ValidateUpdateInPlace(spec.Container.Resources); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("container '%s' on machine '%s' can't be updated without recreating it: %w",
+				stringid.TruncateID(mc.Container.ID), mc.MachineName, err)
+		}
+
+		containerOpts := deploy.ContainerUpdateOptions(mc.Container, spec)
+		if containerOpts != (api.UpdateContainerOptions{}) {
+			updates[mc.Container.ID] = containerOpts
+		}
+	}
+
+	if len(updates) == 0 {
+		fmt.Printf("Service %s is already up to date. No changes required.\n", tui.NameStyle.Render(svc.Name))
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	return progress.RunWithTitle(ctx, func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		// Keep updating the remaining containers if one fails, for example, because its machine is down.
+		// Running the command again only updates the containers that still differ.
+		var errs []error
+		for id, containerOpts := range updates {
+			if err := clusterClient.UpdateContainer(ctx, svc.ID, id, containerOpts); err != nil {
+				errs = append(errs, fmt.Errorf("update container '%s': %w", stringid.TruncateID(id), err))
+			}
+		}
+		return errors.Join(errs...)
+	}, uncli.ProgressOut(), "Updating service "+tui.NameStyle.Render(svc.Name))
+}
+
+// applyServiceUpdate returns a copy of the spec with the requested changes applied.
+func applyServiceUpdate(spec api.ServiceSpec, opts updateOptions, labelAdd map[string]string) api.ServiceSpec {
+	updated := spec.Clone()
+
+	if opts.cpuChanged {
+		updated.Container.Resources.CPU = opts.cpu.Value()
+	}
+	if opts.memoryChanged {
+		updated.Container.Resources.Memory = opts.memory.Value()
+	}
+	if opts.reservationChanged {
+		updated.Container.Resources.MemoryReservation = opts.memoryReservation.Value()
+	}
+
+	if len(labelAdd) > 0 && updated.Labels == nil {
+		updated.Labels = make(map[string]string, len(labelAdd))
+	}
+	maps.Copy(updated.Labels, labelAdd)
+
+	for key := range updated.Labels {
+		if slices.Contains(opts.labelRm, key) {
+			delete(updated.Labels, key)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return updated
+}

cmd/uc/service/update_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+package service
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/api"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/client/deploy"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestApplyServiceUpdate(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	newSpec := func() api.ServiceSpec {
+		return api.ServiceSpec{
+			Name: "web",
+			Container: api.ContainerSpec{
+				Image:  "nginx",
+				Labels: map[string]string{"container": "keep"},
+				Resources: api.ContainerResources{
+					CPU:               100 * api.MilliCore,
+					Memory:            1024,
+					MemoryReservation: 512,
+				},
+			},
+			Labels: map[string]string{"tier": "frontend", "legacy": "true"},
+		}
+	}
+
+	t.Run("adds, changes and removes labels", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Parallel()
+
+		spec := newSpec()
+		updated := applyServiceUpdate(spec, updateOptions{labelRm: []string{"legacy", "missing"}},
+			map[string]string{"tier": "backend", "team": "core"})
+
+		assert.Equal(t, map[string]string{"tier": "backend", "team": "core"}, updated.Labels)
+		assert.Equal(t, map[string]string{"container": "keep"}, updated.Container.Labels)
+		assert.Equal(t, spec.Container.Resources, updated.Container.Resources)
+		assert.Equal(t, map[string]string{"tier": "frontend", "legacy": "true"}, spec.Labels,
+			"Expected the original spec to stay unchanged")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("adds labels to a spec without labels", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Parallel()
+
+		spec := newSpec()
+		spec.Labels = nil
+		updated := applyServiceUpdate(spec, updateOptions{}, map[string]string{"tier": "backend"})
+
+		assert.Equal(t, map[string]string{"tier": "backend"}, updated.Labels)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("changes only requested limits", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Parallel()
+
+		opts := updateOptions{cpuChanged: true}
+		require.NoError(t, opts.cpu.Set("0.5"))
+
+		updated := applyServiceUpdate(newSpec(), opts, nil)
+
+		assert.EqualValues(t, 500*api.MilliCore, updated.Container.Resources.CPU)
+		assert.EqualValues(t, 1024, updated.Container.Resources.Memory)
+		assert.EqualValues(t, 512, updated.Container.Resources.MemoryReservation)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("sends only changed fields to the container", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Parallel()
+
+		opts := updateOptions{memoryChanged: true}
+		require.NoError(t, opts.memory.Set("2048"))
+
+		ctr := api.ServiceContainer{ServiceSpec: newSpec()}
+		containerOpts := deploy.ContainerUpdateOptions(ctr, applyServiceUpdate(ctr.ServiceSpec, opts, nil))
+
+		require.NotNil(t, containerOpts.Memory)
+		assert.EqualValues(t, 2048, *containerOpts.Memory)
+		assert.Nil(t, containerOpts.CPU)
+		assert.Nil(t, containerOpts.MemoryReservation)
+		assert.Nil(t, containerOpts.ServiceLabels)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("removing the last label clears service labels", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Parallel()
+
+		ctr := api.ServiceContainer{ServiceSpec: newSpec()}
+		containerOpts := deploy.ContainerUpdateOptions(ctr, applyServiceUpdate(
+			ctr.ServiceSpec, updateOptions{labelRm: []string{"tier", "legacy"}}, nil,
+		))
+
+		require.NotNil(t, containerOpts.ServiceLabels)
+		assert.Empty(t, *containerOpts.ServiceLabels)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("no changes produce empty container options", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Parallel()
+
+		ctr := api.ServiceContainer{ServiceSpec: newSpec()}
+		containerOpts := deploy.ContainerUpdateOptions(ctr, applyServiceUpdate(
+			ctr.ServiceSpec, updateOptions{}, map[string]string{"tier": "frontend"},
+		))
+
+		assert.Equal(t, api.UpdateContainerOptions{}, containerOpts)
+	})
+}

experiment/go.mod

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 module github.com/psviderski/uncloud/experiment
 
-go 1.26
+go 1.26.0
 
 require (
 	github.com/dgraph-io/badger/v3 v3.2103.5
@@ -18,10 +18,10 @@ require (
 	github.com/psviderski/uncloud v0.0.0
 	github.com/siderolabs/discovery-api v0.1.4
 	github.com/siderolabs/discovery-client v0.1.9
-	go.uber.org/zap v1.27.0
+	go.uber.org/zap v1.28.0
-	golang.org/x/net v0.43.0
+	golang.org/x/net v0.59.0
 	golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard v0.0.0-20231211153847-12269c276173
-	google.golang.org/grpc v1.74.2
+	google.golang.org/grpc v1.81.0
 )
 
 require (
@@ -79,18 +79,18 @@ require (
 	github.com/ishidawataru/sctp v0.0.0-20230406120618-7ff4192f6ff2 // indirect
 	github.com/jbenet/goprocess v0.1.4 // indirect
 	github.com/josharian/native v1.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.18.0 // indirect
+	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.19.1 // indirect
-	github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.2.9 // indirect
+	github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.4.0 // indirect
 	github.com/libp2p/go-buffer-pool v0.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p v0.35.4 // indirect
 	github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p-pubsub v0.11.0 // indirect
 	github.com/libp2p/go-msgio v0.3.0 // indirect
-	github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.13 // indirect
+	github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.14 // indirect
 	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20 // indirect
 	github.com/mdlayher/genetlink v1.3.2 // indirect
 	github.com/mdlayher/netlink v1.7.2 // indirect
 	github.com/mdlayher/socket v0.5.1 // indirect
-	github.com/miekg/dns v1.1.65 // indirect
+	github.com/miekg/dns v1.1.73 // indirect
 	github.com/minio/sha256-simd v1.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/mitchellh/cli v1.1.5 // indirect
 	github.com/mitchellh/copystructure v1.2.0 // indirect
@@ -113,30 +113,30 @@ require (
 	github.com/sean-/seed v0.0.0-20170313163322-e2103e2c3529 // indirect
 	github.com/shopspring/decimal v1.4.0 // indirect
 	github.com/siderolabs/gen v0.4.8 // indirect
-	github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.9.3 // indirect
+	github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.9.4 // indirect
 	github.com/spaolacci/murmur3 v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/spf13/cast v1.7.0 // indirect
 	github.com/vishvananda/netlink v1.3.1 // indirect
 	github.com/vishvananda/netns v0.0.5 // indirect
 	go.opencensus.io v0.24.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/auto/sdk v1.1.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/auto/sdk v1.2.1 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.36.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.43.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.36.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.43.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.36.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.43.0 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/multierr v1.11.0 // indirect
 	go4.org/netipx v0.0.0-20231129151722-fdeea329fbba // indirect
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.41.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.57.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20250408133849-7e4ce0ab07d0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/mod v0.27.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/mod v0.41.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sync v0.20.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sync v0.23.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.45.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.48.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/text v0.28.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/text v0.42.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/time v0.11.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/time v0.16.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/tools v0.36.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/tools v0.50.0 // indirect
 	golang.zx2c4.com/wintun v0.0.0-20230126152724-0fa3db229ce2 // indirect
 	golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl v0.0.0-20230429144221-925a1e7659e6 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20250528174236-200df99c418a // indirect
+	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20260427160629-7cedc36a6bc4 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.9 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.12 // indirect
 	gotest.tools/v3 v3.5.2 // indirect
 	gvisor.dev/gvisor v0.0.0-20230927004350-cbd86285d259 // indirect
 	lukechampine.com/blake3 v1.3.0 // indirect

experiment/go.sum

@@ -302,8 +302,10 @@ github.com/kisielk/gotool v1.0.0/go.mod h1:XhKaO+MFFWcvkIS/tQcRk01m1F5IRFswLeQ+o
 github.com/klauspost/compress v1.12.3/go.mod h1:8dP1Hq4DHOhN9w426knH3Rhby4rFm6D8eO+e+Dq5Gzg=
 github.com/klauspost/compress v1.18.0 h1:c/Cqfb0r+Yi+JtIEq73FWXVkRonBlf0CRNYc8Zttxdo=
 github.com/klauspost/compress v1.18.0/go.mod h1:2Pp+KzxcywXVXMr50+X0Q/Lsb43OQHYWRCY2AiWywWQ=
+github.com/klauspost/compress v1.19.1/go.mod h1:cwPg85FWrGar70rWktvGQj8/hthj3wpl0PGDogxkrSQ=
 github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.2.9 h1:66ze0taIn2H33fBvCkXuv9BmCwDfafmiIVpKV9kKGuY=
 github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.2.9/go.mod h1:rqkxqrZ1EhYM9G+hXH7YdowN5R5RGN6NK4QwQ3WMXF8=
+github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.4.0/go.mod h1:19jmZ9mjzoF//ddRSUsv0zfBTJWh3QJh9FNxZTMrGxU=
 github.com/konsorten/go-windows-terminal-sequences v1.0.1/go.mod h1:T0+1ngSBFLxvqU3pZ+m/2kptfBszLMUkC4ZK/EgS/cQ=
 github.com/koron/go-ssdp v0.0.4 h1:1IDwrghSKYM7yLf7XCzbByg2sJ/JcNOZRXS2jczTwz0=
 github.com/koron/go-ssdp v0.0.4/go.mod h1:oDXq+E5IL5q0U8uSBcoAXzTzInwy5lEgC91HoKtbmZk=
@@ -349,6 +351,7 @@ github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.4/go.mod h1:U0ppj6V5qS13XJ6of8GYAs25YV2eR4EVc
 github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.6/go.mod h1:u6P/XSegPjTcexA+o6vUJrdnUu04hMope9wVRipJSqc=
 github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.13 h1:fFA4WZxdEF4tXPZVKMLwD8oUnCTTo08duU7wxecdEvA=
 github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.13/go.mod h1:7S9/ev0klgBDR4GtXTXX8a3vIGJpMovkB8vQcUbaXHg=
+github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.14/go.mod h1:6LmQG8QLFO4G5z1gPvYEzlUgJ2wF+stgPZH1UqBm1s8=
 github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.3/go.mod h1:M+lRXTBqGeGNdLjl/ufCoiOlB5xdOkqRJdNxMWT7Zi4=
 github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.8/go.mod h1:Iq45c/XA43vh69/j3iqttzPXn0bhXyGjM0Hdxcsrc5s=
 github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.11/go.mod h1:PhnuNfih5lzO57/f3n+odYbM4JtupLOxQOAqxQCu2WE=
@@ -368,6 +371,7 @@ github.com/miekg/dns v1.1.26/go.mod h1:bPDLeHnStXmXAq1m/Ch/hvfNHr14JKNPMBo3VZKju
 github.com/miekg/dns v1.1.41/go.mod h1:p6aan82bvRIyn+zDIv9xYNUpwa73JcSh9BKwknJysuI=
 github.com/miekg/dns v1.1.65 h1:0+tIPHzUW0GCge7IiK3guGP57VAw7hoPDfApjkMD1Fc=
 github.com/miekg/dns v1.1.65/go.mod h1:Dzw9769uoKVaLuODMDZz9M6ynFU6Em65csPuoi8G0ck=
+github.com/miekg/dns v1.1.73/go.mod h1:RW2Obtfd5NZHvOFe3zYG0W8koWOQtAzyHaLo8vASBuQ=
 github.com/mikioh/ipaddr v0.0.0-20190404000644-d465c8ab6721 h1:RlZweED6sbSArvlE924+mUcZuXKLBHA35U7LN621Bws=
 github.com/mikioh/ipaddr v0.0.0-20190404000644-d465c8ab6721/go.mod h1:Ickgr2WtCLZ2MDGd4Gr0geeCH5HybhRJbonOgQpvSxc=
 github.com/mikioh/tcpinfo v0.0.0-20190314235526-30a79bb1804b h1:z78hV3sbSMAUoyUMM0I83AUIT6Hu17AWfgjzIbtrYFc=
@@ -529,6 +533,7 @@ github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.2.0/go.mod h1:LxeOpSwHxABJmUn/MG1IvRgCAasNZTLOkJPx
 github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.4.2/go.mod h1:tLMulIdttU9McNUspp0xgXVQah82FyeX6MwdIuYE2rE=
 github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.9.3 h1:dueUQJ1C2q9oE3F7wvmSGAaVtTmUizReu6fjN8uqzbQ=
 github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.9.3/go.mod h1:naHLuLoDiP4jHNo9R0sCBMtWGeIprob74mVsIT4qYEQ=
+github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.9.4/go.mod h1:ftWc9WdOfJ0a92nsE2jF5u5ZwH8Bv2zdeOC42RjbV2g=
 github.com/smartystreets/assertions v1.2.0 h1:42S6lae5dvLc7BrLu/0ugRtcFVjoJNMC/N3yZFZkDFs=
 github.com/smartystreets/assertions v1.2.0/go.mod h1:tcbTF8ujkAEcZ8TElKY+i30BzYlVhC/LOxJk7iOWnoo=
 github.com/smartystreets/goconvey v1.7.2 h1:9RBaZCeXEQ3UselpuwUQHltGVXvdwm6cv1hgR6gDIPg=
@@ -581,16 +586,20 @@ go.opencensus.io v0.24.0 h1:y73uSU6J157QMP2kn2r30vwW1A2W2WFwSCGnAVxeaD0=
 go.opencensus.io v0.24.0/go.mod h1:vNK8G9p7aAivkbmorf4v+7Hgx+Zs0yY+0fOtgBfjQKo=
 go.opentelemetry.io/auto/sdk v1.1.0 h1:cH53jehLUN6UFLY71z+NDOiNJqDdPRaXzTel0sJySYA=
 go.opentelemetry.io/auto/sdk v1.1.0/go.mod h1:3wSPjt5PWp2RhlCcmmOial7AvC4DQqZb7a7wCow3W8A=
+go.opentelemetry.io/auto/sdk v1.2.1/go.mod h1:KRTj+aOaElaLi+wW1kO/DZRXwkF4C5xPbEe3ZiIhN7Y=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.36.0 h1:UumtzIklRBY6cI/lllNZlALOF5nNIzJVb16APdvgTXg=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.36.0/go.mod h1:/TcFMXYjyRNh8khOAO9ybYkqaDBb/70aVwkNML4pP8E=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.43.0/go.mod h1:JuG+u74mvjvcm8vj8pI5XiHy1zDeoCS2LB1spIq7Ay0=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.36.0 h1:MoWPKVhQvJ+eeXWHFBOPoBOi20jh6Iq2CcCREuTYufE=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.36.0/go.mod h1:zC7Ks+yeyJt4xig9DEw9kuUFe5C3zLbVjV2PzT6qzbs=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.43.0/go.mod h1:RDnPtIxvqlgO8GRW18W6Z/4P462ldprJtfxHxyKd2PY=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.36.0 h1:b6SYIuLRs88ztox4EyrvRti80uXIFy+Sqzoh9kFULbs=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.36.0/go.mod h1:+lC+mTgD+MUWfjJubi2vvXWcVxyr9rmlshZni72pXeY=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric v1.36.0 h1:r0ntwwGosWGaa0CrSt8cuNuTcccMXERFwHX4dThiPis=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric v1.36.0/go.mod h1:qTNOhFDfKRwX0yXOqJYegL5WRaW376QbB7P4Pb0qva4=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.36.0 h1:ahxWNuqZjpdiFAyrIoQ4GIiAIhxAunQR6MUoKrsNd4w=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.36.0/go.mod h1:gQ+OnDZzrybY4k4seLzPAWNwVBBVlF2szhehOBB/tGA=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.43.0/go.mod h1:/QJhyVBUUswCphDVxq+8mld+AvhXZLhe+8WVFxiFff0=
 go.uber.org/atomic v1.7.0/go.mod h1:fEN4uk6kAWBTFdckzkM89CLk9XfWZrxpCo0nPH17wJc=
 go.uber.org/dig v1.17.1 h1:Tga8Lz8PcYNsWsyHMZ1Vm0OQOUaJNDyvPImgbAu9YSc=
 go.uber.org/dig v1.17.1/go.mod h1:Us0rSJiThwCv2GteUN0Q7OKvU7n5J4dxZ9JKUXozFdE=
@@ -607,6 +616,7 @@ go.uber.org/multierr v1.11.0/go.mod h1:20+QtiLqy0Nd6FdQB9TLXag12DsQkrbs3htMFfDN8
 go.uber.org/zap v1.19.1/go.mod h1:j3DNczoxDZroyBnOT1L/Q79cfUMGZxlv/9dzN7SM1rI=
 go.uber.org/zap v1.27.0 h1:aJMhYGrd5QSmlpLMr2MftRKl7t8J8PTZPA732ud/XR8=
 go.uber.org/zap v1.27.0/go.mod h1:GB2qFLM7cTU87MWRP2mPIjqfIDnGu+VIO4V/SdhGo2E=
+go.uber.org/zap v1.28.0/go.mod h1:rDLpOi171uODNm/mxFcuYWxDsqWSAVkFdX4XojSKg/Q=
 go4.org/netipx v0.0.0-20231129151722-fdeea329fbba h1:0b9z3AuHCjxk0x/opv64kcgZLBseWJUpBw5I82+2U4M=
 go4.org/netipx v0.0.0-20231129151722-fdeea329fbba/go.mod h1:PLyyIXexvUFg3Owu6p/WfdlivPbZJsZdgWZlrGope/Y=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20180904163835-0709b304e793/go.mod h1:6SG95UA2DQfeDnfUPMdvaQW0Q7yPrPDi9nlGo2tz2b4=
@@ -622,6 +632,7 @@ golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20210921155107-089bfa567519/go.mod h1:GvvjBRRGRdwPK5y
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.3.0/go.mod h1:hebNnKkNXi2UzZN1eVRvBB7co0a+JxK6XbPiWVs/3J4=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.41.0 h1:WKYxWedPGCTVVl5+WHSSrOBT0O8lx32+zxmHxijgXp4=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.41.0/go.mod h1:pO5AFd7FA68rFak7rOAGVuygIISepHftHnr8dr6+sUc=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.57.0/go.mod h1:Fdz0i5U6CoizGwLda9DttjSk6qlZo25zYNtR+ycvuZA=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20190121172915-509febef88a4/go.mod h1:CJ0aWSM057203Lf6IL+f9T1iT9GByDxfZKAQTCR3kQA=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20250408133849-7e4ce0ab07d0 h1:R84qjqJb5nVJMxqWYb3np9L5ZsaDtB+a39EqjV0JSUM=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20250408133849-7e4ce0ab07d0/go.mod h1:S9Xr4PYopiDyqSyp5NjCrhFrqg6A5zA2E/iPHPhqnS8=
@@ -635,6 +646,7 @@ golang.org/x/mod v0.4.2/go.mod h1:s0Qsj1ACt9ePp/hMypM3fl4fZqREWJwdYDEqhRiZZUA=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.6.0-dev.0.20220419223038-86c51ed26bb4/go.mod h1:jJ57K6gSWd91VN4djpZkiMVwK6gcyfeH4XE8wZrZaV4=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.27.0 h1:kb+q2PyFnEADO2IEF935ehFUXlWiNjJWtRNgBLSfbxQ=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.27.0/go.mod h1:rWI627Fq0DEoudcK+MBkNkCe0EetEaDSwJJkCcjpazc=
+golang.org/x/mod v0.41.0/go.mod h1:Ek9pY8RKWXwsWvd3rQiHYtMqkjSUV+s1Rj7j4H5Ur6o=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20180724234803-3673e40ba225/go.mod h1:mL1N/T3taQHkDXs73rZJwtUhF3w3ftmwwsq0BUmARs4=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20180826012351-8a410e7b638d/go.mod h1:mL1N/T3taQHkDXs73rZJwtUhF3w3ftmwwsq0BUmARs4=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20181114220301-adae6a3d119a/go.mod h1:mL1N/T3taQHkDXs73rZJwtUhF3w3ftmwwsq0BUmARs4=
@@ -654,6 +666,7 @@ golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20220722155237-a158d28d115b/go.mod h1:XRhObCWvk6IyKnWLug
 golang.org/x/net v0.2.0/go.mod h1:KqCZLdyyvdV855qA2rE3GC2aiw5xGR5TEjj8smXukLY=
 golang.org/x/net v0.43.0 h1:lat02VYK2j4aLzMzecihNvTlJNQUq316m2Mr9rnM6YE=
 golang.org/x/net v0.43.0/go.mod h1:vhO1fvI4dGsIjh73sWfUVjj3N7CA9WkKJNQm2svM6Jg=
+golang.org/x/net v0.59.0/go.mod h1:2DA/G1UfVbCpQPeWTmMPGY7Cs2PkBkwu743bVX5PIVg=
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20180821212333-d2e6202438be/go.mod h1:N/0e6XlmueqKjAGxoOufVs8QHGRruUQn6yWY3a++T0U=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20180314180146-1d60e4601c6f/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20181108010431-42b317875d0f/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
@@ -666,6 +679,7 @@ golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20210220032951-036812b2e83c/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJ
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20220722155255-886fb9371eb4/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.20.0 h1:e0PTpb7pjO8GAtTs2dQ6jYa5BWYlMuX047Dco/pItO4=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.20.0/go.mod h1:9xrNwdLfx4jkKbNva9FpL6vEN7evnE43NNNJQ2LF3+0=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.23.0/go.mod h1:sUUOizhqBxiL6pEWpqNLUiaJn1ShEbZ6BBqskPbjZm0=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20180823144017-11551d06cbcc/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20180830151530-49385e6e1522/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20180905080454-ebe1bf3edb33/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
@@ -700,6 +714,7 @@ golang.org/x/sys v0.6.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.10.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.45.0 h1:dO4czNzziLiiXplLQgBCEpCvXQ3dnkn0SdaZSYdQ+FY=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.45.0/go.mod h1:4GL1E5IUh+htKOUEOaiffhrAeqysfVGipDYzABqnCmw=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.48.0/go.mod h1:hNLxWAXmnKAxqDtdwIYC4bM9oQPEecfsnNMuSxOs3og=
 golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20201126162022-7de9c90e9dd1/go.mod h1:bj7SfCRtBDWHUb9snDiAeCFNEtKQo2Wmx5Cou7ajbmo=
 golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20210927222741-03fcf44c2211/go.mod h1:jbD1KX2456YbFQfuXm/mYQcufACuNUgVhRMnK/tPxf8=
 golang.org/x/term v0.2.0/go.mod h1:TVmDHMZPmdnySmBfhjOoOdhjzdE1h4u1VwSiw2l1Nuc=
@@ -711,8 +726,10 @@ golang.org/x/text v0.3.7/go.mod h1:u+2+/6zg+i71rQMx5EYifcz6MCKuco9NR6JIITiCfzQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.4.0/go.mod h1:mrYo+phRRbMaCq/xk9113O4dZlRixOauAjOtrjsXDZ8=
 golang.org/x/text v0.28.0 h1:rhazDwis8INMIwQ4tpjLDzUhx6RlXqZNPEM0huQojng=
 golang.org/x/text v0.28.0/go.mod h1:U8nCwOR8jO/marOQ0QbDiOngZVEBB7MAiitBuMjXiNU=
+golang.org/x/text v0.42.0/go.mod h1:ojzP1Z+2QtioaF8DTtO8K5q7JWVVYwZKenzujK0Zd0E=
 golang.org/x/time v0.11.0 h1:/bpjEDfN9tkoN/ryeYHnv5hcMlc8ncjMcM4XBk5NWV0=
 golang.org/x/time v0.11.0/go.mod h1:CDIdPxbZBQxdj6cxyCIdrNogrJKMJ7pr37NYpMcMDSg=
+golang.org/x/time v0.16.0/go.mod h1:rVKOqvZeKvrDKTQiAHJ7wmwP0RzleSphoEA9RcdLA0s=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20180917221912-90fa682c2a6e/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGmLbDWY5pfWTLqBcC2KZ6jyYvM4mQ=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190114222345-bf090417da8b/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGmLbDWY5pfWTLqBcC2KZ6jyYvM4mQ=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190226205152-f727befe758c/go.mod h1:9Yl7xja0Znq3iFh3HoIrodX9oNMXvdceNzlUR8zjMvY=
@@ -727,6 +744,7 @@ golang.org/x/tools v0.1.5/go.mod h1:o0xws9oXOQQZyjljx8fwUC0k7L1pTE6eaCbjGeHmOkk=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.1.12/go.mod h1:hNGJHUnrk76NpqgfD5Aqm5Crs+Hm0VOH/i9J2+nxYbc=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.36.0 h1:kWS0uv/zsvHEle1LbV5LE8QujrxB3wfQyxHfhOk0Qkg=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.36.0/go.mod h1:WBDiHKJK8YgLHlcQPYQzNCkUxUypCaa5ZegCVutKm+s=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.50.0/go.mod h1:7ulVMw3831Mwi5EZD6RomGyffr4VFjuNYXf2BbCEAV0=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20190717185122-a985d3407aa7/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191011141410-1b5146add898/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191204190536-9bdfabe68543/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
@@ -745,6 +763,7 @@ google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20190819201941-24fa4b261c55/go.mod h1:DMBHOl98
 google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20200526211855-cb27e3aa2013/go.mod h1:NbSheEEYHJ7i3ixzK3sjbqSGDJWnxyFXZblF3eUsNvo=
 google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20250528174236-200df99c418a h1:v2PbRU4K3llS09c7zodFpNePeamkAwG3mPrAery9VeE=
 google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20250528174236-200df99c418a/go.mod h1:qQ0YXyHHx3XkvlzUtpXDkS29lDSafHMZBAZDc03LQ3A=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20260427160629-7cedc36a6bc4/go.mod h1:4Hqkh8ycfw05ld/3BWL7rJOSfebL2Q+DVDeRgYgxUU8=
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.19.0/go.mod h1:mqu4LbDTu4XGKhr4mRzUsmM4RtVoemTSY81AxZiDr8c=
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.20.1/go.mod h1:10oTOabMzJvdu6/UiuZezV6QK5dSlG84ov/aaiqXj38=
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.23.0/go.mod h1:Y5yQAOtifL1yxbo5wqy6BxZv8vAUGQwXBOALyacEbxg=
@@ -753,6 +772,7 @@ google.golang.org/grpc v1.27.0/go.mod h1:qbnxyOmOxrQa7FizSgH+ReBfzJrCY1pSN7KXBS8
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.33.2/go.mod h1:JMHMWHQWaTccqQQlmk3MJZS+GWXOdAesneDmEnv2fbc=
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.74.2 h1:WoosgB65DlWVC9FqI82dGsZhWFNBSLjQ84bjROOpMu4=
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.74.2/go.mod h1:CtQ+BGjaAIXHs/5YS3i473GqwBBa1zGQNevxdeBEXrM=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.81.0/go.mod h1:xGH9GfzOyMTGIOXBJmXt+BX/V0kcdQbdcuwQ/zNw42I=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v0.0.0-20200109180630-ec00e32a8dfd/go.mod h1:DFci5gLYBciE7Vtevhsrf46CRTquxDuWsQurQQe4oz8=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v0.0.0-20200221191635-4d8936d0db64/go.mod h1:kwYJMbMJ01Woi6D6+Kah6886xMZcty6N08ah7+eCXa0=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v0.0.0-20200228230310-ab0ca4ff8a60/go.mod h1:cfTl7dwQJ+fmap5saPgwCLgHXTUD7jkjRqWcaiX5VyM=
@@ -764,6 +784,7 @@ google.golang.org/protobuf v1.23.1-0.20200526195155-81db48ad09cc/go.mod h1:EGpAD
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.25.0/go.mod h1:9JNX74DMeImyA3h4bdi1ymwjUzf21/xIlbajtzgsN7c=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.9 h1:w2gp2mA27hUeUzj9Ex9FBjsBm40zfaDtEWow293U7Iw=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.9/go.mod h1:fuxRtAxBytpl4zzqUh6/eyUujkJdNiuEkXntxiD/uRU=
+google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.12/go.mod h1:HTf+CrKn2C3g5S8VImy6tdcUvCska2kB7j23XfzDpco=
 gopkg.in/alecthomas/kingpin.v2 v2.2.6/go.mod h1:FMv+mEhP44yOT+4EoQTLFTRgOQ1FBLkstjWtayDeSgw=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20180628173108-788fd7840127/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=

go.mod

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ go 1.26.0
 
 require (
 	charm.land/bubbles/v2 v2.0.0
-	charm.land/bubbletea/v2 v2.0.2
+	charm.land/bubbletea/v2 v2.0.10
 	charm.land/huh/v2 v2.0.1
 	charm.land/lipgloss/v2 v2.0.1
 	github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.6.0
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0
 	github.com/jmoiron/sqlx v1.4.0
 	github.com/mattn/go-shellwords v1.0.12
+	github.com/mholt/acmez/v3 v3.1.6
 	github.com/miekg/dns v1.1.73
 	github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure v1.5.0
 	github.com/moby/term v0.5.2
@@ -61,27 +62,14 @@ require (
 )
 
 require (
-	cel.dev/expr v0.25.1 // indirect
-	cloud.google.com/go/auth v0.20.0 // indirect
-	cloud.google.com/go/auth/oauth2adapt v0.2.8 // indirect
-	cloud.google.com/go/compute/metadata v0.9.0 // indirect
-	dario.cat/mergo v1.0.2 // indirect
-	filippo.io/bigmod v0.1.0 // indirect
-	filippo.io/edwards25519 v1.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/AlecAivazis/survey/v2 v2.3.7 // indirect
-	github.com/AndreasBriese/bbloom v0.0.0-20190825152654-46b345b51c96 // indirect
 	github.com/Azure/go-ansiterm v0.0.0-20250102033503-faa5f7b0171c // indirect
 	github.com/DefangLabs/secret-detector v0.0.0-20250403165618-22662109213e // indirect
-	github.com/KimMachineGun/automemlimit v0.7.5 // indirect
-	github.com/Masterminds/goutils v1.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/Masterminds/semver/v3 v3.4.0 // indirect
-	github.com/Masterminds/sprig/v3 v3.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.2 // indirect
 	github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim v0.13.0 // indirect
 	github.com/acarl005/stripansi v0.0.0-20180116102854-5a71ef0e047d // indirect
-	github.com/antlr4-go/antlr/v4 v4.13.1 // indirect
 	github.com/apparentlymart/go-textseg/v15 v15.0.0 // indirect
-	github.com/aryann/difflib v0.0.0-20210328193216-ff5ff6dc229b // indirect
 	github.com/atotto/clipboard v0.1.4 // indirect
 	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2 v1.41.7 // indirect
 	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/config v1.32.17 // indirect
@@ -101,20 +89,16 @@ require (
 	github.com/buger/goterm v1.0.4 // indirect
 	github.com/caddyserver/zerossl v0.1.5 // indirect
 	github.com/catppuccin/go v0.3.0 // indirect
-	github.com/ccoveille/go-safecast/v2 v2.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v5 v5.0.3 // indirect
-	github.com/cespare/xxhash v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 // indirect
-	github.com/charmbracelet/ultraviolet v0.0.0-20260525132238-948f4557a654 // indirect
+	github.com/charmbracelet/ultraviolet v0.0.0-20260703014108-f5a850f9c2b7 // indirect
 	github.com/charmbracelet/x/exp/ordered v0.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/charmbracelet/x/exp/strings v0.0.0-20240919170804-a4978c8e603a // indirect
 	github.com/charmbracelet/x/term v0.2.2 // indirect
 	github.com/charmbracelet/x/termios v0.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/charmbracelet/x/windows v0.2.2 // indirect
-	github.com/chzyer/readline v1.5.1 // indirect
 	github.com/clipperhouse/displaywidth v0.11.0 // indirect
 	github.com/clipperhouse/uax29/v2 v2.7.0 // indirect
-	github.com/cloudflare/circl v1.6.3 // indirect
 	github.com/containerd/cgroups/v3 v3.0.5 // indirect
 	github.com/containerd/console v1.0.5 // indirect
 	github.com/containerd/containerd/api v1.9.0 // indirect
@@ -127,13 +111,8 @@ require (
 	github.com/containerd/stargz-snapshotter/estargz v0.16.3 // indirect
 	github.com/containerd/ttrpc v1.2.7 // indirect
 	github.com/containerd/typeurl/v2 v2.2.3 // indirect
-	github.com/coreos/go-oidc/v3 v3.17.0 // indirect
 	github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2 v2.0.7 // indirect
 	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.2-0.20180830191138-d8f796af33cc // indirect
-	github.com/dgraph-io/badger v1.6.2 // indirect
-	github.com/dgraph-io/badger/v2 v2.2007.4 // indirect
-	github.com/dgraph-io/ristretto v0.2.0 // indirect
-	github.com/dgryski/go-farm v0.0.0-20200201041132-a6ae2369ad13 // indirect
 	github.com/dgryski/go-rendezvous v0.0.0-20200823014737-9f7001d12a5f // indirect
 	github.com/distribution/distribution/v3 v3.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/dlclark/regexp2 v1.12.0 // indirect
@@ -151,14 +130,11 @@ require (
 	github.com/fsnotify/fsevents v0.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/fvbommel/sortorder v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2 v2.9.0 // indirect
-	github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v3 v3.0.5 // indirect
-	github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v4 v4.1.4 // indirect
 	github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.3 // indirect
 	github.com/go-logr/stdr v1.2.2 // indirect
 	github.com/go-openapi/jsonpointer v0.21.0 // indirect
 	github.com/go-openapi/jsonreference v0.20.2 // indirect
 	github.com/go-openapi/swag v0.23.0 // indirect
-	github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql v1.9.3 // indirect
 	github.com/go-viper/mapstructure/v2 v2.4.0 // indirect
 	github.com/godbus/dbus/v5 v5.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/gofrs/flock v0.12.1 // indirect
@@ -166,14 +142,9 @@ require (
 	github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v5 v5.3.1 // indirect
 	github.com/golang/groupcache v0.0.0-20210331224755-41bb18bfe9da // indirect
 	github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.4 // indirect
-	github.com/golang/snappy v0.0.4 // indirect
-	github.com/google/cel-go v0.28.1 // indirect
 	github.com/google/gnostic-models v0.6.8 // indirect
 	github.com/google/gofuzz v1.2.0 // indirect
-	github.com/google/s2a-go v0.1.9 // indirect
 	github.com/google/shlex v0.0.0-20191202100458-e7afc7fbc510 // indirect
-	github.com/googleapis/enterprise-certificate-proxy v0.3.15 // indirect
-	github.com/googleapis/gax-go/v2 v2.22.0 // indirect
 	github.com/gorilla/handlers v1.5.2 // indirect
 	github.com/gorilla/mux v1.8.1 // indirect
 	github.com/gorilla/websocket v1.5.3 // indirect
@@ -184,15 +155,11 @@ require (
 	github.com/hashicorp/go-version v1.7.0 // indirect
 	github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru/arc/v2 v2.0.7 // indirect
 	github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru/v2 v2.0.7 // indirect
-	github.com/huandu/xstrings v1.5.0 // indirect
+	github.com/hashicorp/hcl v1.0.1-vault-7 // indirect
 	github.com/in-toto/in-toto-golang v0.9.0 // indirect
 	github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/inhies/go-bytesize v0.0.0-20220417184213-4913239db9cf // indirect
 	github.com/ishidawataru/sctp v0.0.0-20230406120618-7ff4192f6ff2 // indirect
-	github.com/jackc/pgpassfile v1.0.0 // indirect
-	github.com/jackc/pgservicefile v0.0.0-20240606120523-5a60cdf6a761 // indirect
-	github.com/jackc/pgx/v5 v5.9.2 // indirect
-	github.com/jackc/puddle/v2 v2.2.2 // indirect
 	github.com/jonboulle/clockwork v0.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/josharian/intern v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/josharian/native v1.1.0 // indirect
@@ -205,7 +172,6 @@ require (
 	github.com/libdns/libdns v1.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/lucasb-eyer/go-colorful v1.4.0 // indirect
 	github.com/mailru/easyjson v0.7.7 // indirect
-	github.com/manifoldco/promptui v0.9.0 // indirect
 	github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.14 // indirect
 	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20 // indirect
 	github.com/mattn/go-runewidth v0.0.23 // indirect
@@ -213,13 +179,9 @@ require (
 	github.com/mdlayher/netlink v1.7.2 // indirect
 	github.com/mdlayher/socket v0.5.1 // indirect
 	github.com/mgutz/ansi v0.0.0-20200706080929-d51e80ef957d // indirect
-	github.com/mholt/acmez/v3 v3.1.6 // indirect
 	github.com/miekg/pkcs11 v1.1.2 // indirect
-	github.com/mitchellh/copystructure v1.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/mitchellh/go-homedir v1.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/mitchellh/go-ps v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/mitchellh/hashstructure/v2 v2.0.2 // indirect
-	github.com/mitchellh/reflectwalk v1.0.2 // indirect
 	github.com/moby/buildkit v0.25.0 // indirect
 	github.com/moby/docker-image-spec v1.3.1 // indirect
 	github.com/moby/go-archive v0.1.0 // indirect
@@ -245,9 +207,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec v1.2.1 // indirect
 	github.com/opencontainers/selinux v1.12.0 // indirect
 	github.com/opentracing/opentracing-go v1.2.0 // indirect
-	github.com/pbnjay/memory v0.0.0-20210728143218-7b4eea64cf58 // indirect
 	github.com/pelletier/go-toml v1.9.5 // indirect
-	github.com/pires/go-proxyproto v0.12.0 // indirect
 	github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 // indirect
 	github.com/planetscale/vtprotobuf v0.6.1-0.20240319094008-0393e58bdf10 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.3 // indirect
@@ -261,28 +221,17 @@ require (
 	github.com/redis/go-redis/v9 v9.7.3 // indirect
 	github.com/remyoudompheng/bigfft v0.0.0-20230129092748-24d4a6f8daec // indirect
 	github.com/rivo/uniseg v0.4.7 // indirect
-	github.com/rs/xid v1.6.0 // indirect
 	github.com/russross/blackfriday/v2 v2.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/santhosh-tekuri/jsonschema/v6 v6.0.2 // indirect
 	github.com/secure-systems-lab/go-securesystemslib v0.6.0 // indirect
 	github.com/serialx/hashring v0.0.0-20200727003509-22c0c7ab6b1b // indirect
 	github.com/shibumi/go-pathspec v1.3.0 // indirect
-	github.com/shopspring/decimal v1.4.0 // indirect
-	github.com/shurcooL/sanitized_anchor_name v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.9.4 // indirect
 	github.com/skratchdot/open-golang v0.0.0-20200116055534-eef842397966 // indirect
-	github.com/slackhq/nebula v1.10.3 // indirect
+	github.com/spf13/afero v1.14.0 // indirect
-	github.com/smallstep/certificates v0.30.2 // indirect
+	github.com/spf13/viper v1.12.0 // indirect
-	github.com/smallstep/cli-utils v0.12.2 // indirect
-	github.com/smallstep/linkedca v0.25.0 // indirect
-	github.com/smallstep/nosql v0.8.0 // indirect
-	github.com/smallstep/pkcs7 v0.2.1 // indirect
-	github.com/smallstep/scep v0.0.0-20250318231241-a25cabb69492 // indirect
-	github.com/smallstep/truststore v0.13.0 // indirect
-	github.com/spf13/cast v1.7.0 // indirect
 	github.com/stretchr/objx v0.5.3 // indirect
-	github.com/tailscale/go-winio v0.0.0-20231025203758-c4f33415bf55 // indirect
+	github.com/subosito/gotenv v1.4.1 // indirect
-	github.com/tailscale/tscert v0.0.0-20251216020129-aea342f6d747 // indirect
 	github.com/theupdateframework/notary v0.7.0 // indirect
 	github.com/tilt-dev/fsnotify v1.4.8-0.20220602155310-fff9c274a375 // indirect
 	github.com/tonistiigi/dchapes-mode v0.0.0-20250318174251-73d941a28323 // indirect
@@ -290,7 +239,6 @@ require (
 	github.com/tonistiigi/go-csvvalue v0.0.0-20240814133006-030d3b2625d0 // indirect
 	github.com/tonistiigi/units v0.0.0-20180711220420-6950e57a87ea // indirect
 	github.com/tonistiigi/vt100 v0.0.0-20240514184818-90bafcd6abab // indirect
-	github.com/urfave/cli v1.22.17 // indirect
 	github.com/vbatts/tar-split v0.12.1 // indirect
 	github.com/vishvananda/netns v0.0.5 // indirect
 	github.com/x448/float16 v0.8.4 // indirect
@@ -298,7 +246,6 @@ require (
 	github.com/xo/terminfo v0.0.0-20220910002029-abceb7e1c41e // indirect
 	github.com/zclconf/go-cty v1.17.0 // indirect
 	github.com/zeebo/blake3 v0.2.4 // indirect
-	go.etcd.io/bbolt v1.4.3 // indirect
 	go.opencensus.io v0.24.0 // indirect
 	go.opentelemetry.io/auto/sdk v1.2.1 // indirect
 	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/bridges/prometheus v0.68.0 // indirect
@@ -325,29 +272,22 @@ require (
 	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric v1.43.0 // indirect
 	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.43.0 // indirect
 	go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v1.10.0 // indirect
-	go.step.sm/crypto v0.81.0 // indirect
-	go.uber.org/automaxprocs v1.6.0 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/mock v0.6.0 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/multierr v1.11.0 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/zap v1.28.0 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/zap/exp v0.3.0 // indirect
 	go.yaml.in/yaml/v3 v3.0.5 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/crypto/x509roots/fallback v0.0.0-20260213171211-a408498e5541 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20251023183803-a4bb9ffd2546 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.36.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/text v0.42.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/time v0.16.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/tools v0.50.0 // indirect
 	golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard v0.0.0-20231211153847-12269c276173 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/api v0.277.0 // indirect
 	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20260406210006-6f92a3bedf2d // indirect
-	google.golang.org/grpc/cmd/protoc-gen-go-grpc v1.5.1 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/evanphx/json-patch.v4 v4.12.0 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/inf.v0 v0.9.1 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/ini.v1 v1.67.0 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
-	howett.net/plist v1.0.0 // indirect
 	k8s.io/api v0.32.3 // indirect
 	k8s.io/apimachinery v0.32.3 // indirect
 	k8s.io/client-go v0.32.3 // indirect
@@ -361,5 +301,3 @@ require (
 	sigs.k8s.io/structured-merge-diff/v4 v4.4.2 // indirect
 	sigs.k8s.io/yaml v1.4.0 // indirect
 )
-
-replace charm.land/bubbletea/v2 => github.com/unlabs-dev/bubbletea/v2 v2.0.8-uncloud.1

go.sum

@@ -1,32 +1,14 @@
-cel.dev/expr v0.25.1 h1:1KrZg61W6TWSxuNZ37Xy49ps13NUovb66QLprthtwi4=
-cel.dev/expr v0.25.1/go.mod h1:hrXvqGP6G6gyx8UAHSHJ5RGk//1Oj5nXQ2NI02Nrsg4=
 charm.land/bubbles/v2 v2.0.0 h1:tE3eK/pHjmtrDiRdoC9uGNLgpopOd8fjhEe31B/ai5s=
 charm.land/bubbles/v2 v2.0.0/go.mod h1:rCHoleP2XhU8um45NTuOWBPNVHxnkXKTiZqcclL/qOI=
+charm.land/bubbletea/v2 v2.0.10 h1:oolvo20VBpI0PfqE7iFjkZ1bx0WpmXGfnKz5Yldjq5o=
+charm.land/bubbletea/v2 v2.0.10/go.mod h1:QOatcnhOjYIfxzUSTz6raF7Ex4R/rIuHa3SnBdCCpMc=
 charm.land/huh/v2 v2.0.1 h1:9vhBjlIDuikdPKH+qnoG++GERVxqY0Lkv14xW57lj98=
 charm.land/huh/v2 v2.0.1/go.mod h1:93eEveeeqn47MwiC3tf+2atZ2l7Is88rAtmZNZ8x9Wc=
 charm.land/lipgloss/v2 v2.0.1 h1:6Xzrn49+Py1Um5q/wZG1gWgER2+7dUyZ9XMEufqPSys=
 charm.land/lipgloss/v2 v2.0.1/go.mod h1:KjPle2Qd3YmvP1KL5OMHiHysGcNwq6u83MUjYkFvEkM=
 cloud.google.com/go v0.26.0/go.mod h1:aQUYkXzVsufM+DwF1aE+0xfcU+56JwCaLick0ClmMTw=
-cloud.google.com/go v0.123.0 h1:2NAUJwPR47q+E35uaJeYoNhuNEM9kM8SjgRgdeOJUSE=
-cloud.google.com/go v0.123.0/go.mod h1:xBoMV08QcqUGuPW65Qfm1o9Y4zKZBpGS+7bImXLTAZU=
-cloud.google.com/go/auth v0.20.0 h1:kXTssoVb4azsVDoUiF8KvxAqrsQcQtB53DcSgta74CA=
-cloud.google.com/go/auth v0.20.0/go.mod h1:942/yi/itH1SsmpyrbnTMDgGfdy2BUqIKyd0cyYLc5Q=
-cloud.google.com/go/auth/oauth2adapt v0.2.8 h1:keo8NaayQZ6wimpNSmW5OPc283g65QNIiLpZnkHRbnc=
-cloud.google.com/go/auth/oauth2adapt v0.2.8/go.mod h1:XQ9y31RkqZCcwJWNSx2Xvric3RrU88hAYYbjDWYDL+c=
-cloud.google.com/go/compute/metadata v0.9.0 h1:pDUj4QMoPejqq20dK0Pg2N4yG9zIkYGdBtwLoEkH9Zs=
-cloud.google.com/go/compute/metadata v0.9.0/go.mod h1:E0bWwX5wTnLPedCKqk3pJmVgCBSM6qQI1yTBdEb3C10=
-cloud.google.com/go/iam v1.7.0 h1:JD3zh0C6LHl16aCn5Akff0+GELdp1+4hmh6ndoFLl8U=
-cloud.google.com/go/iam v1.7.0/go.mod h1:tetWZW1PD/m6vcuY2Zj/aU0eCHNPuxedbnbRTyKXvdY=
-cloud.google.com/go/kms v1.31.0 h1:LS8N92OxFDgOLg5NCo3OmbvjtQAIVT5gUHVLKIDHaFE=
-cloud.google.com/go/kms v1.31.0/go.mod h1:YIyXZym11R5uovJJt4oN5eUL3oPmirF3yKeIh6QAf4U=
-cloud.google.com/go/longrunning v0.9.0 h1:0EzbDEGsAvOZNbqXopgniY0w0a1phvu5IdUFq8grmqY=
-cloud.google.com/go/longrunning v0.9.0/go.mod h1:pkTz846W7bF4o2SzdWJ40Hu0Re+UoNT6Q5t+igIcb8E=
 code.pfad.fr/check v1.1.0 h1:GWvjdzhSEgHvEHe2uJujDcpmZoySKuHQNrZMfzfO0bE=
 code.pfad.fr/check v1.1.0/go.mod h1:NiUH13DtYsb7xp5wll0U4SXx7KhXQVCtRgdC96IPfoM=
-dario.cat/mergo v1.0.2 h1:85+piFYR1tMbRrLcDwR18y4UKJ3aH1Tbzi24VRW1TK8=
-dario.cat/mergo v1.0.2/go.mod h1:E/hbnu0NxMFBjpMIE34DRGLWqDy0g5FuKDhCb31ngxA=
-filippo.io/bigmod v0.1.0 h1:UNzDk7y9ADKST+axd9skUpBQeW7fG2KrTZyOE4uGQy8=
-filippo.io/bigmod v0.1.0/go.mod h1:OjOXDNlClLblvXdwgFFOQFJEocLhhtai8vGLy0JCZlI=
 filippo.io/edwards25519 v1.1.0/go.mod h1:BxyFTGdWcka3PhytdK4V28tE5sGfRvvvRV7EaN4VDT4=
 filippo.io/edwards25519 v1.2.0 h1:crnVqOiS4jqYleHd9vaKZ+HKtHfllngJIiOpNpoJsjo=
 filippo.io/edwards25519 v1.2.0/go.mod h1:xzAOLCNug/yB62zG1bQ8uziwrIqIuxhctzJT18Q77mc=
@@ -34,30 +16,19 @@ github.com/AdaLogics/go-fuzz-headers v0.0.0-20240806141605-e8a1dd7889d6 h1:He8af
 github.com/AdaLogics/go-fuzz-headers v0.0.0-20240806141605-e8a1dd7889d6/go.mod h1:8o94RPi1/7XTJvwPpRSzSUedZrtlirdB3r9Z20bi2f8=
 github.com/AlecAivazis/survey/v2 v2.3.7 h1:6I/u8FvytdGsgonrYsVn2t8t4QiRnh6QSTqkkhIiSjQ=
 github.com/AlecAivazis/survey/v2 v2.3.7/go.mod h1:xUTIdE4KCOIjsBAE1JYsUPoCqYdZ1reCfTwbto0Fduo=
-github.com/AndreasBriese/bbloom v0.0.0-20190825152654-46b345b51c96 h1:cTp8I5+VIoKjsnZuH8vjyaysT/ses3EvZeaV/1UkF2M=
-github.com/AndreasBriese/bbloom v0.0.0-20190825152654-46b345b51c96/go.mod h1:bOvUY6CB00SOBii9/FifXqc0awNKxLFCL/+pkDPuyl8=
 github.com/Azure/go-ansiterm v0.0.0-20250102033503-faa5f7b0171c h1:udKWzYgxTojEKWjV8V+WSxDXJ4NFATAsZjh8iIbsQIg=
 github.com/Azure/go-ansiterm v0.0.0-20250102033503-faa5f7b0171c/go.mod h1:xomTg63KZ2rFqZQzSB4Vz2SUXa1BpHTVz9L5PTmPC4E=
 github.com/BurntSushi/toml v0.3.1/go.mod h1:xHWCNGjB5oqiDr8zfno3MHue2Ht5sIBksp03qcyfWMU=
-github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.5.0/go.mod h1:ukJfTF/6rtPPRCnwkur4qwRxa8vTRFBF0uk2lLoLwho=
 github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.6.0 h1:dRaEfpa2VI55EwlIW72hMRHdWouJeRF7TPYhI+AUQjk=
 github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.6.0/go.mod h1:ukJfTF/6rtPPRCnwkur4qwRxa8vTRFBF0uk2lLoLwho=
-github.com/DeRuina/timberjack v1.4.2 h1:4bKlzhKdsR+2oNkgef9mqb4n11ICow8VK88RfzJPzN8=
-github.com/DeRuina/timberjack v1.4.2/go.mod h1:RLoeQrwrCGIEF8gO5nV5b/gMD0QIy7bzQhBUgpp1EqE=
 github.com/DefangLabs/secret-detector v0.0.0-20250403165618-22662109213e h1:rd4bOvKmDIx0WeTv9Qz+hghsgyjikFiPrseXHlKepO0=
 github.com/DefangLabs/secret-detector v0.0.0-20250403165618-22662109213e/go.mod h1:blbwPQh4DTlCZEfk1BLU4oMIhLda2U+A840Uag9DsZw=
-github.com/KimMachineGun/automemlimit v0.7.5 h1:RkbaC0MwhjL1ZuBKunGDjE/ggwAX43DwZrJqVwyveTk=
-github.com/KimMachineGun/automemlimit v0.7.5/go.mod h1:QZxpHaGOQoYvFhv/r4u3U0JTC2ZcOwbSr11UZF46UBM=
 github.com/MakeNowJust/heredoc v1.0.0 h1:cXCdzVdstXyiTqTvfqk9SDHpKNjxuom+DOlyEeQ4pzQ=
 github.com/MakeNowJust/heredoc v1.0.0/go.mod h1:mG5amYoWBHf8vpLOuehzbGGw0EHxpZZ6lCpQ4fNJ8LE=
-github.com/Masterminds/goutils v1.1.1 h1:5nUrii3FMTL5diU80unEVvNevw1nH4+ZV4DSLVJLSYI=
-github.com/Masterminds/goutils v1.1.1/go.mod h1:8cTjp+g8YejhMuvIA5y2vz3BpJxksy863GQaJW2MFNU=
 github.com/Masterminds/semver v1.5.0 h1:H65muMkzWKEuNDnfl9d70GUjFniHKHRbFPGBuZ3QEww=
 github.com/Masterminds/semver v1.5.0/go.mod h1:MB6lktGJrhw8PrUyiEoblNEGEQ+RzHPF078ddwwvV3Y=
 github.com/Masterminds/semver/v3 v3.4.0 h1:Zog+i5UMtVoCU8oKka5P7i9q9HgrJeGzI9SA1Xbatp0=
 github.com/Masterminds/semver/v3 v3.4.0/go.mod h1:4V+yj/TJE1HU9XfppCwVMZq3I84lprf4nC11bSS5beM=
-github.com/Masterminds/sprig/v3 v3.3.0 h1:mQh0Yrg1XPo6vjYXgtf5OtijNAKJRNcTdOOGZe3tPhs=
-github.com/Masterminds/sprig/v3 v3.3.0/go.mod h1:Zy1iXRYNqNLUolqCpL4uhk6SHUMAOSCzdgBfDb35Lz0=
 github.com/Masterminds/squirrel v1.5.4 h1:uUcX/aBc8O7Fg9kaISIUsHXdKuqehiXAMQTYX8afzqM=
 github.com/Masterminds/squirrel v1.5.4/go.mod h1:NNaOrjSoIDfDA40n7sr2tPNZRfjzjA400rg+riTZj10=
 github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.2 h1:F2VQgta7ecxGYO8k3ZZz3RS8fVIXVxONVUPlNERoyfY=
@@ -66,9 +37,6 @@ github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim v0.13.0 h1:/BcXOiS6Qi7N9XqUcv27vkIuVOkBEcWstd2pMlWS
 github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim v0.13.0/go.mod h1:9KWJ/8DgU+QzYGupX4tzMhRQE8h6w90lH6HAaclpEok=
 github.com/Netflix/go-expect v0.0.0-20220104043353-73e0943537d2 h1:+vx7roKuyA63nhn5WAunQHLTznkw5W8b1Xc0dNjp83s=
 github.com/Netflix/go-expect v0.0.0-20220104043353-73e0943537d2/go.mod h1:HBCaDeC1lPdgDeDbhX8XFpy1jqjK0IBG8W5K+xYqA0w=
-github.com/OneOfOne/xxhash v1.2.2/go.mod h1:HSdplMjZKSmBqAxg5vPj2TmRDmfkzw+cTzAElWljhcU=
-github.com/OneOfOne/xxhash v1.2.8 h1:31czK/TI9sNkxIKfaUfGlU47BAxQ0ztGgd9vPyqimf8=
-github.com/OneOfOne/xxhash v1.2.8/go.mod h1:eZbhyaAYD41SGSSsnmcpxVoRiQ/MPUTjUdIIOT9Um7Q=
 github.com/Shopify/logrus-bugsnag v0.0.0-20170309145241-6dbc35f2c30d h1:hi6J4K6DKrR4/ljxn6SF6nURyu785wKMuQcjt7H3VCQ=
 github.com/Shopify/logrus-bugsnag v0.0.0-20170309145241-6dbc35f2c30d/go.mod h1:HI8ITrYtUY+O+ZhtlqUnD8+KwNPOyugEhfP9fdUIaEQ=
 github.com/acarl005/stripansi v0.0.0-20180116102854-5a71ef0e047d h1:licZJFw2RwpHMqeKTCYkitsPqHNxTmd4SNR5r94FGM8=
@@ -83,15 +51,10 @@ github.com/alecthomas/template v0.0.0-20160405071501-a0175ee3bccc/go.mod h1:LOuy
 github.com/alecthomas/units v0.0.0-20151022065526-2efee857e7cf/go.mod h1:ybxpYRFXyAe+OPACYpWeL0wqObRcbAqCMya13uyzqw0=
 github.com/anchore/go-struct-converter v0.0.0-20221118182256-c68fdcfa2092 h1:aM1rlcoLz8y5B2r4tTLMiVTrMtpfY0O8EScKJxaSaEc=
 github.com/anchore/go-struct-converter v0.0.0-20221118182256-c68fdcfa2092/go.mod h1:rYqSE9HbjzpHTI74vwPvae4ZVYZd1lue2ta6xHPdblA=
-github.com/antlr4-go/antlr/v4 v4.13.1 h1:SqQKkuVZ+zWkMMNkjy5FZe5mr5WURWnlpmOuzYWrPrQ=
-github.com/antlr4-go/antlr/v4 v4.13.1/go.mod h1:GKmUxMtwp6ZgGwZSva4eWPC5mS6vUAmOABFgjdkM7Nw=
 github.com/apparentlymart/go-textseg/v15 v15.0.0 h1:uYvfpb3DyLSCGWnctWKGj857c6ew1u1fNQOlOtuGxQY=
 github.com/apparentlymart/go-textseg/v15 v15.0.0/go.mod h1:K8XmNZdhEBkdlyDdvbmmsvpAG721bKi0joRfFdHIWJ4=
-github.com/armon/consul-api v0.0.0-20180202201655-eb2c6b5be1b6/go.mod h1:grANhF5doyWs3UAsr3K4I6qtAmlQcZDesFNEHPZAzj8=
 github.com/armon/go-socks5 v0.0.0-20160902184237-e75332964ef5 h1:0CwZNZbxp69SHPdPJAN/hZIm0C4OItdklCFmMRWYpio=
 github.com/armon/go-socks5 v0.0.0-20160902184237-e75332964ef5/go.mod h1:wHh0iHkYZB8zMSxRWpUBQtwG5a7fFgvEO+odwuTv2gs=
-github.com/aryann/difflib v0.0.0-20210328193216-ff5ff6dc229b h1:uUXgbcPDK3KpW29o4iy7GtuappbWT0l5NaMo9H9pJDw=
-github.com/aryann/difflib v0.0.0-20210328193216-ff5ff6dc229b/go.mod h1:DAHtR1m6lCRdSC2Tm3DSWRPvIPr6xNKyeHdqDQSQT+A=
 github.com/atotto/clipboard v0.1.4 h1:EH0zSVneZPSuFR11BlR9YppQTVDbh5+16AmcJi4g1z4=
 github.com/atotto/clipboard v0.1.4/go.mod h1:ZY9tmq7sm5xIbd9bOK4onWV4S6X0u6GY7Vn0Yu86PYI=
 github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2 v1.41.7 h1:DWpAJt66FmnnaRIOT/8ASTucrvuDPZASqhhLey6tLY8=
@@ -112,8 +75,6 @@ github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/accept-encoding v1.13.9 h1:FLudkZL
 github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/accept-encoding v1.13.9/go.mod h1:w7wZ/s9qK7c8g4al+UyoF1Sp/Z45UwMGcqIzLWVQHWk=
 github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/presigned-url v1.13.23 h1:pbrxO/kuIwgEsOPLkaHu0O+m4fNgLU8B3vxQ+72jTPw=
 github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/presigned-url v1.13.23/go.mod h1:/CMNUqoj46HpS3MNRDEDIwcgEnrtZlKRaHNaHxIFpNA=
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-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/kms v1.51.1/go.mod h1:Y0+uxvxz6ib4KktRdK0V4X45Vcs/JyYoz8H71pO8xeI=
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 github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/sso v1.30.17 h1:7byT8HUWrgoRp6sXjxtZwgOKfhss5fW6SkLBtqzgRoE=
@@ -158,22 +119,18 @@ github.com/caddyserver/zerossl v0.1.5 h1:dkvOjBAEEtY6LIGAHei7sw2UgqSD6TrWweXpV7l
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-github.com/ccoveille/go-safecast/v2 v2.0.0 h1:+5eyITXAUj3wMjad6cRVJKGnC7vDS55zk0INzJagub0=
-github.com/ccoveille/go-safecast/v2 v2.0.0/go.mod h1:JIYA4CAR33blIDuE6fSwCp2sz1oOBahXnvmdBhOAABs=
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-github.com/cespare/xxhash v1.1.0/go.mod h1:XrSqR1VqqWfGrhpAt58auRo0WTKS1nRRg3ghfAqPWnc=
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-github.com/charmbracelet/ultraviolet v0.0.0-20260525132238-948f4557a654 h1:FpSYhY28ucg9ZRr+2wj67FAQ0Ey5yiK0072PmRDJNek=
+github.com/charmbracelet/ultraviolet v0.0.0-20260703014108-f5a850f9c2b7 h1:3FmWoGNWK4STvqg0O0Aeav2T7rodWJAPeF0QpH+8gFw=
-github.com/charmbracelet/ultraviolet v0.0.0-20260525132238-948f4557a654/go.mod h1:hFpumms29Smx3LStRfku8vcCTBe1Kq8aCXtHUJa3mjY=
+github.com/charmbracelet/ultraviolet v0.0.0-20260703014108-f5a850f9c2b7/go.mod h1:f/jRa757WUmaOZrbPspXymbg/GnbF+rwe4OLsG7aXYo=
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@@ -194,15 +151,6 @@ github.com/charmbracelet/x/windows v0.2.2 h1:IofanmuvaxnKHuV04sC0eBy/smG6kIKrWG2
 github.com/charmbracelet/x/windows v0.2.2/go.mod h1:/8XtdKZzedat74NQFn0NGlGL4soHB0YQZrETF96h75k=
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-github.com/chzyer/logex v1.1.10/go.mod h1:+Ywpsq7O8HXn0nuIou7OrIPyXbp3wmkHB+jjWRnGsAI=
-github.com/chzyer/logex v1.2.1 h1:XHDu3E6q+gdHgsdTPH6ImJMIp436vR6MPtH8gP05QzM=
-github.com/chzyer/logex v1.2.1/go.mod h1:JLbx6lG2kDbNRFnfkgvh4eRJRPX1QCoOIWomwysCBrQ=
-github.com/chzyer/readline v0.0.0-20180603132655-2972be24d48e/go.mod h1:nSuG5e5PlCu98SY8svDHJxuZscDgtXS6KTTbou5AhLI=
-github.com/chzyer/readline v1.5.1 h1:upd/6fQk4src78LMRzh5vItIt361/o4uq553V8B5sGI=
-github.com/chzyer/readline v1.5.1/go.mod h1:Eh+b79XXUwfKfcPLepksvw2tcLE/Ct21YObkaSkeBlk=
-github.com/chzyer/test v0.0.0-20180213035817-a1ea475d72b1/go.mod h1:Q3SI9o4m/ZMnBNeIyt5eFwwo7qiLfzFZmjNmxjkiQlU=
-github.com/chzyer/test v1.0.0 h1:p3BQDXSxOhOG0P9z6/hGnII4LGiEPOYBhs8asl/fC04=
-github.com/chzyer/test v1.0.0/go.mod h1:2JlltgoNkt4TW/z9V/IzDdFaMTM2JPIi26O1pF38GC8=
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@@ -210,8 +158,6 @@ github.com/clipperhouse/uax29/v2 v2.7.0 h1:+gs4oBZ2gPfVrKPthwbMzWZDaAFPGYK72F0NJ
 github.com/clipperhouse/uax29/v2 v2.7.0/go.mod h1:EFJ2TJMRUaplDxHKj1qAEhCtQPW2tJSwu5BF98AuoVM=
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 github.com/cloudflare/cfssl v0.0.0-20180223231731-4e2dcbde5004/go.mod h1:yMWuSON2oQp+43nFtAV/uvKQIFpSPerB57DCt9t8sSA=
-github.com/cloudflare/circl v1.6.3 h1:9GPOhQGF9MCYUeXyMYlqTR6a5gTrgR/fBLXvUgtVcg8=
-github.com/cloudflare/circl v1.6.3/go.mod h1:2eXP6Qfat4O/Yhh8BznvKnJ+uzEoTQ6jVKJRn81BiS4=
 github.com/cncf/udpa/go v0.0.0-20191209042840-269d4d468f6f/go.mod h1:M8M6+tZqaGXZJjfX53e64911xZQV5JYwmTeXPW+k8Sc=
 github.com/codahale/rfc6979 v0.0.0-20141003034818-6a90f24967eb h1:EDmT6Q9Zs+SbUoc7Ik9EfrFqcylYqgPZ9ANSbTAntnE=
 github.com/codahale/rfc6979 v0.0.0-20141003034818-6a90f24967eb/go.mod h1:ZjrT6AXHbDs86ZSdt/osfBi5qfexBrKUdONk989Wnk4=
@@ -247,14 +193,8 @@ github.com/containerd/ttrpc v1.2.7 h1:qIrroQvuOL9HQ1X6KHe2ohc7p+HP/0VE6XPU7elJRq
 github.com/containerd/ttrpc v1.2.7/go.mod h1:YCXHsb32f+Sq5/72xHubdiJRQY9inL4a4ZQrAbN1q9o=
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-github.com/coreos/etcd v3.3.10+incompatible/go.mod h1:uF7uidLiAD3TWHmW31ZFd/JWoc32PjwdhPthX9715RE=
-github.com/coreos/go-etcd v2.0.0+incompatible/go.mod h1:Jez6KQU2B/sWsbdaef3ED8NzMklzPG4d5KIOhIy30Tk=
-github.com/coreos/go-oidc/v3 v3.17.0 h1:hWBGaQfbi0iVviX4ibC7bk8OKT5qNr4klBaCHVNvehc=
-github.com/coreos/go-oidc/v3 v3.17.0/go.mod h1:wqPbKFrVnE90vty060SB40FCJ8fTHTxSwyXJqZH+sI8=
-github.com/coreos/go-semver v0.2.0/go.mod h1:nnelYz7RCh+5ahJtPPxZlU+153eP4D4r3EedlOD2RNk=
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@@ -269,17 +209,6 @@ github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.2-0.20180830191138-d8f796af33cc/go.mod h1:J7Y8Yc
 github.com/deckarep/golang-set/v2 v2.8.0 h1:swm0rlPCmdWn9mESxKOjWk8hXSqoxOp+ZlfuyaAdFlQ=
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-github.com/dgraph-io/badger v1.6.2 h1:mNw0qs90GVgGGWylh0umH5iag1j6n/PeJtNvL6KY/x8=
-github.com/dgraph-io/badger v1.6.2/go.mod h1:JW2yswe3V058sS0kZ2h/AXeDSqFjxnZcRrVH//y2UQE=
-github.com/dgraph-io/badger/v2 v2.2007.4 h1:TRWBQg8UrlUhaFdco01nO2uXwzKS7zd+HVdwV/GHc4o=
-github.com/dgraph-io/badger/v2 v2.2007.4/go.mod h1:vSw/ax2qojzbN6eXHIx6KPKtCSHJN/Uz0X0VPruTIhk=
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-github.com/dgryski/go-farm v0.0.0-20200201041132-a6ae2369ad13 h1:fAjc9m62+UWV/WAFKLNi6ZS0675eEUC9y3AlwSbQu1Y=
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@@ -317,7 +246,6 @@ github.com/docker/go-units v0.5.0 h1:69rxXcBk27SvSaaxTtLh/8llcHD8vYHT7WSdRZ/jvr4
 github.com/docker/go-units v0.5.0/go.mod h1:fgPhTUdO+D/Jk86RDLlptpiXQzgHJF7gydDDbaIK4Dk=
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 github.com/docker/libtrust v0.0.0-20160708172513-aabc10ec26b7/go.mod h1:cyGadeNEkKy96OOhEzfZl+yxihPEzKnqJwvfuSUqbZE=
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@@ -332,8 +260,6 @@ github.com/envoyproxy/protoc-gen-validate v0.1.0/go.mod h1:iSmxcyjqTsJpI2R4NaDN7
 github.com/erikstmartin/go-testdb v0.0.0-20160219214506-8d10e4a1bae5/go.mod h1:a2zkGnVExMxdzMo3M0Hi/3sEU+cWnZpSni0O6/Yb/P0=
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@@ -343,8 +269,6 @@ github.com/fvbommel/sortorder v1.1.0 h1:fUmoe+HLsBTctBDoaBwpQo5N+nrCp8g/BjKb/6ZQ
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@@ -403,13 +327,6 @@ github.com/golang/protobuf v1.4.1/go.mod h1:U8fpvMrcmy5pZrNK1lt4xCsGvpyWQ/VVv6QD
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-github.com/golang/snappy v0.0.3/go.mod h1:/XxbfmMg8lxefKM7IXC3fBNl/7bRcc72aCRzEWrmP2Q=
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-github.com/google/cel-go v0.28.1/go.mod h1:X0bD6iVNR8pkROSOoHVdgTkzmRcosof7WQqCD6wcMc8=
 github.com/google/certificate-transparency-go v1.0.10-0.20180222191210-5ab67e519c93/go.mod h1:QeJfpSbVSfYc7RgB3gJFj9cbuQMMchQxrWXz8Ruopmg=
 github.com/google/certificate-transparency-go v1.1.8-0.20240110162603-74a5dd331745 h1:heyoXNxkRT155x4jTAiSv5BVSVkueifPUm+Q8LUXMRo=
 github.com/google/certificate-transparency-go v1.1.8-0.20240110162603-74a5dd331745/go.mod h1:zN0wUQgV9LjwLZeFHnrAbQi8hzMVvEWePyk+MhPOk7k=
@@ -422,33 +339,20 @@ github.com/google/go-cmp v0.4.0/go.mod h1:v8dTdLbMG2kIc/vJvl+f65V22dbkXbowE6jgT/
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-github.com/google/go-tpm v0.9.8 h1:slArAR9Ft+1ybZu0lBwpSmpwhRXaa85hWtMinMyRAWo=
-github.com/google/go-tpm v0.9.8/go.mod h1:h9jEsEECg7gtLis0upRBQU+GhYVH6jMjrFxI8u6bVUY=
-github.com/google/go-tpm-tools v0.4.8 h1:V4oIYyAD3BykOycwYQzO29WefDouQMTsYZqmG3HxOfM=
-github.com/google/go-tpm-tools v0.4.8/go.mod h1:4DfiOtiS1KppJjwf1+tqtW4K3PrCJjAAqFKj/TYTJKg=
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-github.com/google/go-tspi v0.3.0/go.mod h1:xfMGI3G0PhxCdNVcYr1C4C+EizojDg/TXuX5by8CiHI=
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-github.com/googleapis/enterprise-certificate-proxy v0.3.15 h1:xolVQTEXusUcAA5UgtyRLjelpFFHWlPQ4XfWGc7MBas=
-github.com/googleapis/enterprise-certificate-proxy v0.3.15/go.mod h1:vqVt9yG9480NtzREnTlmGSBmFrA+bzb0yl0TxoBQXOg=
-github.com/googleapis/gax-go/v2 v2.22.0 h1:PjIWBpgGIVKGoCXuiCoP64altEJCj3/Ei+kSU5vlZD4=
-github.com/googleapis/gax-go/v2 v2.22.0/go.mod h1:irWBbALSr0Sk3qlqb9SyJ1h68WjgeFuiOzI4Rqw5+aY=
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 github.com/gorilla/mux v1.7.0/go.mod h1:1lud6UwP+6orDFRuTfBEV8e9/aOM/c4fVVCaMa2zaAs=
@@ -473,7 +377,6 @@ github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru/arc/v2 v2.0.7 h1:QxkVTxwColcduO+LP7eJO56r2hFiG8z
 github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru/arc/v2 v2.0.7/go.mod h1:Pe7gBlGdc8clY5LJ0LpJXMt5AmgmWNH1g+oFFVUHOEc=
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-github.com/hashicorp/hcl v1.0.0/go.mod h1:E5yfLk+7swimpb2L/Alb/PJmXilQ/rhwaUYs4T20WEQ=
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 github.com/hexops/gotextdiff v1.0.3 h1:gitA9+qJrrTCsiCl7+kh75nPqQt1cx4ZkudSTLoUqJM=
@@ -481,8 +384,6 @@ github.com/hexops/gotextdiff v1.0.3/go.mod h1:pSWU5MAI3yDq+fZBTazCSJysOMbxWL1BSo
 github.com/hinshun/vt10x v0.0.0-20220119200601-820417d04eec h1:qv2VnGeEQHchGaZ/u7lxST/RaJw+cv273q79D81Xbog=
 github.com/hinshun/vt10x v0.0.0-20220119200601-820417d04eec/go.mod h1:Q48J4R4DvxnHolD5P8pOtXigYlRuPLGl6moFx3ulM68=
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-github.com/huandu/xstrings v1.5.0 h1:2ag3IFq9ZDANvthTwTiqSSZLjDc+BedvHPAp5tJy2TI=
-github.com/huandu/xstrings v1.5.0/go.mod h1:y5/lhBue+AyNmUVz9RLU9xbLR0o4KIIExikq4ovT0aE=
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@@ -492,15 +393,6 @@ github.com/inhies/go-bytesize v0.0.0-20220417184213-4913239db9cf h1:FtEj8sfIcaaB
 github.com/inhies/go-bytesize v0.0.0-20220417184213-4913239db9cf/go.mod h1:yrqSXGoD/4EKfF26AOGzscPOgTTJcyAwM2rpixWT+t4=
 github.com/ishidawataru/sctp v0.0.0-20230406120618-7ff4192f6ff2 h1:i2fYnDurfLlJH8AyyMOnkLHnHeP8Ff/DDpuZA/D3bPo=
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-github.com/jackc/pgpassfile v1.0.0/go.mod h1:CEx0iS5ambNFdcRtxPj5JhEz+xB6uRky5eyVu/W2HEg=
-github.com/jackc/pgservicefile v0.0.0-20240606120523-5a60cdf6a761 h1:iCEnooe7UlwOQYpKFhBabPMi4aNAfoODPEFNiAnClxo=
-github.com/jackc/pgservicefile v0.0.0-20240606120523-5a60cdf6a761/go.mod h1:5TJZWKEWniPve33vlWYSoGYefn3gLQRzjfDlhSJ9ZKM=
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@@ -524,7 +416,6 @@ github.com/kballard/go-shellquote v0.0.0-20180428030007-95032a82bc51 h1:Z9n2FFNU
 github.com/kballard/go-shellquote v0.0.0-20180428030007-95032a82bc51/go.mod h1:CzGEWj7cYgsdH8dAjBGEr58BoE7ScuLd+fwFZ44+/x8=
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 github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.4.0 h1:S6Hrbc7+ywsr0r+RLapfGBHfyefhCTwEh3A0tV913Dw=
@@ -533,7 +424,6 @@ github.com/konsorten/go-windows-terminal-sequences v1.0.1/go.mod h1:T0+1ngSBFLxv
 github.com/konsorten/go-windows-terminal-sequences v1.0.2/go.mod h1:T0+1ngSBFLxvqU3pZ+m/2kptfBszLMUkC4ZK/EgS/cQ=
 github.com/kr/logfmt v0.0.0-20140226030751-b84e30acd515/go.mod h1:+0opPa2QZZtGFBFZlji/RkVcI2GknAs/DXo4wKdlNEc=
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@@ -559,13 +449,10 @@ github.com/libdns/libdns v1.1.1/go.mod h1:4Bj9+5CQiNMVGf87wjX4CY3HQJypUHRuLvlsfs
 github.com/lucasb-eyer/go-colorful v1.4.0 h1:UtrWVfLdarDgc44HcS7pYloGHJUjHV/4FwW4TvVgFr4=
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 github.com/magiconair/properties v1.5.3/go.mod h1:PppfXfuXeibc/6YijjN8zIbojt8czPbwD3XqdrwzmxQ=
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 github.com/magiconair/properties v1.8.9 h1:nWcCbLq1N2v/cpNsy5WvQ37Fb+YElfq20WJ/a8RkpQM=
 github.com/magiconair/properties v1.8.9/go.mod h1:Dhd985XPs7jluiymwWYZ0G4Z61jb3vdS329zhj2hYo0=
 github.com/mailru/easyjson v0.7.7 h1:UGYAvKxe3sBsEDzO8ZeWOSlIQfWFlxbzLZe7hwFURr0=
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@@ -598,20 +485,13 @@ github.com/miekg/pkcs11 v1.1.2 h1:/VxmeAX5qU6Q3EwafypogwWbYryHFmF2RpkJmw3m4MQ=
 github.com/miekg/pkcs11 v1.1.2/go.mod h1:XsNlhZGX73bx86s2hdc/FuaLm2CPZJemRLMA+WTFxgs=
 github.com/mikioh/ipaddr v0.0.0-20190404000644-d465c8ab6721 h1:RlZweED6sbSArvlE924+mUcZuXKLBHA35U7LN621Bws=
 github.com/mikioh/ipaddr v0.0.0-20190404000644-d465c8ab6721/go.mod h1:Ickgr2WtCLZ2MDGd4Gr0geeCH5HybhRJbonOgQpvSxc=
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-github.com/mitchellh/go-ps v1.0.0 h1:i6ampVEEF4wQFF+bkYfwYgY+F/uYJDktmvLPf7qIgjc=
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@@ -682,18 +562,10 @@ github.com/opencontainers/selinux v1.12.0/go.mod h1:BTPX+bjVbWGXw7ZZWUbdENt8w0ht
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@@ -701,8 +573,6 @@ github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1/go.mod h1:bwawxfHBFNV+L2hUp1rHADufV3IMtnDRdf1r5NINE
 github.com/planetscale/vtprotobuf v0.6.1-0.20240319094008-0393e58bdf10 h1:GFCKgmp0tecUJ0sJuv4pzYCqS9+RGSn52M3FUwPs+uo=
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@@ -749,25 +619,16 @@ github.com/rivo/uniseg v0.4.7 h1:WUdvkW8uEhrYfLC4ZzdpI2ztxP1I582+49Oc5Mq64VQ=
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@@ -777,53 +638,24 @@ github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.9.4 h1:TsZE7l11zFCLZnZ+teH4Umoq5BhEIfIzfRDZ1Uzql2w
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@@ -831,7 +663,6 @@ github.com/stretchr/objx v0.1.1/go.mod h1:HFkY916IF+rwdDfMAkV7OtwuqBVzrE8GR6GFx+
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@@ -839,20 +670,13 @@ github.com/stretchr/testify v1.3.0/go.mod h1:M5WIy9Dh21IEIfnGCwXGc5bZfKNJtfHm1UV
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@@ -867,11 +691,6 @@ github.com/tonistiigi/units v0.0.0-20180711220420-6950e57a87ea h1:SXhTLE6pb6eld/
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-github.com/unlabs-dev/bubbletea/v2 v2.0.8-uncloud.1/go.mod h1:DGW2q8gvzHnOpMpZTORs0aySVHCox5C+2Svk0fci1qs=
-github.com/urfave/cli v1.22.17 h1:SYzXoiPfQjHBbkYxbew5prZHS1TOLT3ierW8SYLqtVQ=
-github.com/urfave/cli v1.22.17/go.mod h1:b0ht0aqgH/6pBYzzxURyrM4xXNgsoT/n2ZzwQiEhNVo=
 github.com/vbatts/tar-split v0.12.1 h1:CqKoORW7BUWBe7UL/iqTVvkTBOF8UvOMKOIZykxnnbo=
 github.com/vbatts/tar-split v0.12.1/go.mod h1:eF6B6i6ftWQcDqEn3/iGFRFRo8cBIMSJVOpnNdfTMFA=
 github.com/vishvananda/netlink v1.3.1 h1:3AEMt62VKqz90r0tmNhog0r/PpWKmrEShJU0wJW6bV0=
@@ -884,7 +703,6 @@ github.com/xhit/go-str2duration/v2 v2.1.0 h1:lxklc02Drh6ynqX+DdPyp5pCKLUQpRT8bp8
 github.com/xhit/go-str2duration/v2 v2.1.0/go.mod h1:ohY8p+0f07DiV6Em5LKB0s2YpLtXVyJfNt1+BlmyAsU=
 github.com/xo/terminfo v0.0.0-20220910002029-abceb7e1c41e h1:JVG44RsyaB9T2KIHavMF/ppJZNG9ZpyihvCd0w101no=
 github.com/xo/terminfo v0.0.0-20220910002029-abceb7e1c41e/go.mod h1:RbqR21r5mrJuqunuUZ/Dhy/avygyECGrLceyNeo4LiM=
-github.com/xordataexchange/crypt v0.0.3-0.20170626215501-b2862e3d0a77/go.mod h1:aYKd//L2LvnjZzWKhF00oedf4jCCReLcmhLdhm1A27Q=
 github.com/yuin/goldmark v1.1.27/go.mod h1:3hX8gzYuyVAZsxl0MRgGTJEmQBFcNTphYh9decYSb74=
 github.com/yuin/goldmark v1.2.1/go.mod h1:3hX8gzYuyVAZsxl0MRgGTJEmQBFcNTphYh9decYSb74=
 github.com/yuin/goldmark v1.4.13/go.mod h1:6yULJ656Px+3vBD8DxQVa3kxgyrAnzto9xy5taEt/CY=
@@ -896,8 +714,6 @@ github.com/zeebo/blake3 v0.2.4 h1:KYQPkhpRtcqh0ssGYcKLG1JYvddkEA8QwCM/yBqhaZI=
 github.com/zeebo/blake3 v0.2.4/go.mod h1:7eeQ6d2iXWRGF6npfaxl2CU+xy2Fjo2gxeyZGCRUjcE=
 github.com/zeebo/pcg v1.0.1 h1:lyqfGeWiv4ahac6ttHs+I5hwtH/+1mrhlCtVNQM2kHo=
 github.com/zeebo/pcg v1.0.1/go.mod h1:09F0S9iiKrwn9rlI5yjLkmrug154/YRW6KnnXVDM/l4=
-go.etcd.io/bbolt v1.4.3 h1:dEadXpI6G79deX5prL3QRNP6JB8UxVkqo4UPnHaNXJo=
-go.etcd.io/bbolt v1.4.3/go.mod h1:tKQlpPaYCVFctUIgFKFnAlvbmB3tpy1vkTnDWohtc0E=
 go.opencensus.io v0.24.0 h1:y73uSU6J157QMP2kn2r30vwW1A2W2WFwSCGnAVxeaD0=
 go.opencensus.io v0.24.0/go.mod h1:vNK8G9p7aAivkbmorf4v+7Hgx+Zs0yY+0fOtgBfjQKo=
 go.opentelemetry.io/auto/sdk v1.2.1 h1:jXsnJ4Lmnqd11kwkBV2LgLoFMZKizbCi5fNZ/ipaZ64=
@@ -952,10 +768,6 @@ go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.43.0 h1:BkNrHpup+4k4w+ZZ86CZoHHEkohws8AY+WTX09
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.43.0/go.mod h1:/QJhyVBUUswCphDVxq+8mld+AvhXZLhe+8WVFxiFff0=
 go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v1.10.0 h1:IQRWgT5srOCYfiWnpqUYz9CVmbO8bFmKcwYxpuCSL2g=
 go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v1.10.0/go.mod h1:/CV4QoCR/S9yaPj8utp3lvQPoqMtxXdzn7ozvvozVqk=
-go.step.sm/crypto v0.81.0 h1:e+ouzpNt3Xm4dp7HGXhgYB5y4iFik3vh3phHKWmvugU=
-go.step.sm/crypto v0.81.0/go.mod h1:fsTizqQeASjTXnbv9O00XtRlIuXRkCdoRiJNyXGQujc=
-go.uber.org/automaxprocs v1.6.0 h1:O3y2/QNTOdbF+e/dpXNNW7Rx2hZ4sTIPyybbxyNqTUs=
-go.uber.org/automaxprocs v1.6.0/go.mod h1:ifeIMSnPZuznNm6jmdzmU3/bfk01Fe2fotchwEFJ8r8=
 go.uber.org/goleak v1.3.0 h1:2K3zAYmnTNqV73imy9J1T3WC+gmCePx2hEGkimedGto=
 go.uber.org/goleak v1.3.0/go.mod h1:CoHD4mav9JJNrW/WLlf7HGZPjdw8EucARQHekz1X6bE=
 go.uber.org/mock v0.6.0 h1:hyF9dfmbgIX5EfOdasqLsWD6xqpNZlXblLB/Dbnwv3Y=
@@ -974,7 +786,6 @@ go.yaml.in/yaml/v3 v3.0.5/go.mod h1:HVTZu1O7/Vkt2N+BFy8Zza+lnLsABggaTM2ZpNIGuKg=
 go4.org/netipx v0.0.0-20231129151722-fdeea329fbba h1:0b9z3AuHCjxk0x/opv64kcgZLBseWJUpBw5I82+2U4M=
 go4.org/netipx v0.0.0-20231129151722-fdeea329fbba/go.mod h1:PLyyIXexvUFg3Owu6p/WfdlivPbZJsZdgWZlrGope/Y=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20180904163835-0709b304e793/go.mod h1:6SG95UA2DQfeDnfUPMdvaQW0Q7yPrPDi9nlGo2tz2b4=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20181203042331-505ab145d0a9/go.mod h1:6SG95UA2DQfeDnfUPMdvaQW0Q7yPrPDi9nlGo2tz2b4=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20190308221718-c2843e01d9a2/go.mod h1:djNgcEr1/C05ACkg1iLfiJU5Ep61QUkGW8qpdssI0+w=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20190325154230-a5d413f7728c/go.mod h1:djNgcEr1/C05ACkg1iLfiJU5Ep61QUkGW8qpdssI0+w=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20191011191535-87dc89f01550/go.mod h1:yigFU9vqHzYiE8UmvKecakEJjdnWj3jj499lnFckfCI=
@@ -982,14 +793,8 @@ golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20200302210943-78000ba7a073/go.mod h1:LzIPMQfyMNhhGPh
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20200622213623-75b288015ac9/go.mod h1:LzIPMQfyMNhhGPhUkYOs5KpL4U8rLKemX1yGLhDgUto=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20201117144127-c1f2f97bffc9/go.mod h1:jdWPYTVW3xRLrWPugEBEK3UY2ZEsg3UU495nc5E+M+I=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20210921155107-089bfa567519/go.mod h1:GvvjBRRGRdwPK5ydBHafDWAxML/pGHZbMvKqRZ5+Abc=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.13.0/go.mod h1:y6Z2r+Rw4iayiXXAIxJIDAJ1zMW4yaTpebo8fPOliYc=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.19.0/go.mod h1:Iy9bg/ha4yyC70EfRS8jz+B6ybOBKMaSxLj6P6oBDfU=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.23.0/go.mod h1:CKFgDieR+mRhux2Lsu27y0fO304Db0wZe70UKqHu0v8=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.33.0/go.mod h1:bVdXmD7IV/4GdElGPozy6U7lWdRXA4qyRVGJV57uQ5M=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.57.0 h1:3ZVCjf8Ggz7zneR/EHRVx68Ctf+2pmIMP2UFhh9cC6M=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.57.0/go.mod h1:Fdz0i5U6CoizGwLda9DttjSk6qlZo25zYNtR+ycvuZA=
-golang.org/x/crypto/x509roots/fallback v0.0.0-20260213171211-a408498e5541 h1:FmKxj9ocLKn45jiR2jQMwCVhDvaK7fKQFzfuT9GvyK8=
-golang.org/x/crypto/x509roots/fallback v0.0.0-20260213171211-a408498e5541/go.mod h1:+UoQFNBq2p2wO+Q6ddVtYc25GZ6VNdOMyyrd4nrqrKs=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20190121172915-509febef88a4/go.mod h1:CJ0aWSM057203Lf6IL+f9T1iT9GByDxfZKAQTCR3kQA=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20251023183803-a4bb9ffd2546 h1:mgKeJMpvi0yx/sU5GsxQ7p6s2wtOnGAHZWCHUM4KGzY=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20251023183803-a4bb9ffd2546/go.mod h1:j/pmGrbnkbPtQfxEe5D0VQhZC6qKbfKifgD0oM7sR70=
@@ -999,10 +804,6 @@ golang.org/x/lint v0.0.0-20190313153728-d0100b6bd8b3/go.mod h1:6SW0HCj/g11FgYtHl
 golang.org/x/mod v0.2.0/go.mod h1:s0Qsj1ACt9ePp/hMypM3fl4fZqREWJwdYDEqhRiZZUA=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.3.0/go.mod h1:s0Qsj1ACt9ePp/hMypM3fl4fZqREWJwdYDEqhRiZZUA=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.6.0-dev.0.20220419223038-86c51ed26bb4/go.mod h1:jJ57K6gSWd91VN4djpZkiMVwK6gcyfeH4XE8wZrZaV4=
-golang.org/x/mod v0.8.0/go.mod h1:iBbtSCu2XBx23ZKBPSOrRkjjQPZFPuis4dIYUhu/chs=
-golang.org/x/mod v0.12.0/go.mod h1:iBbtSCu2XBx23ZKBPSOrRkjjQPZFPuis4dIYUhu/chs=
-golang.org/x/mod v0.15.0/go.mod h1:hTbmBsO62+eylJbnUtE2MGJUyE7QWk4xUqPFrRgJ+7c=
-golang.org/x/mod v0.17.0/go.mod h1:hTbmBsO62+eylJbnUtE2MGJUyE7QWk4xUqPFrRgJ+7c=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.41.0 h1:qJmnOUb4YB+FsEuM3HcWucdZASCPGhsX6uljO6pog0c=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.41.0/go.mod h1:Ek9pY8RKWXwsWvd3rQiHYtMqkjSUV+s1Rj7j4H5Ur6o=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20180724234803-3673e40ba225/go.mod h1:mL1N/T3taQHkDXs73rZJwtUhF3w3ftmwwsq0BUmARs4=
@@ -1019,11 +820,6 @@ golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20201021035429-f5854403a974/go.mod h1:sp8m0HH+o8qH0wwXwY
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20201110031124-69a78807bb2b/go.mod h1:sp8m0HH+o8qH0wwXwYZr8TS3Oi6o0r6Gce1SSxlDquU=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20210226172049-e18ecbb05110/go.mod h1:m0MpNAwzfU5UDzcl9v0D8zg8gWTRqZa9RBIspLL5mdg=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20220722155237-a158d28d115b/go.mod h1:XRhObCWvk6IyKnWLug+ECip1KBveYUHfp+8e9klMJ9c=
-golang.org/x/net v0.6.0/go.mod h1:2Tu9+aMcznHK/AK1HMvgo6xiTLG5rD5rZLDS+rp2Bjs=
-golang.org/x/net v0.10.0/go.mod h1:0qNGK6F8kojg2nk9dLZ2mShWaEBan6FAoqfSigmmuDg=
-golang.org/x/net v0.15.0/go.mod h1:idbUs1IY1+zTqbi8yxTbhexhEEk5ur9LInksu6HrEpk=
-golang.org/x/net v0.21.0/go.mod h1:bIjVDfnllIU7BJ2DNgfnXvpSvtn8VRwhlsaeUTyUS44=
-golang.org/x/net v0.25.0/go.mod h1:JkAGAh7GEvH74S6FOH42FLoXpXbE/aqXSrIQjXgsiwM=
 golang.org/x/net v0.59.0 h1:5zfYln+w5XCxwrnMMJPufRgNoXEaGxl0wo5GqPXyues=
 golang.org/x/net v0.59.0/go.mod h1:2DA/G1UfVbCpQPeWTmMPGY7Cs2PkBkwu743bVX5PIVg=
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20180821212333-d2e6202438be/go.mod h1:N/0e6XlmueqKjAGxoOufVs8QHGRruUQn6yWY3a++T0U=
@@ -1036,23 +832,15 @@ golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20190423024810-112230192c58/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJ
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20190911185100-cd5d95a43a6e/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20201020160332-67f06af15bc9/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20220722155255-886fb9371eb4/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
-golang.org/x/sync v0.1.0/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
-golang.org/x/sync v0.3.0/go.mod h1:FU7BRWz2tNW+3quACPkgCx/L+uEAv1htQ0V83Z9Rj+Y=
-golang.org/x/sync v0.6.0/go.mod h1:Czt+wKu1gCyEFDUtn0jG5QVvpJ6rzVqr5aXyt9drQfk=
-golang.org/x/sync v0.7.0/go.mod h1:Czt+wKu1gCyEFDUtn0jG5QVvpJ6rzVqr5aXyt9drQfk=
-golang.org/x/sync v0.11.0/go.mod h1:Czt+wKu1gCyEFDUtn0jG5QVvpJ6rzVqr5aXyt9drQfk=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.23.0 h1:KameEIfc1IkluZyXWLn39Wd4tURc6GbCiISGiZm2bQk=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.23.0/go.mod h1:sUUOizhqBxiL6pEWpqNLUiaJn1ShEbZ6BBqskPbjZm0=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20180830151530-49385e6e1522/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20180905080454-ebe1bf3edb33/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20180909124046-d0be0721c37e/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20181116152217-5ac8a444bdc5/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20181122145206-62eef0e2fa9b/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20181205085412-a5c9d58dba9a/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190215142949-d0b11bdaac8a/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190222072716-a9d3bda3a223/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190412213103-97732733099d/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190626221950-04f50cda93cb/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190801041406-cbf593c0f2f3/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20191026070338-33540a1f6037/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20191120155948-bd437916bb0e/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
@@ -1061,44 +849,24 @@ golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20201119102817-f84b799fce68/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7w
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210331175145-43e1dd70ce54/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210615035016-665e8c7367d1/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210616094352-59db8d763f22/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220310020820-b874c991c1a5/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220412211240-33da011f77ad/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220520151302-bc2c85ada10a/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220722155257-8c9f86f7a55f/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.1.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.2.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.5.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.6.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.8.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.10.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.12.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.17.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.20.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.30.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.48.0 h1:bbX/i/6MgT9BVLM9RT1thmxL04yeTAhbEz4SyadbXoo=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.48.0/go.mod h1:hNLxWAXmnKAxqDtdwIYC4bM9oQPEecfsnNMuSxOs3og=
-golang.org/x/telemetry v0.0.0-20240228155512-f48c80bd79b2/go.mod h1:TeRTkGYfJXctD9OcfyVLyj2J3IxLnKwHJR8f4D8a3YE=
 golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20201117132131-f5c789dd3221/go.mod h1:Nr5EML6q2oocZ2LXRh80K7BxOlk5/8JxuGnuhpl+muw=
 golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20201126162022-7de9c90e9dd1/go.mod h1:bj7SfCRtBDWHUb9snDiAeCFNEtKQo2Wmx5Cou7ajbmo=
 golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20210927222741-03fcf44c2211/go.mod h1:jbD1KX2456YbFQfuXm/mYQcufACuNUgVhRMnK/tPxf8=
-golang.org/x/term v0.5.0/go.mod h1:jMB1sMXY+tzblOD4FWmEbocvup2/aLOaQEp7JmGp78k=
-golang.org/x/term v0.8.0/go.mod h1:xPskH00ivmX89bAKVGSKKtLOWNx2+17Eiy94tnKShWo=
-golang.org/x/term v0.12.0/go.mod h1:owVbMEjm3cBLCHdkQu9b1opXd4ETQWc3BhuQGKgXgvU=
-golang.org/x/term v0.17.0/go.mod h1:lLRBjIVuehSbZlaOtGMbcMncT+aqLLLmKrsjNrUguwk=
-golang.org/x/term v0.20.0/go.mod h1:8UkIAJTvZgivsXaD6/pH6U9ecQzZ45awqEOzuCvwpFY=
-golang.org/x/term v0.29.0/go.mod h1:6bl4lRlvVuDgSf3179VpIxBF0o10JUpXWOnI7nErv7s=
 golang.org/x/term v0.46.0 h1:3+OXuTbaKDgwk8jTi3aSLHRlmWqHEUDUtxnbFigO4YE=
 golang.org/x/term v0.46.0/go.mod h1:+K02xbkittuwc0Am4abfA3Fc+XRGXkvBXNO88NCXPoc=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.0/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.3/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.7/go.mod h1:u+2+/6zg+i71rQMx5EYifcz6MCKuco9NR6JIITiCfzQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.4.0/go.mod h1:mrYo+phRRbMaCq/xk9113O4dZlRixOauAjOtrjsXDZ8=
-golang.org/x/text v0.7.0/go.mod h1:mrYo+phRRbMaCq/xk9113O4dZlRixOauAjOtrjsXDZ8=
-golang.org/x/text v0.9.0/go.mod h1:e1OnstbJyHTd6l/uOt8jFFHp6TRDWZR/bV3emEE/zU8=
-golang.org/x/text v0.13.0/go.mod h1:TvPlkZtksWOMsz7fbANvkp4WM8x/WCo/om8BMLbz+aE=
-golang.org/x/text v0.14.0/go.mod h1:18ZOQIKpY8NJVqYksKHtTdi31H5itFRjB5/qKTNYzSU=
-golang.org/x/text v0.15.0/go.mod h1:18ZOQIKpY8NJVqYksKHtTdi31H5itFRjB5/qKTNYzSU=
-golang.org/x/text v0.22.0/go.mod h1:YRoo4H8PVmsu+E3Ou7cqLVH8oXWIHVoX0jqUWALQhfY=
 golang.org/x/text v0.42.0 h1:JbOZXgfeCPU9gacVtYliJqOhD+zhrEqK4LfdpmlUZqI=
 golang.org/x/text v0.42.0/go.mod h1:ojzP1Z+2QtioaF8DTtO8K5q7JWVVYwZKenzujK0Zd0E=
 golang.org/x/time v0.16.0 h1:vMb6ptszcQMkcwiRTAuNNU50gom6++Q/6gY2hDM6VDE=
@@ -1112,9 +880,6 @@ golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20191119224855-298f0cb1881e/go.mod h1:b+2E5dAYhXwXZwtn
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20200619180055-7c47624df98f/go.mod h1:EkVYQZoAsY45+roYkvgYkIh4xh/qjgUK9TdY2XT94GE=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20210106214847-113979e3529a/go.mod h1:emZCQorbCU4vsT4fOWvOPXz4eW1wZW4PmDk9uLelYpA=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.1.12/go.mod h1:hNGJHUnrk76NpqgfD5Aqm5Crs+Hm0VOH/i9J2+nxYbc=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.6.0/go.mod h1:Xwgl3UAJ/d3gWutnCtw505GrjyAbvKui8lOU390QaIU=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.13.0/go.mod h1:HvlwmtVNQAhOuCjW7xxvovg8wbNq7LwfXh/k7wXUl58=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.21.1-0.20240508182429-e35e4ccd0d2d/go.mod h1:aiJjzUbINMkxbQROHiO6hDPo2LHcIPhhQsa9DLh0yGk=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.50.0 h1:c2ifzfcuY7L90lZ2aKd8S4K2NpASF08SZx9ZuJkHmSU=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.50.0/go.mod h1:7ulVMw3831Mwi5EZD6RomGyffr4VFjuNYXf2BbCEAV0=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20190717185122-a985d3407aa7/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
@@ -1127,15 +892,11 @@ golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl v0.0.0-20230429144221-925a1e7659e6 h1:CawjfCvY
 golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl v0.0.0-20230429144221-925a1e7659e6/go.mod h1:3rxYc4HtVcSG9gVaTs2GEBdehh+sYPOwKtyUWEOTb80=
 gonum.org/v1/gonum v0.17.0 h1:VbpOemQlsSMrYmn7T2OUvQ4dqxQXU+ouZFQsZOx50z4=
 gonum.org/v1/gonum v0.17.0/go.mod h1:El3tOrEuMpv2UdMrbNlKEh9vd86bmQ6vqIcDwxEOc1E=
-google.golang.org/api v0.277.0 h1:HJfyJUiNeBBUMai7ez8u14wkp/gH/I4wpGbbO9o+cSk=
-google.golang.org/api v0.277.0/go.mod h1:B9TqLBwJqVjp1mtt7WeoQwWRwvu/400y5lETOql+giQ=
 google.golang.org/appengine v1.1.0/go.mod h1:EbEs0AVv82hx2wNQdGPgUI5lhzA/G0D9YwlJXL52JkM=
 google.golang.org/appengine v1.4.0/go.mod h1:xpcJRLb0r/rnEns0DIKYYv+WjYCduHsrkT7/EB5XEv4=
 google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20180817151627-c66870c02cf8/go.mod h1:JiN7NxoALGmiZfu7CAH4rXhgtRTLTxftemlI0sWmxmc=
 google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20190819201941-24fa4b261c55/go.mod h1:DMBHOl98Agz4BDEuKkezgsaosCRResVns1a3J2ZsMNc=
 google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20200526211855-cb27e3aa2013/go.mod h1:NbSheEEYHJ7i3ixzK3sjbqSGDJWnxyFXZblF3eUsNvo=
-google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20260319201613-d00831a3d3e7 h1:XzmzkmB14QhVhgnawEVsOn6OFsnpyxNPRY9QV01dNB0=
-google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20260319201613-d00831a3d3e7/go.mod h1:L43LFes82YgSonw6iTXTxXUX1OlULt4AQtkik4ULL/I=
 google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20260406210006-6f92a3bedf2d h1:/aDRtSZJjyLQzm75d+a1wOJaqyKBMvIAfeQmoa3ORiI=
 google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20260406210006-6f92a3bedf2d/go.mod h1:etfGUgejTiadZAUaEP14NP97xi1RGeawqkjDARA/UOs=
 google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20260427160629-7cedc36a6bc4 h1:tEkOQcXgF6dH1G+MVKZrfpYvozGrzb91k6ha7jireSM=
@@ -1148,8 +909,6 @@ google.golang.org/grpc v1.27.0/go.mod h1:qbnxyOmOxrQa7FizSgH+ReBfzJrCY1pSN7KXBS8
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.33.2/go.mod h1:JMHMWHQWaTccqQQlmk3MJZS+GWXOdAesneDmEnv2fbc=
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.81.0 h1:W3G9N3KQf3BU+YuCtGKJk0CmxQNbAISICD/9AORxLIw=
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.81.0/go.mod h1:xGH9GfzOyMTGIOXBJmXt+BX/V0kcdQbdcuwQ/zNw42I=
-google.golang.org/grpc/cmd/protoc-gen-go-grpc v1.5.1 h1:F29+wU6Ee6qgu9TddPgooOdaqsxTMunOoj8KA5yuS5A=
-google.golang.org/grpc/cmd/protoc-gen-go-grpc v1.5.1/go.mod h1:5KF+wpkbTSbGcR9zteSqZV6fqFOWBl4Yde8En8MryZA=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v0.0.0-20200109180630-ec00e32a8dfd/go.mod h1:DFci5gLYBciE7Vtevhsrf46CRTquxDuWsQurQQe4oz8=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v0.0.0-20200221191635-4d8936d0db64/go.mod h1:kwYJMbMJ01Woi6D6+Kah6886xMZcty6N08ah7+eCXa0=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v0.0.0-20200228230310-ab0ca4ff8a60/go.mod h1:cfTl7dwQJ+fmap5saPgwCLgHXTUD7jkjRqWcaiX5VyM=
@@ -1166,7 +925,6 @@ gopkg.in/alecthomas/kingpin.v2 v2.2.6/go.mod h1:FMv+mEhP44yOT+4EoQTLFTRgOQ1FBLks
 gopkg.in/cenkalti/backoff.v2 v2.2.1 h1:eJ9UAg01/HIHG987TwxvnzK2MgxXq97YY6rYDpY9aII=
 gopkg.in/cenkalti/backoff.v2 v2.2.1/go.mod h1:S0QdOvT2AlerfSBkp0O+dk+bbIMaNbEmVk876gPCthU=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
-gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20190902080502-41f04d3bba15/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20200227125254-8fa46927fb4f/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20201130134442-10cb98267c6c h1:Hei/4ADfdWqJk1ZMxUNpqntNwaWcugrBjAiHlqqRiVk=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20201130134442-10cb98267c6c/go.mod h1:JHkPIbrfpd72SG/EVd6muEfDQjcINNoR0C8j2r3qZ4Q=
@@ -1181,7 +939,6 @@ gopkg.in/ini.v1 v1.67.0/go.mod h1:pNLf8WUiyNEtQjuu5G5vTm06TEv9tsIgeAvK8hOrP4k=
 gopkg.in/rethinkdb/rethinkdb-go.v6 v6.2.1 h1:d4KQkxAaAiRY2h5Zqis161Pv91A37uZyJOx73duwUwM=
 gopkg.in/rethinkdb/rethinkdb-go.v6 v6.2.1/go.mod h1:WbjuEoo1oadwzQ4apSDU+JTvmllEHtsNHS6y7vFc7iw=
 gopkg.in/tomb.v1 v1.0.0-20141024135613-dd632973f1e7/go.mod h1:dt/ZhP58zS4L8KSrWDmTeBkI65Dw0HsyUHuEVlX15mw=
-gopkg.in/yaml.v1 v1.0.0-20140924161607-9f9df34309c0/go.mod h1:WDnlLJ4WF5VGsH/HVa3CI79GS0ol3YnhVnKP89i0kNg=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.1/go.mod h1:hI93XBmqTisBFMUTm0b8Fm+jr3Dg1NNxqwp+5A1VGuI=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.2/go.mod h1:hI93XBmqTisBFMUTm0b8Fm+jr3Dg1NNxqwp+5A1VGuI=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.4/go.mod h1:hI93XBmqTisBFMUTm0b8Fm+jr3Dg1NNxqwp+5A1VGuI=
@@ -1195,8 +952,6 @@ gotest.tools/v3 v3.5.2 h1:7koQfIKdy+I8UTetycgUqXWSDwpgv193Ka+qRsmBY8Q=
 gotest.tools/v3 v3.5.2/go.mod h1:LtdLGcnqToBH83WByAAi/wiwSFCArdFIUV/xxN4pcjA=
 honnef.co/go/tools v0.0.0-20190102054323-c2f93a96b099/go.mod h1:rf3lG4BRIbNafJWhAfAdb/ePZxsR/4RtNHQocxwk9r4=
 honnef.co/go/tools v0.0.0-20190523083050-ea95bdfd59fc/go.mod h1:rf3lG4BRIbNafJWhAfAdb/ePZxsR/4RtNHQocxwk9r4=
-howett.net/plist v1.0.0 h1:7CrbWYbPPO/PyNy38b2EB/+gYbjCe2DXBxgtOOZbSQM=
-howett.net/plist v1.0.0/go.mod h1:lqaXoTrLY4hg8tnEzNru53gicrbv7rrk+2xJA/7hw9g=
 k8s.io/api v0.32.3 h1:Hw7KqxRusq+6QSplE3NYG4MBxZw1BZnq4aP4cJVINls=
 k8s.io/api v0.32.3/go.mod h1:2wEDTXADtm/HA7CCMD8D8bK4yuBUptzaRhYcYEEYA3k=
 k8s.io/apimachinery v0.32.3 h1:JmDuDarhDmA/Li7j3aPrwhpNBA94Nvk5zLeOge9HH1U=

internal/cli/cli.go

@@ -458,7 +458,7 @@ func (cli *CLI) AddMachine(ctx context.Context, opts AddMachineOptions) (_ *clie
 	}
 
 	// Snapshot the cluster store version so the new machine can catch up before participating.
-	var storeVersion map[string]uint64
+	var storeVersion api.StoreVersion
 	inspectResp, err = c.MachineClient.InspectMachine(ctx, &emptypb.Empty{})
 	if err != nil {
 		// TODO(lhf): remove Unimplemented check when v0.17.0 is released.

internal/cli/connect.go

@@ -45,7 +45,17 @@ func connectClusterWithProgress(ctx context.Context, conn config.MachineConnecti
 	}
 
 	// Run the connection TUI model. Render to stderr so stdout stays clean for command output.
-	p := tea.NewProgram(newConnectModel(ctx, conn), tea.WithOutput(os.Stderr))
+	p := tea.NewProgram(newConnectModel(ctx, conn),
+		tea.WithOutput(os.Stderr),
+		tea.WithInput(nil),
+		// Ctrl+C handling
+		tea.WithFilter(func(_ tea.Model, msg tea.Msg) tea.Msg {
+			if _, ok := msg.(tea.InterruptMsg); ok {
+				return connectResultMsg{err: errors.New("connection cancelled")}
+			}
+			return msg
+		}),
+	)
 	model, err := p.Run()
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("run connection TUI: %w", err)
@@ -190,13 +200,6 @@ func (m connectModel) Update(msg tea.Msg) (tea.Model, tea.Cmd) {
 		var cmd tea.Cmd
 		m.spinner, cmd = m.spinner.Update(msg)
 		return m, cmd
-
-	case tea.KeyPressMsg:
-		if msg.String() == "ctrl+c" {
-			m.result.err = fmt.Errorf("connection cancelled")
-			m.done = true
-			return m, tea.Quit
-		}
 	}
 
 	return m, nil

internal/cli/logs/duration.go

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+package logs
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"math/big"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// Duration is an extended standard time.Duration that also supports days as a unit.
+type Duration = time.Duration
+
+// ParseDuration parses a Go duration with the additional unit d, meaning exactly 24 hours.
+// Days can be fractional or combined with other units, such as "1.5d" or "2d3h".
+func ParseDuration(value string) (Duration, error) {
+	if !strings.Contains(value, "d") {
+		return time.ParseDuration(value)
+	}
+
+	rest := value
+	var normalised strings.Builder
+	if len(rest) > 0 && (rest[0] == '-' || rest[0] == '+') {
+		normalised.WriteByte(rest[0])
+		rest = rest[1:]
+	}
+	for len(rest) > 0 {
+		// Each component is a decimal number followed by a unit. Only the leading sign is allowed.
+		numberEnd := 0
+		for numberEnd < len(rest) && (isDigit(rest[numberEnd]) || rest[numberEnd] == '.') {
+			numberEnd++
+		}
+		unitEnd := numberEnd
+		for unitEnd < len(rest) && !isDigit(rest[unitEnd]) && rest[unitEnd] != '.' {
+			unitEnd++
+		}
+		if numberEnd == 0 || unitEnd == numberEnd {
+			return 0, fmt.Errorf("time: invalid duration '%s'", value)
+		}
+		number, unit := rest[:numberEnd], rest[numberEnd:unitEnd]
+		if unit == "d" {
+			// Use exact decimal arithmetic to avoid float rounding and retain nanosecond precision.
+			days, ok := new(big.Rat).SetString(number)
+			if !ok {
+				return 0, fmt.Errorf("time: invalid duration '%s'", value)
+			}
+			days.Mul(days, new(big.Rat).SetInt64(int64(24*time.Hour)))
+			nanoseconds := new(big.Int).Quo(days.Num(), days.Denom())
+			normalised.WriteString(nanoseconds.String())
+			normalised.WriteString("ns")
+		} else {
+			normalised.WriteString(rest[:unitEnd])
+		}
+		rest = rest[unitEnd:]
+	}
+
+	// The standard parser validates the remaining units and checks the total for overflow.
+	duration, err := time.ParseDuration(normalised.String())
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("time: invalid duration '%s': %w", value, err)
+	}
+	return duration, nil
+}
+
+func isDigit(c byte) bool {
+	return c >= '0' && c <= '9'
+}

internal/cli/logs/duration_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+package logs
+
+import (
+	"math"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestParseDuration(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	for _, tt := range []struct {
+		input string
+		want  time.Duration
+	}{
+		{"0", 0},
+		{"2m30s", 150 * time.Second},
+		{"1µs", time.Microsecond},
+		{"1μs", time.Microsecond},
+		{"2d", 48 * time.Hour},
+		{"010d", 240 * time.Hour},
+		{"08d", 192 * time.Hour},
+		{"2d3h", 51 * time.Hour},
+		{"3h2d", 51 * time.Hour},
+		{"1d1d", 48 * time.Hour},
+		{"1.5d", 36 * time.Hour},
+		{".5d", 12 * time.Hour},
+		{"1.d", 24 * time.Hour},
+		{"-2d3h", -51 * time.Hour},
+		{"+2d", 48 * time.Hour},
+		{"0d", 0},
+		{"0d1ns", time.Nanosecond},
+		{"0.000000000001d", 86 * time.Nanosecond},
+		{"-0.000000000001d", -86 * time.Nanosecond},
+		{"106751d23h47m16.854775807s", time.Duration(math.MaxInt64)},
+		{"-106751d23h47m16.854775808s", time.Duration(math.MinInt64)},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tt.input, func(t *testing.T) {
+			actual, err := ParseDuration(tt.input)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.want, actual)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestParseDuration_Invalid(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	for _, input := range []string{
+		"", "d", "2d3", "1..2d", ".d", "1d-2h", "1d+2h", "1d 2h", "1day", "2D", "1w",
+		"1e2d", "1d2w", "106752d", "-106752d", "106751d23h47m16.854775808s",
+		"-106751d23h47m16.854775809s", "999999999999999999999999999d",
+	} {
+		t.Run(input, func(t *testing.T) {
+			_, err := ParseDuration(input)
+			require.Error(t, err)
+		})
+	}
+}

internal/cli/logs/formatter.go

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"charm.land/lipgloss/v2"
+	"github.com/charmbracelet/colorprofile"
 	"github.com/docker/docker/pkg/stringid"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/cli/tui"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/api"
@@ -24,6 +25,10 @@ type Formatter struct {
 	maxServiceWidth int
 
 	utc bool
+
+	// Cache each stream's terminal profile to avoid detection on every log entry.
+	stdout *colorprofile.Writer
+	stderr *colorprofile.Writer
 }
 
 func NewFormatter(machineNames, serviceNames []string, utc bool) *Formatter {
@@ -50,6 +55,8 @@ func NewFormatter(machineNames, serviceNames []string, utc bool) *Formatter {
 		maxMachineWidth: maxMachineWidth,
 		maxServiceWidth: maxServiceWidth,
 		utc:             utc,
+		stdout:          colorprofile.NewWriter(os.Stdout, os.Environ()),
+		stderr:          colorprofile.NewWriter(os.Stderr, os.Environ()),
 	}
 }
 
@@ -138,9 +145,9 @@ func (f *Formatter) PrintEntry(entry api.ServiceLogEntry) {
 
 	// Print to appropriate stream.
 	if entry.Stream == api.LogStreamStderr {
-		fmt.Fprint(os.Stderr, output.String())
+		fmt.Fprint(f.stderr, output.String())
 	} else {
-		fmt.Print(output.String())
+		fmt.Fprint(f.stdout, output.String())
 	}
 }
 
@@ -148,8 +155,7 @@ func (f *Formatter) PrintEntry(entry api.ServiceLogEntry) {
 func (f *Formatter) printError(entry api.ServiceLogEntry) {
 	if entry.Metadata.ServiceName == "" {
 		msg := fmt.Sprintf("ERROR: %v", entry.Err)
-		style := lipgloss.NewStyle().Bold(true).Foreground(lipgloss.BrightRed)
+		fmt.Fprintln(f.stderr, tui.BoldRed.Render(msg))
-		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, style.Render(msg))
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -171,8 +177,7 @@ func (f *Formatter) printError(entry api.ServiceLogEntry) {
 		msg += fmt.Sprintf(": %v", entry.Err)
 	}
 
-	style := lipgloss.NewStyle().Bold(true).Foreground(lipgloss.BrightYellow)
+	fmt.Fprintln(f.stderr, tui.BoldYellow.Render(msg))
-	fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, style.Render(msg))
 }
 
 // palette is available colors for machine/service differentiation.

internal/cli/logs/logs.go

@@ -19,6 +19,18 @@ type Options struct {
 	Machines []string
 }
 
+// TailLines resolves the default tail limit after parsing flags. An empty opts.Tail means the user
+// did not specify a limit, so --since can select all matching logs without overriding an explicit --tail.
+func (opts Options) TailLines() (int, error) {
+	if opts.Tail == "" {
+		if opts.Since != "" {
+			return -1, nil
+		}
+		return 100, nil
+	}
+	return ParseTail(opts.Tail)
+}
+
 func Flags(options *Options) *pflag.FlagSet {
 	set := &pflag.FlagSet{}
 
@@ -29,14 +41,17 @@ func Flags(options *Options) *pflag.FlagSet {
 	set.StringVar(&options.Since, "since", "",
 		"Show logs generated on or after the given timestamp. Accepts relative duration, RFC 3339 date, or Unix timestamp.\n"+
 			"Examples:\n"+
-			"  --since 2m30s                      Relative duration (2 minutes 30 seconds ago)\n"+
+			"  --since 1h45m                      Relative duration (1 hour 45 minutes ago)\n"+
-			"  --since 1h                         Relative duration (1 hour ago)\n"+
+			"                                     Supported units: d (day = 24h), h (hour), m (minute),\n"+
-			"  --since 2025-11-24                 RFC 3339 date only (midnight using local timezone)\n"+
+			"                                                      s (second), ms (millisecond),\n"+
-			"  --since 2024-05-14T22:50:00        RFC 3339 date/time using local timezone\n"+
+			"                                                      us/µs (microsecond), ns (nanosecond)\n"+
+			"  --since 2025-11-24                 RFC 3339 date only (midnight using client local timezone)\n"+
+			"  --since 2024-05-14T22:50:00        RFC 3339 date/time using client local timezone\n"+
 			"  --since 2024-01-31T10:30:00Z       RFC 3339 date/time in UTC\n"+
 			"  --since 1763953966                 Unix timestamp (seconds since January 1, 1970)")
-	set.StringVarP(&options.Tail, "tail", "n", "100",
+	set.StringVarP(&options.Tail, "tail", "n", "",
-		"Show the most recent logs and limit the number of lines shown per replica. Use 'all' to show all logs.")
+		"Show the most recent logs and limit the number of lines shown per replica. Use 'all' to show all logs.\n"+
+			"Defaults to 100, or 'all' when --since is set.")
 	set.StringVar(&options.Until, "until", "",
 		"Show logs generated before the given timestamp. Accepts relative duration, RFC 3339 date, or Unix timestamp.\n"+
 			"See --since for examples.")
@@ -46,7 +61,7 @@ func Flags(options *Options) *pflag.FlagSet {
 	return set
 }
 
-func Tail(tail string) (int, error) {
+func ParseTail(tail string) (int, error) {
 	if tail == "all" {
 		return -1, nil
 	}

internal/cli/logs/logs_test.go

@@ -7,6 +7,42 @@ import (
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
+func TestOptionsTailLines(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		args []string
+		want int
+	}{
+		{"default", nil, 100},
+		{"follow", []string{"-f"}, 100},
+		{"since", []string{"--since", "1h"}, -1},
+		{"since and follow", []string{"--since", "1h", "-f"}, -1},
+		{"until only", []string{"--until", "1h"}, 100},
+		{"time range", []string{"--since", "3h", "--until", "1h"}, -1},
+		{"explicit default with since", []string{"--since", "1h", "--tail", "100"}, 100},
+		{"explicit limit with since", []string{"--since", "1h", "-n", "20"}, 20},
+		{"explicit limit before since", []string{"-n", "20", "--since", "1h"}, 20},
+		{"explicit all", []string{"--tail", "all"}, -1},
+		{"explicit zero with since", []string{"--since", "1h", "-n", "0", "-f"}, 0},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			var options Options
+			require.NoError(t, Flags(&options).Parse(tt.args))
+			tail, err := options.TailLines()
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.want, tail)
+		})
+	}
+
+	var options Options
+	require.NoError(t, Flags(&options).Parse([]string{"--since", "1h", "--tail", "invalid"}))
+	_, err := options.TailLines()
+	require.ErrorContains(t, err, "invalid --tail value")
+}
+
 func TestParseServiceArgs(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 

internal/cli/logs/time.go

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+package logs
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// TimeRange resolves log filters that could be RFC 3339, timestamp, or relative duration to UTC timestamps.
+// Dates without a timezone use now's location. Relative durations are computed from now.
+func TimeRange(since, until string, now time.Time) (string, string, error) {
+	var err error
+	since, err = timestamp(since, now)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", "", fmt.Errorf("invalid --since value: %w", err)
+	}
+	until, err = timestamp(until, now)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", "", fmt.Errorf("invalid --until value: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return since, until, nil
+}
+
+func timestamp(value string, now time.Time) (string, error) {
+	if value == "" {
+		return "", nil
+	}
+	// A bare zero is the Unix epoch, matching Docker's log filters.
+	if duration, err := ParseDuration(value); value != "0" && err == nil {
+		return now.Add(-duration).UTC().Format(time.RFC3339Nano), nil
+	}
+
+	// Keep Docker's supported date layouts, but use the location's offset at the requested date.
+	for _, layout := range []string{
+		time.RFC3339Nano,
+		"2006-01-02T15:04Z07:00",
+		"2006-01-02T15Z07:00",
+		"2006-01-02Z07:00",
+		"2006-01-02T15:04:05.999999999",
+		"2006-01-02T15:04",
+		"2006-01-02T15",
+		"2006-01-02",
+	} {
+		if t, err := time.ParseInLocation(layout, value, now.Location()); err == nil {
+			return t.UTC().Format(time.RFC3339Nano), nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	seconds, fraction, hasFraction := strings.Cut(value, ".")
+	sec, err := strconv.ParseInt(seconds, 10, 64)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to parse '%s' as a time or duration", value)
+	}
+
+	var nsec int64
+	if hasFraction {
+		if len(fraction) == 0 || len(fraction) > 9 || strings.ContainsAny(fraction, "+-") {
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("invalid Unix timestamp fraction in '%s'", value)
+		}
+		nsec, err = strconv.ParseInt(fraction+strings.Repeat("0", 9-len(fraction)), 10, 64)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("invalid Unix timestamp fraction in '%s': %w", value, err)
+		}
+	}
+	t := time.Unix(sec, nsec).UTC()
+	if t.Year() < 0 || t.Year() > 9999 {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("Unix timestamp '%s' is outside the RFC 3339 date range", value)
+	}
+	return t.Format(time.RFC3339Nano), nil
+}

internal/cli/logs/time_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+package logs
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	timetypes "github.com/docker/docker/api/types/time"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestTimeRange(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	location, err := time.LoadLocation("Australia/Sydney")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	// October is daylight-saving time, but July timestamps must use the winter offset.
+	// Daylight saving starts on 4 October. Day durations must still mean 24 elapsed hours.
+	now := time.Date(2026, 10, 5, 12, 0, 0, 123456789, location)
+	tests := []struct {
+		input string
+		want  string
+	}{
+		{"", ""},
+		{"2026-07-01", "2026-06-30T14:00:00Z"},
+		{"2026-07-01T10", "2026-07-01T00:00:00Z"},
+		{"2026-07-01T10:30", "2026-07-01T00:30:00Z"},
+		{"2026-07-01T10:30:45.123456789", "2026-07-01T00:30:45.123456789Z"},
+		{"2026-01-01T10:00:00", "2025-12-31T23:00:00Z"},
+		{"2026-07-01T10:30:45Z", "2026-07-01T10:30:45Z"},
+		{"2026-07-01T10:30:45+02:00", "2026-07-01T08:30:45Z"},
+		{"2026-07-01T10:30:45-04:00", "2026-07-01T14:30:45Z"},
+		{"2026-07-01T10+02:00", "2026-07-01T08:00:00Z"},
+		{"2026-07-01T10:30+02:00", "2026-07-01T08:30:00Z"},
+		{"2026-07-01+02:00", "2026-06-30T22:00:00Z"},
+		{"1763953966", "2025-11-24T03:12:46Z"},
+		{"1763953966.000000001", "2025-11-24T03:12:46.000000001Z"},
+		{"0", "1970-01-01T00:00:00Z"},
+		{"2m30s", "2026-10-05T00:57:30.123456789Z"},
+		{"1d", "2026-10-04T01:00:00.123456789Z"},
+		{"2d", "2026-10-03T01:00:00.123456789Z"},
+		{"2d3h", "2026-10-02T22:00:00.123456789Z"},
+		{"1.5d", "2026-10-03T13:00:00.123456789Z"},
+		{"-2d", "2026-10-07T01:00:00.123456789Z"},
+		{"-1h", "2026-10-05T02:00:00.123456789Z"},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.input, func(t *testing.T) {
+			since, until, err := TimeRange(tt.input, tt.input, now)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.want, since)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.want, until)
+
+			if since != "" {
+				// The server-side Docker SDK must preserve the cutoff even in another timezone.
+				actual, err := timetypes.GetTimestamp(since, now.In(time.UTC))
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				expected, err := time.Parse(time.RFC3339Nano, tt.want)
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				sec, nsec, err := timetypes.ParseTimestamps(actual, 0)
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				assert.True(t, expected.Equal(time.Unix(sec, nsec)))
+			}
+		})
+	}
+
+	since, until, err := TimeRange("3h", "1h30m", now)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "2026-10-04T22:00:00.123456789Z", since)
+	assert.Equal(t, "2026-10-04T23:30:00.123456789Z", until)
+}
+
+func TestTimeRange_Invalid(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	for _, input := range []string{
+		"invalid", "2026-02-30", "2026-01-01T25:00:00", "1763953966.xyz",
+		"1763953966.1234567890", "253402300800",
+	} {
+		t.Run(input, func(t *testing.T) {
+			_, _, err := TimeRange(input, "", time.Now())
+			require.ErrorContains(t, err, "invalid --since value")
+			_, _, err = TimeRange("", input, time.Now())
+			require.ErrorContains(t, err, "invalid --until value")
+		})
+	}
+}

internal/cli/progress/event.go

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import (
 
 type eventIDKey struct{}
 
-// WithEventID returns a context that overrides the default event ID used by client methods.
+// WithEventID returns a context that overrides the event ID already set in the context.
 func WithEventID(ctx context.Context, eventID string) context.Context {
 	return context.WithValue(ctx, eventIDKey{}, eventID)
 }
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ func OldPreDeployHookEventID(serviceName, containerID, machineName string) strin
 		tui.Faint.Render(" on ") + machineName
 }
 
-// ImageEventID returns a progress event ID for image pull operations.
+// ImageEventID returns a progress event ID for image operations on a machine.
 func ImageEventID(image, machineName string) string {
 	return tui.Faint.Render("Image ") + image +
 		tui.Faint.Render(" on ") + machineName

internal/cli/tui/print.go

@@ -3,9 +3,11 @@ package tui
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
+
+	"charm.land/lipgloss/v2"
 )
 
 func PrintWarning(msg string) {
 	styledMsg := BoldYellow.Render(fmt.Sprintf("WARNING: %s", msg))
-	fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, styledMsg)
+	lipgloss.Fprintln(os.Stderr, styledMsg)
 }

internal/cli/tui/spinner.go

@@ -31,6 +31,8 @@ func RunSpinner(ctx context.Context, title string, action func(ctx context.Conte
 			}
 		})).
 		WithOutput(os.Stderr).
+		// A spinner reads no keys, saying so makes Bubble Tea skip unnecessary terminal capability queries.
+		WithInput(nil).
 		Context(ctx).
 		ActionWithErr(action).
 		Run()

internal/corrosion/admin.go

@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ import (
 	"time"
 )
 
+const adminCommandTimeout = 5 * time.Second
+
 // AdminClient is a client for the Corrosion admin API.
 type AdminClient struct {
 	sockPath string
@@ -32,10 +34,15 @@ type Response struct {
 // The channel will be closed after sending the last or error response. The caller must read from the channel until
 // it is closed.
 func (c *AdminClient) SendCommand(cmd []byte) (<-chan Response, error) {
-	conn, err := net.Dial("unix", c.sockPath)
+	// TODO: Accept contexts in admin methods so callers can cancel requests and set their deadlines.
+	conn, err := net.DialTimeout("unix", c.sockPath, adminCommandTimeout)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("connect to admin socket: %w", err)
 	}
+	if err = conn.SetDeadline(time.Now().Add(adminCommandTimeout)); err != nil {
+		conn.Close()
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("set admin connection deadline: %w", err)
+	}
 
 	if _, err = conn.Write(encodeFrame(cmd)); err != nil {
 		conn.Close()

internal/journal/journal.go

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"os/exec"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/api"
 )
@@ -31,11 +32,11 @@ func logs(ctx context.Context, unit string, opts api.ServiceLogsOptions) (io.Rea
 
 	if opts.Since != "" {
 		args = append(args, "-S")
-		args = append(args, opts.Since)
+		args = append(args, journalTimestamp(opts.Since))
 	}
 	if opts.Until != "" {
 		args = append(args, "-U")
-		args = append(args, opts.Until)
+		args = append(args, journalTimestamp(opts.Until))
 	}
 
 	cmd := commandContext(ctx, journalctl, args...)
@@ -51,6 +52,18 @@ func logs(ctx context.Context, unit string, opts api.ServiceLogsOptions) (io.Rea
 	return p, cmd.Wait, nil
 }
 
+// journalTimestamp formats normalised client timestamps for journalctl versions that do not
+// accept RFC 3339 timezone suffixes. Support for timestamps containing T and Z was added in
+// systemd 255 (6 December 2023). Debian 12 ships systemd 252, so it still needs this conversion.
+// Journald timestamps have microsecond precision.
+func journalTimestamp(value string) string {
+	if t, err := time.Parse(time.RFC3339Nano, value); err == nil {
+		return t.UTC().Format("2006-01-02 15:04:05.999999") + " UTC"
+	}
+	// Preserve raw filters from older clients and SDK callers.
+	return value
+}
+
 // follow synchronously follows the io.Reader, writing each new journal entry to channel.
 // It stops when the reader is exhausted or the context is cancelled.
 func follow(ctx context.Context, reader io.Reader, outCh chan api.LogEntry) {

internal/journal/logs_test.go

@@ -115,6 +115,9 @@ func TestEntry(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestLogs(t *testing.T) {
+	originalCommandContext := commandContext
+	t.Cleanup(func() { commandContext = originalCommandContext })
+
 	commandContext = func(ctx context.Context, _ string, _ ...string) *exec.Cmd {
 		return exec.CommandContext(ctx, "/usr/bin/tail", "testdata/logs")
 	}
@@ -150,3 +153,38 @@ func TestLogs(t *testing.T) {
 	// Still six because heartbeats are not written here and Tail is ignored as the command is overridden.
 	assert.Equal(t, 6, i)
 }
+
+func TestLogs_TimeFilters(t *testing.T) {
+	originalCommandContext := commandContext
+	t.Cleanup(func() { commandContext = originalCommandContext })
+
+	var args []string
+	commandContext = func(ctx context.Context, command string, commandArgs ...string) *exec.Cmd {
+		assert.Equal(t, "journalctl", command)
+		args = commandArgs
+		return exec.CommandContext(ctx, "/usr/bin/tail", "testdata/logs")
+	}
+
+	ch, err := Logs(context.Background(), "uncloud", api.ServiceLogsOptions{
+		Since: "2026-07-01T10:30:45.123456789+10:00",
+		Until: "2026-07-01T01:30:45Z",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	for range ch {
+	}
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{
+		"-u", "uncloud", "--no-hostname", "-n", "0", "-o", "short-unix",
+		"-S", "2026-07-01 00:30:45.123456 UTC",
+		"-U", "2026-07-01 01:30:45 UTC",
+	}, args)
+
+	// Older clients and SDK callers can still pass journalctl's native filters.
+	ch, err = Logs(context.Background(), "uncloud", api.ServiceLogsOptions{Since: "1h ago", Until: "today"})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	for range ch {
+	}
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{
+		"-u", "uncloud", "--no-hostname", "-n", "0", "-o", "short-unix",
+		"-S", "1h ago", "-U", "today",
+	}, args)
+}

internal/machine/caddyconfig/caddyfile.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"cmp"
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"log/slog"
 	"maps"
@@ -57,14 +58,12 @@ https://{{$hostname}} {
 	log
 }{{end}}
 `
-	caddyfileUnavailabeFooter = `# NOTE: User-defined configs for services were skipped because Caddy is not running on this machine
+	bootstrapMarker       = "# Uncloud bootstrap for Caddy container "
-#       (not accessible via the shared admin socket /run/uncloud/caddy/admin.sock) or the latest
+	legacyBootstrapMarker = "# NOTE: User-defined configs for services were skipped because Caddy is not running"
-#       generated config is invalid. Please check the service 'caddy' is running (uc inspect caddy)
-#       and its logs for more details (uc logs caddy).
-`
 )
 
 // CaddyfileGenerator generates a Caddyfile configuration for the Caddy reverse proxy.
+// It combines generated routes from published ports with user-defined Caddyfile snippets from service specs (x-caddy).
 type CaddyfileGenerator struct {
 	// machineID is the unique identifier of the machine where the controller is running.
 	machineID string
@@ -74,11 +73,18 @@ type CaddyfileGenerator struct {
 	log         *slog.Logger
 }
 
-// CaddyfileValidator is an interface for validating Caddyfile configurations.
+// CaddyfileValidator checks a candidate Caddyfile without loading it. Validate returns InvalidCaddyfileError only
+// when the candidate is known to be invalid. Other errors mean the check could not be completed. A successful check
+// does not guarantee that the configuration will load.
 type CaddyfileValidator interface {
 	Validate(ctx context.Context, caddyfile string) error
 }
 
+// InvalidCaddyfileError means validation completed and the candidate Caddyfile was rejected.
+type InvalidCaddyfileError struct{ Message string }
+
+func (e *InvalidCaddyfileError) Error() string { return e.Message }
+
 func NewCaddyfileGenerator(
 	machineID, machineName string, validator CaddyfileValidator, log *slog.Logger,
 ) *CaddyfileGenerator {
@@ -93,35 +99,41 @@ func NewCaddyfileGenerator(
 	}
 }
 
-// Generate creates a Caddyfile configuration based on the provided service containers.
+// Generate creates a Caddyfile for the local Caddy container from the supplied healthy application containers.
-// The Caddyfile is generated from the service ports of the healthy containers.
+// Application service ports provide the generated sites. The Caddy container's custom Caddy config (x-caddy), if
-// If a 'caddy' service container is running on this machine and defines a custom Caddy config (x-caddy) in its service
+// defined, provides the global block even when that container is unhealthy. When application custom Caddy configs
-// spec, it will be validated and prepended to the generated Caddyfile. Custom Caddy configs (x-caddy) defined in other
+// are included, the newest container for each service provides its config.
-// service specs are validated and appended to the generated Caddyfile. Invalid configs are logged and skipped to ensure
-// the generated Caddyfile remains valid.
 //
-// The final Caddyfile structure includes:
+// The resulting Caddyfile has this structure:
 //
-//	[caddy x-caddy (global config)]
+//	[caddy custom Caddy config (global)]
-//	[generated Caddyfile from all service ports]
+//	[generated sites from application service ports]
-//	[service-a x-caddy]
+//	[service-a custom Caddy config]
 //	...
-//	[service-z x-caddy]
+//	[service-z custom Caddy config]
 //
-// If includeCustom is false, custom Caddy configs (x-caddy) are not included in the generated Caddyfile.
+// Bootstrap mode keeps the global custom Caddy config and generated sites, but omits application custom Caddy configs.
+// It skips validation because Caddy may not be running yet. In this case, Caddy validates the config when it starts.
+// Global template errors still stop generation. In full mode, invalid globals stop generation, while invalid
+// application custom Caddy configs are logged and skipped.
 func (g *CaddyfileGenerator) Generate(
-	ctx context.Context, records []store.ContainerRecord, includeCustom bool,
+	ctx context.Context,
+	caddyCtr api.ServiceContainer,
+	records []store.ContainerRecord,
+	bootstrap bool,
 ) (string, error) {
+	records = slices.Clone(records)
 	// Sort records by local machine first, then by service name and creation time. Placing containers on the local
 	// machine first lets user-defined Caddy configs pair this ordering with the "first" lb_policy to always send
 	// traffic to the same-host replica (skipping the cross-machine hop) and only fall back to remote upstreams when
 	// the local one is unhealthy.
-	// The service name and creation time tiebreakers keep the generated Caddyfile stable across regenerations.
+	// The service name, creation time, and container ID tiebreakers keep the file stable across regenerations.
 	slices.SortStableFunc(records, func(a, b store.ContainerRecord) int {
 		return cmp.Or(
 			g.localMachineRank(a.MachineID)-g.localMachineRank(b.MachineID),
 			strings.Compare(a.Container.ServiceName(), b.Container.ServiceName()),
 			a.Container.CreatedTime().Compare(b.Container.CreatedTime()),
+			strings.Compare(a.Container.ID, b.Container.ID),
 		)
 	})
 
@@ -136,26 +148,11 @@ func (g *CaddyfileGenerator) Generate(
 	}
 
 	caddyfileHeader := fmt.Sprintf(caddyfileHeaderFmt, g.machineName, time.Now().UTC().Format(time.RFC3339))
-	if !includeCustom {
-		return fmt.Sprintf("%s\n%s\n%s", caddyfileHeader, caddyfile, caddyfileUnavailabeFooter), nil
-	}
-
 	upstreams := serviceUpstreams(containers)
 	// Track validation errors for reporting.
 	var configErrors []string
 
-	// Find the 'caddy' service container on this machine. Use the most recent one if multiple exist.
+	if caddyCtr.ServiceSpec.CaddyConfig() != "" {
-	var caddyCtr *api.ServiceContainer
-	for _, cr := range records {
-		if cr.MachineID == g.machineID && cr.Container.ServiceName() == CaddyServiceName &&
-			(caddyCtr == nil || cr.Container.CreatedTime().Compare(caddyCtr.CreatedTime()) > 0) {
-			caddyCtr = &cr.Container
-		}
-	}
-
-	// If the caddy container is running on this machine and has a custom Caddy config (global),
-	// prepend it to the generated Caddyfile and validate it.
-	if caddyCtr != nil && caddyCtr.ServiceSpec.CaddyConfig() != "" {
 		// Render the custom global Caddy config as a Go template with the upstreams.
 		tmplCtx := templateContext{
 			Name:      caddyCtr.ServiceName(),
@@ -163,23 +160,23 @@ func (g *CaddyfileGenerator) Generate(
 		}
 		renderedConfig, err := renderCaddyfile(tmplCtx, caddyCtr.ServiceSpec.CaddyConfig())
 		if err != nil {
-			g.log.Error("Failed to render template directives in user-defined global Caddy config, skipping it.",
+			return "", fmt.Errorf(
-				"service", caddyCtr.ServiceName(), "container", caddyCtr.ID, "err", err)
+				"render template directives in user-defined global Caddy config from Caddy container %s: %w",
-			configErrors = append(configErrors,
+				caddyCtr.ShortID(), err)
-				fmt.Sprintf("service '%s': failed to render template: %v", caddyCtr.ServiceName(), err))
+		}
-		} else {
 		caddyfileCandidate := fmt.Sprintf("# User-defined global config from service '%s'.\n%s\n\n%s",
 			caddyCtr.ServiceName(), renderedConfig, caddyfile)
-
+		if !bootstrap && g.validator != nil {
 			if err = g.validator.Validate(ctx, caddyfileCandidate); err != nil {
-				g.log.Error("User-defined global Caddy config is invalid, skipping it.",
+				return "", fmt.Errorf("validate user-defined global Caddy config from Caddy container %s: %w",
-					"service", caddyCtr.ServiceName(), "container", caddyCtr.ID, "err", err)
+					caddyCtr.ShortID(), err)
-				configErrors = append(configErrors,
+			}
-					fmt.Sprintf("service '%s': validation failed: %v", caddyCtr.ServiceName(), err))
+		}
-			} else {
 		caddyfile = caddyfileCandidate
 	}
-		}
+
+	if bootstrap {
+		return caddyfileHeader + bootstrapMarker + caddyCtr.ID + "\n\n" + caddyfile, nil
 	}
 
 	// There could be multiple service containers for the same service with different custom Caddy configs, for example,
@@ -200,7 +197,7 @@ func (g *CaddyfileGenerator) Generate(
 	// Append a custom Caddy config for each service to the Caddyfile and validate it. If the config for a service
 	// is invalid, skip it but continue processing other services to ensure the Caddyfile remains valid.
 	for _, serviceName := range sortedServiceNames {
-		// Skip the caddy container as we already processed it.
+		// Skip the caddy container as we already processed it as the global config.
 		if serviceName == CaddyServiceName {
 			continue
 		}
@@ -226,16 +223,22 @@ func (g *CaddyfileGenerator) Generate(
 
 		caddyfileCandidate := fmt.Sprintf("%s\n# User-defined config for service '%s'.\n%s\n",
 			caddyfile, serviceName, renderedConfig)
+		if g.validator != nil {
 			if err = g.validator.Validate(ctx, caddyfileCandidate); err != nil {
+				if _, ok := errors.AsType[*InvalidCaddyfileError](err); !ok {
+					return "", fmt.Errorf("validate Caddy config for service '%s': %w", serviceName, err)
+				}
 				g.log.Error("User-defined Caddy config for service is invalid, skipping it.",
 					"service", serviceName, "err", err)
-			configErrors = append(configErrors, fmt.Sprintf("service '%s': validation failed: %v", serviceName, err))
+				configErrors = append(configErrors,
-		} else {
+					fmt.Sprintf("service '%s': validation failed: %v", serviceName, err))
+				continue
+			}
+		}
 		caddyfile = caddyfileCandidate
 	}
-	}
 
-	// Append error summary as comment if there were any invalid configs.
+	// Keep skipped-snippet errors in the saved file so an operator can see why routes are missing after a restart.
 	if len(configErrors) > 0 {
 		var errorsComment strings.Builder
 		errorsComment.WriteString("# Skipped invalid user-defined configs:\n")
@@ -249,8 +252,7 @@ func (g *CaddyfileGenerator) Generate(
 	return caddyfileHeader + "\n" + caddyfile, nil
 }
 
-// localMachineRank returns 0 if the given machineID matches the local machine and 1 otherwise.
+// localMachineRank is a sorting function for containers that puts running on the local machine first.
-// Useful for sorting containers running locally first.
 func (g *CaddyfileGenerator) localMachineRank(machineID string) int {
 	if g.machineID == machineID {
 		return 0

internal/machine/caddyconfig/caddyfile_test.go

@@ -208,10 +208,11 @@ http://app.example.com {
 	ctx := context.Background()
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			// Validator is not expected to be called in these tests.
+			validator := NewMockCaddyfileValidator(t)
-			generator := NewCaddyfileGenerator("test-machine-id", "test-machine", nil, nil)
+			generator := NewCaddyfileGenerator("test-machine-id", "test-machine", validator, nil)
 
-			config, err := generator.Generate(ctx, tt.containers, true)
+			caddyCtr := newContainerRecordWithCaddyConfig("caddy", "10.210.0.1", "", "", time.Now()).Container
+			config, err := generator.Generate(ctx, caddyCtr, tt.containers, false)
 
 			if tt.wantErr {
 				assert.Error(t, err)
@@ -332,7 +333,7 @@ bad.template.com {
 `,
 		},
 		{
-			name: "caddy service with invalid global config is skipped",
+			name: "caddy service with invalid global config aborts",
 			containers: []store.ContainerRecord{
 				newContainerRecordWithCaddyConfig(
 					"caddy",
@@ -345,10 +346,7 @@ localhost {
 					time.Now(),
 				),
 			},
-			want: testCaddyfileHeader + `
+			wantErr: true,
-# Skipped invalid user-defined configs:
-# - service 'caddy': validation failed: invalid config detected
-`,
 		},
 		{
 			name: "caddy service on different machine is ignored",
@@ -786,7 +784,7 @@ web-v2.example.com {
 `,
 		},
 		{
-			name: "multiple errors: invalid global, template error, and validation error",
+			name: "invalid global aborts before application configs",
 			containers: []store.ContainerRecord{
 				newContainerRecordWithCaddyConfig(
 					"caddy",
@@ -827,17 +825,7 @@ invalid.example.com {
 					time.Now(),
 				),
 			},
-			want: testCaddyfileHeader + `
+			wantErr: true,
-# User-defined config for service 'valid'.
-valid.example.com {
-	respond "Valid config"
-}
-
-# Skipped invalid user-defined configs:
-# - service 'caddy': validation failed: invalid config detected
-# - service 'broken-template': failed to render template: parse config as Go template: template: Caddyfile:2: unterminated quoted string
-# - service 'invalid': validation failed: invalid config detected
-`,
 		},
 	}
 
@@ -846,7 +834,7 @@ valid.example.com {
 	validator.EXPECT().Validate(mock.Anything, mock.Anything).RunAndReturn(
 		func(ctx context.Context, caddyfile string) error {
 			if strings.Contains(caddyfile, "# test:invalid") {
-				return errors.New("invalid config detected")
+				return &InvalidCaddyfileError{Message: "invalid config detected"}
 			}
 			return nil
 		})
@@ -855,7 +843,8 @@ valid.example.com {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			generator := NewCaddyfileGenerator("test-machine-id", "test-machine", validator, nil)
 
-			config, err := generator.Generate(ctx, tt.containers, true)
+			caddyCtr := caddyContainerFromTestContainers(tt.containers)
+			config, err := generator.Generate(ctx, caddyCtr, tt.containers, false)
 
 			if tt.wantErr {
 				assert.Error(t, err)
@@ -868,6 +857,167 @@ valid.example.com {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestCaddyfileGeneratorBootstrap(t *testing.T) {
+	// Bootstrap keeps the local Caddy container's globals and generated routes, but omits application custom configs.
+	tests := []struct {
+		name       string
+		containers []store.ContainerRecord
+		want       string
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "global config retained and application custom configs skipped",
+			containers: []store.ContainerRecord{
+				newContainerRecordWithCaddyConfig(
+					"caddy",
+					"10.210.0.1",
+					`# Global config
+{
+	global directive
+}`,
+					"test-machine-id",
+					time.Now(),
+				),
+				newContainerRecordWithCaddyConfig(
+					"web",
+					"10.210.0.2",
+					`web.example.com {
+	reverse_proxy web:3000
+}`,
+					"test-machine-id",
+					time.Now(),
+				),
+				newContainerRecordWithPorts(
+					"api",
+					"10.210.0.3",
+					[]string{"api.example.com:8080/http"},
+					"test-machine-id",
+				),
+			},
+			want: strings.Replace(testCaddyfileHeader, "\n\n# Health check endpoint", `
+# Uncloud bootstrap for Caddy container caddy-10.210.0.1
+
+# User-defined global config from service 'caddy'.
+# Global config
+{
+	global directive
+}
+
+# Health check endpoint`, 1) + `
+# Sites generated from service ports.
+
+http://api.example.com {
+	reverse_proxy 10.210.0.3:8080 {
+		import common_proxy
+	}
+	log
+}
+`,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "no containers with x-caddy configs",
+			containers: []store.ContainerRecord{
+				newContainerRecordWithPorts(
+					"api",
+					"10.210.0.3",
+					[]string{"api.example.com:8080/http"},
+					"test-machine-id",
+				),
+			},
+			want: strings.Replace(testCaddyfileHeader, "\n\n# Health check endpoint", `
+# Uncloud bootstrap for Caddy container caddy-10.210.0.1
+
+# Health check endpoint`, 1) + `
+# Sites generated from service ports.
+
+http://api.example.com {
+	reverse_proxy 10.210.0.3:8080 {
+		import common_proxy
+	}
+	log
+}
+`,
+		},
+	}
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			validator := NewMockCaddyfileValidator(t)
+			generator := NewCaddyfileGenerator("test-machine-id", "test-machine", validator, nil)
+
+			caddyContainer := caddyContainerFromTestContainers(tt.containers)
+			config, err := generator.Generate(ctx, caddyContainer, tt.containers, true)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.want, normaliseGeneratedTimestamp(config), "Generated Caddyfile doesn't match")
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCaddyfileGenerator_ValidatorTransportErrorAbortsGeneration(t *testing.T) {
+	validator := NewMockCaddyfileValidator(t)
+	validator.EXPECT().Validate(mock.Anything, mock.Anything).Return(errors.New("socket disappeared"))
+
+	generator := NewCaddyfileGenerator("test-machine-id", "test-machine", validator, nil)
+	app := newContainerRecordWithCaddyConfig(
+		"web",
+		"10.210.0.2",
+		"web.example.com { respond ok }",
+		"test-machine-id",
+		time.Now(),
+	)
+
+	_, err := generator.Generate(context.Background(), caddyContainerFromTestContainers(nil),
+		[]store.ContainerRecord{app}, false)
+	require.ErrorContains(t, err, "socket disappeared")
+}
+
+func newContainer(ip string, ports ...string) api.ServiceContainer {
+	portsLabel := strings.Join(ports, ",")
+	return api.ServiceContainer{Container: api.Container{InspectResponse: container.InspectResponse{
+		ContainerJSONBase: &container.ContainerJSONBase{
+			State: &container.State{
+				Running: true,
+			},
+		},
+		NetworkSettings: &container.NetworkSettings{
+			Networks: map[string]*network.EndpointSettings{
+				docker.NetworkName: {
+					IPAddress: ip,
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		Config: &container.Config{
+			Labels: map[string]string{
+				api.LabelServicePorts: portsLabel,
+			},
+		},
+	}}}
+}
+
+func newContainerWithoutNetwork(ports ...string) api.ServiceContainer {
+	portsLabel := strings.Join(ports, ",")
+	return api.ServiceContainer{Container: api.Container{InspectResponse: container.InspectResponse{
+		ContainerJSONBase: &container.ContainerJSONBase{
+			State: &container.State{
+				Running: true,
+			},
+		},
+		NetworkSettings: &container.NetworkSettings{
+			Networks: map[string]*network.EndpointSettings{
+				"other-network": {
+					IPAddress: "172.17.0.2",
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		Config: &container.Config{
+			Labels: map[string]string{
+				api.LabelServicePorts: portsLabel,
+			},
+		},
+	}}}
+}
+
 func newContainerRecord(ctr api.ServiceContainer, machineID string) store.ContainerRecord {
 	return store.ContainerRecord{
 		Container: ctr,
@@ -911,100 +1061,6 @@ func newContainerRecordWithCaddyConfig(serviceName, ip, caddyConfig, machineID s
 	}
 }
 
-func TestCaddyfileGeneratorWithoutCustomConfigs(t *testing.T) {
-	// Test that when includeCustom is false (Caddy not available), x-caddy configs are skipped.
-	tests := []struct {
-		name       string
-		containers []store.ContainerRecord
-		want       string
-	}{
-		{
-			name: "x-caddy configs are skipped",
-			containers: []store.ContainerRecord{
-				newContainerRecordWithCaddyConfig(
-					"caddy",
-					"10.210.0.1",
-					`# Global config
-{
-	global directive
-}`,
-					"test-machine-id",
-					time.Now(),
-				),
-				newContainerRecordWithCaddyConfig(
-					"web",
-					"10.210.0.2",
-					`web.example.com {
-	reverse_proxy web:3000
-}`,
-					"test-machine-id",
-					time.Now(),
-				),
-				newContainerRecordWithPorts(
-					"api",
-					"10.210.0.3",
-					[]string{"api.example.com:8080/http"},
-					"test-machine-id",
-				),
-			},
-			want: testCaddyfileHeader + `
-# Sites generated from service ports.
-
-http://api.example.com {
-	reverse_proxy 10.210.0.3:8080 {
-		import common_proxy
-	}
-	log
-}
-
-# NOTE: User-defined configs for services were skipped because Caddy is not running on this machine
-#       (not accessible via the shared admin socket /run/uncloud/caddy/admin.sock) or the latest
-#       generated config is invalid. Please check the service 'caddy' is running (uc inspect caddy)
-#       and its logs for more details (uc logs caddy).
-`,
-		},
-		{
-			name: "no containers with x-caddy configs",
-			containers: []store.ContainerRecord{
-				newContainerRecordWithPorts(
-					"api",
-					"10.210.0.3",
-					[]string{"api.example.com:8080/http"},
-					"test-machine-id",
-				),
-			},
-			want: testCaddyfileHeader + `
-# Sites generated from service ports.
-
-http://api.example.com {
-	reverse_proxy 10.210.0.3:8080 {
-		import common_proxy
-	}
-	log
-}
-
-# NOTE: User-defined configs for services were skipped because Caddy is not running on this machine
-#       (not accessible via the shared admin socket /run/uncloud/caddy/admin.sock) or the latest
-#       generated config is invalid. Please check the service 'caddy' is running (uc inspect caddy)
-#       and its logs for more details (uc logs caddy).
-`,
-		},
-	}
-
-	ctx := context.Background()
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			// Validator is not expected to be called in these tests.
-			generator := NewCaddyfileGenerator("test-machine-id", "test-machine", nil, nil)
-
-			config, err := generator.Generate(ctx, tt.containers, false)
-			require.NoError(t, err)
-
-			assert.Equal(t, tt.want, normaliseGeneratedTimestamp(config), "Generated Caddyfile doesn't match")
-		})
-	}
-}
-
 func newContainerRecordWithPorts(serviceName, ip string, ports []string, machineID string) store.ContainerRecord {
 	portsLabel := strings.Join(ports, ",")
 	return store.ContainerRecord{
@@ -1037,3 +1093,18 @@ func newContainerRecordWithPorts(serviceName, ip string, ports []string, machine
 		MachineID: machineID,
 	}
 }
+
+// caddyContainerFromTestContainers returns the local Caddy container from the provided test containers,
+// or creates a default one if not found.
+func caddyContainerFromTestContainers(records []store.ContainerRecord) api.ServiceContainer {
+	if caddyCtr := selectLocalCaddyContainer(records, "test-machine-id"); caddyCtr != nil {
+		return *caddyCtr
+	}
+	return newContainerRecordWithCaddyConfig(
+		"caddy",
+		"10.210.0.1",
+		"",
+		"test-machine-id",
+		time.Now(),
+	).Container
+}

internal/machine/caddyconfig/client.go

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ package caddyconfig
 import (
 	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"net"
@@ -26,15 +25,15 @@ func NewCaddyAdminClient(socketPath string) *CaddyAdminClient {
 		client: &http.Client{
 			Timeout: 5 * time.Second,
 			Transport: &http.Transport{
-				DialContext: func(_ context.Context, _, _ string) (net.Conn, error) {
+				DialContext: func(ctx context.Context, _, _ string) (net.Conn, error) {
-					return net.Dial("unix", socketPath)
+					return (&net.Dialer{}).DialContext(ctx, "unix", socketPath)
 				},
 			},
 		},
 	}
 }
 
-// IsAvailable checks if the local Caddy instance is listening on the admin socket.
+// IsAvailable checks whether a Caddy process accepts connections at the admin socket.
 func (c *CaddyAdminClient) IsAvailable() bool {
 	conn, err := net.DialTimeout("unix", c.socketPath, 1*time.Second)
 	// A stale socket file left over from a crashed Caddy container returns ECONNREFUSED so this is correctly handled
@@ -80,15 +79,16 @@ func (c *CaddyAdminClient) Adapt(ctx context.Context, caddyfile string) (string,
 	// If the response is a 400 Bad Request, try to parse the error message from it.
 	if resp.StatusCode == http.StatusBadRequest {
 		var apiError caddy.APIError
-		if err = json.Unmarshal(body, &apiError); err == nil {
+		if err = json.Unmarshal(body, &apiError); err == nil && apiError.Message != "" {
-			return "", errors.New(apiError.Message)
+			return "", &InvalidCaddyfileError{Message: apiError.Message}
 		}
+		return "", &InvalidCaddyfileError{Message: string(body)}
 	}
 
-	return "", errors.New(string(body))
+	return "", fmt.Errorf("adapt request failed: HTTP %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, string(body))
 }
 
-// Load loads a Caddyfile configuration into the Caddy instance running on the machine.
+// Load loads a Caddyfile configuration into the Caddy instance.
 // Due to a Caddy bug (https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/issues/7246), we first adapt the Caddyfile to JSON
 // and then load the JSON config to get proper error handling.
 func (c *CaddyAdminClient) Load(ctx context.Context, caddyfile string) error {
@@ -96,7 +96,11 @@ func (c *CaddyAdminClient) Load(ctx context.Context, caddyfile string) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("adapt Caddyfile to JSON config: %w", err)
 	}
+	return c.LoadJSON(ctx, jsonConfig)
+}
 
+// LoadJSON loads a JSON configuration into the Caddy instance.
+func (c *CaddyAdminClient) LoadJSON(ctx context.Context, jsonConfig string) error {
 	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "POST", "http://localhost/load", strings.NewReader(jsonConfig))
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("create load request: %w", err)

internal/machine/caddyconfig/client_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+package caddyconfig
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func testAdminServer(t *testing.T, handler http.HandlerFunc) string {
+	t.Helper()
+	// macOS limits Unix socket paths to 104 bytes. t.TempDir can exceed that.
+	dir, err := os.MkdirTemp("/tmp", "uc-caddy-")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		_ = os.RemoveAll(dir)
+	})
+
+	socketPath := filepath.Join(dir, "admin.sock")
+	listener, err := net.Listen("unix", socketPath)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	server := httptest.NewUnstartedServer(handler)
+	_ = server.Listener.Close()
+	server.Listener = listener
+	server.Start()
+	t.Cleanup(server.Close)
+
+	return socketPath
+}
+
+func TestCaddyAdminClient_Validate(t *testing.T) {
+	var status atomic.Int64
+	status.Store(http.StatusBadRequest)
+	socket := testAdminServer(t, func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
+		w.WriteHeader(int(status.Load()))
+		_, _ = w.Write([]byte(`{"message":"invalid config"}`))
+	})
+	client := NewCaddyAdminClient(socket)
+	err := client.Validate(context.Background(), "invalid")
+	var invalid *InvalidCaddyfileError
+	assert.ErrorAs(t, err, &invalid)
+
+	status.Store(http.StatusInternalServerError)
+	err = client.Validate(context.Background(), "invalid")
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.NotErrorAs(t, err, &invalid)
+}

internal/machine/caddyconfig/controller.go

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ package caddyconfig
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"log/slog"
 	"net/netip"
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import (
 	"path/filepath"
 	"slices"
 	"strings"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/fs"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/machine/store"
@@ -20,27 +21,40 @@ const (
 	CaddyServiceName = "caddy"
 	CaddyGroup       = "uncloud"
 	VerifyPath       = "/.uncloud-verify"
+	// periodicReconciliationInterval is the interval at which the controller reconciles the Caddyfile
+	// even if no container changes are observed.
+	periodicReconciliationInterval = 30 * time.Second
 )
 
-// Controller monitors container changes in the cluster store and generates a configuration file for Caddy reverse
+// Controller keeps the local Caddy reverse proxy in sync with container state from the cluster store. It writes a
-// proxy. The generated configuration allows Caddy to route external traffic to service containers across the internal
+// Caddyfile that routes external traffic to healthy service containers across the internal network.
-// network.
+//
+// Current Caddy deployments share one Caddyfile and one admin socket per machine. The controller must preserve a
+// saved full Caddyfile when Caddy is unavailable because that file may be needed to restart or roll back a container.
+// It writes a reduced bootstrap config only when no full file exists, including when an older offline file must be
+// replaced. The shared layout cannot give overlapping Caddy revisions separate configurations.
 type Controller struct {
 	machineID     string
 	caddyfilePath string
+	service       *Service
 	generator     *CaddyfileGenerator
 	client        *CaddyAdminClient
 	store         *store.Store
 	log           *slog.Logger
-	// lastFingerprint caches the fingerprint of the containers used to generate the latest successfully loaded
+	// Tests use their own group so they can exercise real file publication without the daemon's uncloud group.
-	// Caddyfile. nil means it hasn't been loaded yet or the last load failed.
+	fileGroup string
+	// lastFingerprint records the healthy application-container inputs used for the last full Caddyfile that was
+	// successfully loaded into Caddy and saved to disk. It excludes the Caddy container, whose identity, start time,
+	// and global config are tracked separately below.
 	lastFingerprint []containerFingerprint
-	// lastCaddyfile caches the last generated Caddyfile.
+	lastCaddyCtrID  string
-	lastCaddyfile string
+	lastStartedAt   string
+	lastGlobal      string
+	lastSavedBody   string
 }
 
-// containerFingerprint is the subset of container data that the Caddyfile generator depends on.
+// containerFingerprint contains container identity and routing inputs that can change the generated Caddyfile.
-// Comparing fingerprints lets the controller skip no-op regenerations.
+// It excludes incidental Docker state so unrelated container updates do not cause a Caddy reload.
 type containerFingerprint struct {
 	ID          string
 	IP          netip.Addr
@@ -56,7 +70,8 @@ func (f containerFingerprint) Equal(other containerFingerprint) bool {
 		f.CaddyConfig == other.CaddyConfig
 }
 
-func NewController(machineID, configDir, adminSock string, store *store.Store) (*Controller, error) {
+func NewController(machineID string, service *Service, adminSock string, store *store.Store) (*Controller, error) {
+	configDir := service.configDir
 	if err := os.MkdirAll(configDir, 0o750); err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("create directory for Caddy configuration '%s': %w", configDir, err)
 	}
@@ -67,16 +82,21 @@ func NewController(machineID, configDir, adminSock string, store *store.Store) (
 	log := slog.With("component", "caddy-controller")
 	client := NewCaddyAdminClient(adminSock)
 
-	// generator is initialised by Run() once the machine name is resolved from the store.
+	// The generator is initialised by Run() after resolving the machine name from the store.
 	return &Controller{
 		machineID:     machineID,
 		caddyfilePath: filepath.Join(configDir, "Caddyfile"),
+		service:       service,
 		client:        client,
 		store:         store,
 		log:           log,
+		fileGroup:     CaddyGroup,
 	}, nil
 }
 
+// Run reconciles on container changes and every periodicReconciliationInterval. Failed work is retried every second,
+// but repeated retry failures are logged only during the periodic check.
+// The periodic check also covers missed events and outstanding failures after the daemon restarts.
 func (c *Controller) Run(ctx context.Context) error {
 	// Default the machine name to the machine ID so the Caddyfile header still carries a stable identifier if
 	// the store lookup fails.
@@ -95,13 +115,34 @@ func (c *Controller) Run(ctx context.Context) error {
 	}
 	c.log.Info("Subscribed to container changes in the cluster to generate Caddy configuration.")
 
-	containers = filterHealthyContainers(containers)
+	var retryC <-chan time.Time
-	c.generateAndLoadCaddyfile(ctx, containers)
+	periodic := time.NewTicker(periodicReconciliationInterval)
+	defer periodic.Stop()
 
-	// TODO: left for backward compatibility, remove later.
+	handleResult := func(err error, logFailure bool) {
-	if err = c.generateJSONConfig(containers); err != nil {
+		c.service.setReconciliationResult(err)
-		c.log.Error("Failed to generate Caddy JSON configuration to disk.", "err", err)
+		if err == nil {
+			retryC = nil
+			return
 		}
+		if logFailure {
+			c.log.Error("Failed to reconcile Caddy configuration, will retry.", "err", err)
+		}
+		retryC = time.After(time.Second)
+	}
+
+	reconcile := func(logFailure bool) {
+		ctrs, err := c.store.ListContainers(ctx, store.ListOptions{})
+		if err != nil {
+			err = fmt.Errorf("list containers: %w", err)
+		} else {
+			err = c.generateAndLoadCaddyfile(ctx, ctrs)
+		}
+		handleResult(err, logFailure)
+	}
+
+	// The subscription supplies an initial snapshot, so the first attempt need not wait for a change event.
+	handleResult(c.generateAndLoadCaddyfile(ctx, containers), true)
 
 	for {
 		select {
@@ -111,25 +152,18 @@ func (c *Controller) Run(ctx context.Context) error {
 			}
 			c.log.Debug("Cluster containers changed, regenerating Caddy configuration.")
 
-			containers, err = c.store.ListContainers(ctx, store.ListOptions{})
+			reconcile(true)
-			if err != nil {
+		case <-periodic.C:
-				c.log.Error("Failed to list containers.", "err", err)
+			reconcile(true)
-				continue
+		case <-retryC:
-			}
+			reconcile(false)
-			containers = filterHealthyContainers(containers)
-			c.generateAndLoadCaddyfile(ctx, containers)
-
-			// TODO: left for backward compatibility, remove later.
-			if err = c.generateJSONConfig(containers); err != nil {
-				c.log.Error("Failed to generate Caddy JSON configuration to disk.", "err", err)
-			}
 		case <-ctx.Done():
 			return nil
 		}
 	}
 }
 
-// filterHealthyContainers filters out unhealthy and hook containers.
+// filterHealthyContainers filters out unhealthy, hook, and caddy containers.
 // TODO: Filters out containers from this machine that are likely unavailable. The availability can be determined
 // by the cluster membership state of the machine that the container is running on. Implement machine membership
 // check using Corrossion Admin client.
@@ -139,6 +173,9 @@ func filterHealthyContainers(containers []store.ContainerRecord) []store.Contain
 		if cr.Container.IsHook() {
 			continue
 		}
+		if cr.Container.ServiceName() == CaddyServiceName {
+			continue
+		}
 		if cr.Container.Healthy() {
 			healthy = append(healthy, cr)
 		}
@@ -146,65 +183,96 @@ func filterHealthyContainers(containers []store.ContainerRecord) []store.Contain
 	return healthy
 }
 
-// generateAndLoadCaddyfile regenerates the Caddyfile from the given containers and loads it into the local Caddy
+// generateAndLoadCaddyfile reconciles the shared Caddyfile for the selected local Caddy container. A full candidate
-// if available.
+// reaches disk only after Caddy accepts it. Without an admin endpoint, the controller keeps a saved full file intact
-func (c *Controller) generateAndLoadCaddyfile(ctx context.Context, containers []store.ContainerRecord) {
+// and writes a bootstrap config only when the file is absent or already a bootstrap.
-	// Check if Caddy is available before attempting to generate and load config.
+func (c *Controller) generateAndLoadCaddyfile(ctx context.Context, containers []store.ContainerRecord) error {
-	caddyAvailable := c.client.IsAvailable()
+	caddyCtr := selectLocalCaddyContainer(containers, c.machineID)
-
+	if caddyCtr == nil {
-	// Skip regeneration when Caddy is available and the containers since the last successful load haven't changed.
+		// Caddy is not running locally which means there is no reliable source for the global config, skipping.
-	// When Caddy is unavailable we still regenerate to keep the Caddyfile on disk updated.
+		return nil
-	fingerprint := fingerprintContainers(containers)
-	if caddyAvailable && slices.EqualFunc(fingerprint, c.lastFingerprint, containerFingerprint.Equal) {
-		c.log.Debug("Caddy configuration is unchanged.", "path", c.caddyfilePath)
-		return
 	}
 
-	caddyfile, err := c.generator.Generate(ctx, containers, caddyAvailable)
+	saved, readErr := os.ReadFile(c.caddyfilePath)
+	if readErr != nil && !errors.Is(readErr, os.ErrNotExist) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("read saved Caddyfile: %w", readErr)
+	}
+	haveSaved := readErr == nil
+
+	healthyCtrs := filterHealthyContainers(containers)
+	fingerprint := fingerprintContainers(healthyCtrs)
+
+	if !caddyCtr.State.Running || !c.client.IsAvailable() {
+		if haveSaved && !isBootstrapCaddyfile(string(saved)) {
+			// Caddy may need this file to restart or roll back. A hosts-only replacement could drop
+			// storage or other global settings while the admin API is unavailable.
+			if caddyCtr.State.Running {
+				return fmt.Errorf("caddy admin socket unavailable, preserving saved Caddyfile")
+			}
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		bootstrap, err := c.generator.Generate(ctx, *caddyCtr, healthyCtrs, true)
 		if err != nil {
-		c.log.Error("Failed to generate Caddyfile configuration.", "err", err)
+			return fmt.Errorf("generate Caddy bootstrap config: %w", err)
-		return
+		}
+		if err = c.writeCaddyfileIfChanged(bootstrap); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("save Caddy bootstrap config: %w", err)
+		}
+		if caddyCtr.State.Running {
+			return fmt.Errorf("caddy admin socket unavailable, bootstrap config saved")
+		}
+		return nil
 	}
 
-	if !caddyAvailable {
+	if haveSaved &&
-		// Caddy is not running so the generated Caddyfile should not include user-defined configs thus must be valid.
+		caddyfileBody(string(saved)) == c.lastSavedBody &&
-		// It's safe to write the config to disk so that when Caddy is deployed on this machine, it can pick it up.
+		!isBootstrapCaddyfile(string(saved)) &&
-		if err = c.writeCaddyfileIfChanged(caddyfile); err != nil {
+		c.lastCaddyCtrID == caddyCtr.ID &&
-			c.log.Error("Failed to write Caddyfile to disk.", "err", err)
+		c.lastStartedAt == caddyCtr.State.StartedAt &&
-			return
+		c.lastGlobal == caddyCtr.ServiceSpec.CaddyConfig() &&
-		}
+		slices.EqualFunc(fingerprint, c.lastFingerprint, containerFingerprint.Equal) {
-		c.log.Debug("Caddy is not running on this machine, skipping configuration load.", "path", c.caddyfilePath)
+		// No changes to the inputs that affect the generated Caddyfile, so no reload is needed.
-		return
+		return nil
 	}
 
-	// Caddy is available, try to load the config which may fail if the config is invalid. Generally, a config can
+	caddyfile, err := c.generator.Generate(ctx, *caddyCtr, healthyCtrs, false)
-	// pass the adaptation/validation step but still fail to load, for example, if it references resources that are
+	if err != nil {
-	// not available.
+		return fmt.Errorf("generate Caddyfile: %w", err)
+	}
+	// Try to load the config which may fail if the config is invalid. Generally, a config can pass
+	// the adaptation/validation step but still fail to load, for example, if it references resources
+	// that are not available.
 	if err = c.client.Load(ctx, caddyfile); err != nil {
-		c.log.Error("Failed to load new Caddy configuration into local Caddy instance.",
+		return fmt.Errorf("load Caddyfile: %w", err)
-			"err", err, "path", c.caddyfilePath)
+	}
-		// Mark the cache stale so the next container change retries the load even if the container set is unchanged.
+	if err = c.writeCaddyfileIfChanged(caddyfile); err != nil {
-		c.lastFingerprint = nil
+		return fmt.Errorf("save loaded Caddyfile: %w", err)
-		// Don't write invalid config to disk.
-		return
 	}
 	c.lastFingerprint = fingerprint
+	c.lastCaddyCtrID = caddyCtr.ID
+	c.lastStartedAt = caddyCtr.State.StartedAt
+	c.lastGlobal = caddyCtr.ServiceSpec.CaddyConfig()
+	c.lastSavedBody = caddyfileBody(caddyfile)
+	c.log.Info("New Caddy configuration loaded into local Caddy instance.", "path", c.caddyfilePath)
 
-	// Config loaded successfully, now write it to disk.
+	return nil
-	if err = c.writeCaddyfileIfChanged(caddyfile); err != nil {
-		c.log.Error("Failed to write Caddyfile to disk after successful load.", "err", err)
-		// Config is already loaded in Caddy, so this is not critical. The next regeneration retries the disk write.
-		return
 }
 
-	c.log.Info("New Caddy configuration loaded into local Caddy instance.", "path", c.caddyfilePath)
+// isBootstrapCaddyfile distinguishes a reduced startup file from a full file that must survive Caddy outage.
+// It also recognizes the older daemon's offline file. That file omitted every x-caddy block, including globals,
+// so treating it as a protected full file would preserve the configuration-loss bug:
+// https://github.com/psviderski/uncloud/issues/412
+func isBootstrapCaddyfile(caddyfile string) bool {
+	return strings.Contains(caddyfile, bootstrapMarker) || strings.Contains(caddyfile, legacyBootstrapMarker)
 }
 
 // fingerprintContainers returns a fingerprint of containers that the Caddyfile generator depends on.
 func fingerprintContainers(containers []store.ContainerRecord) []containerFingerprint {
 	fingerprints := make([]containerFingerprint, len(containers))
 	for i, cr := range containers {
-		// Ignore ports parsing error as not much we can do about it. The generator just logs them and continues.
+		// Ignore ports parsing error as not much we can do about it. The generator just logs them and skips
+		// the container.
 		ports, _ := cr.Container.ServicePorts()
 		fingerprints[i] = containerFingerprint{
 			ID:          cr.Container.ID,
@@ -220,21 +288,71 @@ func fingerprintContainers(containers []store.ContainerRecord) []containerFinger
 	return fingerprints
 }
 
-// writeCaddyfileIfChanged writes the Caddyfile content to disk with proper permissions only if its body differs
+// selectLocalCaddyContainer chooses which local Caddy container supplies global Caddy config. A running container
-// from the last successfully written content. The first line of the Caddyfile carries a generation timestamp that
+// takes precedence over a newer stopped replacement, even if the running container is unhealthy. If two revisions
-// changes on every regeneration, so it's excluded from the comparison to avoid redundant writes.
+// run at once, the shared admin socket does not identify its owner, so this choice remains best effort.
+func selectLocalCaddyContainer(records []store.ContainerRecord, machineID string) *api.ServiceContainer {
+	var selected *api.ServiceContainer
+	for _, cr := range records {
+		ctr := cr.Container
+		if cr.MachineID != machineID || ctr.ServiceName() != CaddyServiceName || ctr.IsHook() {
+			continue
+		}
+		if selected == nil {
+			selected = &ctr
+			continue
+		}
+		if ctr.State.Running != selected.State.Running {
+			if ctr.State.Running {
+				selected = &ctr
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+		if ctr.CreatedTime().Compare(selected.CreatedTime()) > 0 {
+			selected = &ctr
+		}
+	}
+
+	return selected
+}
+
+// writeCaddyfileIfChanged atomically replaces the saved Caddyfile only if its body differs from the new content.
 func (c *Controller) writeCaddyfileIfChanged(caddyfile string) error {
-	if caddyfileBody(caddyfile) == caddyfileBody(c.lastCaddyfile) {
+	saved, err := os.ReadFile(c.caddyfilePath)
+	if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("read Caddyfile '%s': %w", c.caddyfilePath, err)
+	}
+	if err == nil && caddyfileBody(caddyfile) == caddyfileBody(string(saved)) {
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	if err := os.WriteFile(c.caddyfilePath, []byte(caddyfile), 0o640); err != nil {
+	dir := filepath.Dir(c.caddyfilePath)
-		return fmt.Errorf("write Caddyfile to file '%s': %w", c.caddyfilePath, err)
+	tmp, err := os.CreateTemp(dir, ".Caddyfile-*")
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("create temporary Caddyfile: %w", err)
 	}
-	if err := fs.Chown(c.caddyfilePath, "", CaddyGroup); err != nil {
+	defer os.Remove(tmp.Name())
-		return fmt.Errorf("change owner of Caddyfile '%s': %w", c.caddyfilePath, err)
+	defer tmp.Close()
+
+	if err = tmp.Chmod(0o640); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("set temporary Caddyfile permissions: %w", err)
+	}
+	if err = fs.Chown(tmp.Name(), "", c.fileGroup); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("change owner of temporary Caddyfile: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if _, err = tmp.WriteString(caddyfile); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("write temporary Caddyfile: %w", err)
+	}
+	if err = tmp.Sync(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("sync temporary Caddyfile: %w", err)
+	}
+	if err = tmp.Close(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("close temporary Caddyfile: %w", err)
+	}
+	if err = os.Rename(tmp.Name(), c.caddyfilePath); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("replace Caddyfile '%s': %w", c.caddyfilePath, err)
 	}
-	c.lastCaddyfile = caddyfile
 
 	return nil
 }
@@ -247,30 +365,3 @@ func caddyfileBody(caddyfile string) string {
 	}
 	return caddyfile
 }
-
-func (c *Controller) generateJSONConfig(containers []store.ContainerRecord) error {
-	serviceContainers := make([]api.ServiceContainer, len(containers))
-	for i, cr := range containers {
-		serviceContainers[i] = cr.Container
-	}
-
-	config, err := GenerateJSONConfig(serviceContainers, c.machineID)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	configBytes, err := json.MarshalIndent(config, "", "    ")
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("marshal Caddy configuration: %w", err)
-	}
-	configPath := filepath.Join(filepath.Dir(c.caddyfilePath), "caddy.json")
-
-	if err = os.WriteFile(configPath, configBytes, 0o640); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("write Caddy configuration to file '%s': %w", configPath, err)
-	}
-	if err = fs.Chown(configPath, "", CaddyGroup); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("change owner of Caddy configuration file '%s': %w", configPath, err)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}

internal/machine/caddyconfig/controller_test.go

@@ -1,14 +1,488 @@
 package caddyconfig
 
 import (
+	"context"
+	"io"
+	"log/slog"
+	"net/http"
 	"net/netip"
+	"os"
+	"os/user"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"reflect"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"testing"
+	"time"
 
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/container"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/machine/store"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/api"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
+func testController(t *testing.T, socketPath string) *Controller {
+	t.Helper()
+	group, err := user.LookupGroupId(strconv.Itoa(os.Getegid()))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "Caddyfile")
+	client := NewCaddyAdminClient(socketPath)
+	return &Controller{
+		machineID:     "test-machine-id",
+		caddyfilePath: path,
+		generator:     NewCaddyfileGenerator("test-machine-id", "test-machine", client, nil),
+		client:        client,
+		log:           slog.Default(),
+		fileGroup:     group.Name,
+	}
+}
+
+type testCaddyAdmin struct {
+	mu                    sync.Mutex
+	adaptRequests         []string
+	loadCount             int
+	rejectAdaptContaining string
+	rejectLoad            bool
+}
+
+func (a *testCaddyAdmin) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	switch r.URL.Path {
+	case "/adapt":
+		body, err := io.ReadAll(r.Body)
+		if err != nil {
+			http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			return
+		}
+		a.mu.Lock()
+		a.adaptRequests = append(a.adaptRequests, string(body))
+		reject := a.rejectAdaptContaining != "" && strings.Contains(string(body), a.rejectAdaptContaining)
+		a.mu.Unlock()
+		if reject {
+			http.Error(w, "invalid Caddyfile", http.StatusBadRequest)
+			return
+		}
+		_, _ = io.WriteString(w, `{"result":{}}`)
+	case "/load":
+		a.mu.Lock()
+		a.loadCount++
+		reject := a.rejectLoad
+		a.mu.Unlock()
+		if reject {
+			http.Error(w, "load rejected", http.StatusBadRequest)
+		}
+	default:
+		http.NotFound(w, r)
+	}
+}
+
+func (a *testCaddyAdmin) snapshot() ([]string, int) {
+	a.mu.Lock()
+	defer a.mu.Unlock()
+	return append([]string(nil), a.adaptRequests...), a.loadCount
+}
+
+func (a *testCaddyAdmin) setRejectLoad(reject bool) {
+	a.mu.Lock()
+	a.rejectLoad = reject
+	a.mu.Unlock()
+}
+
+func TestController_GenerateAndLoadCaddyfile(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("keeps the saved file when there is no local Caddy container", func(t *testing.T) {
+		controller := testController(t, filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "missing.sock"))
+		saved := "# previous full Caddyfile\n"
+		require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(controller.caddyfilePath, []byte(saved), 0o640))
+		remote := newContainerRecordWithCaddyConfig("caddy", "10.210.0.2", "{ remote }",
+			"other-machine", time.Now())
+
+		require.NoError(t, controller.generateAndLoadCaddyfile(context.Background(), []store.ContainerRecord{remote}))
+		got, err := os.ReadFile(controller.caddyfilePath)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, saved, string(got))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("does not publish a bootstrap with an invalid global template", func(t *testing.T) {
+		controller := testController(t, filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "missing.sock"))
+		caddyCtr := newContainerRecordWithCaddyConfig("caddy", "10.210.0.2", "{{upstreams",
+			"test-machine-id", time.Now())
+
+		require.ErrorContains(t, controller.generateAndLoadCaddyfile(context.Background(),
+			[]store.ContainerRecord{caddyCtr}), "render template")
+		_, err := os.Stat(controller.caddyfilePath)
+		assert.ErrorIs(t, err, os.ErrNotExist)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("bootstraps unhealthy Caddy with its globals and healthy routes", func(t *testing.T) {
+		controller := testController(t, filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "missing.sock"))
+		caddyCtr := newContainerRecordWithCaddyConfig("caddy", "10.210.0.2", "{\n\tstorage uncloud\n}",
+			"test-machine-id", time.Now())
+		caddyCtr.Container.State.Health = &container.Health{Status: "unhealthy"}
+		newerStopped := newContainerRecordWithCaddyConfig("caddy", "10.210.0.6", "{\n\tstorage replacement\n}",
+			"test-machine-id", time.Now().Add(time.Minute))
+		newerStopped.Container.State.Running = false
+		app := newContainerRecordWithPorts("web", "10.210.0.3", []string{"app.example.com:8080/http"},
+			"test-machine-id")
+		app.Container.ServiceSpec.Caddy = &api.CaddySpec{Config: "custom.example.com { respond app }"}
+		unhealthy := newContainerRecordWithPorts("unhealthy", "10.210.0.4",
+			[]string{"unhealthy.example.com:8080/http"}, "test-machine-id")
+		unhealthy.Container.State.Health = &container.Health{Status: "unhealthy"}
+		hook := newContainerRecordWithPorts("hook", "10.210.0.5",
+			[]string{"hook.example.com:8080/http"}, "test-machine-id")
+		hook.Container.Config.Labels[api.LabelHook] = "pre-deploy"
+
+		err := controller.generateAndLoadCaddyfile(context.Background(),
+			[]store.ContainerRecord{newerStopped, caddyCtr, app, unhealthy, hook})
+		require.ErrorContains(t, err, "admin socket unavailable")
+		saved, err := os.ReadFile(controller.caddyfilePath)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Contains(t, string(saved), bootstrapMarker+caddyCtr.Container.ID)
+		assert.Contains(t, string(saved), "storage uncloud")
+		assert.NotContains(t, string(saved), "storage replacement")
+		assert.Contains(t, string(saved), "app.example.com")
+		assert.NotContains(t, string(saved), "custom.example.com")
+		assert.NotContains(t, string(saved), "unhealthy.example.com")
+		assert.NotContains(t, string(saved), "hook.example.com")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("replaces a legacy offline file with a bootstrap containing globals", func(t *testing.T) {
+		controller := testController(t, filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "missing.sock"))
+		legacy := "# generated by older daemon\nhttp:// { respond ok }\n" + legacyBootstrapMarker + "\n"
+		require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(controller.caddyfilePath, []byte(legacy), 0o640))
+		caddyCtr := newContainerRecordWithCaddyConfig("caddy", "10.210.0.2", "{\n\tstorage uncloud\n}",
+			"test-machine-id", time.Now())
+
+		err := controller.generateAndLoadCaddyfile(context.Background(), []store.ContainerRecord{caddyCtr})
+		require.ErrorContains(t, err, "admin socket unavailable")
+		saved, err := os.ReadFile(controller.caddyfilePath)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Contains(t, string(saved), "storage uncloud")
+		assert.Contains(t, string(saved), bootstrapMarker+caddyCtr.Container.ID)
+		assert.NotContains(t, string(saved), legacyBootstrapMarker)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("saves a bootstrap for a stopped Caddy container with no file", func(t *testing.T) {
+		controller := testController(t, filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "missing.sock"))
+		caddyCtr := newContainerRecordWithCaddyConfig("caddy", "10.210.0.2", "{\n\tstorage uncloud\n}",
+			"test-machine-id", time.Now())
+		caddyCtr.Container.State.Running = false
+
+		require.NoError(t, controller.generateAndLoadCaddyfile(context.Background(), []store.ContainerRecord{caddyCtr}))
+		saved, err := os.ReadFile(controller.caddyfilePath)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Contains(t, string(saved), bootstrapMarker+caddyCtr.Container.ID)
+		assert.Contains(t, string(saved), "storage uncloud")
+	})
+
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		name    string
+		running bool
+	}{
+		{name: "preserves a full file when the admin socket is unavailable", running: true},
+		{name: "preserves a stopped container's full file", running: false},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			controller := testController(t, filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "missing.sock"))
+			saved := "{\n\tstorage uncloud\n}\n\nold.example.com { respond old }\n"
+			require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(controller.caddyfilePath, []byte(saved), 0o640))
+			caddyCtr := newContainerRecordWithCaddyConfig("caddy", "10.210.0.2", "{\n\tstorage new\n}",
+				"test-machine-id", time.Now())
+			caddyCtr.Container.State.Running = tc.running
+			app := newContainerRecordWithPorts("web", "10.210.0.3", []string{"new.example.com:8080/http"},
+				"test-machine-id")
+
+			err := controller.generateAndLoadCaddyfile(context.Background(), []store.ContainerRecord{caddyCtr, app})
+			if tc.running {
+				require.ErrorContains(t, err, "admin socket unavailable")
+			} else {
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+			}
+			got, err := os.ReadFile(controller.caddyfilePath)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.Equal(t, saved, string(got))
+		})
+	}
+
+	t.Run("loads a full file and reloads after Caddy restarts", func(t *testing.T) {
+		admin := &testCaddyAdmin{}
+		controller := testController(t, testAdminServer(t, admin.ServeHTTP))
+		caddyCtr := newContainerRecordWithCaddyConfig("caddy", "10.210.0.2", "{\n\tstorage uncloud\n}",
+			"test-machine-id", time.Now())
+		caddyCtr.Container.State.Health = &container.Health{Status: "unhealthy"}
+		app := newContainerRecordWithCaddyConfig("web", "10.210.0.3", "app.example.com { respond app }",
+			"test-machine-id", time.Now())
+		records := []store.ContainerRecord{caddyCtr, app}
+
+		require.NoError(t, controller.generateAndLoadCaddyfile(context.Background(), records))
+		saved, err := os.ReadFile(controller.caddyfilePath)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Contains(t, string(saved), "storage uncloud")
+		assert.Contains(t, string(saved), "app.example.com")
+		assert.NotContains(t, string(saved), bootstrapMarker)
+		adapted, loads := admin.snapshot()
+		require.NotEmpty(t, adapted)
+		assert.Contains(t, adapted[0], "storage uncloud")
+		assert.Equal(t, 1, loads)
+
+		require.NoError(t, controller.generateAndLoadCaddyfile(context.Background(), records))
+		_, loads = admin.snapshot()
+		assert.Equal(t, 1, loads, "unchanged inputs should not reload Caddy")
+
+		records[0].Container.State.StartedAt = time.Now().UTC().Format(time.RFC3339Nano)
+		require.NoError(t, controller.generateAndLoadCaddyfile(context.Background(), records))
+		_, loads = admin.snapshot()
+		assert.Equal(t, 2, loads, "a restarted Caddy process needs the full configuration")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("reloads when an application route changes", func(t *testing.T) {
+		admin := &testCaddyAdmin{}
+		controller := testController(t, testAdminServer(t, admin.ServeHTTP))
+		caddyCtr := newContainerRecordWithCaddyConfig("caddy", "10.210.0.2", "{\n\tstorage uncloud\n}",
+			"test-machine-id", time.Now())
+		app := newContainerRecordWithPorts("web", "10.210.0.3", []string{"app.example.com:8080/http"},
+			"test-machine-id")
+		records := []store.ContainerRecord{caddyCtr, app}
+
+		require.NoError(t, controller.generateAndLoadCaddyfile(context.Background(), records))
+		_, loads := admin.snapshot()
+		assert.Equal(t, 1, loads)
+
+		records[1] = newContainerRecordWithPorts("web", "10.210.0.4",
+			[]string{"app.example.com:8080/http"}, "test-machine-id")
+		require.NoError(t, controller.generateAndLoadCaddyfile(context.Background(), records))
+		saved, err := os.ReadFile(controller.caddyfilePath)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Contains(t, string(saved), "10.210.0.4:8080")
+		assert.NotContains(t, string(saved), "10.210.0.3:8080")
+		_, loads = admin.snapshot()
+		assert.Equal(t, 2, loads)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("rejects invalid globals without loading or replacing the saved file", func(t *testing.T) {
+		admin := &testCaddyAdmin{rejectAdaptContaining: "storage rejected"}
+		controller := testController(t, testAdminServer(t, admin.ServeHTTP))
+		saved := "{\n\tstorage uncloud\n}\n\nold.example.com { respond old }\n"
+		require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(controller.caddyfilePath, []byte(saved), 0o640))
+		caddyCtr := newContainerRecordWithCaddyConfig("caddy", "10.210.0.2", "{\n\tstorage rejected\n}",
+			"test-machine-id", time.Now())
+
+		err := controller.generateAndLoadCaddyfile(context.Background(), []store.ContainerRecord{caddyCtr})
+		require.ErrorContains(t, err, "validate user-defined global Caddy config")
+		got, err := os.ReadFile(controller.caddyfilePath)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, saved, string(got))
+		_, loads := admin.snapshot()
+		assert.Zero(t, loads)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("skips invalid application custom config", func(t *testing.T) {
+		admin := &testCaddyAdmin{rejectAdaptContaining: "invalid.example.com"}
+		controller := testController(t, testAdminServer(t, admin.ServeHTTP))
+		caddyCtr := newContainerRecordWithCaddyConfig("caddy", "10.210.0.2", "{\n\tstorage uncloud\n}",
+			"test-machine-id", time.Now())
+		invalid := newContainerRecordWithCaddyConfig("invalid", "10.210.0.3",
+			"invalid.example.com { respond bad }", "test-machine-id", time.Now())
+		valid := newContainerRecordWithCaddyConfig("valid", "10.210.0.4",
+			"valid.example.com { respond good }", "test-machine-id", time.Now())
+
+		require.NoError(t, controller.generateAndLoadCaddyfile(context.Background(),
+			[]store.ContainerRecord{caddyCtr, invalid, valid}))
+		saved, err := os.ReadFile(controller.caddyfilePath)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Contains(t, string(saved), "storage uncloud")
+		assert.Contains(t, string(saved), "valid.example.com")
+		assert.NotContains(t, string(saved), "invalid.example.com")
+		assert.Contains(t, string(saved), "Skipped invalid user-defined configs")
+		_, loads := admin.snapshot()
+		assert.Equal(t, 1, loads)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("keeps the saved file when application validation cannot complete", func(t *testing.T) {
+		var loads atomic.Int64
+		socket := testAdminServer(t, func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			switch r.URL.Path {
+			case "/adapt":
+				http.Error(w, "adapter unavailable", http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			case "/load":
+				loads.Add(1)
+			default:
+				http.NotFound(w, r)
+			}
+		})
+		controller := testController(t, socket)
+		saved := "old.example.com { respond old }\n"
+		require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(controller.caddyfilePath, []byte(saved), 0o640))
+		caddyCtr := newContainerRecordWithCaddyConfig("caddy", "10.210.0.2", "",
+			"test-machine-id", time.Now())
+		app := newContainerRecordWithCaddyConfig("web", "10.210.0.3", "new.example.com { respond new }",
+			"test-machine-id", time.Now())
+
+		err := controller.generateAndLoadCaddyfile(context.Background(), []store.ContainerRecord{caddyCtr, app})
+		require.ErrorContains(t, err, "validate Caddy config for service")
+		got, err := os.ReadFile(controller.caddyfilePath)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, saved, string(got))
+		assert.Zero(t, loads.Load())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("retries a rejected load without changing inputs", func(t *testing.T) {
+		admin := &testCaddyAdmin{rejectLoad: true}
+		controller := testController(t, testAdminServer(t, admin.ServeHTTP))
+		saved := "{\n\tstorage old\n}\n\nold.example.com { respond old }\n"
+		require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(controller.caddyfilePath, []byte(saved), 0o640))
+		caddyCtr := newContainerRecordWithCaddyConfig("caddy", "10.210.0.2", "{\n\tstorage uncloud\n}",
+			"test-machine-id", time.Now())
+		records := []store.ContainerRecord{caddyCtr}
+
+		require.ErrorContains(t, controller.generateAndLoadCaddyfile(context.Background(), records), "load Caddyfile")
+		got, err := os.ReadFile(controller.caddyfilePath)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, saved, string(got))
+		admin.setRejectLoad(false)
+
+		require.NoError(t, controller.generateAndLoadCaddyfile(context.Background(), records))
+		got, err = os.ReadFile(controller.caddyfilePath)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Contains(t, string(got), "storage uncloud")
+		_, loads := admin.snapshot()
+		assert.Equal(t, 2, loads)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("retries saving after a successful load", func(t *testing.T) {
+		admin := &testCaddyAdmin{}
+		controller := testController(t, testAdminServer(t, admin.ServeHTTP))
+		group := controller.fileGroup
+		controller.fileGroup = "uncloud-test-group-that-does-not-exist"
+		saved := "{\n\tstorage old\n}\n\nold.example.com { respond old }\n"
+		require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(controller.caddyfilePath, []byte(saved), 0o640))
+		caddyCtr := newContainerRecordWithCaddyConfig("caddy", "10.210.0.2", "{\n\tstorage uncloud\n}",
+			"test-machine-id", time.Now())
+		records := []store.ContainerRecord{caddyCtr}
+
+		require.ErrorContains(t, controller.generateAndLoadCaddyfile(context.Background(), records), "save loaded Caddyfile")
+		got, err := os.ReadFile(controller.caddyfilePath)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, saved, string(got))
+		controller.fileGroup = group
+
+		require.NoError(t, controller.generateAndLoadCaddyfile(context.Background(), records))
+		got, err = os.ReadFile(controller.caddyfilePath)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Contains(t, string(got), "storage uncloud")
+		_, loads := admin.snapshot()
+		assert.Equal(t, 2, loads)
+		require.NoError(t, controller.generateAndLoadCaddyfile(context.Background(), records))
+		_, loads = admin.snapshot()
+		assert.Equal(t, 2, loads, "a loaded and saved revision should not reload")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("loads a saved bootstrap when the admin socket becomes available", func(t *testing.T) {
+		controller := testController(t, filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "missing.sock"))
+		caddyCtr := newContainerRecordWithCaddyConfig("caddy", "10.210.0.2", "{\n\tstorage uncloud\n}",
+			"test-machine-id", time.Now())
+		records := []store.ContainerRecord{caddyCtr}
+		require.Error(t, controller.generateAndLoadCaddyfile(context.Background(), records))
+		bootstrap, err := os.ReadFile(controller.caddyfilePath)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Contains(t, string(bootstrap), bootstrapMarker)
+
+		admin := &testCaddyAdmin{}
+		socket := testAdminServer(t, admin.ServeHTTP)
+		controller.client = NewCaddyAdminClient(socket)
+		controller.generator = NewCaddyfileGenerator("test-machine-id", "test-machine", controller.client, nil)
+		require.NoError(t, controller.generateAndLoadCaddyfile(context.Background(), records))
+		full, err := os.ReadFile(controller.caddyfilePath)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.NotContains(t, string(full), bootstrapMarker)
+		_, loads := admin.snapshot()
+		assert.Equal(t, 1, loads)
+
+		require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(controller.caddyfilePath, bootstrap, 0o640))
+		require.NoError(t, controller.generateAndLoadCaddyfile(context.Background(), records))
+		_, loads = admin.snapshot()
+		assert.Equal(t, 2, loads, "a saved bootstrap is not an applied full configuration")
+	})
+}
+
+func TestController_WriteCaddyfileIfChanged(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("publishes a complete file with the configured group", func(t *testing.T) {
+		controller := testController(t, filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "missing.sock"))
+		caddyfile := "# Generated now\n{\n\tstorage uncloud\n}\n"
+
+		require.NoError(t, controller.writeCaddyfileIfChanged(caddyfile))
+		got, err := os.ReadFile(controller.caddyfilePath)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, caddyfile, string(got))
+		info, err := os.Stat(controller.caddyfilePath)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, os.FileMode(0o640), info.Mode().Perm())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("does not replace a file when only the timestamp changes", func(t *testing.T) {
+		controller := testController(t, filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "missing.sock"))
+		saved := "# Generated yesterday\nsite.example.com { respond ok }\n"
+		require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(controller.caddyfilePath, []byte(saved), 0o640))
+		before, err := os.Stat(controller.caddyfilePath)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		require.NoError(t, controller.writeCaddyfileIfChanged(
+			"# Generated today\nsite.example.com { respond ok }\n"))
+		got, err := os.ReadFile(controller.caddyfilePath)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, saved, string(got))
+		after, err := os.Stat(controller.caddyfilePath)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.True(t, os.SameFile(before, after), "an unchanged body should not replace the file")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("preserves the previous file when publication fails", func(t *testing.T) {
+		controller := testController(t, filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "missing.sock"))
+		controller.fileGroup = "uncloud-test-group-that-does-not-exist"
+		saved := "# previous\nsite.example.com { respond old }\n"
+		require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(controller.caddyfilePath, []byte(saved), 0o640))
+
+		err := controller.writeCaddyfileIfChanged("# next\nsite.example.com { respond new }\n")
+		require.ErrorContains(t, err, "change owner of temporary Caddyfile")
+		got, err := os.ReadFile(controller.caddyfilePath)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, saved, string(got))
+		tmpFiles, err := filepath.Glob(filepath.Join(filepath.Dir(controller.caddyfilePath), ".Caddyfile-*"))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Empty(t, tmpFiles)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestSelectLocalCaddyContainer(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("prefers a running unhealthy container over a newer stopped one", func(t *testing.T) {
+		older := newContainerRecordWithCaddyConfig("caddy", "10.210.0.2", "{ older }",
+			"test-machine-id", time.Now().Add(-time.Hour))
+		older.Container.State.Health = &container.Health{Status: "unhealthy"}
+		newer := newContainerRecordWithCaddyConfig("caddy", "10.210.0.3", "{ newer }",
+			"test-machine-id", time.Now())
+		newer.Container.State.Running = false
+
+		selected := selectLocalCaddyContainer([]store.ContainerRecord{newer, older}, "test-machine-id")
+		require.NotNil(t, selected)
+		assert.Equal(t, older.Container.ID, selected.ID)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("ignores remote and hook containers", func(t *testing.T) {
+		local := newContainerRecordWithCaddyConfig("caddy", "10.210.0.2", "{ local }",
+			"test-machine-id", time.Now().Add(-time.Hour))
+		remote := newContainerRecordWithCaddyConfig("caddy", "10.210.0.3", "{ remote }",
+			"other-machine", time.Now())
+		hook := newContainerRecordWithCaddyConfig("caddy", "10.210.0.4", "{ hook }",
+			"test-machine-id", time.Now())
+		hook.Container.Config.Labels[api.LabelHook] = "pre-deploy"
+
+		selected := selectLocalCaddyContainer([]store.ContainerRecord{remote, hook, local}, "test-machine-id")
+		require.NotNil(t, selected)
+		assert.Equal(t, local.Container.ID, selected.ID)
+	})
+}
+
 // TestContainerFingerprint_EqualCoversAllFields is a guard: when a field is added to containerFingerprint,
 // Equal must also compare it. A mutation of any single field should flip equality to false. If this test fails
 // after adding a field, update Equal to include it.

internal/machine/caddyconfig/jsonconfig.go

@@ -1,141 +0,0 @@
-package caddyconfig
-
-import (
-	"encoding/json"
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"maps"
-	"net/http"
-	"slices"
-	"strconv"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
-	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/caddyconfig"
-	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/modules/caddyhttp"
-	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/modules/caddyhttp/reverseproxy"
-	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/api"
-)
-
-func GenerateJSONConfig(containers []api.ServiceContainer, verifyResponse string) (*caddy.Config, error) {
-	httpHostUpstreams, httpsHostUpstreams := httpUpstreamsFromPorts(containers)
-
-	var warnings []caddyconfig.Warning
-	servers := make(map[string]*caddyhttp.Server)
-	servers["http"] = &caddyhttp.Server{
-		Listen: []string{fmt.Sprintf(":%d", caddyhttp.DefaultHTTPPort)},
-		// All http requests to this server are logged to the default logger.
-		Logs: &caddyhttp.ServerLogConfig{},
-		Routes: append(
-			hostUpstreamsToRoutes(httpHostUpstreams, &warnings),
-			// Add a route to respond with a static verification response at the /.uncloud-verify path.
-			verificationRoute(verifyResponse, &warnings),
-		),
-	}
-	servers["https"] = &caddyhttp.Server{
-		Listen: []string{fmt.Sprintf(":%d", caddyhttp.DefaultHTTPSPort)},
-		// All https requests to this server are logged to the default logger.
-		Logs:   &caddyhttp.ServerLogConfig{},
-		Routes: hostUpstreamsToRoutes(httpsHostUpstreams, &warnings),
-	}
-
-	httpApp := caddyhttp.App{
-		Servers: servers,
-	}
-	config := &caddy.Config{
-		AppsRaw: caddy.ModuleMap{
-			"http": caddyconfig.JSON(httpApp, &warnings),
-		},
-	}
-
-	var err error
-	if len(warnings) > 0 {
-		// warnings only contains errors from JSON marshaling, which are highly unlikely with correct code.
-		for _, w := range warnings {
-			err = errors.Join(err, errors.New(w.Message))
-		}
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("marshal Caddy configuration: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return config, nil
-}
-
-// hostUpstreamsToRoutes converts a map of hostnames to upstreams to a list of Caddy routes.
-func hostUpstreamsToRoutes(hostUpstreams map[string][]string, warnings *[]caddyconfig.Warning) []caddyhttp.Route {
-	// Sort hostnames for deterministic output.
-	hostnames := slices.Collect(maps.Keys(hostUpstreams))
-	slices.Sort(hostnames)
-
-	routes := make([]caddyhttp.Route, 0, len(hostUpstreams))
-	for _, hostname := range hostnames {
-		upstreams := hostUpstreams[hostname]
-		upstreamPool := make([]*reverseproxy.Upstream, len(upstreams))
-		for i, upstream := range upstreams {
-			upstreamPool[i] = &reverseproxy.Upstream{
-				Dial: upstream,
-			}
-		}
-		handler := &reverseproxy.Handler{
-			HealthChecks: &reverseproxy.HealthChecks{
-				// Enable passive health checks to automatically detect unhealthy upstreams.
-				Passive: &reverseproxy.PassiveHealthChecks{
-					FailDuration: caddy.Duration(30 * time.Second),
-				},
-			},
-			LoadBalancing: &reverseproxy.LoadBalancing{
-				// Retry failed requests to skip over temporarily unavailable upstreams.
-				Retries: 3,
-			},
-			Upstreams: upstreamPool,
-		}
-
-		routes = append(routes, caddyhttp.Route{
-			MatcherSetsRaw: caddyhttp.RawMatcherSets{
-				{
-					"host": caddyconfig.JSON(caddyhttp.MatchHost{hostname}, warnings),
-				},
-			},
-			HandlersRaw: []json.RawMessage{
-				caddyconfig.JSONModuleObject(handler, "handler", "reverse_proxy", warnings),
-			},
-		})
-	}
-	return routes
-}
-
-// verificationRoute returns a Caddy route that responds with the given static response at the /.uncloud-verify path.
-func verificationRoute(response string, warnings *[]caddyconfig.Warning) caddyhttp.Route {
-	// Return the following route:
-	// {
-	//   "match": [
-	//     {
-	//       "path": [
-	//         "/.uncloud-verify"
-	//       ]
-	//     }
-	//   ],
-	//   "handle": [
-	//     {
-	//       "handler": "static_response",
-	//       "body": "<response>",
-	//       "status_code": 200
-	//     }
-	//   ]
-	// }
-
-	staticResponse := caddyhttp.StaticResponse{
-		StatusCode: caddyhttp.WeakString(strconv.Itoa(http.StatusOK)),
-		Body:       response,
-	}
-
-	return caddyhttp.Route{
-		MatcherSetsRaw: caddyhttp.RawMatcherSets{
-			{
-				"path": caddyconfig.JSON(caddyhttp.MatchPath{VerifyPath}, warnings),
-			},
-		},
-		HandlersRaw: []json.RawMessage{
-			caddyconfig.JSONModuleObject(staticResponse, "handler", "static_response", warnings),
-		},
-	}
-}

internal/machine/caddyconfig/jsonconfig_test.go

@@ -1,378 +0,0 @@
-package caddyconfig
-
-import (
-	"strings"
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/container"
-	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/network"
-	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/machine/docker"
-	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/api"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-)
-
-func TestGenerateJSONConfig(t *testing.T) {
-	configWithoutServices := `{
-		"servers": {
-			"http": {
-				"listen": [":80"],
-				"routes": [{
-					"match": [{"path": ["/.uncloud-verify"]}],
-					"handle": [{
-						"body": "verification-response-body",
-						"handler": "static_response",
-						"status_code": 200
-					}]
-				}],
-				"logs": {}
-			},
-			"https": {
-				"listen": [":443"],
-				"logs": {}
-			}
-		}
-	}`
-
-	tests := []struct {
-		name       string
-		containers []api.ServiceContainer
-		want       string
-		wantErr    bool
-	}{
-		{
-			name:       "empty containers",
-			containers: []api.ServiceContainer{},
-			want:       configWithoutServices,
-			wantErr:    false,
-		},
-
-		{
-			name: "HTTP container",
-			containers: []api.ServiceContainer{
-				newContainer("10.210.0.2", "app.example.com:8080/http"),
-			},
-			want: `{
-                "servers": {
-                    "http": {
-                        "listen": [":80"],
-                        "routes": [
-                            {
-                                "match": [{"host": ["app.example.com"]}],
-                                "handle": [{
-                                    "handler": "reverse_proxy",
-									"health_checks": {
-                                        "passive": {
-                                            "fail_duration": 30000000000
-                                        }
-                                    },
-                                    "load_balancing": {
-                                        "retries": 3
-                                    },
-                                    "upstreams": [{"dial": "10.210.0.2:8080"}]
-                                }]
-                            },
-                            {
-                                "match": [{"path": ["/.uncloud-verify"]}],
-                                "handle": [{
-                                    "body": "verification-response-body",
-                                    "handler": "static_response",
-                                    "status_code": 200
-                                }]
-                            }
-                        ],
-						"logs": {}
-                    },
-                    "https": {
-                        "listen": [":443"],
-						"logs": {}
-                    }
-                }
-            }`,
-			wantErr: false,
-		},
-		{
-			name: "load balancing multiple containers",
-			containers: []api.ServiceContainer{
-				newContainer("10.210.0.2", "app.example.com:8080/http"),
-				newContainer("10.210.0.3", "app.example.com:8080/http"),
-			},
-			want: `{
-                "servers": {
-                    "http": {
-                        "listen": [":80"],
-                        "routes": [
-                            {
-                                "match": [{"host": ["app.example.com"]}],
-                                "handle": [{
-                                    "handler": "reverse_proxy",
-									"health_checks": {
-                                        "passive": {
-                                            "fail_duration": 30000000000
-                                        }
-                                    },
-                                    "load_balancing": {
-                                        "retries": 3
-                                    },
-                                    "upstreams": [
-                                        {"dial": "10.210.0.2:8080"},
-                                        {"dial": "10.210.0.3:8080"}
-                                    ]
-                                }]
-                            },
-                            {
-                                "match": [{"path": ["/.uncloud-verify"]}],
-                                "handle": [{
-                                    "body": "verification-response-body",
-                                    "handler": "static_response",
-                                    "status_code": 200
-                                }]
-                            }
-                        ],
-						"logs": {}
-                    },
-                    "https": {
-                        "listen": [":443"],
-						"logs": {}
-                    }
-                }
-            }`,
-			wantErr: false,
-		},
-		{
-			name: "HTTPS container",
-			containers: []api.ServiceContainer{
-				newContainer("10.210.0.2", "secure.example.com:8000/https"),
-			},
-			want: `{
-                "servers": {
-                    "http": {
-                        "listen": [":80"],
-                        "routes": [
-                            {
-                                "match": [{"path": ["/.uncloud-verify"]}],
-                                "handle": [{
-                                    "body": "verification-response-body",
-                                    "handler": "static_response",
-                                    "status_code": 200
-                                }]
-                            }
-                        ],
-						"logs": {}
-                    },
-                    "https": {
-                        "listen": [":443"],
-                        "routes": [
-                            {
-                                "match": [{"host": ["secure.example.com"]}],
-                                "handle": [{
-                                    "handler": "reverse_proxy",
-									"health_checks": {
-                                        "passive": {
-                                            "fail_duration": 30000000000
-                                        }
-                                    },
-                                    "load_balancing": {
-                                        "retries": 3
-                                    },
-                                    "upstreams": [{"dial": "10.210.0.2:8000"}]
-                                }]
-                            }
-                        ],
-						"logs": {}
-                    }
-                }
-            }`,
-			wantErr: false,
-		},
-		{
-			name: "mixed HTTP and HTTPS",
-			containers: []api.ServiceContainer{
-				newContainer("10.210.0.2",
-					"app.example.com:8080/http",
-					"web.example.com:8000/http"),
-				newContainer("10.210.0.3",
-					"app.example.com:8080/http",
-					"secure.example.com:8888/https"),
-				newContainer("10.210.0.4",
-					"web.example.com:8000/http",
-					"secure.example.com:8888/https"),
-				newContainer("10.210.0.5",
-					"app.example.com:8080/http",
-					"web.example.com:8000/http",
-					"secure.example.com:8888/https"),
-			},
-			want: `{
-                "servers": {
-                    "http": {
-                        "listen": [":80"],
-                        "routes": [
-                            {
-                                "match": [{"host": ["app.example.com"]}],
-                                "handle": [{
-                                    "handler": "reverse_proxy",
-									"health_checks": {
-                                        "passive": {
-                                            "fail_duration": 30000000000
-                                        }
-                                    },
-                                    "load_balancing": {
-                                        "retries": 3
-                                    },
-                                    "upstreams": [
-										{"dial": "10.210.0.2:8080"},
-										{"dial": "10.210.0.3:8080"},
-										{"dial": "10.210.0.5:8080"}
-									]
-                                }]
-                            },
-							{
-                                "match": [{"host": ["web.example.com"]}],
-                                "handle": [{
-                                    "handler": "reverse_proxy",
-									"health_checks": {
-                                        "passive": {
-                                            "fail_duration": 30000000000
-                                        }
-                                    },
-                                    "load_balancing": {
-                                        "retries": 3
-                                    },
-                                    "upstreams": [
-										{"dial": "10.210.0.2:8000"},
-										{"dial": "10.210.0.4:8000"},
-										{"dial": "10.210.0.5:8000"}
-									]
-                                }]
-                            },
-                            {
-                                "match": [{"path": ["/.uncloud-verify"]}],
-                                "handle": [{
-                                    "body": "verification-response-body",
-                                    "handler": "static_response",
-                                    "status_code": 200
-                                }]
-                            }
-                        ],
-						"logs": {}
-                    },
-                    "https": {
-                        "listen": [":443"],
-                        "routes": [
-                            {
-                                "match": [{"host": ["secure.example.com"]}],
-                                "handle": [{
-                                    "handler": "reverse_proxy",
-									"health_checks": {
-                                        "passive": {
-                                            "fail_duration": 30000000000
-                                        }
-                                    },
-                                    "load_balancing": {
-                                        "retries": 3
-                                    },
-                                    "upstreams": [
-										{"dial": "10.210.0.3:8888"},
-										{"dial": "10.210.0.4:8888"},
-										{"dial": "10.210.0.5:8888"}
-									]
-                                }]
-                            }
-                        ],
-						"logs": {}
-                    }
-                }
-            }`,
-			wantErr: false,
-		},
-		{
-			name: "container without uncloud network ignored",
-			containers: []api.ServiceContainer{
-				newContainerWithoutNetwork("ignored.example.com:8080/http"),
-			},
-			want:    configWithoutServices,
-			wantErr: false,
-		},
-		{
-			name: "container with invalid port ignored",
-			containers: []api.ServiceContainer{
-				newContainer("10.210.0.2", "invalid-port"),
-			},
-			want:    configWithoutServices,
-			wantErr: false,
-		},
-		{
-			name: "containers with unsupported protocols and host mode ignored",
-			containers: []api.ServiceContainer{
-				newContainer("10.210.0.2", "5000/tcp"),
-				newContainer("10.210.0.3", "5000/udp"),
-				newContainer("10.210.0.4", "80:8080/tcp@host"),
-			},
-			want:    configWithoutServices,
-			wantErr: false,
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			config, err := GenerateJSONConfig(tt.containers, "verification-response-body")
-
-			if tt.wantErr {
-				assert.Error(t, err)
-				return
-			}
-			require.NoError(t, err)
-
-			require.Len(t, config.AppsRaw, 1, "Expected one http app")
-			require.Contains(t, config.AppsRaw, "http", "Expected http app")
-
-			assert.JSONEq(t, tt.want, string(config.AppsRaw["http"]), "Generated Caddy app config doesn't match")
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func newContainer(ip string, ports ...string) api.ServiceContainer {
-	portsLabel := strings.Join(ports, ",")
-	return api.ServiceContainer{Container: api.Container{InspectResponse: container.InspectResponse{
-		ContainerJSONBase: &container.ContainerJSONBase{
-			State: &container.State{
-				Running: true,
-			},
-		},
-		NetworkSettings: &container.NetworkSettings{
-			Networks: map[string]*network.EndpointSettings{
-				docker.NetworkName: {
-					IPAddress: ip,
-				},
-			},
-		},
-		Config: &container.Config{
-			Labels: map[string]string{
-				api.LabelServicePorts: portsLabel,
-			},
-		},
-	}}}
-}
-
-func newContainerWithoutNetwork(ports ...string) api.ServiceContainer {
-	portsLabel := strings.Join(ports, ",")
-	return api.ServiceContainer{Container: api.Container{InspectResponse: container.InspectResponse{
-		ContainerJSONBase: &container.ContainerJSONBase{
-			State: &container.State{
-				Running: true,
-			},
-		},
-		NetworkSettings: &container.NetworkSettings{
-			Networks: map[string]*network.EndpointSettings{
-				"other-network": {
-					IPAddress: "172.17.0.2",
-				},
-			},
-		},
-		Config: &container.Config{
-			Labels: map[string]string{
-				api.LabelServicePorts: portsLabel,
-			},
-		},
-	}}}
-}

internal/machine/caddyconfig/mocks_test.go

@@ -16,10 +16,19 @@ func NewMockCaddyfileValidator(t interface {
 	mock.TestingT
 	Cleanup(func())
 }) *MockCaddyfileValidator {
+	if helper, ok := t.(interface{ Helper() }); ok {
+		helper.Helper()
+	}
+
 	mock := &MockCaddyfileValidator{}
 	mock.Mock.Test(t)
 
-	t.Cleanup(func() { mock.AssertExpectations(t) })
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		if helper, ok := t.(interface{ Helper() }); ok {
+			helper.Helper()
+		}
+		mock.AssertExpectations(t)
+	})
 
 	return mock
 }

internal/machine/caddyconfig/server.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package caddyconfig
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"os"
 
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
@@ -22,18 +23,26 @@ func NewServer(service *Service) *Server {
 	return &Server{service: service}
 }
 
-// GetConfig retrieves the current Caddy configuration from the machine.
+// GetConfig retrieves the saved Caddy configuration and the latest reconciliation error from the machine.
 func (s *Server) GetConfig(ctx context.Context, _ *emptypb.Empty) (*pb.GetCaddyConfigResponse, error) {
 	caddyfile, modifiedAt, err := s.service.Caddyfile()
 	if err != nil {
-		if os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+			if lastErr := s.service.LastReconciliationError(); lastErr != nil {
+				return nil, status.Errorf(codes.NotFound, "%v; last Caddy config load failed: %v", err, lastErr)
+			}
 			return nil, status.Error(codes.NotFound, err.Error())
 		}
 		return nil, status.Error(codes.Internal, err.Error())
 	}
 
+	recErr := ""
+	if lastErr := s.service.LastReconciliationError(); lastErr != nil {
+		recErr = lastErr.Error()
+	}
 	return &pb.GetCaddyConfigResponse{
 		Caddyfile:               caddyfile,
 		ModifiedAt:              timestamppb.New(modifiedAt),
+		LastReconciliationError: recErr,
 	}, nil
 }

internal/machine/caddyconfig/server_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+package caddyconfig
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/status"
+	"google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/emptypb"
+)
+
+func TestServer_GetConfig(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("returns saved Caddyfile and reconciliation error", func(t *testing.T) {
+		dir := t.TempDir()
+		caddyfile := "example.com { respond ok }\n"
+		path := filepath.Join(dir, "Caddyfile")
+		require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(path, []byte(caddyfile), 0o640))
+		info, err := os.Stat(path)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		service := NewService(dir)
+		service.setReconciliationResult(errors.New("module not registered: caddy.storage.uncloud"))
+		config, err := NewServer(service).GetConfig(context.Background(), &emptypb.Empty{})
+
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, caddyfile, config.GetCaddyfile())
+		assert.True(t, info.ModTime().Equal(config.GetModifiedAt().AsTime()))
+		assert.Equal(t, "module not registered: caddy.storage.uncloud", config.GetLastReconciliationError())
+
+		service.setReconciliationResult(nil)
+		config, err = NewServer(service).GetConfig(context.Background(), &emptypb.Empty{})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Empty(t, config.GetLastReconciliationError())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("returns NotFound with reconciliation error when Caddyfile is absent", func(t *testing.T) {
+		service := NewService(t.TempDir())
+		service.setReconciliationResult(errors.New("module not registered: caddy.storage.uncloud"))
+
+		config, err := NewServer(service).GetConfig(context.Background(), &emptypb.Empty{})
+
+		assert.Nil(t, config)
+		assert.Equal(t, codes.NotFound, status.Code(err))
+		assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "Caddyfile")
+		assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "last Caddy config load failed: module not registered: caddy.storage.uncloud")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("returns NotFound without reconciliation error when Caddyfile is absent", func(t *testing.T) {
+		service := NewService(t.TempDir())
+
+		config, err := NewServer(service).GetConfig(context.Background(), &emptypb.Empty{})
+
+		assert.Nil(t, config)
+		assert.Equal(t, codes.NotFound, status.Code(err))
+		assert.NotContains(t, err.Error(), "last Caddy config load failed")
+	})
+}

internal/machine/caddyconfig/service.go

@@ -4,12 +4,15 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"sync"
 	"time"
 )
 
 // Service provides methods to interact with the Caddy configuration on the machine.
 type Service struct {
 	configDir               string
+	mu                      sync.RWMutex
+	lastReconciliationError error
 }
 
 // NewService creates a new Service instance with the specified Caddy configuration directory.
@@ -17,7 +20,8 @@ func NewService(configDir string) *Service {
 	return &Service{configDir: configDir}
 }
 
-// Caddyfile retrieves the current Caddy configuration (Caddyfile) from the machine's config directory.
+// Caddyfile retrieves the saved Caddyfile from the machine's config directory. The saved file may differ from the
+// running configuration if Caddy accepted a load but the subsequent write failed.
 func (s *Service) Caddyfile() (string, time.Time, error) {
 	path := filepath.Join(s.configDir, "Caddyfile")
 	content, err := os.ReadFile(path)
@@ -33,3 +37,17 @@ func (s *Service) Caddyfile() (string, time.Time, error) {
 
 	return string(content), fileInfo.ModTime(), nil
 }
+
+// LastReconciliationError reports the most recent unsuccessful controller attempt, if any. A successful attempt
+// clears it. An empty value does not prove that Caddy has loaded the saved Caddyfile.
+func (s *Service) LastReconciliationError() error {
+	s.mu.RLock()
+	defer s.mu.RUnlock()
+	return s.lastReconciliationError
+}
+
+func (s *Service) setReconciliationResult(err error) {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	s.lastReconciliationError = err
+}

internal/machine/caddyconfig/service_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+package caddyconfig
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestService_LastReconciliationError(t *testing.T) {
+	service := NewService(t.TempDir())
+	assert.NoError(t, service.LastReconciliationError())
+
+	service.setReconciliationResult(errors.New("global Caddy config rejected"))
+	assert.EqualError(t, service.LastReconciliationError(), "global Caddy config rejected")
+
+	service.setReconciliationResult(nil)
+	assert.NoError(t, service.LastReconciliationError())
+}
+
+func TestService_LastReconciliationErrorConcurrent(t *testing.T) {
+	service := NewService(t.TempDir())
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	for range 10 {
+		wg.Add(2)
+		go func() {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			for range 100 {
+				service.setReconciliationResult(errors.New("retry"))
+				service.setReconciliationResult(nil)
+			}
+		}()
+		go func() {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			for range 100 {
+				_ = service.LastReconciliationError()
+			}
+		}()
+	}
+	wg.Wait()
+}

internal/machine/caddystorage/certificate.go

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+package caddystorage
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"log/slog"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/caddyserver/certmagic"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/api/pb"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/machine/store"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/status"
+	"google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/emptypb"
+)
+
+// ListCertificates lists issued certificates from this machine's Caddy storage replica.
+// Unreadable entries and invalid resource metadata are skipped. Chains and issuer data are returned as stored.
+func (s *Server) ListCertificates(ctx context.Context, _ *emptypb.Empty) (*pb.ListCertificatesResponse, error) {
+	records, err := s.store.List(ctx, "certificates/", store.KeyspaceListOptions{KeysOnly: true})
+	if err != nil {
+		if ctx.Err() != nil {
+			return nil, status.FromContextError(ctx.Err()).Err()
+		}
+		return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Internal, "list Caddy certificates: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	resp := &pb.ListCertificatesResponse{}
+	for _, record := range records {
+		if err = ctx.Err(); err != nil {
+			return nil, status.FromContextError(err).Err()
+		}
+		if !isCertificateKey(record.Key) {
+			continue
+		}
+		cert, err := s.loadIssuedCertificate(ctx, record.Key)
+		if err != nil {
+			slog.Warn("Failed to load issued certificate from Caddy storage.", "key", record.Key, "err", err)
+			continue
+		}
+		resp.Certificates = append(resp.Certificates, cert)
+	}
+
+	return resp, nil
+}
+
+// isCertificateKey recognizes CertMagic's certificates/<issuer>/<name>/<name>.crt layout.
+func isCertificateKey(key string) bool {
+	parts := strings.Split(key, "/")
+	return len(parts) == 4 && parts[0] == "certificates" && parts[3] == parts[2]+".crt"
+}
+
+func (s *Server) loadIssuedCertificate(ctx context.Context, key string) (*pb.IssuedCertificate, error) {
+	chain, err := s.store.Get(ctx, key)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	metaKey := strings.TrimSuffix(key, ".crt") + ".json"
+	meta, err := s.store.Get(ctx, metaKey)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	var resource certmagic.CertificateResource
+	if err = json.Unmarshal(meta.Value, &resource); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if len(resource.SANs) == 0 || strings.TrimSpace(resource.SANs[0]) == "" {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("certificate metadata has no SAN")
+	}
+
+	return &pb.IssuedCertificate{
+		San:        resource.SANs[0],
+		Chain:      chain.Value,
+		IssuerData: resource.IssuerData,
+	}, nil
+}

internal/machine/caddystorage/certificate_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+package caddystorage
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto/ed25519"
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"crypto/x509"
+	"crypto/x509/pkix"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"encoding/pem"
+	"errors"
+	"math/big"
+	"net"
+	"slices"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/caddyserver/certmagic"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/machine/store"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/status"
+	"google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/emptypb"
+)
+
+func TestServerListCertificates(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, sans := range [][]string{
+		{"app.example.com"}, {"*.example.com"}, {"192.0.2.1"}, {"www.example.com", "example.com"},
+	} {
+		t.Run(sans[0], func(t *testing.T) {
+			bundle, _, _ := certificateFixture(t, &x509.Certificate{
+				DNSNames:    []string{"example.com", "www.example.com"},
+				IPAddresses: []net.IP{net.ParseIP("192.0.2.1")},
+				NotAfter:    time.Date(2000, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+			})
+			key := certmagic.StorageKeys.SiteCert("local", sans[0])
+			storage := newCertificateStorage(t)
+			raw := json.RawMessage(`{"unknown_issuer_field":true}`)
+			storage.add(t, key, bundle, sans, raw)
+			storage.keys = append(storage.keys, "certificates", "certificates/local", "certificates/local/app.crt",
+				"certificates/local/app/wrong.crt", "certificates/local/app/app.crt/extra.crt",
+				"pki/authorities/local/root.crt", "ocsp/certificate")
+
+			resp, err := NewServer(storage).ListCertificates(t.Context(), &emptypb.Empty{})
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.Len(t, resp.Certificates, 1)
+			cert := resp.Certificates[0]
+			assert.Equal(t, sans[0], cert.San)
+			assert.Equal(t, bundle, cert.Chain, "PEM must be returned unchanged")
+			assert.Equal(t, []byte(raw), cert.IssuerData)
+			assert.Equal(t, []string{key, strings.TrimSuffix(key, ".crt") + ".json"}, storage.loads)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestServerListCertificates_PreservesIssuerData(t *testing.T) {
+	bundle, _, _ := certificateFixture(t, &x509.Certificate{})
+	for _, raw := range []string{
+		"", "null", `{"url":"https://ca/cert/1","ca":"https://ca/directory"}`,
+		`{"url":"https://ca/cert/1","ca":"https://ca/directory","renewal_info":{"_selectedTime":"invalid"}}`,
+		`"provider-record"`, "[1,2,3]",
+	} {
+		t.Run(raw, func(t *testing.T) {
+			storage := newCertificateStorage(t)
+			storage.add(t, "certificates/custom/app/app.crt", bundle, []string{"app"}, json.RawMessage(raw))
+
+			resp, err := NewServer(storage).ListCertificates(t.Context(), &emptypb.Empty{})
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.Len(t, resp.Certificates, 1)
+			assert.Equal(t, raw, string(resp.Certificates[0].IssuerData))
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestServerListCertificates_OrderingAndDuplicates(t *testing.T) {
+	bundle, _, _ := certificateFixture(t, &x509.Certificate{})
+	storage := newCertificateStorage(t)
+	storage.add(t, certmagic.StorageKeys.SiteCert("z-issuer", "a.example.com"), bundle, []string{"a.example.com"}, nil)
+	storage.add(t, certmagic.StorageKeys.SiteCert("a-issuer", "z.example.com"), bundle, []string{"z.example.com"}, nil)
+	storage.add(t, certmagic.StorageKeys.SiteCert("b-issuer", "z.example.com"), bundle, []string{"z.example.com"}, nil)
+
+	resp, err := NewServer(storage).ListCertificates(t.Context(), &emptypb.Empty{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, resp.Certificates, 3)
+	certs := resp.Certificates
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"z.example.com", "z.example.com", "a.example.com"},
+		[]string{certs[0].San, certs[1].San, certs[2].San})
+	for _, cert := range certs {
+		assert.Equal(t, bundle, cert.Chain)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestServerListCertificates_SkipsUnreadableEntries(t *testing.T) {
+	bundle, _, _ := certificateFixture(t, &x509.Certificate{})
+	const badKey = "certificates/local/bad/bad.crt"
+	const metaKey = "certificates/local/bad/bad.json"
+	for _, tt := range []struct {
+		name   string
+		change func(*certificateStorageStub)
+	}{
+		{"missing chain", func(s *certificateStorageStub) { delete(s.values, badKey) }},
+		{"chain read failure", func(s *certificateStorageStub) { s.loadErrors[badKey] = errors.New("offline") }},
+		{"missing metadata", func(s *certificateStorageStub) { delete(s.values, metaKey) }},
+		{"metadata read failure", func(s *certificateStorageStub) { s.loadErrors[metaKey] = errors.New("offline") }},
+		{"invalid JSON", func(s *certificateStorageStub) { s.values[metaKey] = []byte("{") }},
+		{"missing SAN", func(s *certificateStorageStub) { s.values[metaKey] = []byte(`{}`) }},
+		{"empty first SAN", func(s *certificateStorageStub) { s.values[metaKey] = []byte(`{"sans":["","app"]}`) }},
+		{"blank first SAN", func(s *certificateStorageStub) { s.values[metaKey] = []byte(`{"sans":[" "]}`) }},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			storage := newCertificateStorage(t)
+			storage.add(t, badKey, bundle, []string{"bad"}, nil)
+			storage.add(t, "certificates/local/good/good.crt", bundle, []string{"good"}, nil)
+			tt.change(storage)
+
+			resp, err := NewServer(storage).ListCertificates(t.Context(), &emptypb.Empty{})
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.Len(t, resp.Certificates, 1)
+			assert.Equal(t, "good", resp.Certificates[0].San)
+		})
+	}
+
+	t.Run("all entries unreadable", func(t *testing.T) {
+		storage := newCertificateStorage(t)
+		storage.keys = []string{badKey}
+		resp, err := NewServer(storage).ListCertificates(t.Context(), &emptypb.Empty{})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Empty(t, resp.Certificates)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestServerListCertificates_ListErrors(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, fail := range []bool{false, true} {
+		storage := newCertificateStorage(t)
+		if fail {
+			storage.listError = errors.New("offline")
+		}
+
+		resp, err := NewServer(storage).ListCertificates(t.Context(), &emptypb.Empty{})
+		assert.Empty(t, storage.loads)
+		if fail {
+			assert.Nil(t, resp)
+			assert.Equal(t, codes.Internal, status.Code(err))
+		} else {
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.Empty(t, resp.Certificates)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// Only reads are implemented. Unexpected writes panic through the nil embedded Keyspace.
+type certificateStorageStub struct {
+	*store.Keyspace
+	t          *testing.T
+	keys       []string
+	values     map[string][]byte
+	loads      []string
+	listCalls  int
+	listError  error
+	loadErrors map[string]error
+	onLoad     func(string)
+}
+
+func newCertificateStorage(t *testing.T) *certificateStorageStub {
+	return &certificateStorageStub{t: t, values: make(map[string][]byte), loadErrors: make(map[string]error)}
+}
+
+func (s *certificateStorageStub) add(t *testing.T, key string, bundle []byte, sans []string, issuerData json.RawMessage) {
+	t.Helper()
+	metaKey := strings.TrimSuffix(key, ".crt") + ".json"
+	keyKey := strings.TrimSuffix(key, ".crt") + ".key"
+	meta, err := json.Marshal(certmagic.CertificateResource{SANs: sans, IssuerData: issuerData})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	s.keys = append(s.keys, key, metaKey, keyKey)
+	s.values[key], s.values[metaKey], s.values[keyKey] = bundle, meta, []byte("must not read private keys")
+}
+
+func (s *certificateStorageStub) List(ctx context.Context, prefix string, opts store.KeyspaceListOptions) ([]store.Record, error) {
+	s.listCalls++
+	assert.Equal(s.t, "certificates/", prefix)
+	assert.True(s.t, opts.KeysOnly, "listing must not fetch private key values")
+	var records []store.Record
+	for _, key := range slices.Sorted(slices.Values(s.keys)) {
+		records = append(records, store.Record{Key: key})
+	}
+	return records, s.listError
+}
+
+func (s *certificateStorageStub) Get(ctx context.Context, key string) (store.Record, error) {
+	require.False(s.t, strings.HasSuffix(key, ".key"), "private keys must never be loaded")
+	s.loads = append(s.loads, key)
+	if s.onLoad != nil {
+		s.onLoad(key)
+	}
+	if err := s.loadErrors[key]; err != nil {
+		return store.Record{}, err
+	}
+	value, ok := s.values[key]
+	if !ok {
+		return store.Record{}, store.ErrKeyNotFound
+	}
+	return store.Record{Key: key, Value: value}, nil
+}
+
+func certificateFixture(t *testing.T, template *x509.Certificate) ([]byte, *x509.Certificate, *x509.Certificate) {
+	t.Helper()
+	publicKey, key, err := ed25519.GenerateKey(rand.Reader)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	root := &x509.Certificate{
+		SerialNumber: big.NewInt(1), Subject: pkix.Name{CommonName: "Test CA"}, IsCA: true,
+		BasicConstraintsValid: true, KeyUsage: x509.KeyUsageCertSign,
+		NotBefore: time.Date(1990, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+		NotAfter:  time.Date(2040, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+	}
+	rootDER, err := x509.CreateCertificate(rand.Reader, root, root, publicKey, key)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	root, err = x509.ParseCertificate(rootDER)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	template.SerialNumber = big.NewInt(2)
+	template.NotBefore = root.NotBefore
+	if template.NotAfter.IsZero() {
+		template.NotAfter = root.NotAfter
+	}
+	leafDER, err := x509.CreateCertificate(rand.Reader, template, root, publicKey, key)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	leaf, err := x509.ParseCertificate(leafDER)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	bundle := append(pem.EncodeToMemory(&pem.Block{Type: "CERTIFICATE", Bytes: leafDER}),
+		pem.EncodeToMemory(&pem.Block{Type: "CERTIFICATE", Bytes: rootDER})...)
+	return bundle, leaf, root
+}

internal/machine/caddystorage/server.go

@@ -25,10 +25,17 @@ const Namespace = "caddy_storage"
 // Server implements the machine-local CaddyStorage gRPC service.
 type Server struct {
 	pb.UnimplementedCaddyStorageServer
-	store *store.Keyspace
+	store keyspace
 }
 
-func NewServer(store *store.Keyspace) *Server {
+type keyspace interface {
+	Get(context.Context, string) (store.Record, error)
+	Put(context.Context, string, []byte) error
+	Delete(context.Context, string, store.KeyspaceDeleteOptions) error
+	List(context.Context, string, store.KeyspaceListOptions) ([]store.Record, error)
+}
+
+func NewServer(store keyspace) *Server {
 	return &Server{store: store}
 }
 

internal/machine/cluster/cluster.go

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/machine/network"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/machine/store"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/secret"
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/pkg/api"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/status"
 	"google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/emptypb"
@@ -87,6 +88,11 @@ func (c *Cluster) AddMachine(ctx context.Context, req *pb.AddMachineRequest) (*p
 func (c *Cluster) AddMachineWithoutReadyCheck(
 	ctx context.Context, req *pb.AddMachineRequest,
 ) (*pb.AddMachineResponse, error) {
+	if req.Name != "" {
+		if err := api.ValidateMachineName(req.Name); err != nil {
+			return nil, status.Error(codes.InvalidArgument, err.Error())
+		}
+	}
 	if req.Network == nil {
 		return nil, status.Error(codes.InvalidArgument, "network not set")
 	}

internal/machine/cluster/cluster_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+package cluster
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/api/pb"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/status"
+)
+
+func TestAddMachine_InvalidName(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	ready := make(chan struct{})
+	close(ready)
+	// Invalid names must be rejected before any store access.
+	c := NewCluster(nil, nil, nil, ready)
+	for _, name := range []string{"VPS1", "worker.example", "rr", "nearest", "c337f00600de51ef4375c9a9a267dba5"} {
+		t.Run("add", func(t *testing.T) {
+			resp, err := c.AddMachine(context.Background(), &pb.AddMachineRequest{Name: name})
+			require.Nil(t, resp)
+			require.Equal(t, codes.InvalidArgument, status.Code(err))
+			require.ErrorContains(t, err, "invalid machine name")
+		})
+	}
+}

internal/machine/cluster/dns.go

@@ -4,20 +4,24 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
+	"strings"
 
+	"github.com/miekg/dns"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/api/pb"
-	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/dns"
+	undns "github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/dns"
 	"github.com/psviderski/uncloud/internal/machine/store"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/status"
+	"google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
 	"google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/emptypb"
 )
 
-// uncloudDNSKey is the key used to store the details of the reserved domain in the store.
+// uncloudDNSKey stores the cluster domain and, when reserved, its Uncloud DNS credentials.
 const uncloudDNSKey = "uncloud_dns"
 
 type uncloudDNSDomain struct {
 	// Endpoint is the API endpoint of the Uncloud DNS service where the domain is reserved.
+	// An empty endpoint means the domain is managed externally.
 	Endpoint string
 	Name     string
 	// TODO: encrypt the token in the store.
@@ -34,14 +38,14 @@ func (c *Cluster) ReserveDomain(ctx context.Context, req *pb.ReserveDomainReques
 	}
 
 	if _, err := c.storedDomain(ctx); err == nil {
-		return nil, status.Errorf(codes.AlreadyExists, "domain already reserved")
+		return nil, status.Error(codes.AlreadyExists, "cluster domain already configured")
 	} else {
 		if s := status.Convert(err); s.Code() != codes.NotFound {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 	}
 
-	dnsClient := dns.NewClient()
+	dnsClient := undns.NewClient()
 	name, token, err := dnsClient.ReserveDomain(req.Endpoint)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.Error(codes.Internal, err.Error())
@@ -60,7 +64,7 @@ func (c *Cluster) ReserveDomain(ctx context.Context, req *pb.ReserveDomainReques
 		return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Internal, "store reserved domain: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	return &pb.Domain{Name: name}, nil
+	return &pb.Domain{Name: name, Reserved: proto.Bool(true)}, nil
 }
 
 func (c *Cluster) GetDomain(ctx context.Context, _ *emptypb.Empty) (*pb.Domain, error) {
@@ -73,7 +77,7 @@ func (c *Cluster) GetDomain(ctx context.Context, _ *emptypb.Empty) (*pb.Domain,
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	return &pb.Domain{Name: domain.Name}, nil
+	return &pb.Domain{Name: domain.Name, Reserved: proto.Bool(domain.Endpoint != "")}, nil
 }
 
 func (c *Cluster) storedDomain(ctx context.Context) (uncloudDNSDomain, error) {
@@ -103,13 +107,63 @@ func (c *Cluster) ReleaseDomain(ctx context.Context, _ *emptypb.Empty) (*pb.Doma
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
+	if domain.Endpoint == "" {
+		return nil, status.Error(codes.FailedPrecondition,
+			"cluster domain is set manually, use 'uc dns set \"\"' to unset it")
+	}
 
 	if err = c.store.Delete(ctx, uncloudDNSKey); err != nil {
 		return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Internal, "delete domain from store: %v", err)
 	}
 	// TODO: implement and call Uncloud DNS endpoint to release/delete the domain.
 
-	return &pb.Domain{Name: domain.Name}, nil
+	return &pb.Domain{Name: domain.Name, Reserved: proto.Bool(true)}, nil
+}
+
+func (c *Cluster) SetDomain(ctx context.Context, req *pb.SetDomainRequest) (*emptypb.Empty, error) {
+	if err := c.checkReady(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	name := req.GetName()
+	if name != "" {
+		if labels, ok := dns.IsDomainName(name); !ok || labels < 2 {
+			return nil, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument,
+				"invalid cluster domain '%s': must be a valid domain name with at least two labels", name)
+		}
+	}
+	name = strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSuffix(name, "."))
+
+	existing, err := c.storedDomain(ctx)
+	if err != nil && status.Code(err) != codes.NotFound {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if name == "" {
+		if err == nil {
+			if existing.Endpoint != "" {
+				return nil, status.Error(codes.FailedPrecondition,
+					"cluster domain is reserved in Uncloud DNS, use 'uc dns release' to release it")
+			}
+			if err := c.store.Delete(ctx, uncloudDNSKey); err != nil {
+				return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Internal, "unset cluster domain: %v", err)
+			}
+		}
+		return &emptypb.Empty{}, nil
+	}
+	if err == nil {
+		return nil, status.Error(codes.AlreadyExists, "cluster domain already configured")
+	}
+
+	domain := uncloudDNSDomain{Name: name}
+	domainJSON, err := json.Marshal(domain)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Internal, "marshal set domain for store: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err = c.store.Put(ctx, uncloudDNSKey, domainJSON); err != nil {
+		return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Internal, "store set domain: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	return &emptypb.Empty{}, nil
 }
 
 func (c *Cluster) CreateDomainRecords(
@@ -124,12 +178,16 @@ func (c *Cluster) CreateDomainRecords(
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	dnsClient := dns.NewClient()
+	if domain.Endpoint == "" {
-	recordsReq := make([]dns.RecordRequest, len(req.Records))
+		return nil, status.Error(codes.FailedPrecondition, "cluster domain is not reserved in Uncloud DNS")
+	}
+
+	dnsClient := undns.NewClient()
+	recordsReq := make([]undns.RecordRequest, len(req.Records))
 	for i, r := range req.Records {
-		recordsReq[i] = dns.RecordRequest{
+		recordsReq[i] = undns.RecordRequest{
 			Name:   r.Name,
-			Type:   dns.RecordType(r.Type.String()),
+			Type:   undns.RecordType(r.Type.String()),
 			Values: r.Values,
 		}
 	}
@@ -149,9 +207,9 @@ func (c *Cluster) CreateDomainRecords(
 		}
 
 		switch r.Type {
-		case dns.RecordTypeA:
+		case undns.RecordTypeA:
 			resp.Records[i].Type = pb.DNSRecord_A
-		case dns.RecordTypeAAAA:
+		case undns.RecordTypeAAAA:
 			resp.Records[i].Type = pb.DNSRecord_AAAA
 		}
 	}